JP2002508451A - 高純度塩素へのＨＣｌガスの電気化学的処理方法 - Google Patents
高純度塩素へのＨＣｌガスの電気化学的処理方法Info
- Publication number
- JP2002508451A JP2002508451A JP2000539191A JP2000539191A JP2002508451A JP 2002508451 A JP2002508451 A JP 2002508451A JP 2000539191 A JP2000539191 A JP 2000539191A JP 2000539191 A JP2000539191 A JP 2000539191A JP 2002508451 A JP2002508451 A JP 2002508451A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- hcl
- chlorine
- phase electrolysis
- hydrochloric acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 46
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 46
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/07—Purification ; Separation
- C01B7/0743—Purification ; Separation of gaseous or dissolved chlorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19755636A DE19755636A1 (de) | 1997-12-15 | 1997-12-15 | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Aufarbeitung von HCl-Gas zu hochreinem Chlor |
| DE19755636.1 | 1997-12-15 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/007974 WO1999031297A1 (de) | 1997-12-15 | 1998-12-08 | VERFAHREN ZUR ELEKTROCHEMISCHEN AUFARBEITUNG VON HCl-GAS ZU HOCHREINEM CHLOR |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002508451A true JP2002508451A (ja) | 2002-03-19 |
| JP2002508451A5 JP2002508451A5 (enExample) | 2006-01-12 |
Family
ID=7851936
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000539191A Pending JP2002508451A (ja) | 1997-12-15 | 1998-12-08 | 高純度塩素へのＨＣｌガスの電気化学的処理方法 |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6368490B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1042537B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2002508451A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100549764B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1131896C (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE207137T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU738631B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9814283A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2314491A1 (enExample) |
| DE (2) | DE19755636A1 (enExample) |
| EG (1) | EG21238A (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2166196T3 (enExample) |
| ID (1) | ID25778A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO20003016L (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT1042537E (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW446758B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1999031297A1 (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9811427B (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003502154A (ja) * | 1999-06-18 | 2003-01-21 | バイエル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 水中の有機化合物を分解する方法 |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001220959A1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-24 | Tilak Bommaraju | Electrochemical purification of chlorine |
| US7838708B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2010-11-23 | Grt, Inc. | Hydrocarbon conversion process improvements |
| US20050171393A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2005-08-04 | Lorkovic Ivan M. | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
| MXPA06000470A (es) | 2003-07-15 | 2006-08-23 | Grt Inc | Sintesis de hidrocarburos. |
| US7674941B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2010-03-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20060100469A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2006-05-11 | Waycuilis John J | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8642822B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2014-02-04 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using microchannel reactor |
| US20080275284A1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2008-11-06 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8173851B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2012-05-08 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US7244867B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2007-07-17 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| MY153001A (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2014-12-31 | Grt Inc | Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| KR101335397B1 (ko) | 2006-02-03 | 2013-12-02 | 지알티, 인코포레이티드 | 할로겐으로부터 가벼운 기체를 분리하는 방법 |
| MX2009012353A (es) * | 2007-05-14 | 2010-02-17 | Grt Inc | Proceso para convertir materiales de partida de hidrocarburos con recuperacion electrolitica de halogeno. |
| AU2008256606A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Grt, Inc. | Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release |
| DE102008015902A1 (de) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Verfahren zur Sauerstoffreduktion |
| US8282810B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2012-10-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Bromine-based method and system for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using electrolysis for bromine recovery |
| AU2009270801B2 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2014-04-24 | Reaction 35, Llc | Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| DE102009023539B4 (de) * | 2009-05-30 | 2012-07-19 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Elektrolyse einer wässerigen Lösung von Chlorwasserstoff oder Alkalichlorid in einer Elektrolysezelle |
| US8198495B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2012-06-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
| US8367884B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2013-02-05 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
| US8815050B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2014-08-26 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for drying liquid bromine |
| US8436220B2 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-07 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for demethanization of brominated hydrocarbons |
| US8829256B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-09-09 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for fractionation of brominated hydrocarbons in the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8802908B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2014-08-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for separate, parallel methane and higher alkanes' bromination |
| US9193641B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-11-24 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for conversion of alkyl bromides to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons in circulating catalyst reactor-regenerator systems |
| DE102013009230A1 (de) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Otto-von-Guericke-Universität | Verfahren und Membranreaktor zur Herstellung von Chlor aus Chlorwasserstoffgas |
| EP3488914A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-29 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | A method and an apparatus for separating chlorine gas from a gaseous anode outlet stream of an electrochemical reactor |
| CN111995518B (zh) * | 2020-09-11 | 2023-04-07 | 三峡大学 | 副产盐酸资源化利用生产氯代脂肪酸甲酯的方法 |
| WO2024126607A1 (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | Basf Se | Process for preparing at least one polyisocyanate from co2 |
| EP4403589A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 | 2024-07-24 | Basf Se | A process for preparing at least one polyisocyanate from solid material w |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2719822A (en) * | 1952-01-10 | 1955-10-04 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride |
| DE1163785B (de) | 1962-03-23 | 1964-02-27 | Olin Mathieson | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von durch Elektrolyse waessriger Alkalichloridloesungen erzeugtem Chlor |
| FR1438213A (fr) | 1964-07-04 | 1966-05-13 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procédé de fabrication du chlore par électrolyse de l'acide chlorhydrique |
| US3434948A (en) * | 1964-11-25 | 1969-03-25 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method for chlorine cooling and brine heating |
| US3799860A (en) | 1972-01-14 | 1974-03-26 | Dow Chemical Co | Apparatus for preparation of cl2 by electrolysis of hci and polyvalent metal chlorides |
| US4320179A (en) | 1978-04-03 | 1982-03-16 | Energy Development Associates, Inc. | Transference and purification of halogen and hydrohalic acid in an electrochemical system |
| DE2849250A1 (de) * | 1978-11-14 | 1980-06-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von chlordioxid, alkalilauge und gegebenenfalls chlor |
| US4247532A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1981-01-27 | Shell Oil Company | Purification of electrolytically-produced chlorine |
| US4222833A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1980-09-16 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Sniff gas recovery method |
| US5411641A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1995-05-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrochemical conversion of anhydrous hydrogen halide to halogen gas using a cation-transporting membrane |
| CA2219922A1 (en) * | 1995-05-01 | 1996-11-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrochemical conversion of anhydrous hydrogen halide to halogen gas using a cation-transporting membrane |
| IT1282367B1 (it) * | 1996-01-19 | 1998-03-20 | De Nora Spa | Migliorato metodo per l'elettrolisi di soluzioni acquose di acido cloridrico |
-
1997
- 1997-12-15 DE DE19755636A patent/DE19755636A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-12-08 WO PCT/EP1998/007974 patent/WO1999031297A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-08 EP EP98965789A patent/EP1042537B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 US US09/581,410 patent/US6368490B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 JP JP2000539191A patent/JP2002508451A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-08 CA CA002314491A patent/CA2314491A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-08 PT PT98965789T patent/PT1042537E/pt unknown
- 1998-12-08 DE DE59801820T patent/DE59801820D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 CN CN988121662A patent/CN1131896C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 ES ES98965789T patent/ES2166196T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 BR BR9814283-6A patent/BR9814283A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1998-12-08 ID IDW20001137D patent/ID25778A/id unknown
- 1998-12-08 KR KR1020007006471A patent/KR100549764B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 AU AU21595/99A patent/AU738631B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-08 AT AT98965789T patent/ATE207137T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-14 TW TW087120691A patent/TW446758B/zh active
- 1998-12-14 EG EG154398A patent/EG21238A/xx active
- 1998-12-14 ZA ZA9811427A patent/ZA9811427B/xx unknown
-
2000
- 2000-06-13 NO NO20003016A patent/NO20003016L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003502154A (ja) * | 1999-06-18 | 2003-01-21 | バイエル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 水中の有機化合物を分解する方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA9811427B (en) | 1999-06-14 |
| AU2159599A (en) | 1999-07-05 |
| WO1999031297A1 (de) | 1999-06-24 |
| US6368490B1 (en) | 2002-04-09 |
| AU738631B2 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
| CN1281516A (zh) | 2001-01-24 |
| BR9814283A (pt) | 2000-10-03 |
| ATE207137T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
| CN1131896C (zh) | 2003-12-24 |
| KR20010033108A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
| EP1042537A1 (de) | 2000-10-11 |
| KR100549764B1 (ko) | 2006-02-08 |
| ID25778A (id) | 2000-11-02 |
| EP1042537B1 (de) | 2001-10-17 |
| EG21238A (en) | 2001-03-31 |
| CA2314491A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
| NO20003016D0 (no) | 2000-06-13 |
| ES2166196T3 (es) | 2002-04-01 |
| TW446758B (en) | 2001-07-21 |
| DE59801820D1 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
| NO20003016L (no) | 2000-06-13 |
| PT1042537E (pt) | 2002-04-29 |
| DE19755636A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2002508451A (ja) | 高純度塩素へのＨＣｌガスの電気化学的処理方法 | |
| US3288692A (en) | Electrochemical process for the production of organic oxides | |
| CA1330317C (en) | Treating with chlorine dioxide produced from chlorate salt | |
| US5324497A (en) | Integrated procedure for high yield production of chlorine dioxide and apparatus used therefor | |
| JPS5910431B2 (ja) | 二酸化硫黄から硫酸を製造する方法 | |
| CN102653871B (zh) | 操作耗氧电极的方法 | |
| US20240084462A1 (en) | Method and electrolysis device for the production of chlorine, carbon monoxide and optionally hydrogen | |
| US3455797A (en) | Procedure for the preparation of olefin oxides | |
| US3516790A (en) | Process and apparatus for preparing chlorine dioxide | |
| JPH0360761B2 (enExample) | ||
| JPS6342386A (ja) | 硝酸カリウムの製法 | |
| US6203692B1 (en) | Electrochemical purification of chlorine | |
| FI86562B (fi) | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av alkalimetallklorat. | |
| JP3115426B2 (ja) | ペルフルオロ有機化合物の製造方法 | |
| JP2007314408A (ja) | 水素製造装置および水素製造方法 | |
| CA1155793A (en) | Process for the production of liquid chlorine | |
| KR101936791B1 (ko) | 오픈형 이산화탄소 용해기를 이용한 고효율 개미산염 제조 시스템 및 방법 | |
| JP4535269B2 (ja) | 水素の製造装置及び水素の製造方法 | |
| US961945A (en) | Method of manufacture of bicarbonate of soda. | |
| US2731325A (en) | Process for the preparation of chlorine dioxide | |
| US4370208A (en) | Electrolytic process of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution and electrolytic cell | |
| US3514381A (en) | Cyclic process for the fabrication of sodium carbonate and of chlorine | |
| JPH086191B2 (ja) | イオン交換膜式電解法による臭素の濃縮製造方法 | |
| US916900A (en) | Process for electrolytically producing peroxid of hydrogen. | |
| NO119166B (enExample) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20051115 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20051115 |
|
| RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422 Effective date: 20080328 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20080901 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080909 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20081209 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20081216 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20090512 |