JP2002165519A - Foundation bed for planting and method for greening using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a foundation bed for planting with which a burden to a building is slight, and a tree, etc. can be planted, and which provides excellent application workability and a connection means, etc., against a strong wind on a rooftop, and to provide a method for greening a rooftop. SOLUTION: This foundation bed for planting is characterized in that the foundation bed is a thick, square foundation bed provided with continuous void parts formed by partial fixation of lightweight coarse aggregate to each other with a cement mortar, notches reaching a fixed depth from the top toward the bottom are formed at four corners of the foundation bed, and the continuous void parts of the foundation bed are packed with soil for planting. This method for greening comprises arranging and installing a plurality of lines of the foundation beds for planting on a waterproof layer formed on a concrete slab of a building, using the foundation beds for planting for direct planting of lawn, flowering plants, etc., and utilizing at least one vertical hole formed by notches of the adjacent foundation beds for planting of low tree and/or for fixing the adjacent foundation beds to each other.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a planting base suitable for a planting method for planting plants on the roof or veranda of an apartment house such as an apartment or a building, and a planting method therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, plants have been planted on the roofs of apartment buildings such as buildings and condominiums, to alleviate the heat island phenomenon in cities where the temperature rises due to the exhaust heat from factories and cars and the release of air pollutants. Various attempts have been made to improve the heat insulating property of the steel to achieve an energy saving effect. For example, JP-A-5-260849 discloses that a porous plate made of a large number of porous concretes is arranged side by side on a waterproof layer laid on a rooftop concrete slab, and a water-permeable sheet made of a nonwoven fabric is laid thereon. There is described a rooftop planting base on which an embankment layer for planting is overlaid and planted on the embankment layer. This planting base has a double structure in which the porous plate and the embankment layer are separated by a water-permeable sheet, so that trees and the like cannot be planted unless the embankment layer has a considerable thickness. Also,
Not only is the overall weight heavy and the load on the building large, but also the workability of construction becomes complicated.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-89428 discloses that
On the waterproof layer laid on the rooftop concrete slab,
With a water retaining layer made of fiber material interposed, aggregates and voids on the upper surface side are large, aggregates and voids on the lower surface side are formed small, and the void portion is made of porous concrete filled with planting soil. A large number of porous plates are installed side by side,
It describes a rooftop planting base for planting directly on a porous plate. This method has a low load on the building and is excellent in construction workability in that the embankment layer is not provided, but since the aggregate on the upper side of the porous plate is large, it is necessary to provide a hole for planting trees and the like. Can not. In order to further reduce the load on the building, further weight reduction of the porous plate is required,
When exposed to strong strong winds on the rooftop or the like, there is a high risk of being easily blown off.

[0004]

As described above, there are still many problems to be solved in the planting base suitable for the conventional greening method for planting plants on a rooftop or the like. The present invention is based on this situation,
In particular, it is possible to plant trees, etc., and it uses a planting base that has a low load on the building, is excellent in construction workability, and has an excellent effect on connecting means for strong winds on the roof etc. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a greening method.

[0005]

As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that it is effective to provide notches in advance at four corners of a lightweight planting base. The present invention has been completed. That is, the planting substrate of the present invention is a thick rectangular substrate in which lightweight coarse aggregates are partially fixed to each other with cement mortar to form a continuous void portion, and four corners of the substrate have upper surfaces. A notch reaching a predetermined depth from the bottom to the bottom is formed, and the continuous void portion of the base is filled with planting soil.

In the above-mentioned lightweight coarse aggregate of the present invention, a crushed product of a water-retaining lightweight cellular concrete material having a particle size adjusted to a particle size of 10 to 30 mm (preferably 15 to 20 mm) is particularly lightweight and has a high water absorption and a water retention ratio. It is most preferable because of its high cost. In addition, the notch at the four corners in the present invention has a cross section having a shape selected from among triangular, square, quarter circular or elliptical shapes, and a plurality of planting bases are arranged. This is preferable in that sometimes a vertical hole having a coherent shape can be obtained by notching between adjacent substrates. Furthermore, it is desirable that the inclination of the above-mentioned notch is vertical or inclined and reaches a depth of １ ／ or more of the thickness.

[0007] Further, according to the greening method of the present invention, a plurality of rows of the above-described planting bases of the present invention are arranged on a waterproof layer formed on a concrete slab of a building, and the planting bases are placed on the waterproofing layer. It is characterized in that at least one vertical hole formed by the cutout between adjacent bases is used for planting low trees and / or for fixing between adjacent bases, at the same time as being used for direct lawn and flower planting. .

In the rooftop greening method of the present invention, a soil outflow prevention layer is formed on a bottom surface of at least one vertical hole formed by a cutout between adjacent bases, and the upper portion of the vertical hole is filled with soil to plant low trees. It is desirable that Also, in the rooftop greening method of the present invention, a joint member with a flange is fitted from above into at least one vertical hole formed by a cutout between adjacent bases, and is used to suppress and fix adjacent bases. It is desirable. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned greening method of the present invention, it is desirable to lay a water-permeable root-proof sheet (root-resistant layer) made of a nonwoven fabric or the like between the waterproof layer and the planting substrate.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 4 show (a) a plan view and (b) a side view of a rectangular planting substrate 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals in the respective drawings denote the same meanings. First, (a) of FIG. 1 is a plan view of a planting substrate 1 having a vertical notch 2 having a triangular cross-section at the four corners and a triangular cross-section having a depth not reaching the bottom, and (b)
Is a front view thereof. FIG. 2 is a modification of FIG.
Is a plan view of the planting base 1 having a triangular cross-section 2 ′ having a triangular cross-section at the four corners and a depth reaching the bottom, and (b) is a front view thereof.

FIG. 3 (a) is a plan view of a planting substrate 1 having quarter-circular vertical cutouts 3 at the four corners, each of which has a quarter-circle with the same cross section and a depth not reaching the bottom. , (B)
Is a front view thereof. FIG. 4 is a modification of FIG.
Is a plan view of the planting substrate 1 having quarter-circular cutouts 3 'at the four corners having the same shape in cross section and reaching the bottom, and (b) shows a front view thereof.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the planting base 1 of the present invention has a thickness in which lightweight coarse aggregates 4 are partially fixed to each other with cement mortar to form continuous voids 5. It is a panel-shaped base such as a square or a rectangle, and has vertical (or inclined) cutouts 2 (2 ') and 3 (3') in the four corners of the base, such as a triangular or 1/4 circular cross section. And the continuous void portion 5 of the base is filled with planting soil. Here, the cross section of each notch at the four corners of the base 1 is such that a vertical hole such as a square, a circle, or an ellipse is formed at the center portion by combining the notches when at least four bases are connected. triangle,
A quadrangle, or a quarter or a quarter of a circle or an ellipse may be mentioned. From the viewpoint of moldability and ease of assembly, a triangle or a quarter is preferable.

The notch gradient in the bottom direction may be vertical (including a plurality of steps) as shown in FIG. 1 (or FIG. 3) or may be inclined as shown in FIG. 2 (or FIG. 4). It may be. Further, the depth of the notch may be at least １ ／ or more, preferably ３ or more of the thickness of the base, and may reach the bottom surface at the maximum. If necessary, a water-permeable root-proof sheet (root-resistant layer) made of a nonwoven fabric or the like may be attached to the bottom surface of the base and fixed.

Next, in the greening method of the present invention, the above-described planting base 1 of the present invention is arranged in a plurality of rows on a waterproof layer formed on a concrete slab of a building. One example is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. Here, FIG. 5 shows that the planting bases 1 of FIG. 1 (or FIG. 2) are arranged in three vertical rows and four horizontal rows, and a vertical vertical hole 6 (or inclined vertical hole 6 ′) having a rectangular cross section is formed by cutting out adjacent bases. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a state in which six pieces are formed, and FIG. 6 shows three rows of the planting bases 1 of FIG. 3 (or FIG. 4).
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a state in which six vertical vertical holes 7 (or inclined vertical holes 7 ′) each having a circular cross section are formed by cutting out adjacent substrates in four horizontal rows.

As described above, in the greening method of the present invention, at least one vertical hole (having a rectangular or circular cross section 6) formed in the thickness direction between adjacent bases is used for planting low trees and / or fixing the adjacent bases. It is desirable that it be large enough to be used for In this respect, preferably, a square having a side of about 5 cm to 15 cm or a diameter of 5 cm to
Notch 2 to obtain a circle of about 15cm
(2 ′) and 3 (3 ′) are desirable.

Here, FIGS. 7 and 8 are longitudinal sectional views showing a case where the vertical vertical hole 6 (or 7) or the like is used for planting low trees. Here, FIG. 7 shows that the bottom portion of a square (or circular) vertical hole 6 (or 7) having a vertical cross-section whose depth does not reach the bottom surface serves as a soil outflow prevention layer 8, and a soil material 9 is filled in the upper portion thereof. This is an example in which low trees 10 are planted. FIG. 8 shows that a water-permeable soil outflow prevention layer 11 is formed at the lower end of a square (or circular) vertical hole 6 ′ (or 7 ′) having a depth tapered to the bottom and having a rectangular cross section. This is an example in which a low tree 10 is planted by filling a soil material 9 into the soil. The soil runoff prevention layer 11 may be provided as needed, and the material is not particularly limited.

FIGS. 9A and 9B show a case where the vertical holes 6 (or 7) are used for fixing adjacent substrates.
FIGS. 10A and 10B show a vertical cross-sectional view and a partial plan view of a case where the inclined vertical hole 6 ′ (or 7 ′) is used for fixing adjacent substrates. Here, FIGS. 9A and 9B show that a vertical hole 6 (or 7) having a rectangular (or circular) vertical section that does not reach the bottom surface is fitted with a joint member 12 having a flange 13 from above and is adjacent thereto. This is an example in which the bases are held down and fixed. FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b) show a connection material layer (soil outflow prevention layer) 11 which is tapered to the bottom and which is adhered to the lower end of a square (or circular) vertical hole 6 '(or 7') with cement mortar or the like. This is an example in which a joint member 12 ′ with a flange 13 ′ is fitted from above the vertical hole to suppress and fix adjacent bases.

Here, as the joint member 12 (12 '), vertical holes 6 (7), 6' formed by cutouts.
Flange (cap) 13 covering the upper surface of the opening of (7 ')
Projection 1 fitted into the vertical hole section at the lower part of (13 ')
4 (14 ′). In this case, it is preferable to form the protruding portion 14 (14 ') with a hollow elastic body because it is excellent in fitting property and adhesion. Further, a protrusion formed on the outer surface of the protruding portion 14 (14 ') for preventing the protrusion 14 from being properly fitted is excellent in functionality.

As the lightweight coarse aggregate 4 used in the present invention,
Natural lightweight stone material such as Oya stone, natural foam stone, crushed lava, porous lightweight cellular concrete material (ALC building material, etc.)
Crushed products, lightweight artificial aggregates (Super Asanolite, etc.), ultra-light aggregates made of completely inorganic fired body (G-lite made of crystal light) mainly composed of glass, foamed fly ash (Celkasy made by Kawashima), etc. A product obtained by adjusting the particle size of the crushed product or the like to an appropriate size, for example, a particle size of 10 to 30 mm, preferably 15 to 20 mm can be used. Particularly preferred is a crushed product of ALC building material (for example, Iton manufactured by Nippon Iton Kogyo Co., Ltd .; autoclave-cured porous lightweight cellular concrete building material), particularly having a particle diameter of 10 to 10.
Those having an irregular particle size of about 30 mm are most preferable because they have excellent water retention, and particularly have extremely high water absorption and water retention.

In the production of the planting substrate 1 according to the present invention, the surface of the light-weight coarse aggregate 4 whose grain size has been adjusted is partially coated in advance with cement mortar to give a predetermined thickness and shape. By randomly filling the mold (with appropriate vibration) and hardening, the lightweight coarse aggregates 4 are partially fixed to each other with cement mortar, and the continuous voids 5 are formed.
Are formed, and at the same time, predetermined notches 2
A panel-like (square) base having (2 ') and 3 (3') can be easily obtained.

The cement mortar is not particularly limited, but (early strength) Portland cement or fly ash cement or the like as a binder is desirable.
A mixture of fine aggregate such as silica sand or an admixture as appropriate is used. Also, the outer surface of the lightweight coarse aggregate 5 is preferably partially coated with cement mortar and fixed, so that the porous opening of the lightweight coarse aggregate 5 is left, and the water absorption and the water retention are simultaneously increased, which is preferable.

The external dimensions of the planting substrate 1 according to the present invention are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easiness of handling, 300
A square shape of about 1000 mm and a horizontal direction of about 300 mm to 500 mm, or a rectangular shape such as a rectangle is preferable. The thickness varies depending on the plant to be planted, but is preferably in the range of about 50 to 200 mm, preferably about 70 to 150 mm. In the planting base 1 of the present invention, the continuous void portion 5 is filled with the planting soil. In order to fill the continuous gap portion 5 with the planting soil, water is added and the planting soil is poured from the upper surface while appropriately vibrating in a slurry state, or the base is immersed in the slurrying planting soil. Thereby, all the continuous void portions 5 can be filled.

The soil for planting is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for planting ordinary grasses, ivy, flowers and the like. For example, fertilizer as appropriate to natural soil, or a mixture of fibrous natural organic materials such as aquatic plants, wood, pagasu, park compost, palm, palm, peat moss, straw,
In addition, a binder obtained by mixing a binder with these natural organic materials and / or artificial organic materials and natural organic materials can be used. The planting base of the present invention can be easily used by simply arranging a plurality of such bases in places where environmental greening is desired, such as a rooftop or a veranda.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A concrete embodiment of a rooftop greening method using a planting base according to the present invention will be described. 350m on one side
m, a planting substrate of the present invention having a square having a thickness of 75 mm and a triangular section having a long side of 100 mm and a short side of 70.7 mm each having a notch vertically up to a depth of 55 mm at four corners. 1 is arranged on a waterproof layer provided on a concrete slab on a building roof, as shown in FIG. 5, arranged in three rows and four rows, and the length of one side is 100 mm in a notch between adjacent bases.
6 square vertical holes 6 were formed. Therefore, diagonal vertical holes 6 formed at the four corners of the planting base 1 located at the center.
Of these, the holding joint member 12 composed of a hollow protruding portion with a flange is fitted into a vertical hole at a diagonal position to fix adjacent bases.

Also, at the same time as sowing seeds such as lawns, ivy and other flowers or planting seedlings by simultaneously spraying water on the planting base 1, the seeds are formed at the four corners of each planting base. The remaining vertical hole 6 in the cutout portion is used for planting evergreen low trees such as azaleas and azaleas. Each planting base 1 is made of a porous lightweight aggregate (86% water absorption, made of crushed ALC building material whose particle size has been adjusted to a particle diameter of 15 to 20 mm).
The specific gravity at the time of water absorption is 1.04), which is partially adhered with cement mortar. It has excellent water absorption and water retention, and also has a high water retention of planting soil filled around lightweight aggregate. Suitable for growing species and low trees. However, a water-permeable root-proof layer (root-resistant layer) such as a nonwoven fabric was laid on the bottom of the planting base 1 to protect the waterproof layer on the rooftop.

By implanting a seedling of a low tree into at least one of the vertical holes 6 formed at the four corners of the planting base, the low tree is placed in the lawn, flowers, etc. planted on the upper surface of the planting base 1. It was confirmed that when the low-growth trees grew, the roots extended from the side of the vertical holes 6 and served as a strong joint between the adjacent planting bases 1. The pressing joint member has a projection made of a hollow elastic body fitted into the vertical hole cross section below a flange (cap) covering the opening of the vertical hole 6 formed by the cutout. The joint members are
It has been confirmed that it is also preferable to remove the plant as required and to plant a seedling of a low tree to replace the joint by rooting from the side of the vertical hole 3.

[0026]

According to the present invention described above, planting soil is filled in the continuous space where the lightweight coarse aggregates are partially fixed, and cutouts are formed at the four corners of the base. As a result, the construction workability is easy and the load on the building is small. Moreover, the vertical holes at the four corners formed by the cutouts can be used for planting low trees and the like, and at the same time, they can be used as connecting means etc. which are not blown off by strong strong winds.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a plan view of a planting substrate of the present invention having a vertical cutout having a triangular cross section at four corners, and FIG. 1B is a front view thereof.

FIG. 2A is a plan view of a planting base showing another example of the present invention having cutouts having triangular cross sections at four corners, and FIG. 2B is a front view thereof.

FIG. 3 (a) is a plan view of a planting base of the present invention having a circular vertical cutout having a quarter cross section at four corners, and FIG. 3 (b) is a front view thereof.

FIG. 4 (a) is a plan view of a planting base 1 having cutouts at four corners, each of which has a circular cross section of 1/4 and is inclined to the bottom, and FIG. 4 (b) is a front view thereof.

FIG. 5 is a plan view in which vertical holes having a rectangular cross section are formed by arranging planting bases.

FIG. 6 is a plan view in which a vertical hole having a circular cross section is formed by arranging planting bases.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of planting a low tree in a vertical hole having a vertical section.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of planting a low tree into a vertical hole having a tapered cross section.

FIG. 9A is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example in which a joint member is fitted into a vertical hole having a vertical section to hold down and fix the bases, and FIG. 9B is a plan view of the joint portion.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example in which a joint member is fitted into a vertical hole having a tapered and inclined cross section to hold down and fix the bases, and FIG. 10 (b) is a plan view of the joint portion.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Planting base 2 Vertical cutout of triangular section 2 'Triangular cutout of triangular section 3 Vertical cutout of 1/4 circular section 3' Slant cutout of 1/4 circular section 4 Light weight coarse aggregate 5 Continuous gap 6 Vertical vertical hole with rectangular cross section 6 ′ Vertical vertical hole with rectangular cross section 7 Vertical vertical hole with circular cross section 7 ′ Vertical vertical hole with circular cross section 8 Soil runoff prevention layer 9 Soil material 10 Low tree 11 Soil runoff prevention material 12, 12 ′ Joint member 13, 13 'Flange 14, 14' Projection

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Yoshitaka Ishikawa 6-15-1, Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Inside Power Development Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tsuyoshi Horiguchi 1-4-18, Gotenyama, Musashino City, Tokyo ( 72) Inventor Akira Umebano 7-20-3 Kitami, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo F-term (reference) 2B022 AB04 BA01 BA02 BB02 2D044 DA16

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A thick rectangular base in which lightweight coarse aggregates are partially fixed to each other with cement mortar to form a continuous void portion, and predetermined four corners of the base are provided from an upper surface to a lower surface. A notch reaching the depth of the base, and the continuous void portion of the base is filled with planting soil. 2. The planting base according to claim 1, wherein the lightweight coarse aggregate is a crushed product of a lightweight cellular concrete material having a water retentivity adjusted to a particle size of 10 to 30 mm. 3. The notch at the four corners has a triangular, square,
2. The planting base according to claim 1, wherein the planting base has a shape selected from a quarter circular or elliptical shape. 4. The planting base according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the notch is vertical or inclined to reach a depth of １ ／ or more of the thickness. 5. The planting base according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of rows of the planting bases are arranged on a waterproof layer formed on a concrete slab of a building. For direct planting of lawns and flowers, and at least one vertical hole formed by a cutout between adjacent bases is used for planting low trees and / or for fixing the adjacent bases together. Greening method to do. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein a soil outflow prevention layer is formed on a bottom surface of at least one vertical hole formed by a cutout between adjacent bases, and the upper portion of the vertical hole is filled with soil to plant low trees. Greening method. 7. The greening method according to claim 5, wherein a joint member with a flange is fitted into at least one vertical hole formed by a cutout between the adjacent bases, and the adjacent bases are suppressed and fixed. 8. The greening method according to claim 5, wherein a water-retaining root-proof layer (root-resistant layer) is laid between the waterproof layer and the planting base.