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JP2002534199A5
JP2002534199A5 JP2000593228A JP2000593228A JP2002534199A5 JP 2002534199 A5 JP2002534199 A5 JP 2002534199A5 JP 2000593228 A JP2000593228 A JP 2000593228A JP 2000593228 A JP2000593228 A JP 2000593228A JP 2002534199 A5 JP2002534199 A5 JP 2002534199A5
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【請求項13】 組織切除要素と、干渉データを提供するための低コヒーレンス光源を備えた切除エネルギ源干渉計機器とを備える組織切除機器と、
前記切除エネルギ源干渉計機器に接続されており、前記組織切除機器へ供給されるエネルギ信号を変更するために前記切除エネルギ源干渉計機器の切除エネルギ源に結合されているマイクロプロセッサ及びエネルギ制御装置を備えている制御システムとを備え、前記制御システムが、干渉データを使用して、正常組織と異常組織の間の境界が存在するかを検出し、前記境界が存在しているならば、前記組織切除機器へ供給される前記エネルギ信号を変更するように構成されている組織を切除するための組織切除システム。
1つの実施態様では、組織切除機器108は、アブレーションによる組織切除のために、レーザエネルギ源のようなエネルギ源138を含んでいる。エネルギ源138は組織切除要素140と組織切除要素140の近位端部142において結合されている。組織切除要素140は、例えば、レーザカテーテルとすることができる。何れの場合でも、組織切除要素140は、遠位端部144を有し、該遠位端部144が組織Tの近傍に配置され得るように支持部材132を通って延びている。
光ビーム 1 の光学経路長は、第1の光ファイバ114の長さに依存している。光ビーム 2 の光学経路長は第2の光ファイバ122の長さ及び組織において光が散乱(反射)される場所からの距離に依存しており、この距離は組織の群屈折率の差の変化に合わせて増減する。図1を再び参照すると、光ファイバ114及び122に沿った光学距離は、圧電コイル128及び130によって変更され得る。光学経路長を連続的に変更することによって、組織の深さを走査することができ、一連の特定の深さから散乱する光の強度を測定することができるようになる。例えば、ビームB1の光学経路長がビームB2の光学経路長よりも0.5mm長いとき、組織において0.5mmと光学的に等価な(群屈折率の変化に合わせて増減する)深さから散乱される光の強度が測定される。光学経路長は連続的に変えられ、距離に対する散乱強度の関数を作成するために、散乱される光の強度が測定される。したがって、干渉測定技術により非常に小さい距離及び厚さを正確に測定して、組織Tの高解像度画像が形成され、アブレーション装置140が安全に使用可能である又は進行させることができるかを決定するために、オンラインの高解像度情報を提供することができる。干渉測定技術及び干渉計機器に関するより詳細な事項は同時係属米国特許出願第09/060,487号(1998年4月15日出願)の明細書に記載されている。この米国特許出願は本譲受人に譲渡されており、その全体を本願と一体のものとして参照されている。代替実施態様では、制御システム100が、干渉計機器106に代えて、ラマン又はレイリー分光法、誘導蛍光、又は他の線形又は非線形技術のような反射された光を分析するための異なる技術を使用する機器に結合される。例えば、分光機器に結合されているとき、マイクロプロセッサ102は、スペクトルデータの分析を用いて異常組織と正常組織の間の境界を識別する。
マイクロプロセッサ102はエネルギ制御装置104に制御信号を供給する。より詳細には、制御アルゴリズムは、第2の光ファイバ122の遠位端部126からの距離の関数として反射光の強度の減衰率を検査することによって異常組織の存在を検出する。例えば、マイクロプロセッサ102は約10Hzで反射された光をサンプリングし、多数の点のスライド平均(sliding average)を生成させ、例えば一度に約8〜30個の点の窓についての強度値を平均する。スライド平均は関数の変曲点を識別し、この変曲点はノイズとは反対の関数の傾きの真の変化又は実際の変化を示している。傾きの実際の変化は正常組織と異常組織との間の境界を識別させる。例えば、1300nmの波長で光を発する約100μWの光源を使用しているとき、正常組織は、約−75dB/mm以下の傾きを有している関数の領域によって識別される。約−75dB/mmから約−150dB/mmの範囲内の傾きを有している関数の領域は、脂肪又は脂質のプラークのような柔軟なプラークを示している。約−150dB/mmから約−200dB/mmの範囲内の傾きは石灰化したプラークを示すのに対して、約−200dB/mm以上の傾きは空気又は血液を示している。例えば、アルゴリズムは単なる適/不適(go/no−go)のアルゴリズムであり、該アルゴリズムにおいては、異なる傾きを有した複数の関数領域の間の変曲点を使用してエネルギ制御装置104に供給される制御信号の状態を決定し、組織切除要素140を使用可能又は使用不能にする。代替実施態様では、アルゴリズムは、より複雑なパターン認識又はノイズ分析を行うように構成することができ、これら複雑なパターン認識又はノイズ分析により正常組織と異常組織との間の境界を特徴付ける反射光の変化を識別する。
典型的な使用において、使用不能になっている組織切除要素140の遠位端部144は、動脈の正常な部分に配置され、第2の光ファイバ122の長さによって規定される動脈の長手軸線に沿って進められる。マイクロプロセッサ102が第2の光ファイバの遠位端部126(及び組織切除要素140)の先に正常組織と異常組織の境界を識別したときに、アテローム斑のような異常組織の領域又は部位の始点が識別される。組織切除要素の遠位端部144が、境界、例えばプラーク(斑)の始点をちょうど越えて前進させられ、次に、マイクロプロセッサ102がエネルギ源138を始動させるためにエネルギ制御装置104に信号を供給し、組織切除要素140を有効にさせて異常組織(プラーク)をアブレーションにより切除させる。1つの実施態様では、正常組織に不注意に損傷を与ないことを保証するために、組織切除要素140が最初に使用可能となる領域の後ろに、小さな面積又は領域のプラークを残存させたままにすることができる。組織切除要素140は、プラークの中に進行させられ、マイクロプロセッサ102によって異常組織(プラーク)と正常組織との間の組織境界が検出されない限りは、安全に使用可能な状態にすることができる。1つの実施態様では、マイクロプロセッサ102が、干渉計機器106の出力を使用して、第2の光ファイバの遠位端部126の先に異常組織(プラーク)と正常組織との間の境界を識別すると、マイクロプロセッサ102はそれに応じてエネルギ源138の作動を停止させるためにエネルギ制御装置104に信号を供給し、組織切除要素140が正常組織に到達する前にその使用を不可能にさせ、組織切除要素140によって正常組織が損傷を受けないようにさせる。組織切除要素の遠位端部144に対してプラークの端部に位置する小さい面積又は領域のプラークは、組織切除要素140によって正常組織が損傷を与えられないことを保証するために、残存させられたままとされ得る。しかしながら、組織切除要素140が使用可能又は使用不能にされる位置である、異常組織から正常組織への境界又は正常組織から異常組織への境界に対する組織切除要素140の相対的な位置は、変更され得るものである。さらに、組織切除要素140に供給されるエネルギの量は、柔軟なプラークが識別されたか又は石灰化したプラークが識別されたかにより、調整され得る。例えば、石灰化されたプラークが識別されたならば、最初に低い量のエネルギが組織切除要素140に供給され得る。プラークが低い量のエネルギを使用したときにアブレーションにより切除されなければ、石灰化したプラークを切除するようにエネルギを調整して上昇させることができる。
JP2000593228A 1999-01-09 2000-01-07 組織切除を制御するためのシステム及び方法 Expired - Fee Related JP4226788B2 (ja)

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US09/228,030 1999-01-09
US09/228,030 US6228076B1 (en) 1999-01-09 1999-01-09 System and method for controlling tissue ablation
PCT/US2000/000460 WO2000041611A2 (en) 1999-01-09 2000-01-07 System and method for controlling tissue ablation

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JP2002534199A5 true JP2002534199A5 (ja) 2007-03-01
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US (1) US6228076B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1146930B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4226788B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100623212B1 (ja)
AT (1) ATE548078T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU769737B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR0007419A (ja)
CA (1) CA2355835A1 (ja)
HK (1) HK1040648A1 (ja)
IL (1) IL144183A (ja)
WO (1) WO2000041611A2 (ja)

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