JP2001514541A - 組織をシールおよび結合または切断するための電熱デバイス - Google Patents

組織をシールおよび結合または切断するための電熱デバイス

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JP2001514541A
JP2001514541A JP53881898A JP53881898A JP2001514541A JP 2001514541 A JP2001514541 A JP 2001514541A JP 53881898 A JP53881898 A JP 53881898A JP 53881898 A JP53881898 A JP 53881898A JP 2001514541 A JP2001514541 A JP 2001514541A
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tissue
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トリート,マイケル,アール.
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ザ トラスティーズ オブ コロンビア ユニバーシティー イン ザ シティー オブ ニューヨーク
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    • A61F2007/0078Details of power supply with a battery

Abstract

(57)【要約】 組織をシールおよび結合または切断するためのデバイスおよび方法が提供される。これは、とくに腹腔鏡および内視鏡外科手術に適している。デバイスは、近接する組織をシールする、近接する組織を結合する、または組織を解剖するために熱と圧力の組み合わせの制御された適用を用い、それによって、付随する組織損傷を最小にしながら組織シール強度を最大にするべく最適の圧力下で最適の時間かつ最適の温度で組織が加熱される。本発明のデバイスは、軽量であり、従ってポータブルであり、また外部電源が利用できない野外条件において特に有用である。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 組織をシールおよび結合または切断 するための電熱デバイス 発明の分野 本発明は、一般的には、組織をシールおよび結合または切断するためのデバイ スおよび方法に関する。本発明のデバイスは、特に、通常の開放手術または内視 鏡もしくは腹腔鏡手術に使用するためのものである。 発明の背景 止血、すなわち血液凝固は、凝固カスケードとして知られる自然に生じる生物 学的経路の活性化によって得ることができる。経路は、組織の損傷によって活性 化され得る。この損傷は、機械的、化学的または熱的な源から生じ得る。この自 然の生物学的経路は、自由に流動する血液の血餅への転化を生じる。いくつかの 生物学的要素、例えば組織蛋白質、主にフィブリンおよびスロンビンが凝固カス ケードに関与する。血小板ならびに赤血球および白血球などの細胞も関与する。 手術中、止血は、血液中に存在する蛋白質の直接変性によっても達成され得る 。蛋白質の変性は、その特徴的な三次元構造が、蛋白質を実際に壊すことなく変 化することを意味する。この直接変性は、純粋な物理化学プロセスで あり、変性された蛋白質は互いに結合して、天然の血餅に匹敵する蛋白質の無定 形塊を形成する。蛋白質の変性により蛋白質はどのようにして隣接する蛋白質と くっつくのであろうか。蛋白質は一般に、複雑な三次元構造を有する。蛋白質は 実際には、ペプチドと呼ばれるより小さな分子の鎖であり、ペプチドは、別の側 鎖上の分子基を引き付け得る分子基を含む側鎖を有し得る。蛋白質の主鎖はルー プ状で、複雑に折り畳まれており、その結果、蛋白質に特徴的な三次元構造が得 られる。このループ化および折り畳みは、ペプチドの側鎖間の分子内引力により 生じる。側鎖間のこの引力は一般に、「水素結合」または静電型である。ペプチ ドを主鎖に沿って互いに保持する引力は共有結合である。蛋白質が変性されると 、蛋白質はその正常な三次元構造を失う。この蛋白質分子の折り畳みが解かれる と、ペプチド上の側鎖は、蛋白質鎖を折り畳むために「内側に」向かう代わりに 、隣接の蛋白質の側鎖に結合することが可能になる。この分子間結合の結果、変 性蛋白質の大きな塊が形成される。このプロセスは、自然の凝固機構の生物学的 カスケードの活性化に依存するのではなく、純粋な物理化学プロセスである。止 血の場合、変性されなければならない組織蛋白質は、主に、ヘモグロビンおよび アルブミンなどの血液中のものであるが、血管壁または他の解剖学的構造に存在 するような構造蛋白質も含む。 蛋白質を変性するための最良の方法の一つは、蛋白質を、分子内水素結合を壊 すのには十分高いが、主鎖に沿っ たはるかに強いペプチド−ペプチド共有結合を壊すには十分高くない温度に加熱 することである。このプロセスの基本的な例は、卵の透明な部分をそれが白くな るまで加熱することである。この白色は、最初の透明な蛋白質が変性されたこと を意味する。 組織蛋白質に運ばれる熱は、電気エネルギー、光エネルギー、電波エネルギー または機械(振動または摩擦)エネルギーとして開始し得る。組織に関する限り 、最初のエネルギー源が何であるかは、それが或る方法で熱に変えられる限り、 問題ではない。 例えば、エネルギー源がレーザーである場合、光エネルギーが組織中の分子に よって吸収される。その吸収スペクトルは、使用されているレーザーの波長と一 致する。光エネルギーがいったん吸収されると、熱が作られ、蛋白質変性の物理 化学プロセスが達成される。いかなる種類の光エネルギーも、その波長が組織に よって吸収され得るものであるならば、この効果を有する。この一般的プロセス は、光凝固と言う。レーザーを使用することの利点は、その出力が単一波長であ るため、適合した吸収スペクトルを有するいくつかの組織要素を選択的に加熱す ることができ、一方、レーザー光が吸収されない他の組織要素は加熱しないとい うことである。この原理は、眼科で一般的に使用されている。レーザーを使用す ることの他の利点は、そのコヒーレントかつ平行なビームが非常に小さい標的上 に非常にぴったり集中し得るということである。空間的精度または いくつかの組織要素のみの選択的光凝固に関心がない場合は、非常に明るいが他 の点では普通である光を使用することにより組織を凝固することが完全に可能で ある。 エネルギー源が組織を通って流れる電流である場合、そのプロセスは「電気手 術」と言われる。ここで生じることは、組織が電気の流れに対して抵抗を有する ので、組織を流れる電気が組織を加熱するということである(「オーム加熱」)。超 音波凝固の場合、超音波要素の急速な振動が、小枝を互いにこすることにより火 をおこすのと本質的に同じ方法で(ただし、振動速度ははるかに大きく、プロセ スはより制御可能であるが)加熱を誘発する。 蛋白質を変性し、凝固するのが熱であるのに、なぜわざわざレーザーや電気手 術デバイスを用いて開始しようとするのだろうか。なぜ、非常に単純な熱源、例 えば抵抗線、またはもっと単純に、熱い金属片を使用しないのだろうか。昔は、 熱い鉄片による「焼灼器」を使用して傷の出血を止めた。この方法に伴う問題は 、効力ではなく、焼灼されまたは傷つけられる組織の量および程度の制御および 抑制である。 事実、1920年代における物理学教授William T.Bovieによる「電気焼灼器」の 開発は、組織での熱の発生が、大きい金属片を使用して可能であるよりもさらに 制御可能でありかつ精密である手段を持ちたいという(草分け的な神経外科医Ha rvey Cushing博士の)願望により拍車がかけられた。電気焼灼器は、非常に高周 波数の交流電流を使用 する。というのは、これらの高周波数は、直流または低周波数を使用するときに 生じる筋肉組織の破傷風様(「動電気による」)刺激を引き起こさないことが分か ったからである。筋肉の刺激を避けるために、非常に高周波数(約数十万サイク ル/秒)の交流を使用する必要がある。この高周波数はAMラジオ波の範囲にあ り、このことが、電気焼灼器が使用されるとき、ORで使用されるモニターなど の多くの電気デバイスがなぜ干渉を記録するかの理由である。そのような高周波 数の使用からは多くの潜在的な問題が生じ、例えば、患者を傷つけかつペースメ ーカーおよびコンピューター装置と干渉する可能性のある漂遊電流の制御の困難 性が挙げられる。電気焼灼器は、過去50年にわたって洗練されてきているが、そ れは、まだなお、かなり回り道の組織加熱法を表している。 組織を凝固し、シールし、結合し、または切断する多くのデバイスが知られて いる。例えば、電気手術デバイス(単極および双極の両方)である。これらは、 凝固させたい組織を通過する高周波数の電流を使用する。組織を通過する電流が 組織を加熱させ、その結果、組織蛋白質を凝固させる。これらのデバイスの単極 種では、電流は電極を出て、組織を通過した後、患者の体の遠位部に取り付けら れまたは接続された「接地板」によって発生器に戻る。かかる電気手術デバイス の双極種では、電流は2個の電極間を通り、組織は、卵管の閉塞のために使用さ れる「Kleppinger双極鉗子」の場合のように、2個の電極間に置かれまたは 保持されている。 そのような単極および双極デバイスの多くの例があり、今日では、Valley La b、Cabot、Meditron、Wolf、Storzおよび世界中の他の会社などの会社から市販 されている。この領域での新しい開発は、CabotおよびCircon−ACMIから市販さ れている「Tripolar」デバイスである。そのデバイスは、単極凝固電極の他に機 械的切断要素を含む。 公知の超音波デバイスに関しては、要素またはロッドを振動させるかなりの高 周波数が組織と接触して保持される。急速な振動により、組織中の蛋白質が凝固 してくる。超音波デバイスはまた、蛋白質が凝固している間、組織を把持するた めの手段も使用する。 Olympusは、可撓性内視鏡の中を通過させるためのカテーテル型の可撓性プロ ーブに含まれる電気加熱線を使用するヒータープローブデバイスを市販している 。それは、胃腸管の内側に存在する小さい出血している管または消化性もしくは 他の種類の胃腸潰瘍に存在する出血している管の凝固に使用される。このデバイ スでは、単極または双極焼灼器の場合のように電流が組織を通過するわけではな い。このデバイスは、大量の組織が凝固されるだけでなく粉砕もされなければな らない腹腔鏡手術または開放手術での使用には恐らく適しないであろう。 多くの公知特許がある。 米国特許第702,472号(Pignolet)は、一方がジョーを加熱するための抵抗を 有する、ジョー付の組織把持鉗子、 およびヒーターを作動させるためのバッテリーを開示している。熱および圧力に よって生じた凝固された組織は、次いで、ジョーを開く前にジョーの両端に沿っ て切り離される。 米国特許第728,883号(Downes)は、向かい合うジョー部材およびジョーをア クチュエートするためのハンドル手段を有する電熱装置を開示している。ジョー 部材には抵抗部材が取り付けられており、直接の接触がプレートによって遮られ ている。このデバイスは、組織に施与される熱によって組織を凝固させており、 電流によってではない。 米国特許第3,613,682号(Naylor)は、バッテリーによって作動する焼灼デバ イスを開示している。 米国特許第4,031,898号(Hiltebrandtら)は、ジョー部材を有する凝固装置に 関し、ジョー部材の一つは抵抗コイルを含む。このデバイスは、加熱要素を制御 するためのタイマー機構を有する。加熱要素は、温度センサーとして直接使用さ れる。 米国特許第4,196,734号(Harris)は、電気手術および焼灼の両方を行うこと ができるデバイスを開示している。サーミスター温度感知要素は、加熱ループを モニターし、電流を調節し、それによって温度を調節する。 米国特許第4,359,052号(Staub)は、バッテリー作動する取り外し可能な焼灼 器加熱先端を有する焼灼デバイスに関する。 米国特許第5,276,306号(Huffman)は、バッテリーのためのトリガー機構を有 する、ピストルグリップの、手で保持する加熱デバイスを開示している。 米国特許第5,336,221号(Anderson)は、組織を溶接または溶融するための光 熱把持デバイスであって、溶融された組織を分離するための切断ブレードを使用 するデバイスを開示している。 米国特許第5,443,463号(Sternら)は、切断ブレードによって二またに分かれ る、把持するためのジョー部材を開示している。これは、複数の電極および温度 センサーを有しており、単極または双極として機能し得る。 米国特許第5,445,638号(Rydellら)は、双極の凝固・切断装置に関する。 上記した参考文献の各々は本発明に関係するが、いずれも、本明細書に開示さ れ、特許請求された本発明の全体を開示するものではなく、また示唆するもので もない。 発明の目的 本発明の目的は、組織をシールおよび切断するためのデバイスを提供すること である。 また、本発明の目的は、組織をシールおよび結合するためのデバイスを提供す ることである。 本発明の別の目的は、外部電源を必要としない携帯用デバイスを提供すること である。 本発明のさらに別の目的は、腹腔鏡手術および内視鏡 手術の要件、すなわち長くかつ非常に狭い(直径が2、3ミリメートルの範囲ま たはさらに狭い)という要件に一致するように構築され得るデバイスを提供する ことである。 本発明のさらに別の目的は、本発明のデバイスを使用して手術を行うための方 法を提供することである。 本発明のさらに別の目的は、組織シール強度を最適にし、組織への付随する損 傷を最小にするための、最適な加熱および最適な圧力のための方法および装置を 提供することである。 本発明のこれらおよび他の目的は、当業者であれば、以下の本発明のより詳細 な説明から明らかになるであろう。 発明の要約 本発明によれば、独立に制御されるところの3個のパラメーター、即ち、組織 が加熱される温度、適用される圧力、並びに温度及び圧力が維持される時間があ る。組織に適用される合計の熱は、温度及び時間の関数である。重要な特徴は、 組織が指定された総時間で凝固されるまでの圧力及び熱の組合わされた(同時、 部分的同時、又は逐次的)適用であり、それは、変性されたタンパク質を互いに 結合することを含み、一方、圧力なしで要求されるであろうよりも少ない熱エネ ルギーで止血の達成を手伝う。また、与えられた全エネルギーは、熱及び圧力の 適用の間に対置する組織を保持するデバイスの部品の配置及び材質により最小化 される。より少ない熱エネルギーを使用することは付随 する損傷をより少なくすることを意味する。また、公知の電気外科的及び超音波 的な組織凝固デバイスにより達成される得るのと少なくとも同程度に良好な結果 が、しかし、はるかに小さく、はるかに軽い電源、例えば、バッテリーによって 達成され得る。また、組織を加熱する非常に簡単かつ直接的方法が使用される。 基本的な加熱要素が非常に簡単である故、改善された結果が、組織を加熱するた めのより丸みを帯びた手段の少しの犠牲において達成され得る。 本発明の一態様によれば、外科手術の間に組織をシールし又は凝固し、かつ切 断するためのデバイス及び方法が提供される。該デバイスは、組織を制御可能に 加熱し、一方同時に、組織が加熱されるまで限定されかつ制御可能な量の圧力を 適用するための手段を組込む。熱及び圧力の組合わされた適用のために、組織タ ンパク質は凝固されるであろうし、かつ組織内の血管は、止血を達成するために 閉じてシールされるであろう。組織を最適にシール又は凝固することは、付随的 な組織損傷の最小の量を伴って強力かつ耐久性のあるシール又は凝固又は吻合を 作り出すことを意味する。本発明のデバイスにおいて、最適化は、凝固プロセス の間に組織を保持するデバイスの部品の物理的配置と時間、温度及び圧力の調節 との組合せにより達成される。 制御の一部として、熱は連続法よりむしろパルスで与えられ得る。パルスによ る熱適用は、その領域に隣接する組織が、加熱プロセスから回復し、そして生存 可能なままでいるための凝固時間であることを可能にする。また、圧力 の適用は強度で変化可能であり得、かつまたパルス又は非連続法において適用さ れ得る。 生物組織の外科的処理のための方法及びデバイスを提供することが本発明の一 態様であり、ここで、熱エネルギー及び圧力が、出血を止めること、組織をシー ルすること、組織を結合すること及び組織を切断することの目的のために、組織 タンパク質が変性され、そして該組織がそれ自体又は他の組織と接着され又は結 合されるであろうような時間に亘って、同時に、実質的に同時に、連続的に又は 交互に適用される。これらの目的を達成するために必要な熱又は温度エネルギー の最小量が、処理される部位に隣接する組織への温度損傷を最小にするように消 費される。 該デバイスはまた、組織が、凝固された後に組織を切断又は除去するため、組 織破壊若しくは分離、切削発達(plane development)、又は血管若しくは他の組 織構造例えばリンパ管の凝固若しくは止血若しくはシールを組合せた組織構造の 限定若しくは可動化又は組織結合のための手段を組込むことができ、ここで、「 切断」は、切り裂くこと又は組織分割を含む。切断は、凝固された組織を通され る刃により達成されることができ、一方、組織は該デバイスのジョ一内に保持さ れる。切断はまた、組織を凝固するために必要な量より多い熱量を使用すること により熱的に達成され得る。あるいは、切断は、限定されるものではないが、刈 り取り動作、レーザーエネルギー、及びRF、又は上記の二つ以上の組合わせを 含む他の機械的、超音波的又は電 子的手段により達成され得る。組織切断を達成するために熱エネルギーを使用す る場合に、該デバイス及び方法は要求される最小量を使用して、望まれない組織 壊死の最小量を伴って組織を分割するであろう。 加熱要素は、電流が通過するところの抵抗ワイヤであり得る。電流は、連続電 流又は定められた持続時間及び周波数の一連のパルスのいずれかとしてワイヤを 通して与えられる。慣用の電気外科的手術デバイスとは違って、本発明のデバイ スの電流は組織を通って通過せず、それは迷走電流の故に問題を生じ得る。電気 要素は、良好な熱接触にあると同時に組織から電気的に絶縁されている。該デバ イスの簡単な実施態様において、組織に与えられる連続電流の合計量そして従っ て合計熱エネルギーは、簡単なタイマー回路による持続時間で、又は処理された 組織の直接視覚による又は他の知覚的検査によってさえ制限される。より複雑な 実施態様において、パルス列配置及び持続時間は、簡単なマイクロコントローラ ー、例えば、はめ込まれたマイクロプロセッサーの制御下にある。マイクロプロ セッサー制御により、サーミスター熱センサーが、組織が凝固されていることを 把握するところのデバイスの部分に組込まれる。マイクロプロセッサーはサーミ スターから温度記録を取出し、そして組織を焼灼又はシールするための最適温度 を達成するために、一方、望まれない付随的な熱損傷を最小にするためにパルス 列配置及び持続時間を調節する。最適温度の実際の値は、この特定のデバイスの ために実験的 に検証され得る。 本発明に従うシール処理の温度は好ましくは、組織タンパク質を変性し、一方 、組織への過度の壊死を避けるために要求される範囲(約45℃〜100℃未満)に 維持される。 過剰な組織壊死なしにタンパク質変性を達成するために必要な範囲に温度を保持 することは、該処理中に消費される合計熱エネルギーが、もし、温度がこの範囲 に保持されなかったとしたときより少ないであろうことを意味する。該処理中に 消費される合計熱エネルギーの量は、熱の程度(温度)及び熱が与えられる時間の 長さに関係する。熱と圧力の組合わされた適用は、変性されたタンパク質を実際 に互いに貼り付けるために要求されるであろう熱量及び温度を減じる。圧力のこ の組合わされた適用はまた、与えられた温度における熱エネルギーの与えられた 量において、変性されたタンパク質が実際に互いに貼り付くところの強度を増加 する。 与えられた圧力の量は、スプリング又は他の弾性要素、又は機械的に機能する 同等物により調節され、それは、組織がシールされ又は凝固される寸法又は厚み の変化にもかかわらず、組織が単位面積当たりの力の予め決められた量により保 持されることをもたらすであろう。圧力はまた、機械的要素若しくはスペーサー 又は圧力発生要素の幾何学的配置により調節され得る。温度値に関して、与えら れるべき圧力のための正確な値が、適正な測定キャリブレーションでこのデバイ スのために確かめられ得る。 耐久性のある凝固又はシールを作り出すために十分ではあるが過剰ではないと ころの熱及び圧力の組合せの制御された適用は、熱エネルギーの比較的に少しの 量のみが必要とされるという結果を有する。熱の比較的に少しの量のみが必要と されることは、比較的小さな電気バッテリーが、熱を生成するためのエネルギー 源として使用され得ることを意味する。本発明のデバイスはそれ故、組織を凝固 させるための慣用の電気外科的、レーザー又は他のデバイスに要求されるような 巨大かつ重い外部の電力発生装置を不要とし得る。小さなバッテリーが、デバイ スを稼動するために使用され得る故に、該デバイスは、非常にコンパクトかつ軽 重量、並びにポータブル及び/又は使い捨て可能に作られ得る。バッテリー又は 低電圧直流の他の電源の使用は、慣用の高周波数電気外科的デバイスにおいて生 ずるところの、電気的干渉及び迷走電流により引起される危険性及び不便さの回 避を容易にする。レーザーによる目の危険性がまたそれにより回避される。 該デバイスの加熱要素及び圧力発生要素が、製造するために本質的に簡単かつ 安価であり得る故に、組織と接触するデバイスの部分は、所望なら、使い捨て可 能な様式で作られることができ、一方、デバイスのより高価な部分は再使用され るように作られ得る。もし、デバイスが、マイクロプロセッサー-サーミスター コントローラーの代りに簡単なタイマーを組込むなら、バッテリーを含む全体の デバイスは非常に安価かつ使い捨て可能に作られ得る。 熱と圧力の組合せの制御された適用と同一の一般原理を採用するこのデバイス の異なる実施態様は、組織の結合又は管状組織の吻合を作り出すための隣接する 組織を結合又は「一体化」するために使用され得る。組織の結合は本質的に、止 血を達成するための組織タンパク質の制御された凝固の特別な場合である。 そのように効果は、デバイスの構成に採用された物理的な配置及び材質により 空間的に制限されるであろうことは、本発明の更なる態様である。配置及び構成 材質は、1)組織が、変性されたタンパク質の強い結合をもたらすために十分な 圧力ではあるが、組織の壊死を生ずるためには十分な圧力でない圧力を加えるこ とで保持され、2)熱が、処理される組織を保持するところのジョーの材質によ り、処理される組織に集中され、ここで、そのような材質は、隣接する組織を加 熱することに熱が消費されることを防ぐところの断熱材である。そのような材質 はまた、さもなければ熱放射に失われるであろう熱エネルギーを処理された組織 に反射するために反射層または被覆を採用し得る。そのような材質はまた、処理 された組織に熱エネルギーを集中させ、かつ処理されることを意図されない組織 から離すように幾何学的配置を有しており、即ち、形作られ得る。例えば、デバ イスのジョーは、熱エネルギーを集中させるために凹面状又は放物線状の内面を 有し得る。 そのような効果が、エネルギー搬送の種類、量、及び持続時間及び一時的な分 布により空間的に制限されるであろ うことは、本発明の更なる態様である。エネルギーは、このエネルギーが組織タ ンパク質を変性するために熱に転換される限りにおいては、熱、光、音又は電気 、化学、又はエネルギーの他の形態として始めることができる。好ましい実施態 様において、エネルギーは、該デバイス自体に含まれるバッテリーにより発生さ れ得るところの簡単な低コスト熱的加熱要素から搬送されるであろう。エネルギ ーは、可変の又は一定の強度で、連続的、又はパルス若しくは間欠的方式におい て搬送され得る。エネルギーのパルス又は間欠的搬送は、エネルギー分布の空間 的な制限を作り出し得る。(なかんずく、光、熱、分光的フィードバックを含む )フィードバック及びマイクロプロセッサーは、熱効果を制御するために使用さ れ得る。組織凝固、シール又は結合の場合に、エネルギー源により作り出される 温度は、処理された組織中のタンパク質の変性を作り出すために十分に長い保持 時間の間、約45〜約100℃の範囲である。 熱又はエネルギー搬送源は、真っ直ぐな若しくは曲がった簡単な電気的抵抗ワ イヤ、ワイヤの格子若しくはパターン、又は電気的抵抗物質の薄いフィルム若し くは被覆であり得る。一つ以上のエネルギー要素が使用され得る。それらは、圧 力要素により処理された組織のいくつか又は全部を目標にし得る。エネルギー搬 送源は、圧力要素と一体化される、又は圧力要素から分離され得る。切断要素は 、エネルギー要素に組込まれ得る。エネルギー又は熱源は、動かし得るか又は固 定され得る。エネルギーは、圧力の適用 方向に比較して同様又は異なる平面に搬送され得る。エネルギー又は熱源は、そ の形状及び寸法が、異なる解剖状況、組織形状及び厚みに従って変化され得るよ うな様式で構成され得る。例えば、電気的抵抗物質により被覆された膨らませる ことができる風船が、熱源として採用されてよい。他の例は、熱源が、必要に応 じてより大きな表面又はより小さな表面を覆うために拡張され(「扇形に広がり」 )得るところの拡張可能なファン型配置を有し得ることである。他の例は、処理 されるべき組織の回りを包み得るところの可とう性のシート型配置であり得る。 そのような効果は、エネルギー又は熱源と連絡して作動する圧力搬送の種類、 量、及び保持時間又は一時的な分布により空間的に制限されるであろうことは、 本発明の更なる態様である。圧力の搬送は通常、むしろ装置の最小限の二つの要 素から成るであろうが、しかし、いくつかの場合において、環状の切断輪又はコ アリングバイオプシーデバイスの例におけるように、簡単なアバットメント又は 組織に対する単一要素の押し付けから成ることができる。組合わされたエネルギ ー圧力源並びに別々のエネルギー源及び圧力源を含む、エネルギー源と圧力源と の間の幾何学的配置の任意の組合わせが作り出され得る。絶えず続く要求は、エ ネルギー要素が、圧力要素により圧力をかけられるところの少なくともいくつか の組織にエネルギーを搬送することである。圧力要素は同様に、その形状を変化 できて、異なった解剖の状況、組織形状又は厚みに適応するために エネルギー又は圧力の適用前又は適用の間にその形状を調節できる。組織を形作 り又は形成するための切断要素又は他の要素は、圧力要素と合体され得る。例え ば、圧力要素は、先の尖った角度を持つ中心を有する平らな側面を含むことがで きて、該側面に沿う加圧と中央上の切断効果との組合せを作り出す。適用される 圧力は、一定か又は時間と共に変化され得、そして組織に対する圧力要素の関係 は、圧力及びエネルギー又はその両方の適用の間に一定か又は変化され得る。適 切に配置された圧力要素の動作は、エネルギー又は圧力の適用の前、間又は後に 切断を実行するために使用され得る。変化され得る適用は同様に、マイクロプロ セッサーにより作動する圧力変換器又は歪センサーからのフィードバックにより 制御され得る。 完全に分離された切断要素が、分離されたエネルギー要素及び圧力要素に加え て使用され得ることは、本発明の態様である。縫合糸、ステープル、クリップ、 バンド、ねじ、プレート又は鋲を含む機械的な組織固定デバイスが、該デバイス 中に組込まれ得ることはまた本発明の態様である。この場合に、熱エネルギー及 び圧力は、主に凝固及びシールを提供するために使用され、そして機械的要素は 、組織結合又は吻合に更に強度を与えるであろう。 本発明は、開放された、腹腔鏡的、内視鏡的又は任意の形態の最小限に侵入す る外科手術のいずれかにおいて使用され得る。本発明に基く外科用デバイスは、 長くかつ細く、腹腔鏡的又は最小限に侵入するアプローチに適してあり得 る。 温度、時間、圧力、並びにデバイスの何らかの調節可能な物理的配置又は幾何 学的配置のパラメーターは、処理される組織のタイプ、寸法、及び厚みに依存し て変え得る。これらのパラメーターは、実際の処理前に実験的に決定されること ができ、そしてマイクロプロセッサー中の「索引(look-up)」表により、又はデ バイスの調節し得るノブ、ダイアル等の簡単なマーキング及びギャリブレー−シ ョンによりデバイス中に組込まれ得る。 二つの中空の管状構造、例えば、小さな血管又は精管を熱的に結合し又は吻合 する目的のために、好ましい実施態様は、二つの環状又は円筒状要素を組込むで あろう。そのような円筒状要素は、一つを他の一つに合せるように設計されて、 熱が与えられている間に、二つの管状構造を互いに保持するであろうところのジ ャグ(jug)又は一時的なステント(stent)として働く。該管状構造は、ある量 の部分的重複又は末端と末端の接触のいずれかを提供するような様式で保持され るであろう。先の実施態様におけるように、適用されるところの接合圧力の量は 、組織のタイプ及び厚みに従って最適化されるであろう。熱は、円筒状のジグ又 はステントに組込まれかつ部分的重複又は末端と末端の接触にあるところの二つ の管状構造の部分に熱を与えるべく位置を定められた一つ又は複数の加熱要素に より提供されるであろう。上記において議論したように、与えられる熱及び圧力 の量は、最小量の付随的損傷で確実な吻合 を作り出すために必要な最小量である。 このデバイスの他の実施態様は、固体状の器官、例えば、肝臓又は腎臓の「コ ア」生検を得るために適する、環状の機械的切断要素を採用するであろう。一末 端において鋭いエッジを持つ円筒様形状をしたこの環状の機械的切断要素は、円 筒の外側に電気的抵抗要素を組込むであろう。この電気的抵抗要素は、抵抗物質 の薄いフィルム形状であり得る。組織の機械的切断が、組織中に円筒状のカッタ ーを回転すること又は押し付けることにより実行されたので、カッターにより作 られた軌跡に沿う止血は、カッターの外側の加熱要素により達成されるであろう 。円筒状のカッターは、取り除かれる組織コアサンプルがコアの外側における加 熱要素の熱効果からしゃ断されるような材質により作り上げられ、又はそのよう な材質の層を組込まれるであろう。このデザインは、熱変化により破壊されない ところの組織試料の回収を可能にし、かつまた、生検の領域に沿って確実な止血 を可能にするであろう。このデバイスにおいて、該軌跡の組織上に円筒状の壁に より働かされる横方向の圧力は、明確には制御されることはできず、しかし、圧 力があり、そしてその圧力は止血達成の要素である。 本発明の更なる実施態様において、環状の切断輪は、組織、例えば皮膚を切断 するために機械的に回転されるであろう。この環状の切断輪は、その縁に沿って 、電気的抵抗性の薄いフィルムを組込むであろう。この電気的抵抗要素は、回転 機械輪が組織を切る時に、止血を提供するであろ う。 本発明のより更なる実施態様において、膨らませることができる弾力性のある 風船が、組織に熱及び圧力を与えるために使用され得る。風船の外表面は、可と う性の、任意的に引き伸ばし可能な、電流が与えられたとき加熱するであろうと ころの電気的抵抗物質により部分的に又は全体的に被覆されるであろう。ここで 、組織に働かされる圧力は、風船の膨張圧力の調節により制御され得る。 本発明の他の実施態様は、結腸内視術のために使用されるような内視鏡的「熱 生検」鉗子における改善である。標準の「熱生検」鉗子は、慣用の電気外科的電 源を使用し、そして不幸なことに、鉗子のジョーの外側であるところの腸壁の組 織の過剰な焼灼の故に腸壁の貫通に関する懸念を伴う。「熱生検」鉗子の我々の 実施態様は、鉗子のジョーの噛み付き部分(「歯」)の内側の部分にのみ電気的抵 抗要素を組込むであろう。鉗子のジョーの残りの部分は、隣接する組織に断熱を 提供するであろう材質により作られるであろう。このように、生検試料が良好な 止血を伴って得られることができ、そして鉗子の外側において隣接する組織を不 注意に焼灼すること(これは、穿孔をもたらし得る)から保護される。 本発明の更なる他の実施態様は、結腸内視術の間に使用されるところのポリー プ切除係蹄(snare)に対する物理的外観及び機械的機能において類似する係蹄 型デバイスであろう。単一極の電気外科的電源を使用するところの慣用 の係蹄とは異なって、この実施態様の係蹄は、組織を係蹄で除去するところの実 際の輪を作るために使用されるワイヤ又はバンドの部分のためにワイヤ又はバン ドの内側の部分に使用された電気的抵抗物質を有するであろうところの特別に構 成されたワイヤ又はバンドを使用するであろう。この実施態様は、電流が柄(st alk)を下って又はポリープの基部を通って広がることができ、及び下にある腸 壁に損傷そして貫通さえ引起すかもしれないところの慣用の電気外科的係蹄とは 反対に、係蹄内に捕らえられている組織物質中に熱エネルギーを向ける傾向があ る。 該デバイスは、外科手術に使用されることができ、かつ腹腔鏡的及び内視鏡的 外科手術にとりわけ良く適している。我々の方法が、組織タンパク質の変性及び 互いの粘着を得ることに一致する、最小量の熱エネルギーを最低温度で使用する 故に、この方法に基づいて働くデバイスは、慣用の外科的エネルギーデバイスよ り効率的に機能できるであろう。それゆえ、これらのデバイスは、ポータブルか つバッテリー電力供給でさえあり得、これは、それらをポータブル又は軍隊での 適用のために理想的に適合させる。 同時の熱エネルギー及び圧力の組合せ、タンパク質変性を作り出すために十分 ではあるが過剰ではないところの温度及び圧力、及び処理領域を超えて周囲の組 織への熱エネルギーの損失を最小にしながら処理される組織を互いに貼り付ける ことを促進するところの物理的配置及び構造材料により、外科手術的凝固、シー ル、結合又は切断を得るこ とを特に得ようとするところのデバイス又は方法は先行技術にはない。 図面の簡単な説明 付随する図面と関連させて以下の記載が参照され、ここで: 図1は本発明の一実施態様の略図である; 図1Aはジョーが閉じられた位置での図1の実施態様の線I−Iに沿った断面で ある; 図2は、図1の実施態様における下側ジョーの部分断面正面図であり、加熱およ び切断要素を示す; 図3は本発明の他の実施態様の平面図である; 図4および5は図3の実施態様の断面図である; 図6および6Aは本発明のさらに別の実施態様のそれぞれ平面図および部分拡大 図である; 図7および7Aは本発明の他の実施態様のそれぞれ平面図および部分断面図であ る; 図8は本発明のさらに別の実施態様の部分断面図である; 図9はさらに別の実施態様の平面図である; 図10は図9の実施態様の部分断面正面図である;および、 図11は組織を加熱および焼灼するための本発明の他の実施態様の平面図である。 発明の詳細な説明 本発明は、おそらく図面からよりよく理解される。 図1は本発明の略図であり、該図は上側ジョー(jaw)10、下側ジョー12、該ジ ヨーを開け及び閉じるためのレバー20を有するハンドル18に取り付けられた細長 くされたシャフト14を示す。上側ジョー10はバネ支持部材13に蝶番11で取り付け られて、そしてバネ15は上側ジョー10およびバネ支持部材13の双方に取り付けら れて、上側ジョー10をずらす。レバー20はロッド21を介して上側ジョー10または 上側ジョー10および下側ジョー12の双方に操作可能に接続されている。シャフト 14のハンドル18に最も近い端部には、(1)プッシャー16が備えられ、それは部材 17及びコネクター23を介して下側ジョー12内に格納された(housed)切断ナイフ ブレード19に接続されており、および(2)トリガー22が備えられ、プッシャー16 を駆動し、それは切断ナイフブレード19を駆動する。ハンドル18の下側端部18に は充電可能なバッテリーパック24が備えられ、それは加熱要素アクチュエーター 27および下側ジョー12内の加熱ワイヤ要素26に繰作可能に接続されている。 図1Aにおいて、組織部分25がジョー10と12の間に挟まれ、ブレード19によって 切断される。 図2は下側ジョーの平面図であり、ジョー12内の加熱ワイヤ要素26および切断 ブレード19のためのスロット28の相対的位置を示す。加熱ワイヤ要素26は、該ワ イヤが実質的にジョー12の表面と同じ高さであるような深さの溝内部に在る。好 ましくは、組織の平行な2つの部分のみ がシールされるように、加熱ワイヤ要素26の遠位部分29は、加熱ワイヤ要素26の 面の下部または面からはずれて(out of)いる。加熱ワイヤ要素26(それは、好ま しくはニクロムまたはいかなる他の適した電気抵抗性金属または合金、または電 気抵抗性薄膜またはコーティングからなる)は、好ましくは適した熱伝導性の、 電気抵抗性の、付着性でない(non-stick)コーティングを有する。例は、ポリ テトラフロロエチレン(PTFE)、例えばTEFLON(商標)または調理用具に用いられ ている他の付着性でないコーティングを含む。さらに、上側ジョー10および下側 ジョー12の向かい合った表面の一または両方は、任意的に、波形が付けられ、不 規則であり、または溝が付けられていてよい。 上側および下側ジョーの両方は、例えばセラミックのような物質からなり、そ れは熱的に絶縁され又は熱的に反射性である。このようにして、加熱要素によっ て生成される熱はジョーとジョーの間の空間に閉じ込められ、そして、ジョーの 外側と接触し得る他の組織へと広がること、または輻射することができない。こ れは2つの意味で利点である:第1に、加熱要素により生成された熱は効率的に 使用されて所望されたシーリングまたは凝固を行ない、および、第2に周囲の組 織を不注意な熱的損傷から守る。 当業者によって認められるように、本発明に従い、加熱、圧力、及び/又は切 断機能は、機械的、電子機械的、または電子的に同調されて最適な結果を得るこ とが可能である。 さらに、図1、1A及び2に示されたデバイスは、任意にカッター要素を有して いなくてよい。そのようなデバイスは、組織をつなぐために、またはさもなくば 組織を加熱および焼灼して凝固を生成するために、加熱および圧力のみが必要で ある状態を企図される。 図3及び4に示される実施態様において、円筒状部材30は同心的にロッド32の 周囲に位置され、その遠位部分はアンビル33(anvil)を形成する。円筒状部材30 の遠位表面は、加熱要素34内部において同心的に配置された環状加熱要素34およ び環状切断要素35を含む。アンビル33はロッド32が近位に動かされたときに、ア ンビル33の近位の環状エッジ36が加熱要素34と協動して組織を凝固またはシール するように構成されている。 図3および4の実施態様の使用は、図5によって理解され、そこにおいて、例 えば、腸の2つの部分38,39が互いに結合されるべく置かれている。最初に、各 部分38,39の一端がロッド32の周囲の結紮糸(ligatures)40、41と緩く結合され る。次いで、ロッド32が遠位に動かされてアンビル33の環状エッジ36が腸の部分 38,39を加熱要素34と接触させる。腸の部分38,39が互いに結合され、そして余 分の組織が切断要素35によって切り取られる。ロッド32は次いでさらに近位方向 に引かれて余分の組織、円筒状部位30およびアンビル33を除去する。 加えて、熱および圧力によって環状の吻合を作るための図3〜5に示されるデ バイスは、ステープル等の機械的固 定要素をさらに含むことができる。そのようなデバイスが図6および6Aに示さ れ、そこにおいて、環状ステープリングデバイス42は、メインシャフト43、ハン ドル44、ステープルハウジング45、およびアンビル46を含む。アンビル46は固定 的にアンビルシャフト47の遠位端に取り付けられており、それはステープルハウ ジング45、メインシャフト43、およびハンドル44内部において、可動的に摺動可 能である。 スデープルハウジング45の遠位表面48はステープル(図示せず)および電気的に 抵抗性のコーティングまたは部材50のためのスロット49を有する。カッティング エッジ52を有する内側の環状部材51は、図6Aにおいてより明瞭に見ることができ るようにアンビルシャフト47の回りに円周状に配置される。任意に、スロット49 およびコーティング50は同一の拡がりを有することができる。 ハンドル44はアンビル46および加熱要素49を操作する手段およびステープルを 打ち出す手段を含む。当業者によって理解されるように、ステープル打込みレバ ーまたは部材53はステープリングハウジング45内で円筒状押し出し部材に操作的 に結合されており、スロット49からステープルを放出する。 環状ステープリングデバイスの操作は、図3に示されるデバイスの操作と、結 合されるべき組織中にステープルが打ち込まれることを除き類似している。好ま しくは、ステープルはシーリングに次いで、且つ切断と同時に打ち込 まれる。ステープルは熱エネルギーと共に作用して、組織のシール、ジョイント またはボンドを強くし、一方熱エネルギーは該ステープルの止血能を強める。ス テープルまたは環状以外の形態、例えば直線状、または角度付けられた形状の他 の機械的組織ファスナーを熱エネルギーシーリングと共に用いることができる。 図7は基本的に組織コア除去デバイスであるところの本発明の実施態様を示す 。組織コア除去デバイス56は固定的に取り付けられた近位に延びるハンドル60を 有する円筒状部材58を含む。円筒状部材58は円筒状部材58の外側表面66の上に配 置された鋭利な切断エッジ62および加熱要素64を含む。 上記載と調和して、組織サンプルは、デバイス56を前方に動かすにつれ回転し ながら、除去デバイス56を組織内に挿入することによって得られる。該回転は時 計回りまたは反時計回りのいずれかであることができるが、エッジ62が切断する ために十分な圧力と伴に、好ましくは交互に時計回り及び反時計回りである。加 熱要素64は除去されるべき組織サンプルに隣接した組織を焼灼またはシールし、 十分な深さの組織サンプルがシリンダー58内部に置かれた時、デバイス56が取り 除かれる。従来行われているるように、除去デバイス56は組織サンプルを除去す る手段、例えば除去デバイス56の遠位端から該サンプルを放出するための、近位 に延びるアクチュエーター60を有する内部ピストン59を好ましくは含む。当業者 に理解され るように、組織コア除去デバイスは、追加の切断手段を、コア組織サンプルを組 織マスから分離するのを援助するために、その遠位端に任意に有していてよい。 図8において、電気熱的バイオプシーニードルの遠位部分70は、組織サンプル 78を捕獲するためのスロット76を有する内部のスロットを切られた筆状突起74の 周囲に、外周的に、摺動可能に配置された外側の切断シース72を含む。該外側シ ース72は切断エッジ73を有し、それは、該外側シース72がアクチュエーター(図 示せず)により遠位に推進されるとき、組織サンプル78を残余の組織マス(図示 せず)から分離し、及び、サンプル78をスロット76内に閉じ込める。 外側シース72は、その遠位部分に、電気的に抵抗性の膜75コーティングを好ま しくは有する。膜75は、空間で隔たれた電気接点またはコネクター77を有してい てよい。筆状突起74が内側切断部材(図示せず)を有するところの、バイオプシ ーニードルの他の実施態様において、該筆状突起または該内側切断部材、または その双方は、電気抵抗性のコーティングまたは膜を有していてよい。 本発明の上記態様は公知のバイオプシーデバイスに組み込むことができる。例 えば、米国特許第4,600,014号および第5,595,185号を見よ。これら双方ともに、 バイオプシーに関するそれらの記載を参照することにより本明細書に含まれる。 図9および10は本発明の環状切断の態様を示し、そこ では、鋭利な外側エッジ82を有するディスク80がその中心において、ハンドル88 のフォーク86に回転可能に固定されているロッド84に取り付けられている。エッ ジ82に隣接するのは、環状加熱要素90であり、それはディスク80の一または両面 上に在ることができる。各々の加熱要素90は、フォーク86に電気的に、例えば1 または2以上のブラッシ91を介して、接続されている。 図11は、加熱および焼灼デバイス92がカテーテル94およびカテーテル94の遠位 端に封止的に(sealingly)取り付けられた膨張可能なバルーン96を含むところの 本発明の実施態様を表す。カテーテル94は、少なくとも1つの内腔98を有し、そ れは膨張または収縮させるためにバルーン96と流体連結している。カテーテル94 の近位端は、バルーン96を膨張または収縮させるために、調整された圧力源また は膨張源(図示せず)と流体連結している。 バルーン96は電気的抵抗性の膜コーティング100を有し、その少なくとも2つ の離れた部分は、カテーテル94に沿って近位にまたはカテーテル94の中を電源10 4まで延びるワイヤ102に接続されている。電気的に抵抗性の膜コーティング100 は、バルーン96外表面の全部では無いにせよ、かなりの部分を蓋うように意図さ れる。 使用に際し、収縮されたバルーン96を有するデバイス92は患者の体内で、例え ば体内的にまたは経皮的に操作されて、焼灼すべき部位に隣接してバルーン96が 配置される。次いで、焼灼すべき場所に電気的に抵抗性の膜コー ティング100が接触するようにバルーン96が膨張させられると、膜コーティング1 00は源104からの電気的エネルギーを与えられる。熱および圧力が所望された効 果を産んだ後、電力が切られ、そして取り出しを容易にするために、バルーンが 収縮される。 図3〜10に示す本発明の実施態様に関して、各々の加熱要素は適切な電力供給 源へと電気的に接続されることが理解されるべきである。各々の場合において、 電力供給源はバッテリーまたはバッテリーパックであることができ、それは各々 のデバイスに固定的に取り付けられまたは一体化されることが想起される。任意 に、バッテリーまたはバッテリーパックは、例えば作業者が身に付けるためのク リップまたはベルト手段のように、分離して据え付けられまたは配置されること ができる。他の標準的な電力源、例えばトランス、も使用してよいことは本発明 の範囲内である。他の熱源、例えばブタンのような燃料、または化学反応、を使 用してもよい。 上述したように、本発明の一の側面は、最大の組織シール強度および最小の付 随する組織損傷を達成するために、(1)熱エネルギーの適用、すなわち、温度及 び時間、および(2)圧力、すなわち、力及び継続時間の最適化に関する。当業者 は、有用なパラメータは大きく異なることを認めるであろう。 しかし、人間組織への実際的な適用において、約0.5〜約14ボルト、好ましく は約1〜約12ボルトの電圧、が蛋 白質を変性させるのに適した温度へと組織を加熱する熱エネルギーを生成するの に十分な抵抗を有する加熱要素に適用される。この温度は約45〜約100℃の範囲 である。適用される圧力は、癒合を与えるに十分であるが、組織そのものをつぶ すまたは破壊するよりも小さい。 組織の凝固、シール、吻合、または溶接の強さは実験的に測定される。例えば 、裂けた血管の側面に作られた凝固の強さは、最初に凝固を作り、そして、測定 された大きさの静止圧を血管の内側に、凝固が破裂しそして出血が再開するまで 与えることにより実験的に測定することができる。組織溶接の強さは、最初に2 つの組織を結合し、そして該結合された組織を、増加し且つ測定された大きさの 力で組織を引き離そうとする機械の中へと置くことにより測定することができる 。付随する熱損傷も測定できる量であり、すなわち、付随する熱損傷の量は目視 によりまたは顕微鏡で容易に評価できる。この方法を用いることにより、最適化 されたパラメータの表を、いかなるタイプの組織についても、作ることができる 。これらのパラメータは、凝固、シーリング、結合プロセスの間の、加熱要素の 電圧、電流、および抵抗、および、組織を互いに押し付けるための圧力量、なら びに該プロセスの持続時間、も選択することにより種々のデバイスに取り込まれ る。これらのパラメータは単にデバイス中に取り込まれることができる(すなわ ち、簡易な機械的タイマー、固定プリセット電圧および電流、およびバネが積載 された圧力デバイス、または、我々はROM 中の「探索表(look-up table)」に導かれ、及び高度な機械的力/圧力センサー および歪みゲージを用いることによって、加熱プロセスのマイクロプロセッサー 制御に基づく、より柔軟性で活動的な制御を組込むことができる)。さらに、あ る用途については、熟練した作業者に、目視すたは他の感知手段により、エネル ギーを与える時間および必要な圧力量を決定させるだけで十分で有り得る。 本発明のデバイスは、何らかの適した物質により作られてよく、当業者にとっ て周知であるような、例えば、ガラスファイバー強化ポリカーボネートのような 強化エンジニアリングプラスチックまたは機械加工できる乃至は射出成形された セラミックス、または高温ガラスまたはエポキシ、または雲母から作られてよい 。あるいは、適した合金鋼、例えば318ステンレス鋼等から作られてよい。加熱 要素は簡易な抵抗性ワイヤまたは、電導性または半電導性の金属、有機金属、ま たは有機物質からなる薄膜またはコーティングであってよい。作製のための実際 の物質は、デバイスが繰り返しまたは使い捨てで使用されるかに依存して選択で きる。実際、後者の場合、デバイスの種々の部分は金属合金及び/又はプラスチ ックで作られてよいと考えられ、その場合、プラスチックの使い捨て部品は、各 使用後に捨てられ且つより高価な金属合金部分が再使用される。複雑なおよび高 価な制御回路が使用される場合には、デバイスのこの部分は再使用可能なように 作られることができる。 上の記載に含まれ、且つ添付する図面に示された総て の事項は、例示として、限定する趣旨ではないものとして解釈されるべきである 。また、以下の請求の範囲は、本明細書に記載された発明の一般的及び特定の特 徴、及び、文言上はその間から洩れると言われるかもしれない発明範囲の記述の 総てを網羅するものと理解される。
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Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1.組織をシールおよび切断するためのデバイスにおいて、 遠位端および近位端を有する細長い部材であって、その近位端がハンドルに取 り付けられているところの部材、 それぞれ遠位端および近位端を有しかつそれぞれ作業表面を有する、二つの対 向して位置されている上側および下側ジョー部材であって、上記細長い部材の遠 位端に位置されかつ回転可能に互いに対し取り付けられているところのジョー部 材、 ひとつのジョー部材の作業表面の内にまたは該表面に隣接して位置されている 切断手段および 少なくともひとつのジョー部材の作業表面の内にまたは該表面の上に位置され る加熱要素 を含むところのデバイス。 2.切断手段がブレードを有し、該ブレードが切断ブレードアクチュエーターに 操作可能に接続されている、請求項1のデバイス。 3.ハンドルに取り付けられかつ加熱要素に電気的に接続されているバッテリー パックをさらに含む、請求項1のデバイス。 4.加熱要素が、電気抵抗性のワイヤである、請求項1のデバイス。 5.加熱要素アクチュエーターが加熱要素に操作可能に接続されている、請求項 1のデバイス。 6.少なくともひとつのジョー部材に操作可能に接続されているジョー部材アク チベーターをさらに含む、請求項1のデバイス。 7.使い捨てできる、請求項1のデバイス。 8.組織を切るための方法において、 (a)請求項1のデバイスの開いたジョー内に組織を位置付けること、 (b)ジョーを閉じて組織を所定位置に保持すること、 (c)加熱要素を発動して、組織の一部を変性させかつ互いにシールさせもしく は結合させること、そして、 (d)切断手段を発動して、組織のシールされた領域間で組織を切断すること の工程を含む方法。 9.工程(b)および(c)において、付随する組織損傷を最小にしながら組織 シール強度を最大にするべく最適の圧力下で最適の時間かつ最適の温度で組織が 加熱される、請求項8の方法。 10.組織を結合するためのデバイスにおいて、 互いに隣接する、組織の第一のおよび第二のセクションを保持するためのホル ダー、 組織を加熱するための、ホルダー内の加熱要素、および 圧力を発生するための、ホルダーと結びついた圧力手段、 を含み ここで、付随する組織への損傷を最小にしながら組織シールまたは結合の強度を 最大にするべく最適の圧力下で最適 の時間かつ最適の温度で組織のセクションが加熱されるところの方法。 11.組織を結合するための方法において、 互いに結合されるべきひとつの領域をそれぞれ有する組織の二つのセクション を位置付けて、該領域が互いに隣接するようにすること、そして 結合またはシールの強度が最大化されかつ付随する組織への在りうる損傷が最 小化されるように組織の該領域を互いに結合させるべく、最適の熱エネルギーお よび最適の圧力を適用すること を含む方法。 12.組織の管状セクションを結合するためのデバイスにおいて、 近位端および遠位端を有するロッド部材であって、該遠位端は中空の実質的に 半球状のセクションを有し、該中空のセクションは近位に向きかつ環状のエッジ を有するところのロッド部材、 該ロッド部材を同心状に取り囲みかつ近位端および遠位端を有する第一の円柱 状部材であって、該遠位端が内側の環状切断エッジを有するところの第一の円柱 状部材、および 該第一の円柱状部材を同心状に取り囲みかつ近位端および遠位端を有する第二 の円柱状部材であって、該遠位端が環状の加熱要素を有するところの第二の円柱 状部材を有し、 ここで該ロッド部材は、該円柱状部材内で可動であり、半球状セクションの環状 エッジは該加熱要素と協働する ところのデバイス。 13.環状の加熱要素が電力源に電気的に接続されている請求項12のデバイス 。 14.組織を吻合するための方法において、 (a)請求項12のデバイスのロッドの周りに、近位端および遠位端を有する第 一の円筒状組織セクションの遠位端を位置付けること、 (b)第一の円筒状組織セクションの遠位端に遠位の該ロッドの周りに、近位端 および遠位端を有する第二の円筒状組織セクションの近位端を位置付けること、 (c)実質的に半球状のセクションを近位方向に動かして、該実質的に半球状の セクションをして第一の円筒状組織セクションの遠位部分および第二の円筒状組 織セクションの近位部分を加熱要素に対して押し付けること、 (d)工程(c)からの組織セクションを加熱して、組織セクションを互いに結 合すること、そして、 (e)内側の環状エッジを遠位方向に動かして、不必要な組織を切断すること の工程を含む方法。 15.付随する組織損傷を最小にしながら組織シール強度を最大にするべく最適 の圧力下で最適の時間かつ最適の温度で組織が加熱される請求項14の方法。 16.組織コアサンプル採取器において、 近位端および遠位端を有する円柱状部材であって、該遠位端が切断エッジを有 するところの円柱状部材、および 該円柱状部材の近位端に固定的に結合されているハンドルを有し、 ここで円柱状部材は、電力源に電気的に接続されている加熱要素を含む外側表面 を有するところの 組織コアサンプル採取器。 17.組織カッターにおいて、 ひとつの鋭い外側エッジおよび二つの外側表面を有する環状ディスク、ここで 該外側表面の一つまたは二つは該鋭い外側エッジの近傍に位置付けられている環 状加熱要素を有している、 ディスクの中心に回転可能に結合されているハンドル、および 各加熱要素に電気的に結合されている電力源 を有する組織カッター。 18.組織をシールするためのデバイスにおいて、 (a)遠位端および近位端を有する細長い部材であって、その近位端はハンドル に取り付けられている部材、 (b)それぞれ遠位端および近位端を有しかつそれぞれ作業表面を有する、二つ の対向して位置されている上側および下側ジョー部材であって、該ジョー部材は 上記細長い部材の遠位端に位置されかつそれらのそれぞれの近位端において回転 可能に互いに対し取り付けられているところのジ ョー部材、および (c)少なくともひとつのジョー部材の作業表面の内にまたは該表面の上に位置 される加熱要素 を有するデバイス。 19.ハンドルに取り付けられかつ加熱要素に電気的に接続されているバッてリ ーパックをさらに含む、請求項18のデバイス。 20.加熱要素アクチュエーターが加熱要素に操作可能に接続されている、請求 項18のデバイス。 21.ジョー部材が該細長い部材に固定的に結合されている、請求項18のデバ イス。 22.少なくともひとつのジョー部材に操作可能に接続されているジョー部材ア クチュエーターをさらに含む、請求項18のデバイス。 23.使い捨てできる、請求項18のデバイス。 24.組織セクションを結合するためのデバイスであって、該組織セクションが 互いに近接して位置付けられており、かつステープルが該組織セクション内に互 いに打ち込まれて、それらを互いに結合するところのデバイスにおいて、 付随する組織損傷を最小にしながら組織シール強度を最大にするべく最適の圧 力下で最適の時間かつ最適の温度で該組織セクションを加熱するための加熱要素 および圧力手段をデバイスが含むことを特徴とするデバイス。 25.組織セクションを結合するためのデバイスであって、該組織セクションが 互いに近接して位置付けられており、 ステープルが該組織セクション内に打ち込まれて、それらを互いに結合し、かつ 不必要な組織が除去されるところのデバイスにおいて、 付随する組織損傷を最小にしながら組織シール強度を最大にするべく最適の圧 力下で最適の時間かつ最適の温度で該組織セクションを加熱するための加熱要素 および圧力手段をデバイスが含むことを特徴とするデバイス。
JP53881898A 1997-03-05 1998-03-05 組織をシールおよび結合または切断するための電熱デバイス Pending JP2001514541A (ja)

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ES2279570T3 (es) 2007-08-16
CA2283392A1 (en) 1998-09-11
EP1011494A1 (en) 2000-06-28
CA2283392C (en) 2009-06-30
DE69836817D1 (de) 2007-02-15
EP1011494A4 (en) 2001-03-28
BR9808202A (pt) 2005-02-09
ATE349954T1 (de) 2007-01-15
EP1011494B1 (en) 2007-01-03
JP4887257B2 (ja) 2012-02-29
AU6448798A (en) 1998-09-22
WO1998038935A1 (en) 1998-09-11
PT1011494E (pt) 2007-04-30
JP2008043789A (ja) 2008-02-28
DE69836817T2 (de) 2007-10-11
CA2666051A1 (en) 1998-09-11

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