JP2001264750A - Liquid crystal display panel, method for driving the same, image display device, projection type display device, view finder, light receiving method and light transmitter device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that when external light is dark, the display image of a conventional reflection type liquid crystal display panel is dark and when external light is bright, the display image of a conventional transmission type liquid crystal display panel is hardly recognized. SOLUTION: A pixel electrode 14 consisting of a transparent electrode is disposed so as to overlap source signal lines 25. A reflection films 26 are formed at a peripheral part of the pixel electrode 14. Color filters 17 are formed under the pixel electrode 14 and a counter electrode 15. The display panel functions as a transmission type panel by light passing through an opening part and the display panel functions as a reflection type panel by light reflected by the reflection film 26. Light passing through the opening part 22 passes through two color filters 17 and light reflected by the reflection film 26 passes through the cooler filter 17 under the counter electrode 15 twice. Thus, the same color purity and excellent color reproducibility can be obtained whether the display panel is used as the reflection type panel or the transmission type panel.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display panel capable of realizing high light use efficiency in both a transmission mode and a reflection mode, and a liquid crystal for displaying an image by changing a traveling direction of incident light by changing a refractive index of a liquid crystal layer. The present invention relates to a display panel, a viewfinder using such a liquid crystal display panel as a light valve, and a projection display device.

A method of driving these liquid crystal display panels, an image display device using these liquid crystal display panels as a monitor, and an optical transmission method for efficiently transmitting and reproducing data to and from these image display devices. And an optical transmission device.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art Liquid crystal display panels are widely used in portable devices and the like because of their advantages of being thin and having low power consumption. Therefore, devices such as word processors, personal computers, televisions (TVs), and viewfinders for video cameras are used. , Monitors, etc. In recent years, a reflective liquid crystal display panel using external light as a light source without using a backlight has been adopted.

[0004]

However, a reflection type liquid crystal display panel utilizing external light has a drawback that a display image becomes extremely dark when external light is dark. On the other hand, in the case of a transmissive liquid crystal display panel, there is a drawback that a display image cannot be seen at all when the external light is bright.

The present invention solves these drawbacks. When the external light is small, the backlight can be turned on and used as a transmission type, and when the external light is strong, the backlight can be used as a reflection type. .

[0006]

The liquid crystal display panel of the present invention has an insulating film formed on a source signal line and a pixel electrode formed on the insulating film. Further, a color filter is formed below the image electrode. A reflection film is mainly formed at a portion where the source signal line and the pixel electrode overlap, and this is used as a reflection electrode. In addition, the central part of the pixel is configured to have optical transparency.

Since the source signal line is formed of a metal film,
In the case of the transmission type, it could not be used as a light modulation portion. However, in the present invention, by forming a reflective film on this portion, it can be used as a reflective electrode. Therefore, it can be used as an effective light modulation part.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present specification, some drawings are omitted or / and enlarged / reduced in order to facilitate understanding and / or drawing. For example, in the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1, the liquid crystal layer 18 is shown to be sufficiently thick. In FIG. 66 and the like, a cooling device and the like are omitted.
The above applies to the following drawings. Also,
The parts with the same numbers or symbols have the same or similar forms or materials or functions or operations.

Note that the contents described in each drawing and the like can be combined with other embodiments and the like without any particular notice. For example, the external light capturing unit 521 shown in FIG. 52 can be added to the liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG. 1, and a display device in which the display panel shown in FIG. 19 and the viewfinder shown in FIG. 62 are combined can be configured. In addition, the lighting device in FIG. 26 can be adopted as the display device in FIG. FIG.
Can be added to the viewfinder of FIG. 62). That is, the matters described in the drawings and the specification of the display panel and the like according to the embodiment of the present invention are as follows.
The display devices and the like according to the embodiments combined with each other can be configured without being separately described.

As described above, even if not specifically exemplified in the specification, matters described or explained in the specification and drawings,
The contents and specifications can be described in the claims in combination with each other. This is because it is impossible to describe all combinations in a specification or the like.

A liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. On the array substrate 11, source signal lines 25 and gate signal lines 24
(Not shown) are formed so as to be orthogonal. The signal lines and the like are made of a metal material such as aluminum (Al). An insulating film 19 is formed on these signal lines, and the pixel electrode 14 is formed on the insulating film 19. Pixel electrode 1
Reference numeral 4 is composed of a transparent electrode such as ITO.

The insulating film 19 is formed by performing sputtering twice or more to prevent generation of pinholes. In particular, in order to suppress the coupling between the source signal line 25 and the pixel electrode 14, it is preferable to use a material having a low relative dielectric constant.

For example, a fluorine-doped amorphous carbon film (dielectric constant: 2.0 to 2.5) is exemplified. Other examples include the LKD series (LKD-T200 series (relative permittivity 2.5 to 2.7) and LKD-T400 series (relative permittivity 2.0 to 2.2)) of JSR. LKD
The series is MSQ (methy-silsesquio)
xane) and a low dielectric constant of 2.0 to 2.7, which is preferable. In addition, organic materials such as polyimide, urethane, and acrylic, SiN _x , S
An inorganic material such as iO ₂ may be used.

A gate signal line 24, a source signal line 25,
The outer peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 14 overlaps via the insulating film 19. At the intersection of the gate signal line 24 and the source signal line 25, a thin film transistor (TFT) 91 (not shown) as a switching element for applying a video signal to the pixel electrode 14 is formed.

The gate signal line 24 is connected to the gate terminal of the TFT 91, and the source signal line 25 is connected to the source terminal. Further, the drain terminal and the pixel electrode 14 are connected via a contact hole formed in the insulating film 19.

A reflective film 16 made of a metal thin film is formed around the pixel electrode 14. Aluminum (Al) and silver (Ag) are exemplified as a material for forming the reflective film 16. However, a direct contact between Al and ITO causes a battery action, so a buffer thin film of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr) or the like is formed in the middle.

The reflection film (insulating film) 19 is formed on the gate signal line 2.
4. The source signal line 25 is formed on the TFT 91. Further, the light transmission region 22 is formed so as to be surrounded by the reflection film 16. On the reflection film 19, fine projections 26 are formed. The height of the projection 26 is 0.5 μm or more and 1.5 μm or less. The convex portion 26 is formed by making the insulating film 19 uneven, using a color filter 17 mixed with a material for forming a convex portion such as beads, and forming the convex portion 26 directly on the reflective film 16. can do.

A gate electrode, an additional capacitance electrode, a gate insulating film, a semiconductor layer, a channel protection layer, a source electrode, and a drain electrode are sequentially formed on the array substrate 11 on soda, quartz, glass, or the like, and are patterned. TFT91
To form In particular, the source signal line 25 is formed by laminating a gate signal line forming material and a source signal line forming material to reduce occurrence of defects due to disconnection.

A photosensitive insulating material is applied on the TFT 91 with a thickness of 2 μm to 6 μm by a spinner. Exposure is performed through a mask, and etching treatment is performed using an alkaline solution. At the same time, a contact hole is formed.

Next, a transparent conductive film such as ITO which becomes the pixel electrode 14 is formed by sputtering, and at the same time, the pixel electrode 14 and the drain terminal of the TFT 91 are electrically connected through the contact hole.

After the formation of the pixel electrode 14, as shown in FIG.
The reflection film 16 is formed mainly on the periphery of the pixel. Reflective film
16 Al and the ITO of the pixel electrode 14 are in direct contact
Between the reflective film 16 and the pixel electrode 14 to prevent the
Al_TwoO_Three, Ta_TwoO_Three, SiO _Two, SiN_xAbsence consisting of
An edge film may be formed. In this case, the reflection film 16 and the pixel
As shown in FIG. 2, in order to electrically connect with the electrode 14,
The connection is made via the contact hole 23. Also, reflective film
A projection 26 is formed on the substrate 16. The convex part 26 has a random shape
The projection 26 may be formed in an uneven shape.

The shape of the light transmitting section 22 is H as shown in FIG.
It is preferable to make the shape of a polygon such as a letter. This is because, if the light transmitting portion 22 is square, only a very small part of the pixel appears to transmit light, which degrades image display quality.

A color filter 17 is provided below the pixel electrode 14.
Xa (17Ra, 17Ga, 17Ba) is formed.
The color filter 17Xa also functions as a flattening film, and has an effect of suppressing the occurrence of unevenness on the pixel surface due to unevenness of the source signal line 25, the TFT 91, and the like. As shown in FIG. 16 (at the same time), a recess may be formed in the array substrate 11, and a TFT, a source signal line, and the like may be formed in the recess. By forming a source signal line or the like in the recess as described above, extremely excellent flattening can be realized.

As described above, by covering the source signal line 25 and the like with the reflection film, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of light leakage due to the reverse domain or disclination of the liquid crystal molecules, and to use it in the transmission type liquid crystal display panel. The portion on the source signal line 25 that could not be used can be used as a reflection electrode. A color filter 17 is provided on the counter substrate 12.
Xb (17Rb, 17Gb, 17Bb) is formed. The counter electrode 15 is formed on the color filter 17Xb. The reason why the electrodes 15, 14 and the like are formed on the side in contact with the liquid crystal layer 18 is to make it possible to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 18 satisfactorily and to suppress the occurrence of display unevenness.

The color filter may be a color filter formed of an optical dielectric multilayer film or a color filter formed of a hologram, in addition to a color filter made of a resin dyed with gelatin or acryl. Further, the liquid crystal layer itself may be directly colored. For example, in the case of a PD liquid crystal, the resin may be colored, or the liquid crystal layer may be used in a guest-host mode.

Also, 17R means a red color filter, 17G means a green color filter, and 17B means a blue color filter, but is not limited thereto. Three primary colors such as yellow (Y) and magenta (M) may be used, and the present invention is not limited to three colors, but may be two colors, a single color, or four or more colors. The color filter is not limited to the transmission type, but may be formed of a dielectric multilayer film and may be of a reflection type. Further, a simple reflecting mirror may be used.

The light incident on the opening 22 is emitted after being incident on the color filters 17Xa and 17Xb. That is, the incident light passes through the two color filters. On the other hand, the reflected light enters the color filter 17Xb, is reflected by the reflection film 16, and then enters the color filter 17Xb again.
Emit. Therefore, both the light passing through the opening 22 and the light reflected by the reflection film 16 pass through the color filter twice. Therefore, even when the liquid crystal display panel 31 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used in a reflection type,
Even when the transmission type is used, the color purity is the same.

The color filters 17Xa and 17Xb
May be changed. The spectral distribution can be easily changed by changing the type and amount of the dye or pigment to be added. Further, it can be changed by changing the thickness of the color filter. It can be changed by changing the design value of the spectral distribution of the derivative multilayer film.

Note that the color filter 17 may be formed at a position in contact with the liquid crystal layer 18. Further, the liquid crystal layer 18 itself may be colored so as to serve also as a color filter.

A polarizing film (polarizing plate) 10 is attached to the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the display panel 31. Further, an antireflection film 21 is formed on the surface of the polarizing plate 10. The configuration in which the antireflection film 21 is formed of a dielectric single-layer film or a multilayer film is exemplified. In addition, a resin having a low refractive index of 1.35 to 1.45 may be applied.

The substrates 11, 12 may be formed of sapphire glass in order to improve the heat radiation of the substrates 11, 12. In addition, use a substrate on which a diamond thin film is formed, use a ceramic substrate such as alumina,
A metal plate made of silver, stainless steel, silicon, copper, or the like may be used.

The liquid crystal layer 18 may use an OCB mode, an ultra-high-speed TN mode having a large Δn, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal mode, or a ferroelectric liquid crystal mode in order to improve the display of moving images. When the display panel is also used as a reflection type, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal mode, ECB mode, TN liquid crystal mode, STN liquid crystal mode, hybrid mode, DSM
(Dynamic scattering mode), a cholesteric liquid crystal mode having a chiral nematic phase, or a guest-host type liquid crystal may be used.

The counter electrode 15 is formed on the counter substrate 12. The counter electrode 15 is an IPS (In Plane Switching) developed by Hitachi, etc.
In the case of the mode, since it is not necessary, it need not be formed. Further, the counter electrode 15 may be formed in a stripe shape or a dot shape. In addition, the counter electrode 15 may be formed of a metal thin film and may be a reflection film. Further, the pixel electrode may be formed in a comb electrode shape like IPS. Also,
It may be a striped electrode like a simple matrix type.

The liquid crystal layer 18 is sandwiched between the opposing substrate 12 and the array substrate 11. TN liquid crystal, ST
An N liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a guest host liquid crystal, an OCB liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal, and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (hereinafter, referred to as a PD liquid crystal) are used. When displaying moving images is not important, it is preferable to use a PD liquid crystal from the viewpoint of light use efficiency.

As the PD liquid crystal material, nematic liquid crystal,
Smectic liquid crystal and cholesteric liquid crystal are preferable,
A mixture containing one or more liquid crystal compounds or a substance other than the liquid crystal compounds may be used.

Among the liquid crystal materials described above, a cyanobiphenyl-based nematic liquid crystal having a relatively large difference between the extraordinary refractive index ne and the ordinary refractive index no, or a tran-based or chloro-based nematic liquid crystal that is stable with time. A nematic liquid crystal is preferable, and among them, a trans nematic liquid crystal is most preferable because it has good scattering characteristics and hardly changes with time.

As the resin material, a transparent polymer is preferable. As the polymer, a photo-curing type resin is used in view of easiness of the manufacturing process, separation from the liquid crystal phase, and the like. As a specific example, an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin is exemplified, and a resin containing an acrylic monomer or acrylic oligomer which is polymerized and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light is particularly preferable. Above all, a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group is preferable because the PD liquid crystal layer 18 having good scattering characteristics can be produced and a change with time hardly occurs.

The liquid crystal material preferably has an ordinary light refractive index no of 1.49 to 1.54, and more preferably has an ordinary light refractive index no of 1.50 to 1.53. This is good. Further, it is preferable to use one having a refractive index difference Δn of 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less. When no and Δn increase, heat resistance and light resistance deteriorate. When no and Δn are small, the heat resistance and light resistance are improved, but the scattering characteristics are lowered and the display contrast is not sufficient.

From the above and the result of the examination, as a constituent material of the liquid crystal material of the PD liquid crystal, the ordinary light refractive index n0 is 1.
50 to 1.53 and Δn is 0.20 or more and 0.30
It is preferable to use the following trans-nematic liquid crystal and adopt a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group as a resin material.

As such a polymer-forming monomer,
2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate, and the like.

Examples of the oligomer or prepolymer include polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate and polyurethane acrylate.

Further, a polymerization initiator may be used in order to quickly carry out the polymerization. As an example of this, 2-hydroxy-2-
Methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one (“Darocur 1173” manufactured by Merck), 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane-1-
ON ("Darocure 1116" manufactured by Merck Ltd.), 1-bidroxycyclohexylphenylketone ("Irgacure 184" manufactured by Ciba-Gaiky), benzyl methyl ketal ("Irgacure 651" manufactured by Ciba-Geigy) and the like are listed. In addition, a chain transfer agent, a photosensitizer, a dye, a cross-linking agent and the like can be appropriately used as optional components.

The refractive index np when the resin material is cured
And the ordinary refractive index no of the liquid crystal material are made to substantially match. When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer 18, liquid crystal molecules (not shown) are oriented in one direction, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 18 becomes no. Therefore, it matches the refractive index np of the resin,
The liquid crystal layer 18 enters a light transmitting state. If the difference between the refractive indices np and no is large, the liquid crystal layer 18 will not be completely in a transparent state even when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 18, and the display brightness will be reduced. The difference between the refractive indices np and no is preferably within 0.1,
More preferably, it is within 0.05.

Although the ratio of the liquid crystal material in the PD liquid crystal layer 18 is not specified here, it is generally 40% by weight to 95% by weight.
It is preferably about 60% by weight to 90% by weight. When the content is less than 40% by weight, the amount of liquid crystal droplets is small, and the scattering effect is poor. On the other hand, when the content is 95% by weight or more, the polymer and the liquid crystal tend to be phase-separated into two layers, the ratio of the interface becomes small, and the scattering characteristics are lowered.

It is preferable that the average particle size of the water-drop liquid crystal (not shown) of the PD liquid crystal or the average pore size of the polymer network (not shown) is 0.5 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less. Above all, the thickness is preferably 0.8 μm or more and 1.6 μm or less. When the light modulated by the PD liquid crystal display panel 31 has a short wavelength (for example, B light), it is small, and when it is long wavelength (for example, R light), it is large. If the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is large, the voltage to make the transmission state lower, but the scattering characteristics deteriorate. When it is small, the scattering characteristics are improved, but the voltage required for the transmission state is high.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PD liquid crystal) referred to in the embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal is dispersed in a resin, rubber, metal particles or ceramics (such as barium titanate) in the form of water droplets, resin, etc. Is a sponge (polymer network), and a liquid crystal is filled between the sponges. In addition, JP-A-6-208126, JP-A-6-202085, and JP-A-6-347818
JP, JP-A-6-250600, JP-A-5-2845
42, and those in which the resin is layered or the like as disclosed in JP-A-8-179320. Further, as in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-54390, a liquid crystal portion and a polymer portion are periodically formed. And a liquid crystal layer in which a liquid crystal component is sealed in a capsule-like storage medium as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-52843 (N
CAP). Further, a liquid crystal or a resin containing a dichroic or polychromatic dye is also included.

Further, as a similar structure, there is a structure in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned along a resin wall, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-347765. These are also called PD liquid crystals. A liquid crystal in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned and resin particles 18 are contained in the liquid crystal 18 is also a PD liquid crystal. A liquid crystal having a dielectric mirror effect by alternately forming a resin layer and a liquid crystal layer is also a PD liquid crystal.
Further, the liquid crystal layer includes not only one but also two or more layers.

That is, the PD liquid crystal generally refers to a liquid crystal layer in which the light modulating layer is composed of a liquid crystal component and other material components. The light modulation method forms an optical image mainly by scattering and transmission, but may also change the polarization state, the optical rotation state or the birefringence state, or change the diffraction state.

In the PD liquid crystal, it is desirable to form a portion (region) where the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplet or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is different in each pixel. There are two or more different areas. The TV (scattering state-applied voltage) characteristic is changed by changing the average particle diameter and the like.
That is, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the region having the first average particle diameter is first in the transmission state, and then the region having the second average particle diameter is in the transmission state. Therefore, the viewing angle is widened. In the embodiment of the present invention, it is particularly preferable to change the average particle diameter of the PD liquid crystal layer 18 on the reflective film 16 and the opening 22. One may be a TN liquid crystal and the other may be a PD liquid crystal layer or the like.

The average particle diameter and the like on the pixel electrodes are varied by periodically irradiating the mixed solution with ultraviolet rays through a mask on which patterns having different ultraviolet ray transmittances are formed.

By irradiating the panel with ultraviolet rays using a mask, the irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet rays can be made different for each pixel portion or each panel portion. If the amount of ultraviolet irradiation per hour is small, the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplets becomes large, and if it is large, it becomes small. There is a correlation between the diameter of the water-droplet liquid crystal and the wavelength of light, and if the diameter is too small or too large, the scattering characteristics are reduced. Average particle size 0.5μ for visible light
The range is preferably from m to 2.0 μm. More preferably, the range is 0.7 μm or more and 1.5 μm or less.

The average particle diameter of each pixel or each panel is different from each other by 0.1 to 0.3 μm. The intensity of the ultraviolet light to be irradiated greatly varies depending on the wavelength of the ultraviolet light, the material and the composition of the liquid crystal solution, or the panel structure.

As a method for forming the PD liquid crystal layer, the periphery of the two substrates is sealed with a sealing resin, and then the mixed solution is injected under pressure or under vacuum through the injection hole, and the resin is irradiated with ultraviolet rays or heated. There is a method of curing and phase-separating a liquid crystal component and a resin component. In addition, after dropping the mixed solution on the substrate, sandwiching the other one of the substrates, and then rolling, the mixed solution to a uniform film thickness, curing the resin by irradiating ultraviolet rays or heating, the liquid crystal There is a method of phase-separating the component and the resin component.

Further, after the mixed solution is applied on the substrate by a roll quota or a spinner, it is sandwiched between the other substrates, and the resin is cured by irradiating or heating with ultraviolet rays to separate the liquid crystal component from the resin component. There is a way. Further, there is also a method in which after a mixed solution is applied onto a substrate with a roll quarter or a spinner, the liquid crystal component is washed once and a new liquid crystal component is injected into the polymer network. Alternatively, there is a method in which a mixed solution is applied to a substrate, phase-separated by ultraviolet rays or the like, and then the other substrate and a liquid crystal layer are bonded with an adhesive.

In addition, the light modulating layer 18 of the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to one kind of light modulating layer, but may include a plurality of PD liquid crystal layers and a TN liquid crystal layer or a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer. The light modulation layer may be composed of the above layers. Further, a glass substrate or a film may be provided between the first liquid crystal layer and the second liquid crystal layer. The light modulation layer may be composed of three or more layers. Each layer may have a different hue or may be colored with a different color.

In this specification, the liquid crystal layer 18 is a PD liquid crystal. However, the liquid crystal layer 18 is not limited to a liquid crystal layer depending on the configuration, function, and purpose of use of the display panel. Layer, a homeotropic liquid crystal layer, a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer.

The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 18 is preferably in the range of 3 μm to 12 μm, more preferably in the range of 5 μm to 10 μm. When the film thickness is small, the scattering characteristics are poor and contrast cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the film thickness is large, high voltage driving must be performed, and an X driver circuit 351 (not shown) for generating a signal for turning on and off the TFT 91 and the source signal line 25 It becomes difficult to design a Y driver circuit 41 (not shown) for applying a video signal to the Y-axis.

The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 18 is controlled by black glass beads or black glass fibers, or
Use black resin beads or black resin fibers. In particular, black glass beads or black glass fibers are preferable because they have very high light absorption and are hard, so that a small number of particles are scattered on the liquid crystal layer 18.

Between the pixel electrode 14 and the liquid crystal layer 18 and between the pixel electrode 14 and the liquid crystal layer 18
It is effective to form an insulating film between 18 and the counter electrode 15.
It is. Used as an insulating film for TN liquid crystal display panels, etc.
Orientation film such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol
Organic substances such as (PVA), SiO _Two, SiN_x, Ta_TwoO_Threeetc
Are exemplified. Preferably, from the viewpoint of adhesion, etc.
And organic materials such as polyimide. Insulation film formed on electrode
By doing so, the charge retention can be improved. for that reason,
High brightness display and high contrast display can be realized.

The insulating film also has an effect of preventing the liquid crystal layer 18 from peeling off from the pixel electrode 14 or the counter electrode 15.
The insulating film serves as an adhesive layer and a buffer layer.

The formation of the insulating film also has the effect that the pore diameter (hole diameter) of the polymer network of the liquid crystal layer 18 or the particle diameter of the liquid crystal in the form of water droplets becomes substantially uniform. It is considered that this is because even if an organic residue remains on the counter electrode 15 and the pixel electrode 14, it is covered with an insulating film. The coating effect is better with PVA than with polyimide.

It is considered that PVA has higher wettability than polyimide. However, according to the results of reliability (light resistance, heat resistance, etc.) tests performed on various types of insulating films formed on the panel, the display panel formed with polyimide used for the alignment film of the TN liquid crystal shows almost no change with time. Good. PVA tends to have a lower retention and the like.

When the insulating film is formed of an organic substance, the thickness is preferably in the range of 0.02 μm to 0.1 μm, and more preferably 0.03 μm to 0.08 μm.

As the substrates 12 and 11, soda glass and quartz glass substrates are used. Alternatively, a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate, a silicon single crystal, or a silicon polycrystal substrate can be used. Further, a resin film or plate such as a polyimide film, a polyester film, and a PVA film can also be used. That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the substrate may be not only a plate-shaped substrate but also a film-shaped substrate such as a sheet.

An antireflection film 21 (AIR coat) is applied to the surface of the display panel 31 that comes into contact with air. The AIR coat has a three-layer structure or a two-layer structure. In the case of three layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a wide visible light wavelength band, and is called a multi-coat. In the case of two layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a specific visible light wavelength band, and is called a V coat. The multi-coat and the V-coat are properly used depending on the purpose of the liquid crystal display panel.

In the case of multi-coating, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) has an optical film thickness of nd = λ / 4, zirconium (ZrO ₂ ) has nd1 = λ / 2, and magnesium fluoride (MgF ₂ ) has nd1 = λ / 2. It is formed by laminating λ / 4. Usually, a thin film is formed with λ of 520 nm or a value near 520 nm. In the case of V coat, silicon monoxide (S
iO) is an optical film thickness nd1 = λ / 4 and magnesium fluoride (MgF ₂ ) is nd1 = λ / 4, or yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ) and magnesium fluoride (MgF ₂ ) is nd1 = λ / 4. It is formed by lamination. Since SiO has an absorption band on the blue side, it is better to use Y ₂ O ₃ when modulating blue light. In addition, Y ₂ O ₃ is more preferable from the viewpoint of stability of the substance. Of course, the antireflection film may be formed by using a resin having a low refractive index.

The switching element is a thin film transistor (T
FT), two-terminal devices such as thin-film diode (TFD), ring diode, MIM, or varicap,
It may be a thyristor, a MOS transistor, an FET, or the like. These are all called switching elements or thin film transistors. Further, the switching element includes a device such as a plasma addressing liquid crystal (PALC) for controlling a voltage applied to a liquid crystal layer by plasma produced by Sony, Sharp, etc., as well as an optical writing method and a thermal writing method. In other words, having a switching element means having a switchable structure.

The liquid crystal display panel 31 according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly has a driver circuit and a pixel switching element formed at the same time. Those formed using a single crystal such as a wafer are also within the technical scope. Of course, amorphous silicon display panels are also within the technical scope.

In FIG. 1, the opening 22 is formed at the center of the pixel 14. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the structure may be as shown in FIG.

FIG. 3A shows a structure in which the openings 22 are formed in a stripe shape, and FIG. 3B shows a structure in which the openings 22 are formed in a dot shape. FIG. 3C shows the opening 22 formed in a ring shape. By dispersing the openings 22 in this manner, the display state of the pixels becomes the same between when the transmission type is used and when the reflection type is used, and the display quality is improved.

When the pixel electrode 14 is formed so as to overlap with the source signal line 25 as shown in FIG. 1, the parasitic capacitance 43 between the source signal line 25 and the pixel electrode 14 becomes a problem. FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit of the parasitic capacitance. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 41 denotes a source driver formed by a low-temperature polysilicon technique or a high-temperature polysilicon technique.

In the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention, the odd-numbered source signal lines 25b are connected to the source driver 4
1b, and the even-numbered source signal lines 25a are connected to the source driver 41a.

As described above, even-numbered source signal lines 25a
Is connected to the source driver 41a, and the odd-numbered source signal lines 25b are connected to the source driver 41b because the driving capability of the source driver 41 has a problem.

The source driver 41 is formed by polysilicon technology. The mobility (μ (cm ² / V · s)) of the TFT formed by the current polysilicon technology is 100 to 200
And lower than the silicon substrate. Therefore, the ability to write a signal to the source signal line 25 is low.

Now, consider the case where driving is performed as shown in FIG. FIG. 6A shows a state in which video signals having different polarities are applied to each pixel row. Pixel electrode 14
Indicates that the video signal of the positive polarity is applied to the pixel electrode 14 and is held, and “−” is displayed on the pixel electrode 14. 1
4 shows a state in which the negative video signal is applied and held.

As shown in FIG. 6 (a), when alternately holding the "+" or "-" video signal with respect to the pixel electrodes 14 of the adjacent pixel columns, the adjacent source signal lines have opposite polarities. It is necessary to apply a video signal. For example, assume that a video signal of a positive polarity is applied to the source signal line S3. In this state, a negative video signal is applied to the source signal lines S2 and S4, and a positive video signal is applied to the source signal lines S1 and S5. In the next field (frame), the polarity of the video signal applied to the source signal line is reversed.

In the case of FIG. 6A, it is assumed that all the source signal lines (odd and even numbers) are connected to one source driver line 41. Then, it is necessary for the source driver line 41 to constantly output video signals having different polarities, such as “+ − + − + − +...”. This imposes a burden on the drive of the transfer gate (TG) at the output pole of the source driver line. because,
This is because TGs (TFTs) formed by the polysilicon technology have low mobility, so that it takes time to rewrite the source signal line capacitance. Further, there is also a problem that a large amount of current flows to change the polarity of the video signal, power consumption increases, and heat is generated.

As shown in FIG. 4, two source driver lines 4
1a and 41b are used so that adjacent source signal lines are connected to different source driver lines. Then, in one field (frame) period, the source driver line 41a outputs a video signal of "-" polarity, and the source driver line 41b outputs a video signal of "+" polarity. That is, during one field (frame), the polarity of the video signal output from each source driver to the source signal line is the same. Therefore, the load required for the source driver 41 to write the video signal to the source signal line is reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced.

In the case of FIG. 6B, one horizontal scanning period (1
H), the polarity of the video signal output from the source signal line needs to be changed.
It is only necessary that 1a and 41b output video signals of the same polarity. Therefore, as before, the source driver 41
Is reduced.

The above items are described as follows.
However, the present invention is not limited to being separated into the first and the second 41b. Strictly, the relationship between the source signal line 25 (see FIG. 83) connected to the transfer gate (TG) 834 and the video signal line (SIG) becomes a problem. As shown in FIG. 83, the transfer gate 8 is connected to one video signal line (SIG).
34a, 834b, and 834c are connected,
It is necessary to apply video signals of the same polarity to the source signal lines 25a, 25b, 25c.

Assume that two video signal lines (for example, SIG
1, SIG2), S2G1 and TG834a, 83
4c is connected and S2G2 and TG 834b are connected, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which video signals having polarities opposite to those of the source signal lines 25a and 25c and the source signal line 25b are applied. That is, the adjacent source signal line is T
What is necessary is just to configure so as to be connected to different video signal lines via an analog switch (switch) such as G834.

When a video signal is applied as shown in FIG. 6, a voltage of opposite polarity is applied to the adjacent source signal line as shown in FIG. Paying attention to the pixel 14a in FIG. 6, a video signal of "-" polarity is applied to the source signal line 25a, and a video signal of "+" polarity is applied to the source signal line 25b, and is applied to the source signal line 25a. Assuming that the amplitude value of the video signal and the amplitude value of the video signal applied to the source signal line 25b match (normally, substantially the same voltage is held in adjacent pixels), the same parasitic capacitance 43a, The potential of the pixel electrode 14a arranged at the middle point of 43b does not move.

That is, if the driving method shown in FIG. 6 is carried out, it is possible to prevent the pixel electrode from being affected even if a parasitic capacitance caused by overlapping the source signal line 25 and the pixel electrode 14 occurs. In addition, if the source drivers 41a and 41b are arranged as shown in FIG. 4, good image display can be realized even if the driving capability of the source driver 41 is low.

FIG. 5A shows the waveform of the video signal line (SIG1) applied to the source signal line 25a, and FIG. 5B shows the waveform of the video signal line (SIG2) applied to the source signal line 25b.
It is a waveform of. That is, the polarity of the video signal applied to the adjacent source signal line is one horizontal scanning period (1H) or one horizontal scanning period (1H).
Inversion is performed during the field (frame) (1V) period.

The conventional transmission type liquid crystal display panel has a problem that the display screen cannot be seen at all under direct sunlight.
However, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the pixel display can be recognized by the light reflected by the reflection film 16, this problem does not exist. Further, in the conventional reflection type liquid crystal display panel, a display image cannot be seen at all without external light. However, in the embodiment of the present invention, the backlight has a small luminance (about 30 to 80 (n)).
The image can be sufficiently viewed just by turning on the light in t)).

Hereinafter, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
An embodiment will be described. However, items unnecessary for description are omitted. In addition, the description will focus on differences from the first embodiment or the other embodiments.

In FIG. 7, an insulating film 19 is formed on a source (gate) signal line, and a first color filter 17Xa and a reflection film 16 are formed on the insulating film 19. Further, a second color filter 17Xb is formed on the reflection film 16 and the color filter 17Xa.

The pixel electrode 14 made of a transparent electrode is formed on the color filter 17Xb. The reflection film 16 may be electrically connected to the pixel electrode 14. Also, the pixel electrode 1
4 may be formed or arranged between the color filters 17Xa and 17Xb.

The light incident on the reflection film 16 is incident on the surface A, passes through the transparent electrode 14 and the color filter 17Xb, and is reflected by the reflection film 16. The reflected light passes through the color filter 17Xb again, and then exits from the surface A.

The light incident on the opening 22 is incident on the surface A, impinges on the pixel electrode 14 and the color filters 17Xa,
After passing through 7Xb, the light is emitted to the B surface.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, as in FIG. 1, if the thickness of half of the color filters 17Xa and 17Xb is made substantially equal to the thickness of 17Xa, reflected light and transmitted light Can have the same color purity (spectral distribution).

The other items are the same as in the first embodiment, and will not be described. As described above, for the parts that are not particularly described, the same numbers, and the reference numerals, the matters described in the other embodiments are appropriately applied. Further, even if not described, the configuration of another embodiment can be added. For example, the configurations of the film thickness control film 141 and the reflection film 16 in FIG. 14 may be added to the liquid crystal display panel having the configuration in FIG. 7 and FIG. Further, the black matrix 81 of FIG. 8 may be added to FIGS. 1, 7, and 14.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows a case where the width of the source signal line 25 is formed larger than usual, and this source signal line functions as the reflection film 16.

The source signal line 25 may be formed with a projection 26, or a light diffusing agent may be formed or arranged on the surface of the source signal line 25.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of FIG. The source signal line 25 at the intersection with the gate signal line 24 is made thin (A) and the pixel portion is made thick (B). By forming the source signal line thick as described above, the resistance value of the source signal line can be reduced.

Although the width of the source signal line 25 is increased in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the present invention is not limited to this, and the width of the gate signal line 24 may be increased. In addition, both the source signal line 25 and the gate signal line 24 may be made thicker, or a metal part with the drain terminal of the TFT 19 may be formed larger to form a reflective film.

A black matrix 81a is formed between the pixel electrodes 14. Further, the black matrix 81b is formed or arranged on (or below) the counter electrode 15 as necessary.

The black matrix is used to prevent light leakage between pixel electrodes. Black matrix 81
a may be formed by forming an insulating film (not shown) between the pixel electrodes 14 and forming a thin metal film such as chromium (Cr) thereon, or made of a resin obtained by adding carbon or the like to an acrylic resin. You may comprise. In addition, black metals such as hexavalent chromium, paints, thin films or thick films or members having fine irregularities formed on the surface, or light diffusion materials such as titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and opal glass may be used. In addition, the light modulation layer 18 may be colored with a dye or a pigment that has a complementary color to the light modulated by the light modulation layer 18 even if the color is not black. Further, a hologram or a diffraction grating may be used.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the common electrode 101 is formed of a metal thin film to form a reflection film. FIG. 11 shows a plan view thereof. It is preferable to form the protrusion 26 on the surface of the common electrode 101. Here, the common electrode 101 is one electrode terminal constituting the additional capacitance 102 (storage capacitor). Two or more interlayer insulating films at the intersections are formed.

The portion where the common electrode 101 serves as the source signal line 25 is made as thin as possible to prevent a short circuit between the source signal line and the common electrode. Further, by reducing the intersection, there is also an effect that the capacitance seen from the transfer gate 834 can be reduced. Although the source signal line 25 is formed on the common electrode 101 in FIG. 10, the present invention is not limited to this, and the positional relationship may be reversed.

In FIG. 10, the insulating film 1 is formed on the source signal line 25.
9b prevents contact between the source signal line 25 (gate signal line 24) and the pixel electrode 14, and prevents the parasitic capacitance 43 between the pixel electrode 14 and the source signal line 25 from being formed.
(See FIG. 43). Therefore, the insulating film 19b preferably has a small relative dielectric constant. The material having a small relative dielectric constant is illustrated in FIG.

On the other hand, it is preferable that the insulating film 19a disposed (formed) between the pixel electrode 14 and the common electrode 101 has a higher relative permittivity because the storage capacity can be increased. Examples of such materials include HfO ₂ , TiO ₂ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , and ZrO.
Above all, strontium tantalate having a perovskite crystal structure is preferable. This strontium tantalate has a dielectric constant about 10 times higher than that of SiO _x . Further, as shown in FIG. 11, it is needless to say that a reflective electrode 16 may be separately formed in addition to the common electrode 101, and a reflective film 16 is formed above or below the pixel electrode 14 similarly to FIG. Needless to say, this may be done.

In the above embodiment, the projections are formed on the reflection film 16. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the diffusion material 121 is formed on the reflection film 16 as shown in FIG.
By forming the color filter 17 to which
As a result, unevenness may be formed and appropriate scattering characteristics may be given.

Further, as shown in FIG.
The incident light may be scattered by forming a scattering layer 122 having an appropriate scattering property on 6. The scattering layer can be formed of a PD liquid crystal, or can be formed by applying a resin to which fine powder of Ti oxide is added.
In addition, it can also be formed by appropriately oxidizing (Al ₂ O ₃ ) the reflective film 16. These configurations have been described as being formed on the array substrate 11, but are not limited thereto, and may be formed on the opposing substrate 12.

FIG. 13 shows a film thickness t on the region where the reflective film 16 is formed.
1 and the film thickness t2 on the opening 22 are changed. To change the thickness, an insulating film 19b is formed below or above the reflective electrode 16. The insulating film 19 may be a color filter. In FIG. 13, color filters and the like are omitted. The relationship between t1 and t2 preferably satisfies the relationship shown in the following (Equation 1).

1.6 ≦ t2 / t1 ≦ 2.4 (Equation 1) Also, by changing the alignment state, composition, mode, and dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules on the reflective film 16 and those of the opening 22 or changing them. Is also good. For example, a configuration in which TN liquid crystal is formed on the reflection film 16 and a PD liquid crystal is formed on the opening 22, a configuration in which the reflection film 16 is vertically aligned, and a configuration in which the opening 22 is nematically aligned, a configuration in which the reflection film 16 and the opening 22 are formed A configuration in which the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules above is changed is exemplified.

As a method of changing the film thickness of each part of the liquid crystal layer 18, as shown in FIG. 14, the film thickness control film 1 is formed on the opposing substrate 12, the array substrate 11, or both substrates 11 and 12.
A configuration for forming 41 is also exemplified. As a material for forming the film thickness control film 141, the same material as the insulating film 19 is used, and an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin used as a resin constituting the PD liquid crystal and a color filter material are exemplified.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 14, the reflection film 16 is formed in a saw-tooth shape. This is to prevent the reflected light from directly entering the observer's eyes as in FIG. Reflective film 1
The light incident on 6 is bent at an angle. FIG. 14 shows that the reflection film 16 is formed on the gate signal line 24. In addition, the gate film 24, the source signal line 25, and the common electrode 101 may provide an angle to the reflection film 16 as shown in FIG. Further, the convex portion 26 may be formed on the reflective film 16.

In the above embodiment, a plurality of components including the reflection film 16, the source signal line, the gate signal line 24, and the common electrode 101 may be used as the reflection means.

FIG. 15 shows the structure of FIG.
This is a configuration in which the second reflection film 16b is formed on the second reflection film 16b. When the liquid crystal display panel 31 is viewed from the A side, the reflection film 16a functions as a reflective pixel, and an image can be viewed. When the liquid crystal display panel 31 is viewed from the B side, the reflection film 16b functions as a reflective pixel, and an image can be viewed. That is, the liquid crystal display panel in FIG. 15 has a configuration in which an image can be viewed as a reflective display panel from both sides A and B.

However, the configuration shown in FIG. 15 has a problem. This is because the light reflected on the back surface of the reflective film 16 jumps into the eyes of the observer and lowers the display contrast.
In order to address this problem, in the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 15, a light absorption film 151 is formed or arranged on the back surface of the reflection film 16.

Examples of the light absorbing film 151 include a black metal thin film such as hexavalent chromium, a resin obtained by adding carbon or the like to acryl, and a color filter obtained by adding a plurality or a single color pigment or dye. These absorb or diminish incident light. Note that the light absorbing film 151 may be a light scattering film. This is because even if the incident light is scattered, it is possible to suppress the light from directly entering the observer's eyes.

It is preferable that the light shielding film (reflection film) 16b is electrically connected to the counter electrode 15. Needless to say, by making the formation area of the light-shielding film 16b smaller than that of the opening 22, the light-shielding film 16b can be used as a transmissive display panel.

In order to prevent light leakage from occurring between pixels in the liquid crystal display panel 31, a black matrix (BM) 81 is formed on the counter substrate 12 (FIGS. 8 and 1).
0, FIG. 14, FIG. 16, etc.). Chromium (Cr) is used as a material for forming the BM 81 from the viewpoint of light-shielding characteristics. Intense light enters the liquid crystal display panel 31 as a light valve used in the projection type display device shown in FIGS. 66, 67, 70 and the like. Since 40% of the incident light that has entered the BM 81 is absorbed by the BM, the display panel 31 is heated and deteriorates.

As shown in FIG. 16, the display panel 31 according to the embodiment of the present invention uses aluminum (Al) as a constituent material of the BM 81a. Since Al reflects 90% of the light, there is no problem that the display panel 31 is heated and deteriorated. However, since Al has a poor light-shielding property as compared with Cr, it is necessary to form the film thick. As an example, the thickness of Al for obtaining light-shielding characteristics with a thickness of 0.1 μm of Cr is 1 μm. That is, it is necessary to form the film 10 times as thick.

On the other hand, a TN liquid crystal display panel or the like needs to perform a rubbing treatment because it is necessary to align liquid crystal molecules. When the rubbing treatment is performed, if there is unevenness, rubbing failure occurs. Therefore, if BM is formed using Al on the counter substrate 12, irregularities are generated on the substrate 12, and good rubbing cannot be performed.

In order to cope with this problem, as shown in FIG.
2, a concave portion 162 is first formed at a position where the BM 81 is formed, and the BM 81 is formed so as to fill the concave portion 162. The concave portion 162 can be easily formed by applying a resist to the counter substrate 12, patterning the resist, and then etching with a hydrofluoric acid solution. The depth of the recess 162 is 0.6 μm or more and 1.6 μm or less, and more preferably 0.8 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less. This recess 16
The depth of 2 can be easily adjusted by adjusting the etching time. Since the surface of the formed concave portion 162 is open, after the concave portion 162 is formed,
Inorganic materials such as O ₂ and SiN _x
It is deposited in a thickness of less than μm.

An BM 81a is formed by depositing an Al thin film on the thus formed recess 162. Therefore, no convex portion due to the formation of the BM 81 is generated on the surface of the counter substrate 12. Therefore, good rubbing can be performed.

If necessary, to improve the light-shielding property,
A metal thin film 81b made of Cr, titanium (Ti), or the like is stacked on the Al film 81a. This metal thin film 81b
Has the effect of preventing Al 81b from directly contacting the ITO of the counter electrode 15. This is because when the Al thin film and the ITO thin film come into contact with each other, they are corroded by the battery action.

The number of thin films to be laminated is not limited to two, but may be three or more. The thin film to be laminated is not limited to a metal thin film, but may be an acrylic resin to which carbon is added or a thin film made of an organic material such as carbon alone. The thickness of the thin film constituting these BM81 is 0.4 μm or more and 1.4 μm or less, and more preferably 0.6 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less.

On the BM 81 filled in the concave portion 162,
A planarization film 161 is formed. As a material for forming the flattening film 161, an acrylic resin, a gelatin resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin (P
VA) or silicon oxide (Si)
Inorganic materials such as O ₂ ) and silicon nitride (SiN _x ). In particular, it is preferable to use an ultraviolet curing type resin. However, an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ has heat resistance and good transmittance in a wide wavelength band, and thus is preferably used as a light valve of a projection display device.

The thickness of the flattening film 161a is 0.2 μm.
It is preferably from m to 1.4 μm, and particularly preferably from 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm. ITO as the counter electrode 15 is formed on the flattening film 161. FIG. 16B shows a configuration in which the color filter 17 is used as a flattening film without using the flattening film 162.

When the flattening film 161 is formed of an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ , the surface is polished and flattened after forming the flattening film 161. The polishing treatment is performed mechanically or chemically. Since SiO ₂ is relatively soft, polishing is easy. After performing the polishing process, the counter electrode 15 is formed. Needless to say, even when the flattening film 161 is made of an organic material, a favorable flattening film 161 can be formed by performing polishing.

As another example, after the BM 81 is formed in the recess 162 thicker than the depth of the recess 162, the surface may be polished and flattened. By doing so, it is possible to provide a configuration in which the recess 162 is just filled with the BM 81. After the planarization, ITO as the counter electrode 15 is formed on the surface. Of course, after the BM 81 is polished, the flattening film (insulating film) is thinner from the viewpoint of preventing the elution of impurities from the substrate 12 rather than the flattening function.
161 may be formed, and after formation, the counter electrode 15 may be formed.

The counter electrode 15 is connected to the liquid crystal display panel 31.
This is not necessary when is an IPS structure. Therefore, in this case, the alignment film may be formed on the flattening film 161 without forming the counter electrode 15.

In FIG. 16, the BM 81 is Al or a metal multilayer film containing Al. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a low refractive index dielectric film and a high refractive index dielectric film are formed in multiple layers. It may be formed of a dielectric multilayer film (interference film). The dielectric multilayer film reflects light of a specific wavelength due to optical interference, and does not absorb light at all. Therefore, the BM 81 having no absorption of incident light can be configured. Further, silver (Ag) may be used instead of Al. Ag is also a good BM81 with high reflectance.

When the interference film is used as the BM81, the thickness of the thin film constituting the BM81 is set to 1.0 μm or more and 1.8 μm or less, and more preferably 1.2 μm or more and 1.6 μm or less. The depth of the recess 162 is 1.
2 μm or more and 2.2 μm or less, more preferably 1.
4 μm or more and 1.8 μm or less.

Further, in the configuration of FIG. 16, a concave portion 162 is formed in the counter substrate 12 and the BM 81 is formed in the concave portion 162. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
The BM 81 made of Al or an interference film may be formed without forming the concave portion 162 on the BM 81, and the flattening film 162 may be formed on the BM 81. At this time, the thickness of the flattening film 162 is set to be 1.0 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less, and more preferably 1.4 μm or more and 2.4 μm or less.

Further, in FIG.
2, the BM 81 is formed in the concave portion 162. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A concave portion may be formed in the array substrate 11, and the BM may be formed in the concave portion.
In this case, the source signal line 25 and the like are formed on the BM.

It is preferable that the BM 81 and the counter electrode 15 be electrically connected to each other around the display area or in the display area. Since the counter electrode 15 is formed of ITO,
High sheet resistance. Therefore, the sheet resistance is reduced by connecting the ITO of the counter electrode 15 and the BM 81 made of a metal material. When connecting within the display area, use BM
Flattening film 81a at a position where 81b and counter electrode 15 are in contact
May be removed by etching or the like so that the BM 81b and the counter electrode 15 are in direct contact with each other. In the case of this configuration, the BM 81b selects a material other than Al. This is to prevent corrosion by the battery.

On the other hand, as described in FIG. 1, on the array substrate 11 side, a flattening film (the insulating film 19 exhibits this function in FIG. 16) is formed on the source signal line 25, and
It is preferable that the pixel electrodes be adjacent to each other on the source signal line 25. With this configuration, the pixel electrode 1
There is no light leakage from the periphery of 4. However, in this case, the parasitic capacitance between the source signal line 25 and the pixel electrode 14 increases. In order to avoid the adverse effect on the image display due to the parasitic capacitance, the driving method according to the embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 16, components unnecessary for the description, such as the TFT 91, are omitted. The TFT 91 is an LDD
(Low doping drain) structure.

In FIG. 16, a concave portion 162 is formed in the counter substrate 12, and a BM 81 is formed in the concave portion 162.
Similarly, a concave portion is formed in the array substrate 11, and T
An FT 91 or the like may be formed.

After forming the TFTs 91 and the like on the array substrate 11, a flattening film 19 is formed. When the flattening film is formed of an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ , after forming the flattening film 19,
The surface is polished and flattened. The polishing process is performed mechanically or chemically similarly to the flattening film 19. In particular, SiO ₂
When the flattening film 19 is formed by SiO, mechanical polishing is easy because SiO ₂ is relatively soft. After performing the polishing process, a contact hole for connecting the TFT 91 and the pixel electrode 14 is formed in the flattening film 19, and the pixel electrode 14 is formed on the flattening film 91. Needless to say, even when the flattening film 19 is made of an organic material such as polyimide, a good flattening film 19 can be formed by performing polishing.

In order to make the liquid crystal layer 18 have a predetermined thickness, BM
It is effective to form a column made of a dielectric material on the substrate 81 or on the array substrate 11 facing the BM 81. The height of the column is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 18.

As shown in FIG. 17A, an anti-reflection substrate 171 on which an anti-reflection film 21 is formed is provided on the display panel 31 by an optical coupling material (optical coupling material) 17.
It is good to carry out optical coupling in 2. With this configuration, light reflected at the interface between the display panel 31 and the air is suppressed, and the light use efficiency is improved. Another advantage is that no image is formed on the screen even if dust adheres to the surface of the display panel 31. FIG. 17B shows a configuration in which a microlens array 173 is mounted on the display panel 31, and FIG. 17C shows a configuration in which an antireflection substrate 171 is mounted on the microlens array 173.

The display panel 31 according to the embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17 is not only used as a light valve of a projection display device, but also as shown in FIGS. Viewfinder light valve,
Alternatively, it is needless to say that it can be used as a display panel of the television of FIG. 64, the video camera of FIG. 59, the portable information terminal of FIG. 44, and the personal computer of FIG. It goes without saying that the pixel 14 may have the semi-transmissive specification described in FIGS. 1, 7, 10 and the like.

Although it has been described in FIG. 1 and the like that a transparent electrode is formed in the opening 22, it is not necessarily limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, a transparent electrode may not be formed on the portion a. Counter electrode 15 and electrodes 16, 1
The liquid crystal layer 18 can be modulated by the voltage applied to 4. In addition, even when there is no counter electrode 15, electric lines of force 181 (horizontal electric field) are generated as shown in FIG. 18, and light modulation can be performed.

The above embodiment has been described in connection with the case where the liquid crystal layer 18 is flat. In order to perform light modulation, the liquid crystal layer 18 does not need to be flat, and the liquid crystal layer 18 may have a saw-tooth shape as shown in FIG.

The liquid crystal layer 18 shown in FIG. 19 can be easily understood if it is considered to be a small prism whose refractive index changes. The prism has a stripe shape or a triangular pyramid or a quadrangular pyramid for each pixel. For ease of explanation, the embodiment will be described as a prism corresponding to one pixel. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Even if one prism corresponds to a plurality of pixels, a plurality of prisms correspond to one pixel. There may be Yamagata. Hereinafter, a triangular (having a thickness distribution of the liquid crystal layer) shaped liquid crystal layer as shown in FIG.

In the prism liquid crystal 18 shown in FIG. 19, one stripe-shaped prism liquid crystal 18 corresponds to one pixel row. That is, the number of stripe-shaped prism liquid crystals and the number of pixel rows of the display panel 31 are the same.

The pixel electrodes 14 are formed on the array substrate 11 in a matrix. Further, since the liquid crystal layer 18 has a constant thickness, a holding portion 191 is formed along the gate signal line 24 (not shown). A material similar to that of the insulating film 19 is exemplified as a constituent material of the holding unit 191. Note that as described in the description of the insulating film 19, the holding portion is preferably made of a material having a low relative dielectric constant (such as MSQ). Further, it is preferable to use a material in which a dye or a dye of black color or a complementary color of incident light is added to the holding portion 191. This is because halation and the like generated in the liquid crystal layer 18 can be suppressed, and the display contrast can be improved.

The counter electrode 15 is formed on the counter substrate 12. By forming a reflective film on a part of the counter electrode 15 or the pixel electrode 14, the display panel 31 can be made to have a semi-transmissive specification. In addition, by using one of the counter electrode 15 and the pixel electrode 14 as a reflective electrode, a reflective display panel 31 can be obtained.

The saw-like portion of the counter substrate 12 is formed by oblique etching. The formation angle (DEG) θ is 3 ≦
The range of θ ≦ 30 is preferable, and the range of 5 ≦ θ ≦ 12 is more preferable. However, it goes without saying that this angle θ changes depending on the extraordinary light refractive index ne and the ordinary light refractive index no of the liquid crystal material used.

Note that 15 may be a pixel electrode and 14 may be a counter electrode. Further, when the counter electrode 15 is formed in the inclined portion, there is a problem that the electrode is easily cut off at the step portion. To solve this problem, it is effective to make the prism liquid crystal 18 have a roof shape as shown in FIG. In addition, it is also effective to connect the counter electrode 15 by etching or forming a groove so that the step portion is tapered.

A case where the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 18 have a positive dielectric constant will be described as an example. When the liquid crystal molecules have a negative dielectric constant, the description is basically reversed. In any case, the display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention can be configured regardless of the polarity of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecule.

When a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 14, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned. Therefore, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the array substrate 11, the liquid crystal layer 18 has the ordinary light refractive index no.
No has a refractive index of about 1.51 to 1.54. This refractive index is substantially equal to the refractive index of the substrate 11.

When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 18, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the horizontal direction, and the light incident on the display panel 31 is polarized, and this polarization direction substantially matches the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules. At this time, the refractive index becomes the extraordinary light refractive index ne.
When liquid crystal molecules are randomly oriented like PD liquid crystal, the refractive index nx = (2no + ne) / 3.

In any case, the liquid crystal layer 18 is
, The refractive index can be changed. Further, by forming the prism liquid crystal 18 so as to correspond to one pixel (column or row), light modulation can be performed for each pixel by a voltage applied to each pixel electrode 14. Therefore, an image can be displayed.

That is, when the liquid crystal molecules have a positive dielectric constant, and when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 18, the refractive index of the prism liquid crystal 18 and the refractive index of the substrate 12 are different.
A small prism appears. When a saturation voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 18, the prism liquid crystal 18 disappears. When the voltage is in the intermediate state, the prism liquid crystal 1
The refractive index of 8 changes.

FIG. 20 shows a state where no voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 14b and a saturation voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 14a. Therefore, prism liquid crystal is generated in the liquid crystal layer 18b, and the prism liquid crystal has disappeared in the liquid crystal layer 18a. Therefore, the incident destination 201a goes straight without bending the optical path and becomes the emission destination 201f, and the incident destination 201b has the optical path bent by the prism liquid crystal and becomes the emission destination 201e. Emission destination 201f or 2
If the system is configured so that the light emitted from the light source 201e is condensed by the projection lens, the projection type display device can be configured.
If f or 201e is configured not to be incident on the observer's eye, a viewfinder or a direct-view monitor can be configured.

FIG. 21A shows a configuration in which the polarizing plate 10 is disposed on the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the display panel 31. Also,
FIG. 21B shows a configuration in which the pixel electrode 14 is a reflection electrode.

The configuration in which the pixel electrode is a reflection electrode is as follows.
In addition to forming a reflective film with a metal thin film, the following configuration is also conceivable. One is a configuration in which a reflective film composed of a dielectric multilayer film is formed on an electrode. The voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage to the electrodes. However, there is a problem that the applied voltage is reduced by the dielectric multilayer film. Another configuration is a configuration in which a reflective film made of a dielectric multilayer film is formed below a transparent electrode. Incident light passes through the transparent electrode and is reflected by the dielectric multilayer film. Since a voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 18 by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode, there is an advantage that the voltage is not reduced.

When the liquid crystal layer 18 is a single layer as shown in FIG. 21, there is a problem that only one of P-polarized light and S-polarized light can be modulated. However, the PD liquid crystal and the guest host liquid crystal can be configured to be capable of modulation.

To bend the incident light at a larger angle, the liquid crystal layers 18a and 18b may be formed as shown in FIG. The change in the refractive index of the prism liquid crystal increases, and the angle 201e of the emitted light can be increased.

In FIG. 23, transparent electrodes 15 are formed on both surfaces of a thin transparent substrate 12. Array substrates 11a and 11b
Have pixels formed in a matrix.
When the liquid crystal layer 18 is formed of PD liquid crystal, the transparent substrate 12 shown in FIG. 23 can be omitted. This is because PD liquid crystals have a characteristic property of being solid. This configuration is shown in FIG.

In the configuration of FIG. 24, first, the array substrate 11a
The pixel electrode 14a is formed thereon. Thereafter, a mixed solution of a liquid crystal component and an uncured resin component is filled between the auxiliary substrate (film) (not shown) and the array substrate 11a. Next, after having a predetermined film thickness, the resin component is cured by irradiating ultraviolet light, and phase separation is performed. After that, the auxiliary substrate is peeled off. Next, the counter electrode 15 is deposited on the liquid crystal layer 18a. Next, the space between the array substrate 11b and the counter electrode 15 is filled with the mixed solution to have a predetermined thickness, and then the resin component is cured by irradiating ultraviolet light to cause the liquid crystal and the resin to undergo phase separation.

Note that in FIGS. 23, 24 and 25,
When the liquid crystal layer 18 is formed of PD liquid crystal, the liquid crystal layer 18a
It is preferable to change the average particle size of the water-droplet liquid crystal or the average pore size of the polymer network, the material composition, the addition ratio of the guest host, the configuration and the structure of the liquid crystal layer, and the like. This is because the viewing angle and the like can be expanded, and the display contrast and the like can be increased.

The liquid crystal layer may change the liquid crystal mode such that the liquid crystal layer 18a is a TN liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer 18b is a PD liquid crystal layer. 18a is PLZT and 1
A configuration in which 8b is a liquid crystal layer or an organic or inorganic EL is also conceivable.

The structure shown in FIGS.
8 was formed in the pixel direction. However, in this configuration, depending on the liquid crystal mode, only one of P-polarized light and S-polarized light may be modulated. To cope with this, as shown in FIG. 25, the prism liquid crystal 18b may be formed in the pixel row direction, and the prism liquid crystal 18b may be formed in the pixel column direction. With this configuration, the modulation state of the incident destination becomes better, and both the P-polarized light and the S-polarized light can be satisfactorily modulated.

When a moving image is displayed on the liquid crystal display panel 31, the tail of the image appears. For example, when a white ball moves on a black screen, a gray shadow appears behind the white ball. In this specification, such a state in which tailing occurs is called moving image blur.

The cause of moving image blur is roughly classified into 2
I think there is one. The first cause is the responsiveness of the liquid crystal. In the case of a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal, the rise time (transmittance is 90% with the maximum being 100% from 0%).
%) And the standing time (time required to reach a transmittance of 100% to 10% from the maximum transmittance).
(Hereinafter, the rising time + the rising time is referred to as the response time) is 50 to 80 msec.

There is also a liquid crystal mode having a fast response time. It is a ferroelectric liquid crystal. However, this liquid crystal cannot perform gradation display.
In addition, the antiferroelectric liquid crystal and the OCB mode liquid crystal have a high speed. The first cause can be countered by using these high-speed liquid crystal materials or modes.

The second cause is that the transmittance of each pixel changes synchronously with the field or frame.
For example, the transmittance of a certain pixel is a fixed value during the first field (frame). That is, the potential of the pixel electrode is rewritten for each field (frame), and the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer changes. Therefore, when a human looks at the image on the liquid crystal display panel, the display image appears to be slowly changing due to the afterglow characteristics of the eyes, and moving image blur occurs. In this specification, a cycle at which one screen is rewritten, that is, a time until the potential of an arbitrary pixel is rewritten next is called a field or a frame.

A display device such as a CRT displays an image by scanning the phosphor surface with an electron gun. Therefore, in a period of one field (one frame), each pixel is displayed only for a time on the order of μsec.

It is due to the afterglow characteristic of the human eye that one field (frame), that is, an image appears to be displayed continuously. That is, in the CRT, each pixel is displayed in black for most of the time, and is lighted (displayed) only for a time on the order of μsec. This display state of the CRT makes a moving image display good. This is because most of the time, since the image is displayed in black, the image appears to be skipped, and no moving image blur occurs. However, in the liquid crystal display panel, since an image is held for a period of one field, moving image blur occurs. Hereinafter, an illumination device, an image display device, and the like according to an embodiment of the present invention will be sequentially described with reference to the drawings and the like. In particular, by combining the lighting device of the embodiment of the present invention and the display panel of the embodiment of the present invention,
An image display device that does not cause blurring of moving images or the like can be configured.

FIG. 26 shows an illumination device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
66 shows a plan view of FIG. Light guide plate (light guide member)
Reference numeral 264 denotes an organic resin such as an acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin, or a glass substrate.

Although the number of the light guide plates 264 depends on the size of the display panel 31, the display screen is generally at least three.
Since it is necessary to divide the display into equal parts, preferably eight or more parts, three or more, preferably eight or more fluorescent tubes are used. Further, when the number of fluorescent tubes is n (number) and the vertical width of the effective display area of the display panel is H (cm), the following equation (Equation 2) is satisfied.

5 (cm) ≦ H / n ≦ 20 (cm) (Equation 2) More preferably, the relationship of (Equation 3) is satisfied.

8 (cm) ≦ H / n ≦ 15 (cm) (Equation 3) If H / n is too small, the number of light emitting elements 261 increases and the cost increases. On the other hand, if H / n is too large, the display screen will be dark, and blurring of moving images will not be easily improved.

Further, assuming that the width of the effective display area of the display panel is W (cm), it is preferable that the configuration is such that the following equation (Equation 4) is satisfied.

0.07 ≦ W / (H · n) ≦ 0.5 (Equation 4) More preferably, the following equation (Equation 5) is satisfied.

0.10 ≦ W / (H · n) ≦ 0.35 (Equation 5) In FIG. 26, a white LED 2 is provided at the end of the light guide plate 264.
61 is installed. The white LED 261 is manufactured and sold by Nichia Corporation. White LED 26
1 has a heat sink 432 attached to the back as shown in FIG. This is because the white LED 261 is inefficient and generates a large amount of heat.

When the temperature of the white LED 261 increases, the amount of current flowing changes, and the light emission luminance changes. The heat sink 432 is effective as a measure against this. In addition, white L
The ED 261 preferably performs constant current driving. Also,
It is preferable to detect the temperature of the white LED 261 and control the amount of current flowing through the white LED 261 based on the detected data. Also, several LEs
When D is used, it is preferable to make a series connection.

On the light emitting surface of the white LED 261, a diffusion plate (sheet) 271 as a light diffusion output stage is disposed. This is because the light emitting body of the white LED 261 has color unevenness. The light generated from the white LED 261 is scattered by the diffusion plate 271 to form a uniform, small surface light source without color unevenness.

The diffusion plate 271 is a frosted glass plate, a resin plate containing diffusion particles such as titanium, or opal glass. Alternatively, a diffusion sheet (Light Up Series) sold by Kimoto Corporation may be used. Since the color unevenness is eliminated by the diffusion plate, and the area of the diffusion plate becomes a light emitting region, the light emitting area can be freely set by changing the size of the diffusion plate.

The diffusion plate may be a plate-shaped one, an adhesive obtained by adding a diffusion agent to a resin, or a thickly laminated phosphor. This is because the phosphor has a high light scattering property. It is preferable that the diffusing portion is formed in a hemispherical shape so that the directivity is widened and the peripheral portion of the display area can be uniformly illuminated. Without this diffusion plate (diffusion sheet), color unevenness occurs in the displayed image, so it is important to dispose the diffusion plate. The color temperature of the white LED is preferably 6500 Kelvin (K) or more and 9500 (K) or less.

By disposing or forming a color filter (not shown) on the light emission side of the white LED 261, the color temperature of the emitted color can be improved. Especially light emitting element 2
When 61 is a white LED, there is a band in which light with a strong peak in blue is emitted. Also, this peak has a large variation. The color temperature variation of the display image on the display panel 31 increases. By disposing the color filters, it is possible to reduce the variation in the color temperature of the displayed image. In particular, when a white LED is used as the light emitting element 261, a measure is taken according to the color of the color filter of the display panel 31 because the ratio of blue light is large.

The light guide plate 264 and the L are connected so that the light radiated from the white LED 261 is efficiently incident on the light guide plate 264.
Optical coupling between ED261 (optical coupling)
A material (agent) 172 is applied or arranged. Light binder 17
2 is a gel such as ethylene glycol, a silicone resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or the like whose refractive index is 1.44 to 1.55.
Are exemplified.

Also, as shown in FIG.
A color filter 431 may be arranged on the light exit surface of the ED.
The white LED 261 has a high ratio of blue light and the LED 2
This is because there is a large variation in the color of the 61 alone. By arranging or forming the color filters 431, the color temperature of the emission color is made uniform.

By incorporating a diffusing agent such as fine powder of Ti, a dye, or a pigment in the optical binder 172, the color temperature can be adjusted or the color unevenness can be reduced without using the color filter 431 or the like. it can.

The white LED 261 can be replaced with another single-color or composite-color LED 261. For example, a red LED and a green LED are used. If an LED of such a color is used, it is a matter of course that the illuminating device emits a single color or the like, and a white display cannot be realized. However, when the display panel 31 or the like used with the lighting device is monochrome, it is sufficient for practical use. Further, an organic EL can also be used.

The white LED 261 can be replaced with a Luna series fluorescent light emitting lamp manufactured and sold by Optonics and the like. That is, the white LED 26
The light-emitting element 261 is not limited to one, and may be any light-emitting element that can perform a point-drop operation.

The contents described with reference to FIG. 43 are also valid in another embodiment of the present invention. As described above, the matters described in this specification may be used in combination in various embodiments. In addition, the light-emitting element 261 is illustrated in each drawing for ease of explanation, but more specifically, the light-emitting element 261 is the same as the light-emitting element 433 because the light-emitting element 261 has the configuration in FIG. .

Also, as shown in FIG.
May be integrally configured like the LED array 262. Further, a minute convex lens on the light emitting surface of the LED 261 may be arranged or formed on the light emitting surface of the LED 261. In this case, light emitted from the light emitting chip of the LED 261 is efficiently input to the light guide plate 264.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 26, the light guide plate 26
Although 4 is a plate, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a configuration in which a plurality of sheets or plates are stacked may be used. Further, as shown in FIG. 32, a large number of optical fibers 321 may be solidified with an adhesive 322 to be integrated.

In FIG. 26, light 201 emitted from the light emitting element 261 is reflected by the reflection plate 2 disposed between the light guide plates 264.
65 (reflection sheet or reflection member, reflection film) and transmitted. The reflection plate 265 is formed on the side surface and the back surface of the light guide plate 264.

The light 201 emitted from the light emitting element 261 illuminates the inside of each light guide plate 264. Therefore, when the light emitting elements 261a and 261f are turned on, only the light guide plate 264a becomes an illuminator. That is, by adopting the configuration of FIG. 26, a plurality of horizontally long illumination bodies (264) are arranged in parallel. The light guide plate 264 is 264a → 264b →
264c → 264d → 264e → 264a can be sequentially turned on or off (scanning).

As the reflecting plate 265, a film-shaped or plate-shaped reflecting plate is used. These are made of aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), titanium (T
i), a metal thin film such as gold (Au) is deposited, and a vapor deposition film made of an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ is formed on the surface of the metal thin film in order to prevent oxidation of the metal thin film. Further, a glossy paint may be used. In addition, a dielectric mirror composed of a dielectric multilayer film may be employed. Further, a cut metal plate made of Al or the like may be used.

However, the reflection plate 265 is not limited to the one that reflects light, but may be one having the property of diffusing light on the surface. For example, a sheet or plate coated with fine powder of opal glass or the like, a sheet or plate coated with fine powder of Ti (titanium oxide) is exemplified.

FIG. 27 is a partial cross section of FIG. FIG.
In this embodiment, a concave portion 273 is formed by cutting a metal plate, and a reflective film 265 such as Al is formed in the concave portion 273. The light guide plate 264 is fitted in the recess 273.

[0192] A prism sheet 272 is disposed on the light exit surface of the light guide plate 264. The prism sheet is the light guide plate 2
It has a function of increasing the intensity of light emitted from the light 64 (a function of narrowing directivity). The prism sheet 272 is manufactured and sold by 3M Corporation.

[0193] A diffusion sheet 271 is disposed on the light exit surface of the prism plate 272. The diffusion sheet prevents the unevenness of the prism plate 272 from being seen through the display panel 31. This diffusion sheet 271 is manufactured and sold as a light-up series by Kimoto Corporation.

The light concentration is high near the light emitting element 261. Therefore, the brightness near the light emitting element 261 increases,
The display becomes uneven. As a countermeasure, in the lighting device according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 28, a light diffusing portion 281 is formed or arranged near the light emitting element 261.

As shown in FIG. 29, the light diffusing section 281 includes circular or square light diffusing dots 291. The light diffusion dots 291 are formed directly on the surface of the light guide plate 264 or as a diffusion sheet 271.

The surface of the light guide plate 264 or the display panel 3
The light diffusion portion 281 is formed or arranged on the sheet 271 arranged between the light guide plate 264 and the light guide plate 264. The light diffusion portion has a function of reducing the light reaching the display panel 31 by diffusing the original light, and a light diffusion portion of reducing the light reaching the display panel 31 by directly shielding the light with a metal film or the like. included.

As shown in FIG. 28, the light diffusing section 281
D261 is formed in the vicinity of D261 in a large arc shape.
It is formed small at the position away from. Also, the light diffusion unit 28
1 may have a configuration such as smoked glass that reduces light transmission or the light rectilinear rate over the whole, but a configuration in which light diffusion dots 291 are formed as shown in FIG. 29 is more preferable. The light diffusion dots 291 are large near the LED 261 and small near the LED 261. By forming the light diffusion portion 281 in this way, the illumination light emitted from the backlight 266 is uniform over the entire area.

The light diffusion dots 291 are not limited to those that diffuse (scatter) light, but may be those that block light. This is because, even if a part of the light emitted from the light emitting element 261 is shielded, there is a luminance reduction effect, and a function of making the illumination surface of the illumination device uniform can be exhibited.

Light emitted from the surface of the light guide plate 264 is
The area near the light emitting element 261 increases and the center area decreases.
To cope with this problem, in the embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
As shown at 0, a light diffusion member (light diffusion dot) 301 is formed on the surface of the light guide plate 264. The light diffusing member 3
01 may be a light shielding material (reflection film) as described in FIG.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 30A, the light guide plate 2
A point-like light diffusing member is formed or arranged at 64 or the like. The area of the light diffusion member at the center of the light guide plate 264 is increased, and the area at the periphery (near the light emitting element) is reduced. In the case where 301 is a reflective film, the reverse is true. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 0 (b), the light diffusing member 301 may have a stripe shape. Also in this case, the area of the light diffusing member at the center of the light guide plate 264 is increased, and the area at the periphery (near the light emitting element) is reduced. In the same manner as in FIG. 30A, when 301 is a reflective film, the reverse is true.

In FIG. 31A, the reflection plate 265 does not have a reflection function. It is used simply as a light guide plate 264 and a housing for holding it. The reflection film is formed by vapor deposition on the side surface and the back surface of the light guide plate 264. (Reflection film 311). Reflective film 31
1 is directly formed on the light guide plate 264, and aluminum (A
1) Alternatively, a reflection sheet on which silver (Ag) is deposited may be attached to the light guide plate 264. Further, it may be arranged between the light guide plate 264 and the reflection plate 265. Such a reflective sheet is sold by 3M under the trade name Silverlux.

FIG. 31B shows a configuration in which the inside of the light guide plate 264 is hollow (hollow portion 312). By making the inside of the light guide plate 264 hollow, the lighting device can be reduced in weight. Alternatively, a liquid or gel may be inserted into the hollow part. As these liquids or gels,
Examples include water, saltylsanmethyl, ethylene glycol and the like. Since the specific gravity of the liquid or the gel is smaller than that of the resin, it is possible to reduce the weight of the lighting device as described above.

It is to be noted that sodium hydroxide or the like is added to water or gel inserted into the hollow portion 312,
H is set to 10 or more and 13 or less, more preferably 10.5 or more and 12 or less. By making the inserted water or gel alkaline, even if these liquids leak, the reflection film 311 and the like are less likely to be oxidized and are stable.

The display panel 31 operates in the OCB mode (Opti).
Calli Compensated Bend Mo
It is preferable to use the liquid crystal display panel of de). TN
A liquid crystal display panel of a mode or the like can be used, but for the sake of simplicity, the description will be made assuming that a high-speed response OCB mode or a high-speed TN liquid crystal of Merck is used. In addition, it goes without saying that a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like may be used.

Also, TN liquid crystal, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, ECB
Mode, vertical alignment (VA) mode, IPS mode, ST
It goes without saying that an N liquid crystal, a DAP mode, or the like can also be used.

When the light modulation layer 18 of the display panel 31 is in the OCB mode, it is necessary to apply (transfer) a rectangular or sinusoidal voltage (AC voltage) immediately after power-on. The magnitude of the voltage is preferably ± 5 (V) or more and ± 20 (V) or less. The voltage frequency is 0.2 (H
z) It is preferable to set it to 50 (Hz) or more. This voltage is applied between the counter electrode 15 and the gate signal line 24 or between the counter electrode 15 and the common electrode 101.

In the OCB mode, if the absolute value of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer during a certain time is small, the alignment state of the liquid crystal returns to the initial state (the transition state returns to the original state).
There is a problem. In order to solve this, a rectangular wave (AC signal) having a large amplitude is forcibly applied during the blanking period of the video signal, or a signal such as a counter electrode, a common electrode (one electrode of the storage capacitor), or a gate signal line. An AC signal may be applied to the wire.

To deal with the case where the transition state is incomplete,
An image quality improvement button is arranged on the display device. The image quality improvement button is preferably a push type. Press the button to “improve screen display” or “initialize screen”
A message indicating that the display state of the screen is readjusted is displayed on the screen of the display device. Thereafter, a transition voltage is applied to the display panel of the display device, and the orientation state of the OCB liquid crystal is re-transferred.

It is preferable that the time required for this transfer can be arbitrarily adjusted by a user or a manufacturer. The transition voltage application time is adjusted with a volume or the like. In addition, it is preferable that the transition time be configured to change according to the temperature of the display device. In addition, it is preferable that the image quality structure button be configured so that the time for applying the transition voltage is prolonged when the button is continuously pressed.

It is desirable that these AC signals have a peak-to-peak amplitude value of 10 (V) or more and 40 (V) or less, a frequency of 0.2 (Hz) or more and 50 (Hz) or less, and at least one cycle. It is desirable to apply the above. Alternatively, the circuit may be configured to detect a case where the voltage applied to the pixel is equal to or less than a certain value and to force the voltage to be applied to the pixel electrode. Further, the return of the orientation state of the OCB depends on the temperature. Therefore, it is preferable that the applied AC signal has temperature dependency. Basically, a lower temperature requires a higher voltage. The temperature may be detected by a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple, determined by the MPU, and the amplitude value or the like may be changed and applied to the liquid crystal layer.

[0211] The display panel 31 may be arranged with the opposing substrate 12 side facing the illumination device (backlight) 266 or with the array substrate 11 facing the backlight 266 side.

The lighting device 266 is driven by sequentially turning on (turning off) the light emitting elements 261 sequentially. In FIG. 33, reference numeral 331 denotes a non-lighting portion (the light guide plate 264 portion where the light emitting element 261 is not lit), and 332 denotes a lighting portion (the light guide plate 264 portion where the light emitting element 261 is in the lit state).

In one lighting device, the relationship between the area S1 of the non-lighting portion 331 and the area S2 of the lighting portion 332 preferably satisfies the following expression (Equation 6).

1: 3 ≦ S1: S2 ≦ 5: 1 (Equation 6) More preferably, the relationship of the following equation (Equation 7) is satisfied.

1: 1 ≦ S1: S2 ≦ 3: 1 (Equation 7) As the value of S2 / S1 is smaller, the blur of the moving image is smaller, and excellent moving image display can be realized. On the other hand, the larger the value of S2 / S1, the greater the blur of the moving image. However, the displayed image becomes bright.

Generally, when the environment (room) where the display panel is viewed is bright, it is necessary to brighten the display screen. In this case, the number of light-emitting elements 261 is increased. When the display screen is bright and the room is bright, blurred moving images are difficult to see. On the other hand, if the environment (room) is dark, the observer's eyes will be noticed unless the brightness of the display screen is reduced. In that case, the number of light-emitting elements 261 is reduced. When the display screen is dark and the room is dark, blurred moving images are easily seen. By reducing the number of lights, the period during which the display screen is displayed in black becomes longer,
Video blur is improved.

As described above, in order to change the number of light-emitting elements 261 lit, the intensity of external light (ambient light) is automatically detected by a photosensor (not shown), in addition to the manual operation using a remote controller or a changeover switch. Detection may be performed, and the detection may be automatically performed based on the detection result. PI as photo sensor
Examples include an N photodiode, a phototransistor, and CdS.

In the following, description will be made focusing on the lighting section. As can be seen from FIGS. 33 (b), (c) and (d), the scanning of the lighting section is performed from the upper part U to the lower part D of the screen.
FIG. 34 shows this state as viewed from the lateral direction. In FIG. 34, the range of A is a range that can be seen as an image by an observer at a certain time (time) (afterimages are not considered).

The liquid crystal layer 18b of the display panel 31 has a predetermined transmittance during one frame period due to the voltage written to the pixel. Therefore, if the entire backlight 266 emits light, the display area A of the display panel 31
(Region where the image is visible). However, in the backlight according to the embodiment of the present invention, only a part of the backlight is turned on at a certain time, so that the area A is limited.

In FIG. 34, points (lines) at which images are written on the display panel 31 are indicated by S. Writing an image means that when the display panel 31 is a liquid crystal display panel, a voltage (ON voltage) for turning on the thin film transistor 91 (TFT) as a switching element is applied to the gate signal line of the corresponding line, and the connection to this gate signal line is made. Pixel 1
4 means that a voltage is written. The written voltage is maintained until a next writing (one frame or one field).

The liquid crystal on the pixel 14 does not immediately reach the target transmittance even when a voltage is applied to the pixel. In a TN liquid crystal, the rise time of the liquid crystal is about 25 to 40 msec.
In the OCB mode, it is 2 to 5 msec. Since the rise time is a state in which the transmittance changes (hereinafter, referred to as a transmittance change state), it is not preferable that the changing state be seen by an observer (user) of the display device.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the backlight is turned off in the portion where the transmittance is changed. On the other hand, a state in which the transmittance completely reaches the target transmittance (hereinafter, a transmittance target state)
The backlight is turned on at the part. Therefore, a good image display can be realized without blurring of a moving image or the like.

As is clear from FIG. 34, FIG.
In this state, the backlight in the range A below the point S where the image is written is on. Since the portion A is immediately before the voltage is written, a sufficient time has elapsed since the voltage was applied to the pixel. Therefore, the portion A is a region where the transmittance is in the target state.

Thereafter, (FIG. 34 (a)) → (FIG. 34
(B)) → (FIG. 34 (c)) → (FIG. 34 (d)) → (FIG. 34 (a)) → (FIG. 34 (b)). In any case, the backlight 266 in the region A is turned on after a sufficient period has elapsed since the voltage was applied to the pixel.
Therefore, a good image can be displayed.

In FIG. 34, the backlight immediately below point S is turned on (part A), but the invention is not limited to this. The portion A means that the liquid crystal or the like is turned on in the transmittance target state or a similar state. Therefore, any position may be used as long as a predetermined time has elapsed since the voltage was applied to the pixel.
Further, the portion A does not need to be completely continuous, and may be divided into a plurality of portions.

The lighting cycle of the portion of the backlight A and the cycle of rewriting the screen of the display panel 31 (rewriting cycle) are matched. Usually, the writing cycle to the liquid crystal display panel is 50 Hz or 60 Hz. However, 50Hz ~
If the frequency is 60 Hz, the display screen may be in a flicker state. Therefore, the rewrite cycle is 70 Hz or more and 180
Hz or less is preferable. Above 80Hz 1
The frequency is preferably set to 50 Hz or less. In order to realize this cycle, the video data applied to the liquid crystal display panel 31 is once digitized and stored in the memory. Then, a time axis expansion conversion is performed, and an image is displayed at a target rewriting cycle.

The flickering occurs as described above due to different direction characteristics between a state in which a positive voltage is applied to the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal display panel and a state in which a negative voltage is applied, or synchronization of backlight lighting and liquid crystal display. It is considered that a frequency of １ ／ of the rewriting cycle appears due to a shift from the rewriting synchronization of the panel 31. That is, the rewrite cycle is 50
At 25 Hz, a component of 30 Hz appears at 60 Hz. FIG. 36 shows the measurement of this relationship. In the graph of FIG. 36, the horizontal axis represents the frequency f. This frequency is 周波 数 of the rewriting cycle. The vertical axis indicates the flicker visibility coefficient A when the display panel 31 is viewed.
n.

That is, the graph of FIG. 36 shows the case where the lighting cycle and the rewriting cycle are made to coincide with each other, and these cycles (twice the frequency f) are changed. The time when the flicker is felt most is standardized to 1.0.

According to the graph of FIG. 36, at 10 Hz (the rewriting cycle is 20 Hz), it is felt that the flicker is greatest. However, the flicker rapidly decreases around 30 Hz. At 40 Hz, almost no flicker is felt. From this result, the rewriting cycle of the display panel is 70 Hz or more,
Preferably, the frequency is 80 Hz or higher. 90H
It is perfect if z is greater than or equal to z. The upper limit frequency depends on the processing speed of the driving circuit of the display panel. 180 Hz (3x speed), three times 60 Hz, would be a technical limit. NTS
At the C or VGA level, it is not possible to realize a quadruple speed higher than that, but the cost is high because high-speed components are required. Preferably, it should be 150 Hz or less, which is twice 75 Hz. If you want even lower costs,
It should be less than or equal to 120 Hz, which is twice 60 Hz. In addition, it is preferable that the driving is twice as much as the normal driving in view of the easiness of the circuit configuration. That is, 60 Hz × 2 = 120 Hz or 75 Hz
It is likely that Hz × 2 = 150 Hz.
For this reason, the rewriting speed of the display panel should be twice as high as the normal (conventional) rewriting speed.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. On the display panel 31, a source driver 41 for applying a video signal to a source signal line and a gate driver 351 for sequentially applying an ON voltage to a gate signal line are mounted. These drivers 351 and 4
1 is controlled by the driver controller 352. That is, the driver controller 352 controls the rewriting cycle of the display panel 31.

On the other hand, the LED array 262 attached to the end of the backlight 266 is connected to the LED driver 354. The LED driver 354 is controlled by the backlight controller 355. Therefore, the backlight 266 is controlled by the backlight controller 355.
Is controlled.

The backlight controller 355 and the driver controller 352 are controlled by the video signal processing circuit 356 in synchronization. Therefore, the rewrite cycle and the lighting cycle are synchronized.

By performing synchronization as described above, a good image without moving image blur is displayed in the image display area 353 of the display panel 31.

The above is the case of displaying a moving image. However, the image may be a still image. For example, a display panel of a personal computer mainly displays a still image. In the case of a moving image, a moving image is made to look good. However, line flicker is displayed as an adverse effect. Line flicker generated in a still image deteriorates image quality. This is because the screen flashes and it is hard to see.

When a still image is displayed, for example, when the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention is used as a monitor of a personal computer, the backlight controller 355 is controlled to be in the still image display mode.

In the still image display mode, the rewriting cycle and the lighting cycle as described with reference to FIG. 34 are performed without synchronization. Generally, the lighting cycle of the LED is made faster than the rewriting cycle. Preferably, the rewrite cycle is 1.5
More than double and less than 12 times. More preferably 2 times or more 6
Less than double. At this time, the ratio of the lighting part 332 and the non-lighting part 331 at the time of displaying a moving image described with reference to FIG.
This is because, if changed, the brightness of the screen changes when the mode is switched from the moving image display mode to the still image display mode. However, if the lighting cycle of the LED is changed,
Since the brightness of the screen may change depending on the time required for turning on the LED, it is preferable to provide a user switch or a user volume for finely adjusting the amount of current applied to the LED. Alternatively, a configuration may be adopted in which a change in luminance when switching from the moving image display mode to the still image display mode is measured in advance, and setup can be automatically performed when the display mode is switched. These can be easily realized by software of a microcomputer built in the display device.

If the lighting cycle is made faster, the observer does not recognize that the backlight is blinking. In addition, since there is no synchronization with the rewriting cycle of the display screen, no line flicker occurs. If a moving image is displayed in this state, the moving image is naturally blurred. However, there is no problem because the display is a still image. Also, it goes without saying that the backlight 266 may be set to the fully lit state in the still display state. It goes without saying that synchronization may be taken. This is because flickering does not occur if the backlight is turned on at high speed.

It is preferable that the moving image display mode as shown in FIG. 34 and the still image display mode described above can be switched by the user switch 357. Also, by calculating the image data between frames, it is automatically determined whether the moving image display state, the still image display state, or the moving image display state mode is appropriate, or the still image display state mode is appropriate. After the determination, the switch 357 may be configured to be switched by a microcomputer (MPU) (not shown) or the like. Detection of whether or not to display a moving image is established as an ID technology for a clear vision television or the like. That is, a moving image detection circuit is used.

When the display device is not used for a certain period of time, the screen brightness may be set so as to be reduced. In order to reduce the screen brightness, the area of the lighting section 332 shown in FIG. 33 may be reduced. This is the light emitting element 26
It can be easily realized by reducing the number of lightings of 1. This control can also be easily realized by using a timer circuit of the microcomputer.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 26, light emitting elements 261 are attached to both ends of a light guide plate 264. But,
The configuration is not limited to this, and the light emitting element 261 may be arranged at one end of the light guide plate 264 as shown in FIG. In this case, the light emitting elements 261 may be arranged on the opposite surfaces of the light guide plate 264 as in the relationship between 261a and 261d in FIG. This is to suppress the occurrence of the luminance distribution on the left and right of the lighting device 266.

In the configuration of FIG. 37, a λ / 4 plate (λ / 4 film) 371 is attached to the opposite end of the light guide plate 264 where no light emitting element 261 is attached. The reflection film 301b is formed or arranged on the back surface of the λ / 4 plate. The λ of λ / 4 is the main wavelength (nm) or the central intensity wavelength (nm) generated by the light emitting element 261.
It is. For example, λ = 550 nm. Therefore, λ / 4 means a film having a phase difference of λ of λ.

The light incident on the λ / 4 plate 371 is reflected by the reflection film 30.
Then, the light is reflected from the λ / 4 plate 371 and again enters the light guide plate 264. At this time, the phase of the incident light is 90 degrees (DE
G. FIG. )Rotate. That is, P-polarized light changes to S-polarized light, and S-polarized light changes to P-polarized light.

In the case where a polarization type display panel is used on the front surface of the lighting device according to the embodiment of the present invention, P-polarized light or S-polarized light is used.
Only one of the polarizations is used. By arranging the λ / 4 plate 371 for rotating the polarized light as shown in FIG. 37, the role of the polarized light component transmitted through the display panel 31 increases. Therefore, high brightness display can be realized. It is considered that this is because a part of the polarized light component that does not pass through the polarizing plate of the display panel is reflected and returns to the inside of the light guide plate 264 again.

Of course, as will be described later, a polarization beam splitter (hereinafter referred to as PBS) 4 as shown in FIG.
52 may be arranged on the light emitting surface of the light emitting element 261.
Only one of the P-polarized light component and the S-polarized light component is incident on the light guide plate 264, and the λ / 4 plate 371 acts to improve the light use efficiency and improve the image display.

Further, if the configuration is as shown in FIG. 53, the light use efficiency is greatly improved. The PBS 452 is optically coupled to the light guide plate 264 with an optical coupling material 172.
On one surface of the PBS 452, a white L as the light emitting element 261 is provided.
ED is installed. In the PBS 452, the reflection film 301 is formed or arranged on a portion other than the light exit surface 531.

A white LED (light) as a light emitting element
Emitting diode (261) is sold by Nichia Corporation with a GaN-based blue LED chip surface coated with a YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) -based phosphor. In addition, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. has developed a white LED in which a yellow light-emitting layer is provided in a blue LED manufactured using a ZnSe material. Note that the light emitting element is not limited to a white LED. For example, when an image is displayed in a field sequential manner, one or more LEDs of R, G, and B light emission may be used. In addition, L of R, G, B
The EDs may be arranged densely or in parallel, and the three LEDs may be turned on in a field sequential manner in synchronization with the display on the display panel. In this case, it is preferable to dispose a light diffusion plate on the light emission side of the LED. By disposing the light diffusion plate, the occurrence of color unevenness is eliminated.

Examples of the optical coupling material 172 include liquids such as methyl salicylate and ethylene glycol, and solids such as alcohol, water, phenol resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicon resin, and low melting point glass. Optical coupling material 1
72 is a light guide plate 2 for bettering the light generated by the LEDs 261 and the like.
64. Almost any transparent material having a refractive index of 1.38 to 1.55 can be used.

The white LED 261 tends to have uneven color. As a countermeasure, adding a light diffusing agent to the optical coupling material 172 is effective in suppressing the occurrence of color unevenness. This is because the light generated from the LED is scattered by the diffusing agent. The addition of the diffusing agent refers to adding fine powder of Ti or Ti oxide, or making the refractive index of the optical coupling material 172 cloudy by mixing a different substance (or liquid).

Light 201a emitted from light emitting element 261
P-polarized light or S-polarized light is reflected by the light separation surface 454 of the PBS 452 (reflected light 201b). The reflected light 201b enters the light guide plate 264. On the other hand, the light 201c that has passed through the light separating surface 454 is incident on the λ / 4 plate
The light is reflected at 01c, and polarization conversion is performed.

Therefore, the light 201d reflected by the reflection film 301c is reflected by the light separation film 454. Light separation film 454
Is reflected by the λ / 4 plate 371b and the reflection film 301.
The polarization is converted again at d.

Therefore, the reflected light 201e is transmitted to the light separation film 45.
4 and enters the light guide plate. The reflected light 201e is transmitted through the light separation film 454. In addition, a diffusion sheet 271 is arranged instead of the λ / 4 plate 371b and scattered so that the light component having the same polarization component as the light 201b reflected by the light separation film is increased as much as possible.

In addition, the configuration shown in FIG. 54 further improves the light use efficiency. In the light 201 a emitted from the light emitting element 261, one polarization component is reflected by the light separation film 454 (reflected light 201 b) and enters the light guide plate 264. On the other hand, the light 201c passing through the light separation film 201c is
The light is reflected at 55 and polarization-converted by the λ / 2 plate 456 (light 201e). Therefore, the polarization directions of the light 201e and 201b are aligned.

The light utilization efficiency is further improved by combining the above-described configurations shown in FIGS. 53 and 54 with the configuration shown in FIG.

When the configuration shown in FIG. 54 or the like is used, since the polarization directions in the light guide plate 264 are uniform, only the reflection film 301 may be used except for the λ / 4 plate 371 in FIG. This improves the light use efficiency.

In the above embodiment, the light guide plate 264 is provided with a reflection plate (or light shielding plate 265) for partitioning the light guide plate 264. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The light plate 264 may be used.

In FIG. 38, L is provided at both ends of the light guide plate 264.
An ED array 262 is arranged or formed. LED
The array 262 has LED elements formed continuously.
The lighting position of this LED element is scanned by an LED driver. By this scanning, the lighting section A moves smoothly in the direction of the arrow. Even with this configuration, the display method in FIG. 34 can be realized.

However, in FIG. 38, since there is no reflector 365, the vicinity of the LED element 262 is inevitably bright and the center is dark. In order to cope with this problem, light diffusion dots 291 shown in FIG. 29 are formed or arranged, and a reflection film 301 is formed at the center and the periphery of the light guide plate 264 as shown in FIG.
Alternatively, the area of the light diffusion member is made different. In addition, LED
By changing the lighting LED of the array 262, the brightness of the display screen can be adjusted linearly. In addition, by using a prism or the fiber-shaped light guide plate 264 of FIG. 32, the light emitting surface of the light guide plate 264 can be made a good linear shape.

In the above embodiment, the light guide plate is illuminated using the white LED 261. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a rod-shaped fluorescent tube 391 can be employed as shown in FIG. In addition, a micro fluorescent lamp of Tohoku Electronics Co., Ltd., a fluorescent lamp of Luna series of Optonics Co., Ltd., a fluorescent light emitting device of Futaba Electronics Co., Ltd., or a neon tube of Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. is used as the light emitting device 261. You may. In addition, light from a discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp or a halogen lamp may be guided by an optical fiber, and this may be used as a light emitting element (part), or external light such as sunlight may be used as a light emitting element (part).

FIG. 39 (a) is a diagram showing a configuration example using two fluorescent tubes 391. The fluorescent tubes 391a and 391b are turned on alternately. FIG. 39B shows an example of a configuration using four fluorescent tubes 391. The fluorescent lamp as the light emitting element 261 is 391a → 391b → 391c → 391d → 391
Light on sequentially a →. In addition, a group of 391a and 391b and a group of 391c and 391d are turned on alternately. In addition, as a special lighting method, a set of 391a and 391c and a set of 391b and 391d may be alternately turned on. The above items also apply to the embodiments in FIGS. 26, 37, and 38).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 26 and the like, the light emitting element 261 for emitting white light is used, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, FIG.
As shown in the figure, red (R) LED 261R, green (G) LED 261G, and blue (B) LED LE
D261B may be used.

In recent years, a method has been developed in which a color filter is not formed on the liquid crystal display panel 31 and the light source color is switched to R, G, and B sequentially for display (field sequential). This method uses the video display and blinking light source (R, G,
The image (video) is displayed in synchronization with the switching of the B light). Therefore, there is no loss of the color filter. There is an advantage that the structure of the liquid crystal display panel is simplified and the production yield is improved.

FIG. 79 shows an illumination device (backlight) according to an embodiment of the present invention suitable for field sequential driving.
It is. 26 is different from FIG. 26 in that red (R) LED 261R, green (G) LED 261G, and blue (B) LED 261 are used instead of the white LED 261.
B is arranged. When the display image on the display panel (not shown) is red, the LED 261R is turned on. When the display image on the display panel is green, the LED 261G is turned on. When the display image on the panel is blue, the LED 261B is turned on.
Lights up.

FIGS. 79 and 80 show examples in which a light emitting element such as an LED is arranged at the edge of the light guide plate 264. As shown in FIG.
Needless to say, they may be arranged or formed. Further, a part or the whole of the light guide plate 264 may be LED, EC
Needless to say, it may be formed by a self-luminous element such as For example, an organic EL panel in which R, G, and B light emitting regions are formed in a dot matrix shape or a stripe shape is exemplified. Further, the ultraviolet light is converted to R,
A fluorescent light emitting element that emits light by changing the color to G or B is exemplified.

FIG. 79 includes R, G, and B light emitting elements. In order to make the backlight emit daylight, the R, G, and B light emitting elements may be turned on simultaneously or sequentially within an extremely short time. The color balance (white balance) can be freely changed by individually changing the voltage or current applied to the R, G, and B light emitting elements. It is preferable that the color balance can be automatically or manually changed depending on the content of the display image on the display panel (natural image, classical, popular etc.). To change manually, a changeover switch may be provided on a remote controller or the like.

It is preferable that the emission color of the backlight can be automatically or manually switched according to the spectral distribution of external light such as sunlight or light of a fluorescent lamp which enters the display panel.

It goes without saying that the above is also applied to the lighting apparatus of another embodiment of the present invention such as FIG. The same applies to the following items.

FIG. 80 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which an LED 261W for white W is separately provided. When lighting is performed in a field sequential manner, the R, G, and B LEDs are turned on, and when normal W light emission is performed, 261 W is turned on. Also,
The display image may be displayed separately from the luminance display (Y) and the color display (C). When the display panel (not shown) performs the luminance display, the LED 261W is turned on, and when the color display (C) is performed, the R, G, and B LEDs are turned on simultaneously or sequentially.

In order to perform the backlight blinking operation in a field sequential manner as shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the operation is as shown in FIG. 81. The left side of FIG. 81 shows the lighting state of the backlight 266, and the right side shows the display state of the display panel.

The display panel 31 on the right side of FIG.
The display images of R, G, and B are sequentially displayed. On the other hand, backlight R emission, G emission, and B emission are sequentially performed (scanning).
In addition, the position of the non-light emitting portion 331 is also scanned. Therefore,
The display image of the display panel 31 on the place 332G where the backlight 266 emits G light is a G display image, and the display image of the display panel 31 on the place 332R where the backlight 266 emits R light is an R display. It is an image. Further, the display image of the display panel 31 on the portion 332B where the backlight 266 emits B light is a B display image.

As described above, moving image blur can also be improved by field sequential display. It should be noted that the ratio between the non-lighted portion and the lighted portion, and other items are the same as those described in FIG.
It goes without saying that you can do it. Also, it goes without saying that these can be applied to the viewfinder and the like of the embodiment of the present invention also in the field sequential drive.

In the above embodiments, FIGS. 79 and 26, etc., the light emitting element 261 is arranged or formed at the end of the light guide plate 264. The configuration in FIG. 40 is a configuration in which the light emitting element 261 is arranged on the back surface of the light guide plate 264. FIG. 40 (b)
40 is a sectional view taken along line aa ′ of FIG.

A hole for inserting the LED 261 is formed on the back surface of the light guide plate 264. As shown in FIG. 41, the LED 261 is sandwiched between protrusions 411 formed in a part of the hole, and is configured not to come out once inserted. Further, the terminal electrode 403 of the LED 261 and the light guide plate 2
The electrode pattern 402 formed on the back surface of the substrate 64 is connected by a Honda wire. The electrode pattern 402 is formed of Al or Ag, and also functions as a reflective film on the back surface of the light guide plate 264. Therefore, it is formed on the entire back surface of the light guide plate 264 so as to have as little clearance as possible.

The LED 261 has the electrode pattern 402
A (positive electrode) and 402b (negative electrode) supply current. In addition, by increasing the size of the electrode pattern 402, a reduction in resistance can be expected. In order to prevent oxidation on the surface of the electrode pattern 402, it is desirable to form an insulating film such as SiO _{2 on} the surface.

The electrode pattern 402 is made of a transparent material (I
TO or the like). In this case, the reflection sheet 15 is arranged on the back surface of the light guide plate 264 as shown in FIG. Further, a transparent material such as ITO and a metal thin film may be laminated, or a reflective film composed of a dielectric multilayer film may be formed on one surface of ITO.

The light emitting element 261 inputs light to the light guide plate 264 via the light diffusing material 401. This light diffusing material 401 eliminates color unevenness of the light emitting element 261 and enables uniform illumination. It goes without saying that the configuration described with reference to FIG. 79 can be applied.

The light emitting element 261 is turned on for each line or for a plurality of lines. That is, when the light emitting elements 261a in the range A of FIG. 40 are turned on, the light emitting elements 261b in the range B are turned on. Thereafter, the light emitting elements are sequentially turned on. By performing such driving, the display method of FIG. 34 can be realized.

The light emitting surface of the light guide plate 264 is provided with the diffusion sheet 2.
71 (diffusion member) is formed or arranged. In particular, since the luminance becomes high in the vicinity of the light emitting element 261, the light diffusion portion 281 is formed as shown in FIG. 40, the light diffusing portion 281 is formed directly on the light guide plate 264 or on the sheet 271. Further, the sheet 271 itself may have a light diffusing effect. The light diffusion sheet 27
A light diffusion portion 281 for further diffusing light may be formed on the light emitting device 1.

One or more prism sheets 272 or prism plates may be arranged on the light exit surface of the sheet 271. Note that a prism may be formed directly on the light guide plate 264 as in FIG. By using the prism sheet 272, the directivity of the light emitted from the light guide plate 264 is narrowed, and the display image on the display panel 31 can be made bright.

As a method for narrowing the directivity of light from the lighting device 266 to increase the brightness of the display on the display panel 31,
As shown in FIG. 17, a method using a microlens array (microlens sheet) 173 is also exemplified.

As described above, the microlens array 173 is formed with minute irregularities (microlenses 186) so as to have a periodic refractive index distribution. The micro lens 186 can also be formed by an ion conversion method manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. In this case, the surface of the microlens array 173 becomes planar.
Further, a stamper technology, transfer, offset printing, etching technology, or the like, which is implemented by OMRON Corporation or Ricoh Company, Ltd., may be used. In addition, there is a diffraction grating as a configuration having a periodic refractive index distribution.
These can also be used because they can generate the intensity of light spatially. The microlens array 173 may be formed or manufactured by rolling a resin sheet or by pressing.

However, the formation pitch Pr of the microlenses
When the pixel pitch Pd of the display panel 31 and the pixel formation pitch have a specific relationship, the occurrence of moire becomes severe. Therefore, it is important to configure so as to satisfy the following relationship.

As for the moiré, if the pixel pitch of the display panel is Pd and the pitch for forming the microlenses is Pr, the pitch P of the generated moire is expressed by (Equation 8).

1 / P = n / Pd−1 / Pr (Equation 8) The maximum moiré pitch becomes minimum in the following (Equation 9), and the modulation degree of moiré decreases as n increases. . Therefore, Pr /
Pd may be determined. A range of 80% or more and 120% of the value (determined) obtained by (Equation 9) is practically sufficient. First, n may be determined.

Pr / Pd = 2 / (2n + 1) (Equation 9) In order to further reduce the occurrence of moire, a diffusion sheet 271 having low scattering performance may be disposed between the microlens array 173 and the display panel 31. The above is the same for the other embodiments.

In the above embodiment, the display device is illuminated with the external light by the backlight 266 or the reflection method on the premise of the external light. A configuration for artificially generating external light is shown in a perspective view of FIG. FIG. 45 corresponds to FIG.
FIG.

A white LED is used as an example of the light emitting element 261. The light 201 emitted from the white LED 261 is P
The light is separated into P-polarized light and S-polarized light by the PS separation film 454 for separating polarized light and S-polarized light. The light 201d reflected by the PS separation film 454 is reflected by the mirror 455, and the phase is rotated by 90 degrees by the λ / 2 plate 456 to become the output light 201b. Therefore, the light 201a and 201d are polarized in the same phase.

The incident lights 201a and 201d enter the reflection type Fresnel lens 442 (see FIG. 46). The incident light is converted into parallel light by the reflection Fresnel lens 442 and illuminates the display panel 31.

The display panel 31 is a reflective or transflective display panel having reflective pixels. The reflection Fresnel lens 442 is formed by forming a reflection surface mirror into a Fresnel lens shape. The Fresnel lens is exemplified by a metal plate obtained by cutting a metal plate, or a metal thin film deposited on a resin plate made of pressed acrylic or the like.
Of course, a parabolic mirror may be used instead of the Fresnel lens.
Also, an elliptical mirror may be used. Further, a mirror in which a mirror is arranged or formed on the back surface of a transmission type Fresnel lens may be used.

The positional relationship between the display panel 31 and the reflection Fresnel lens (parabolic mirror) 442 is as shown in FIG. The light emitting element 261 is arranged at the focal position P of the parabolic mirror. The Fresnel lens may be a three-dimensional lens or a two-dimensional lens. When the light emitting element 261 is a point light source, 3
A dimensional one is adopted.

Light 201a emitted from light emitting element 261
Is converted into parallel light 201b by a parabolic mirror 471 (this is a reflection Fresnel lens 442). Converted light 2
01b enters the display panel 31 at an angle θ. This angle θ is a matter of design, and is set so that the reflected light 201c is most easily seen by the observer (or is least likely to reach the eyes of the observer). Further, the polarizing plate 10 is disposed on the incident side of the display panel 31.

The reflection Fresnel lens 442 has a lid 445.
The display panel 31 is attached to the main body 441. The inclination of the lid 445 can be automatically changed by the rotating unit 446. When the lid 445 is folded, the projection 443 and the retaining portion 444 are connected to each other, and the lid 445 is closed.
Protects the display panel 31 and the reflective Fresnel lens 442. Further, a switch is configured in the fastening portion 444, and when the lid 445 is opened, the light emitting element 261 is automatically turned on, and the display panel 31 is operated (may be configured).

The main body 441 is provided with a changeover switch (turbo switch) 450. The turbo switch 450 switches between a normally black mode display (NB display) and a normally white mode display (NW display).

In the case of external light having general (daily) brightness, an image is displayed in the NW mode. The NW mode can realize a wide viewing angle display. The NB mode is used when it is very sensitive to external light. In the NB mode, when the liquid crystal layer is in a transparent state, the light reflected on the pixel electrode is directly viewed by an observer,
The displayed image can be viewed brightly. The viewing angle is extremely narrow. However, even if the external light is weak, the displayed image can be viewed well, so that it is used for personal use and there is no practical problem if it is used for a short time. Generally, since the NB mode display is rarely used, the NB mode display is usually set to the NW display and the NB mode display is made only when the turbo switch 450 is kept pressed. Of course, when the external light is weak, the light emitting element 261 is turned on,
Alternatively, the display panel 31 is illuminated using both the external light and the light emitting element 261.

Another feature of the display device shown in FIG. 44 is that a gamma switch 447 is provided. The gamma changeover switch 447 enables the gamma curve to be changed with one touch. This is because under the illumination of an incandescent light bulb, the color temperature of the incident light incident on the display panel 31 becomes reddish white of about 4800K, and in a daylight fluorescent lamp it becomes bluish white of about 7000K, and under outdoor sunlight. It becomes white of about 6500K. Therefore, the color of the display image on the display panel 31 differs depending on where the display device in FIG. 44 is used. In particular, this discomfort is great when moving from under fluorescent lighting to under incandescent lighting. At this time, by selecting the Gaman switch 447, the display image can be normally viewed.

The gamma changeover switch 447a sets a red gamma curve so that the transmittance (modulation rate) of the liquid crystal becomes small so that a good white display is obtained with the light of the incandescent lamp.
No. 447b reduces the blue transmittance (modulation rate) so as to be applied to a daylight fluorescent lamp. 447c is designed to provide the best white display under sunlight. Therefore, the user can view a good display image under any illumination light by selecting the gamma changeover switch 447. Of course, as described with reference to FIG. 81, the gamma curve may be switched with one touch depending on the content of the display image, or the gamma curve may be switched.

The incident angle of the light beam on the display panel 31 is adjusted by rotating the lid 445. Rotation is center of rotation 446
Mainly. With this configuration, light with good narrow directivity can enter the display panel 31.

On the light emitting side of the PBS 452 or the like, FIG.
As shown in (b), a convex lens 481 may be arranged. Since the optical path lengths of the display panel 31 and the light 201a are different from the optical path lengths of the display panels 31 and 201d, the convex lens 4
The positive powers of 81a and 481d are different. The convex lens 481 faces the light emitting element 261 in order to make the sine condition good. Further, as shown in FIG. 48A, a lens 481a may be arranged on the light emitting side of the light emitting element 261 and a lens 481b may be arranged on the light emitting side of the PBS 452 or the like. Further, the lens 481 may be colored so that the spectral distribution has a narrow band.

Further, as shown in FIG.
2. The beam splitter 453 and the like may be arranged in the horizontal direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 50, a long light emitting element (for example, a fluorescent tube 391) and a long PBS 452 may be used. In this case, the Fresnel lens 442 may be two-dimensional.

[0299] In the above embodiments, the display panel 31 and the display device described in the embodiments of the present invention are used. 26, 38, and 40 as well as external light.
It is preferable to use the backlight 266 as shown in FIG. It is preferable to apply the driving method shown in FIGS.

FIG. 52 shows a structure in which external light is condensed into illumination light instead of or in addition to the light emitting element 261.

The external light capturing section 521 has a fan shape.
It is formed of a transparent resin. The reflection film prevention 21 is formed on the light incident surface of the capturing section 521. In addition, a reflective film or the like is configured so that the incident light does not leak to the outside from portions other than the rotating portion 446. Further, the capturing unit 521 can be rotated around the rotating unit 446 as shown by a dotted line. The take-in portion 521 may be formed in any of a fan shape, a conical shape, and the like. That is, any shape may be used as long as it can collect light.

[0302] The condensed light 201a is reflected by the mirror 455a and enters the PBS 452. The rest is the same as FIG. On the other hand, the light from the light emitting element 433 is
Incident on. Therefore, the display panel 31 is illuminated by using one or both of the light emitting element 433 and external light. With the above configuration, it is possible to generate strong and narrow directional illumination light using external light.

FIG. 51 also shows a video display device using the display device of the embodiment of the present invention. In this configuration, the display panel 3
The light emitting 1 is configured to be reflected by the mirror 455 (or Fresnel lens) and then reach the eye 511 of the observer. Due to this configuration,
The distance between the observer's eye 511 and the display panel 31 can be sufficiently ensured. Further, the directivity of light reaching the observer's eye 511 is narrowed, and a high-contrast image display can be realized.

In the display device shown in FIG. 44 and the like, there is a contrivance for adjusting the contrast of the displayed image so as to be viewed best. This is because, in the state where the display image is displayed, the viewing angle varies depending on the content of the video. For example, the angle of the display panel 31 is inevitably adjusted centering on black in a screen of a dark scene, and the display panel 31 is adjusted centering on a white display in a screen of a whitish scene.
Adjust the angle of. However, when the video is a video image (moving image), it is difficult to optimally adjust the angle because the scene changes rapidly.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a monitor display section is provided to solve this problem. FIG. 44 shows a monitor display section 457a for displaying black and a monitor display section 45 for displaying white.
FIG. 7B is a diagram showing an embodiment provided with 7b. However,
It is not always necessary to provide both monitor display portions 457a and 457b, and only one of them may be provided as necessary. A black or white phosphor (peripheral portion) 458 is formed around the monitor display portion 457.

[0306] The monitor display section 457a shows black display of an image. The monitor display section 457b shows a white display of an image.
The observer adjusts the monitor display unit 457 so that the black display and the white display are best, and adjusts the viewing angle of the display screen. In general, the direction in which illumination light enters the display screen in a room is fixed, so the angle of the display screen (or the angle of the Fresnel lens 442) may be adjusted once.

[0307] The monitor display portion 457 shows the light modulation state of the liquid crystal layer 18. That is, the monitor display section 457 is formed at the periphery of the display panel 31 and at the place where the liquid crystal is filled.

A monitor electrode (not shown) is formed in the monitor display portion 457a for displaying black, and an AC voltage is constantly applied to the liquid crystal layer between the counter electrode 15 and the monitor electrode. This AC voltage is a voltage at which an image is displayed blackest. No electrode is formed in the liquid crystal layer 18. For example, in the case of a PD liquid crystal, the liquid crystal layer 18 is always in a scattering state (white display).

With the above structure, a constantly black display portion and a constantly white display portion can be manufactured. The observer has the always black display (monitor display 457a) and the always white display (monitor display 4).
57b) (adjusting the white display and the black display to be the best) while adjusting the angle of incidence of light on the display screen. Therefore, it is possible to easily adjust the angle so that the image looks best without looking at the display screen.

Particularly, the peripheral portion 458 is black or white, or the peripheral portion 458 of the monitor display portion 457 is black.
If the peripheral portion 458 of the monitor display portion 457b is white, the incident angle can be adjusted so that the color of the peripheral portion 458 and the color (luminance) of the monitor display portion 457 become closest. Therefore, adjustment becomes easy.

In FIG. 44, the monitor display section 457 is configured or formed by using the liquid crystal layer 18.
There is no limitation. For example, monitor display 4
57a may be formed by forming or disposing a reflection film (reflection plate or the like). That is, a pseudo liquid crystal layer 18 is produced. This indicates a black display. Further, the monitor display section 457b may have a reflection film (reflection plate or the like) formed or arranged on the back surface of the diffusion plate (diffusion sheet).
The scattering characteristics of the diffusion plate are made equal to the characteristics of the liquid crystal layer 18. This indicates a white display. Further, a reflection plate or a diffusion plate (sheet) can be used instead. The monitor display portion 457 can be formed by forming or arranging the above-described pseudo-approaching liquid crystal layer 18.

[0312] The monitor display portion 457 may be manufactured separately from the display portion by manufacturing a panel dedicated to the monitor display portion, and attaching a panel on which at least one of the black display 457a and the white display 457b is formed. The display panel 31
Is a transmissive display panel, it is needless to say that the liquid crystal layer 18 of the display panel 31 or a device fabricated in a simulated manner may be used. The monitor display section 45
7 may be formed or arranged so as to surround the periphery of the display area 353 of the display panel 31.

In FIG. 44, the monitor display section 457 mainly describes the case where the display panel 31 is a PD display panel. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For other display panels (STN liquid crystal display panel, ECB display panel, DAP display panel, TN liquid crystal display panel, ferroelectric liquid crystal panel, D
It can also be applied to SM (dynamic scattering mode) panels, vertical alignment mode display panels, guest host display panels, and the like.

For example, in a TN liquid crystal display panel, at least one of a display monitor 457 of white display and black display is used.
The liquid crystal layer 18 for the monitor 457 is actually formed,
Alternatively, a display monitor unit 457 that is pseudo equivalent to a liquid crystal layer
To form The same applies to the case where the reflective electrode is a mirror surface and the case where minute irregularities are formed.

The technical idea of arranging the monitor display section 457 is not limited to the image display device using the display panel 31 as the reflection type display panel, but is applied to the image display device using the transmission type display panel. Can also be applied.
This is because there is no difference in the concept of monitoring or adjusting the display state of black and white whether the display panel 31 is of the reflection type or the transmission type. In addition, this technical concept can be applied not only to a display device for directly observing a display image on a display panel, but also to a viewfinder, a projection display device (projector), a mobile phone monitor, a portable information terminal, a head mounted display, and the like. Needless to say.

In FIG. 44 and the like, the problematic point is that the light from the backlight or the light reflected by the reflective electrode directly enters the observer's eye 511, and the displayed image is inverted in black and white. As a method of preventing this, there is a method of arranging an embossed sheet on the surface of the display panel 31 or controlling the visibility of the light source with a microlens. In the embodiment of the present invention, measures are taken by arranging the prism plate 272 shown in FIG. 55 on the light emitting surface of the display panel.

The prism plate 272 is a prism sheet 272.
a and 272b are combined. The shape is exemplified by a sawtooth shape, and other triangular shapes, streamlines, conical shapes, triangular pyramids, sawtooth shape + sine curve shape and the like are exemplified. Basically, the prisms 272a and 272b have the same shape. Further, it has a stripe shape in the pixel row direction. Of course, the shape may be a mass-like shape (one square pyramid prism or the like is arranged in nxm pixels).

The prism plate 272 is formed of a transparent resin such as acrylic or polycarbonate, or a material such as glass. Further, a part or the whole may be colored, or a part or the whole may have a diffusion function. Further, the surface may be embossed or an anti-reflection film may be formed for anti-reflection. In addition, it is preferable to form a light-shielding film or a light-absorbing film in a portion that is not effective in displaying an image or a portion that does not hinder the image display so as to tighten the black level of a displayed image or to exert a contrast improving effect by preventing halation.

[0319] The prism plates 272a and 272b are arranged via a slight air gap 551. The air gap 551 is held by beads (not shown) dispersed in the air gap 551. It is preferable that the thickness (interval) a of the air gap 551 satisfies the following expression (Equation 10) when the diagonal length of the pixel of the liquid crystal display panel 31 is d.

D / 10 ≦ a ≦ 1/2 · d (Equation 10) Further, it is preferable to satisfy the condition of (Equation 11).

1/5 · d ≦ a ≦ 1/3 · d (Equation 11) The repetition pitch of the convex portion of the prism is (Equation 8), (Equation 9)
It is preferable to satisfy the following condition.

Also, the angle θ formed by the prism (DEG.)
Is preferably 25 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 60 degrees, and more preferably, the relationship of 35 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 50 degrees is satisfied.

In FIG. 55, light 201 emitted from a backlight (not shown) is totally reflected when the angle θ1 formed at the interface with the air gap is equal to or larger than the critical angle. Therefore, the light 201a is totally reflected, and the light 201b is transmitted through the prism plate 272. That is, a considerable amount of light directed toward the observer's eye 511 is totally reflected. Therefore, the displayed image is not inverted between black and white, and the contrast of the display panel is improved. In addition, this function works effectively for external light.

Further, the prism plate 272 as shown in FIG.
May be arranged on the incident surface of the display panel 31. The prism plate 272 in FIG. 56 is not a prism plate but a diagonally thin slit (which becomes an air gap 551) formed in a transparent substrate. The slit 551 is formed in a stripe shape in the left-right (pixel row) direction with respect to the display screen.

As shown in FIG. 57, light 201a, 201
b travels straight and enters the display panel 31. The light and molecular light 201c that are reflected by the reflective electrode 16 and directly enter the observer's eye 511 are totally reflected by the air gap 551 to become reflected light 201d. Therefore, the phenomenon that the image on the display panel 31 is inverted between black and white does not occur. This is the same in the structure of FIG.

The air gap 551 may be secured by spacers (beads, fibers) 583 as shown in FIG. 58A, or may be formed by protrusions 411 as shown in FIG. 58B. Further, a low refractive index material 581 may be used instead of the air gap 511, and the low refractive index material 581 and the high refractive index material 582 may be alternately formed as shown in FIG. The high refractive index material 582 includes ITO, TiO ₂ , Zn
S, CeO ₂ , ZrO ₄ , TiO ₄ , HfO ₂ , Ta ₂ O ₅ ,
ZrO ₂ or a polyimide resin having a high refractive index is exemplified, and the low refractive index material 581 is made of MgF ₂ , SiO ₂ , Al ₂
Examples include O _3, water, silicon gel, and ethylene glycol.

Preferably, the angle θ (DEG.) Of the air gap 551 shown in FIG. 56 satisfies the relationship of 40 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 80 degrees. Furthermore, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship of 45 degrees ≦ θ ≦ 65 degrees.

Incidentally, a polarizing means such as a polarizing plate may be arranged on the surface of the prism plate 272. Also, the prism plate 2
A dielectric multilayer film or a low refractive index (refractive index of 1.35 or more and 1.43 or less) is provided on the surface of 72 or the surface of the polarizing plate.
It is preferable to form an anti-reflection film 21 made of a resin film. Further, fine irregularities such as embossing may be formed on the surface of the flism plate 272. Further, it is preferable to form a light absorbing film in a region where light effective for image display does not pass.

The above embodiment has been applied to a display monitor or the like, but can also be applied to a video camera or the like as shown in FIG. FIG. 59 shows an example applied to a video camera. The present invention is applied to the direct-view monitor 31 and the viewfinder.

[0330] The display panel 31 can be folded and stored in the storage section of the video camera body 592. The video camera body 592 is provided with a photographic lens 591 and an eyepiece rubber 594 for a viewfinder.

In this specification, at least a light source (light generating means) such as a light emitting element and an image display device (light modulating means) which is not a self-luminous type such as a liquid crystal display panel are provided. The result is called a viewfinder.

[0332] In addition to a camera using a video tape, a video camera includes a camera for recording video on a disc such as an FD, MO, MD, etc., an electronic still camera, a digital camera, and an electronic camera for recording on a solid-state memory. .

FIG. 62 is a sectional view for explaining the viewfinder of the present invention. The viewfinder of FIG. 62 uses the display panel 31 of the embodiment of the present invention. In particular, it is preferable to use a PD liquid crystal display panel or a TN liquid crystal display panel. A lens array 624 and a convex lens 481 are arranged on the emission surface of the display panel 31.
Light emitted from the opening 622 illuminates the display panel 31. The micro lens 624 converts the light into light having a narrow directivity.

The convex lens 481 has a function of condensing the light modulated by the liquid crystal layer 18. Therefore, the effective diameter of the magnifying lens 612 can be smaller than the effective diameter of the display panel 31. Therefore, the size of the magnifying lens 612 can be reduced, and the cost and weight of the viewfinder can be reduced.

Incidentally, in FIG. 62, the display panel 31
Although described as a D liquid crystal display panel, the present invention is not limited to this. Needless to say, a polarization type display panel such as a TN liquid crystal display panel may be used.

The magnifying lens 612 is attached to the eyepiece ring 613. By adjusting the position of the eyepiece ring 613, the focus can be adjusted according to the diopter of the observer's eye. Further, the observer puts the eye 511 on the eyepiece rubber 6.
14 to view the display image closely.
Even if the directivity of the light from 66 is narrow, no problem occurs.

FIG. 61 is an explanatory view (sectional view) of a viewfinder according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
Is for converting light from the light source unit 433 disposed at the zero point (see FIG. 60) into substantially parallel light by the transparent block 601 having a parabolic mirror, and illuminating the display panel 31. The display panel 31 uses a transmissive type such as the present invention.

The transparent block 601 is a concave mirror centered on the focal point 0 as shown in FIG. 60, and converts the light radiated from the focal point 0 into parallel light by reflecting it on the reflecting surface 311. However, the reflective film 311 is not limited to the complete parabolic shape 602, but may be an elliptical shape. That is, anything may be used as long as it converts light emitted from the light emitting source into substantially parallel light. For example, a prism plate (prism sheet) or a phase film can be used. The light emitting element is not limited to a point light source, but may be a linear light source such as a thin fluorescent tube. For example, the paraboloid may be a two-dimensional paraboloid.

As shown in FIG. 60, when the light emitting element is a 433 point light source, the use portion 601 (transparent block) is formed by depositing a film of Al, Ag, or the like on the back surface of the use portion 601 which is a hatched portion, and reflecting the reflection surface 311. To form Reflecting surface 311 is Al, A
In addition to the metal material of g, a dielectric mirror or a material using a diffraction effect may be used. Further, another member having the reflection surface 311 formed thereon may be attached.

The light emitted from the white LED 433 enters the transparent block 601. The incident light 201a is converted into narrow directivity light 201b, enters the display panel 31, and is condensed by the field lens 481.
It is incident on 12. The field lens 481 is formed of a polycarbonate resin, a Zeonex resin, an acrylic resin, a polystyrene resin, or the like. The transparent block 601 is formed of the same material. Among them, the transparent block 601 is formed of polycarbonate.

The polycarbonate has a large wavelength dispersion. However, if it is used for an illumination system, there is no problem at all due to the effect of color misregistration. Therefore, it should be formed of a polycarbonate resin that can make use of the characteristic of high refractive index. Since the refractive index is high, the curvature of the paraboloid can be reduced, and the size can be reduced. Of course, it may be formed of an organic or inorganic glass. Further, a lens-like (concave) case filled with gel or liquid may be used. Also, a concave bowl with a part of the paraboloid may be processed (a part of a normal concave mirror is used instead of a transparent member).

When the reflection surface 311 is formed of a thin metal film such as Al, the surface is coated with a UV resin or the like, or is coated with SiO ₂ , magnesium fluoride or the like in order to prevent oxidation.

The reflection surface 311 may be formed of a metal thin film, or may be a reflection sheet or a metal plate. Alternatively, it may be formed by applying a paste or the like. Alternatively, a reflective film may be formed on another transparent block or the like, and the reflective film 311 may be attached to the transparent block 601. The optical interference film may be the reflection surface 311. In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG.

A light emitting element having directivity can be used. That is, the illumination range C is narrow. Therefore, light use efficiency is good. This is because the illumination area of the narrow display panel 31 can be efficiently illuminated. In this sense, a small (white) LED with a light emitting portion is optimal. The light emitting element 4
The arrangement position of 33 may be shifted from the focal point O back and forth. The size of the light emitting area of the light emitting element 433 only changes apparently. If it is longer than the focal length, the light emitting area becomes larger. If it is shorter than the focal length, the illumination area usually becomes smaller.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, only a half of the center line of the parabolic mirror is used, and the lower surface position of the light emitting element is not used as a region through which the illumination light passes.

The diagonal length m of the effective display area of the display panel 31
(Mm) (a region where pixels and the like are formed and an observer who sees the image in the viewfinder can see the image), and the focal length f (mm) of the parabolic mirror 602, the following (Equation 12) To satisfy the relationship.

M / 2 (mm) ≦ f (mm) ≦ 3 m / 2 (mm) (Expression 12) When f (mm) is shorter than m / 2 (mm), the curvature of the paraboloid becomes small, and the reflection surface 311 is formed. Angle of formation becomes large. Therefore, the depth of the backlight becomes long, which is not preferable. Further, if the angle of the reflection surface is too large, there is a problem that a luminance difference is likely to be generated in the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the display area of the display panel 31.

On the other hand, when f (mm) is longer than 3 m / 2 (mm), the curvature of the paraboloid becomes large, and the arrangement position of the light emitting element (light emitting portion) also becomes high. As a result, the depth of the backlight becomes longer as before.

When the white LED is of a chip type, the diameter of the light emitting region is about 1 (mm). When the parabolic surface is large, when the diagonal length of the effective display area of the display panel is long, and when the diagonal length is 1 mm in diameter, it may be small. That is,
The directivity of light incident on the display panel 31 is too narrow. Depending on the angle of view design of the magnifying lens 612, if the light emitting area of the light emitting element 433 is small, the display image cannot be seen if the eye is slightly away from the eyepiece cover 614. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange a diffusion plate or the like on the light emission side as shown in FIG. 43 to increase the light emitting area.

The white LED 433 performs constant current driving. By performing the constant current driving, a change in light emission luminance due to temperature dependence is reduced. In addition, the power consumption of the LED 433 can be reduced by performing pulse driving while keeping the emission luminance high. The pulse duty ratio is 1/2 to 1 /
4, and the cycle is 50 Hz or more. When the cycle is as low as 30 Hz, flicker occurs.

The diagonal length d (m) of the light emitting area of the LED 433
m) is the diagonal length of the effective display area of the display panel 31 (the diagonal length of the area effective for displaying an image viewed by the observer) is m (mm).
It is preferable to satisfy the following relationship (Equation 13).

(M / 2) ≦ d ≦ (m / 15) (Expression 13) More preferably, the following relationship (Expression 14) is satisfied.

(M / 3) ≦ d ≦ (m / 10) (14) If d is too small, the directivity of light illuminating the display panel 31 becomes too narrow, and the display image viewed by the observer becomes too dark. . On the other hand, if d is too large, the directivity of the light illuminating the display panel 31 becomes too wide, and the contrast of the displayed image decreases. As an example, when the diagonal length of the effective display area of the display panel 31 is 0.5 (inch) (about 13 (mm)), the light emitting area of the LED has a diagonal length or diameter of 2 to 3 mm.
(Mm) is appropriate. The size of the light emitting region can be easily achieved by gluing or disposing the diffusion sheet 31 on the light emitting surface of the LED chip.

[0354] The substantially parallel light means light having a narrow directivity, and does not mean perfect parallel light, and may be a light beam converging or spreading with respect to the optical axis. That is, it is used to mean light that is not a diffuse light source like a surface light source.

The above can be naturally applied to other display devices according to the embodiments of the present invention.

In FIG. 61 to FIG. 63, the liquid crystal layer 18
In order to absorb the light scattered by the above, it is preferable to keep the inner surface of the body 611 black or dark. Body 61
This is for absorbing scattered light at 1. Therefore, it is effective to apply black paint to an invalid area of the display panel 31 (an area where light effective for image display does not pass).

The liquid crystal layer 18 scatters or transmits the incident light based on the level of the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 14. Alternatively, the polarization direction is changed. The transmitted light reaches the observer's eye 511 through the magnifying lens.

In the viewfinder, the range seen by the observer is a very narrow range because it is fixed by the eyepiece cover (eye cap) 614 or the like. Therefore, a sufficient viewing angle (viewing range) can be realized even when the display panel 31 is illuminated with light having a narrow directivity. Therefore, the power consumption of the light source 433 can be significantly reduced. As an example, in a viewfinder using a display panel 31 of 0.5 (inch), power consumption of a light source is required to be 0.3 to 0.35 (W) in a surface light source system. With the view finder, the same display image brightness could be realized at 0.02 to 0.04 (W).

The observer looks at the displayed image while fixing the eye 511 with the eyepiece cover 614. Adjust the focus with the eyepiece ring 61
3 is moved. Note that the number of the light source units 433 is not limited to one, and may be plural.

FIGS. 61 and 62 show one liquid crystal display panel 3.
1 is used, but two liquid crystal display panels 31 are used as shown in FIG. FIG. 63
Is the one using PBS452.

As shown in FIG. 63, the liquid crystal display panels 31a and 31a
By displaying an image interpolating 1b and 1b, a high-definition image can be displayed on a low-definition liquid crystal display panel.
Also, the liquid crystal display panel 31a is a luminance (Y) display panel,
By forming a color filter on the liquid crystal display panel 31b to form a color (C) display panel, high definition and high luminance display can be realized. Further, the liquid crystal display panel 31b is used for R light modulation, and the liquid crystal display panel 31b is used for B light and G light modulation. What is necessary is just to form two color filters in a mosaic shape on one liquid crystal display panel.

In the viewfinder according to the embodiment of the present invention, the display panel 31 is a liquid crystal display panel. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
D) It goes without saying that a self-luminous display panel such as an organic EL may be used. Of course, the display panel 31
It goes without saying that a PD liquid crystal display panel and a TN liquid crystal display panel may be used as the above.

Also, the light angle θ incident on the display panel 31
2 may be vertical, but may be incident at an angle of about 0 ≦ θ2 ≦ 20 (DEG).

In the case of displaying in a field sequential manner, as shown in FIG. 63, R, G, B light emitting LEDs
433 is arranged. In addition to the R, G, and B light emission, a white (W) light emission LED may be used as shown in FIG. The effects and the like are as described in FIG.

In addition to the R, G, and B light emitting LEDs, light emitting elements of three primary colors of cyan, yellow, and magenta may be used.
The light emitting elements 433 are arranged as densely as possible. In addition, a light diffusion plate (not shown) is arranged on the light emission side to increase the light emitting area of the light emitting element and to suppress the occurrence of color unevenness due to the distribution of the R, G, and B light emitting positions. I do.

The same applies to FIG. 80 and the like, except that the light emitting elements R,
The number of G and B is not limited to one each, but G may be two and B and R may be one. You only have to consider the color balance.

[0367] Light from the light emitting element 433 is collected by the lens 481. The light condensing described in the view finder or the like is for converting the principal ray of the diverging light into parallel light or substantially parallel light. Further, depending on the display area of the display panel 31 or the aperture of the magnifying lens 612, the light may be designed to be convergent light, or the chief ray may be widened in design.

When the display panels 31a and 31b perform modulation of the same color, the light emitting element 433 is
The corresponding light emitting element 433 is turned on in synchronization with the applied video signal. That is, field sequential display is performed.
When the light emitting element 433 emits white light, normal display (drive) is performed.
I do. The display panel 31a modulates the G light, and the display panel 3
1b modulates the B light, the light emitting elements 433G and 43
3B lights up simultaneously. That is, if the display panel 31a is G
When the light and the display panel 31b are modulating the B light, the light emitting elements 433G and 433B are turned on.
When b modulates R light, 433B and 433R are turned on. When 31a modulates R light and 31b modulates G light, 433R and 433G are turned on. 33 and FIG.
By performing the driving method of No. 4, moving image blur can also be improved.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the PBS 45
We decided to use 2. The PBS is not limited to a solid block, but may be a sheet. Although the display contrast is slightly reduced, it is inexpensive. FIG.
A simple beam splitter may be used instead of the third PBS 452. The beam splitter has a function of dividing an optical path into a plurality of parts, and includes a dichroic mirror, a half mirror, a dichroic prism, and the like.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 63, the display panel 31 may be of a transmissive type or a semi-transmissive type. Further, as shown in FIG. 63, in order to prevent light reflected at the interface of the display panel 31 with air, as shown in FIG.
It is preferable that the optical coupling member 172 optically couples 52 and the display panel 31. Further, the prism plate 272 shown in FIGS. 55 and 56 may be arranged on the incident surface of the display panel 31 or between the backlight 266 and the display panel 31. These are also applied to FIG.

In FIG. 63, the number of display panels 31 is two. However, the number of display panels is not limited to two, and may be three or more. Further, the display panel 31 is a D
MD (Digital Micromirror Device) and Daewoo's TMA (Thin-film Micromirror)
or Array) may be used. Also, a hologram color filter using hologram development may be used as the color filter. These items also apply to other display devices and the like described in this specification.

The above is the case where the display area of the display panel 31 is relatively small. However, when the display area is as large as 30 inches or more, the display screen is easily bent. As a countermeasure, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
41, and the fixing member 642 attaches the outer frame 641 so that the outer frame 641 can be suspended. Using this fixing member 642, as shown in FIG. 65, it is attached to the wall 651 with screws 652 or the like.

However, as the size of the display panel 31 increases, the weight also increases. Therefore, the leg attachment portion 644 is arranged below the display panel 31 so that the weight of the display panel 31 can be held by a plurality of legs.

The leg can move left and right as shown in A, and the leg 643 can contract as shown in B. Therefore, the display device can be easily installed even in a narrow place.

Although the above embodiments are directed to a direct-view display device, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a projection display device as shown in FIG. That is, a discharge lamp 671 such as a metal halide lamp (MH lamp) or an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp (UHP lamp) may be used for illuminating the display panel 31. Light emitted from the discharge lamp 671 is collected by an ellipsoidal mirror 672 (or a parabolic mirror), and
In step a, the light is converted into substantially parallel light to illuminate the display panel 31. When the display panel 31 is of a reflection type, the display panel 31 may be illuminated from a diagonal direction by using the PBS 452. The light modulated by the display panel 31 is narrowed down by a field lens 481b and is incident on a projection lens 664. The projection lens 664 causes a screen (not shown).
Projected to

[0376] Reference numeral 674 in Fig. 67 denotes a rotary filter. The rotation filter 674 is rotated about a rotation axis 675 by a brushless DC motor 673. Rotary filter 6
Reference numeral 74 denotes a shape obtained by combining a plurality of fan-shaped dichroic filters. The motor 673 may use a pulse motor. As shown in FIG. 69, dichroic filters are arranged around a disk 675. The rotation filter 674R transmits the R light. Rotary filter 674
G is a dichroic filter that transmits G light, and rotation filter 674B is a dichroic filter that transmits B light. The rotation filter 674 converts the white light, which is the incident light 201, into R, G, and B light by time division by rotating. The display panel 31 uses a ferroelectric liquid crystal mode, an OCB mode, or an ultra high-speed TN mode crystal developed by Merck as the light modulation layer 18. Also, DMD developed by TI or TMA developed by Daewoo is used.

As shown in FIG. 68, the rotation filter 674
Are arranged in the case 684. The case 684 is formed or made of a metal material or an engineering plastic material. The surface of the rotary filter 674 is preferably formed with minute unevenness on the surface in order to reduce friction with air or the like. For example, like a golf ball. The motor 673 is also disposed in the case 684. In addition, the incident light 201
A transmission window 683 through which the light enters and exits is attached.

The transmission window 683 is formed with an AIR coat film (anti-reflection film) 21 for preventing reflection of incident light, and a UV cut film for cutting ultraviolet rays and an IR cut film for cutting infrared rays as required. Are formed.
The AIR coat film may be formed from an inorganic multilayer film in addition to the organic film.

When the display panel 31 is of the polarization modulation type,
A polarizing plate is attached to the transmission window 683, or a plate in which a polarizing plate is attached to a transparent substrate is arranged in the optical path. At this time, a substrate on which sapphire glass or a diamond thin film is formed may be used as the transmission window 683 or the plate on which the polarizing plate is attached. Further, a transparent ceramic substrate such as alumina may be used. These can also be used as a substrate material of a panel. This is because these have good thermal conductivity. A radiator plate 432 for radiating heat in the case 684 is attached to a part of the board case 684.

The case 684 is filled with hydrogen at 1 to 3 atm. Since hydrogen has a low specific gravity, windage loss caused by rotation of the rotary filter 674 can be reduced. Also, the heat radiation effect is high. However, hydrogen can explode when mixed with oxygen. Therefore, a sensor 681 for measuring the pressure and luminance of hydrogen is attached to a part of the case 684. Sensor 6
81 measures the pressure and / or purity of hydrogen in the housing, and issues a signal when the concentration of hydrogen or the like falls below a certain value.
In response to this signal, the indicator lamp “Check hydrogen concentration” is turned on and the lamp 671 is stopped.

By completely surrounding the rotary filter 674 or as much as possible with the case 684, noise can be prevented. However, when the case 684 has an opening, the hydrogen cooling system cannot be adopted. However, the noise-prevention effect that the wind noise of the rotary filter 674 and the electromagnetic noise of the motor can be suppressed well can be sufficiently exhibited. Also,
The periphery of the case 684 may be directly cooled with a liquid or the like.

Also, as shown in FIG. 67, panel 31 may be surrounded by case 684a, and filled with hydrogen and cooled as in FIG. Note that the other items described in FIG. 68 apply mutatis mutandis. For example, all applications, such as the filling pressure of hydrogen, are possible.

FIG. 67 illustrates a case where the light valve is of a reflection type such as a DMD (digital micromirror device). In addition, the same applies when the light valve is a reflective display panel such as a TMA developed by Daewoo Korea, IBM Corporation, Kopin Co., Ltd., a silicon-based liquid crystal panel developed by Display Tech or JVC. Applicable to Further, the display panel 31 of the embodiment of the present invention described above can be similarly applied.

The configuration shown in FIG. 67 can also be applied to a viewfinder. 67, the projection lens 664 may be a magnifying lens, and the illumination optical system 661 may be an LED. The LEDs may use three colors of R, G, and B, and may be driven in a field sequential manner in synchronization with the display state of the display panel 31. Also, the LED may be white.

FIG. 66 shows a method of performing color display using three display panels 31. Here, in order to facilitate the description, 31G is a display panel for displaying an image of G light, 31G.
R is a display panel for displaying an image of R light, and 31B is a display panel for displaying an image of B light. Therefore, the wavelength transmitted and reflected by each dichroic mirror 663 is
The dichroic mirror 663a reflects the R light and transmits the G light and the B light. The dichroic mirror 663b reflects the G light and transmits the R light. Dichroic mirror 6
63c transmits R light and reflects G light. The dichroic mirror 663d reflects the B light and transmits the G light and the R light.

Light emitted from a metal halide lamp (not shown) in the lamp house 661 is reflected by the total reflection mirror 45.
The light is reflected by 5a and the traveling direction of light can be changed.
The light is separated into light paths of three primary colors of R, G, and B light by dichroic mirrors 661a and 661b, the R light is transmitted to a field lens 481R, and the G light is transmitted to a field lens 48.
At 1G, the B light enters the field lens 481B. Each field lens 481 collects each light.
The display panel 31 modulates light by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal in accordance with the video signal. The R thus modulated
・ GB light is dichroic mirror 663c, 663d
And the image is enlarged and projected on a screen (not shown) by the projection lens 664.

The band of the UVIR cut filter 662 has a half value of 430 nm to 690 nm. The band of R light is 600 nm to 690 nm, and the band of G light is 510 to 570.
nm. The band of the B light is 430 nm to 490 nm. Each display panel 31 forms an optical image as a change in the scattering state according to each video signal.

FIG. 70 shows a case where light from a lamp 671 is guided by a prism 703 and illuminated. The display panel 31 is D
MD or TMA is used. These display panels 31,
A minute mirror (movable reflection type pixel 706) is formed in a matrix, and the inclination of the mirror is changed by electrostatic work or a piezoelectric effect, thereby modulating the incident destination.

[0389] One display panel 31 is used. This one sheet modulates the incident destination and performs color display. Therefore, a color filter (hologram filter 701) based on the hologram effect is provided on the incident surface. The white light incident on the hologram filter 701 is R, R,
The light is divided into G and B lights, and the divided lights are respectively incident on the corresponding pixels.

The hologram filter 701 is a transparent substrate 70
2b, and the substrate 702b is formed on a transparent plate 702a.
It is attached to. The transparent plate 702a also has a role of a lid that prevents dust from being attached to the movable reflective pixel 706 and prevents other components from coming into contact with the movable reflective pixel 706. The space between the transparent plate 702a and the substrate 11 on which the pixels 706 are formed is filled with hydrogen or nitrogen. Particularly, hydrogen is preferably used because of its high thermal conductivity. Hydrogen is charged at a pressure of 1 to 5 atm, preferably 2 to 4 atm.

The light emitted from the discharge lamp 671 is reflected by the mirror 455 of the reflection block 703, is totally reflected by the surface of the air gap 551, and is reflected by the hologram filter 701.
Incident obliquely. The incident angle θ is 30 ≦ θ ≦ 50 (DE
G) is preferable.

The reflection block 703 has a triangle block 70
4 are arranged via the air gap 551,
It can be considered as one block. Therefore, the display image from the display panel 31 is not distorted.

In the display panel, the display device, and the like of the present invention, it has been mainly described that the opposing substrate 12 and the array substrate 11 use substrates such as a glass substrate, a transparent ceramic substrate, a resin substrate, a single crystal silicon substrate, and a metal substrate. However, the opposing substrate 12 and the array substrate 11 may use films or sheets such as resin films. For example,
Examples include polyimide, PVA, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester sheet. In the case of a PD liquid crystal as disclosed in JP-A-2-317222,
The counter electrode 15 or the TFT 91 may be formed directly on the liquid crystal layer. That is, the array substrate 11 or the counter substrate 12
Is not necessary for the configuration. In the case of the IPS mode (comb electrode type) developed by Hitachi, the counter electrode 15 is not required on the counter substrate 12.

The light modulating layer 18 is not limited to the liquid crystal alone, but is 9/65/35 PLZ having a thickness of about 100 microns.
T or 6/65/35 PLZT. Further, a material in which a phosphor is added to the light modulating layer 18 or a material in which polymer balls, metal balls, or the like are added to liquid crystal may be used.

The transparent electrodes 15 and 14 are made of ITO.
However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a transparent electrode such as SnO ₂ , indium, and indium oxide may be used. Further, a thin film of a thin metal film such as gold may be employed. Further, an organic conductive film, an ultrafine particle-dispersed ink, or a transparent conductive coating agent “Syntron” commercialized by TORAY may be used.

The light-absorbing film and the like may be formed by adding carbon or the like to an acrylic resin or the like, a black metal such as hexavalent chromium, a paint, a thin film or a thick film or a member having fine irregularities formed on the surface, a titanium oxide, Light diffusers such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and opal glass may be used. In addition, the light modulation layer 18 may be colored with a dye or a pigment that has a complementary color to the light modulated by the light modulation layer 18 even if the color is not black. Further, a hologram or a diffraction grating may be used.

In the embodiment of the present invention, T is set for each pixel electrode.
It has been described as an active matrix type in which switching elements such as FT, MIM, and thin film diode (TFD) are arranged. In addition to the liquid crystal display panel, the active matrix type or the dot matrix type includes a DMD (DLP (projector using a digital light valve)) developed by TI that displays images by changing the angle of a micro mirror. included.

Further, the number of switching elements such as the TFT 91 is not limited to one for one pixel, and a plurality of switching elements may be connected. In addition, the TFT is LDD (low doping).
It is preferable to adopt a (drain) structure.

The technical idea of each embodiment of the present invention is that a liquid crystal display panel, an EL display panel, an LED display panel,
It can also be applied to FED (field emission display) display panels and PDPs. Further, the present invention is not limited to the active matrix type, but may be a simple matrix type. Even in the simple matrix type, the intersection points have pixels (electrodes) and can be regarded as a dot matrix type display panel. Of course, the reflection type of the simple matrix panel is also within the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to a display panel that displays simple symbols, characters, symbols, and the like such as eight segments. These segment electrodes are also one of the pixel electrodes.

Needless to say, the technical idea of the present invention can be applied to a plasma addressed display panel. In addition, the technical idea of the present invention can be applied to an optical writing type display panel, a thermal writing type display panel, and a laser writing type display panel having no specific pixels. Also, a projection type display device using these can be constructed.

The pixel structure may be either a common electrode type or a pre-stage gate electrode type. Alternatively, a stripe-shaped electrode made of ITO may be formed on the array substrate 11 along the pixel row (horizontal direction), and a storage capacitor may be formed between the pixel electrode 14 and the stripe-shaped electrode. By forming the storage capacitor in this manner, a capacitor is formed in parallel with the liquid crystal layer 18 as a result, and the voltage holding ratio of the pixel can be improved. The TFT 91 formed of low-temperature polysilicon, high-temperature polysilicon, or the like has a large off-state current. Therefore, it is extremely effective to form this striped electrode.

The modes of the display panel (described without distinguishing between mode and mode) are STN mode, ECB mode, DAP mode, TN mode, in addition to PD mode.
(Anti) ferroelectric liquid crystal mode, DSM (dynamic scattering mode),
The present invention can be applied to a vertical alignment mode, a guest host mode, a homeotropic mode, a smectic mode, a cholesteric mode, and the like.

The display panel / display device of the present invention is not limited to a PD liquid crystal display panel / PD liquid crystal display device, but includes a TN liquid crystal, an STN liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal,
P liquid crystal, ECB liquid crystal mode, IPS method, ferroelectric liquid crystal,
Other liquid crystals such as antiferroelectric and OCB may be used. Other, P
A system such as LZT, electrochromism, electroluminescence, LED display, EL display, plasma display (PDP), and plasma addressing may be used.

In recent years, display devices have been diversified, such as those using a liquid crystal display panel and those using a PDP. At this time, the problem is the connection between the video receiving device and the display device. The one using the liquid crystal device panel is lightweight and can be carried anywhere. Therefore, VGA
If a cable or the like is connected, movement becomes difficult.

[0405] A method for solving this problem is a method in which video data received by a receiver is transmitted as an optical pulse to a display device. No cable connection is required. Hereinafter, an optical transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 71 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the optical transmission device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 72 is a waveform diagram showing signal waveforms at various parts of the optical transmission device.

In FIG. 71, 711 is an LED driver, 712 is a light emitting diode as electric-to-light converting means, 713 is a photodiode as light-to-electric converting means, 714 is a light receiving amplifier, and 715 is a photodiode 7
13 is an edge detection circuit as first edge detection means for detecting edge information from the electric signal converted by the circuit 13.

[0408] Reference numeral 718 denotes a comparator as quantization means for generating a signal quantized based on the edge information detected by the edge detection circuit 715; 719, a comparator reference voltage of each comparator 718;
Is a frequency dividing circuit as frequency dividing means for dividing the output signal from each comparator 718 by １ ／.

Also, reference numeral 721 denotes each frequency dividing circuit 720
D-FF (D-Type Flip-f) as sampling means for sampling and outputting an output signal from
lop). 722 denotes an edge detection circuit as second edge detection means for detecting an edge of the sampled signal generated by the D-FF 721a;
Is an edge detection circuit as third edge detection means for detecting an edge of the sampled signal generated by the D-FF 721b. 723 is an edge detection circuit 7
SR-FF (SR flip-flop) for synthesizing the signal waveform from 22; 724, a sampling clock generation circuit; 717, an addition circuit of an edge detection circuit 715;
Is a delay circuit of the edge detection circuit 715.

In FIG. 72, (1) is a light receiving amplifier output waveform, (2) is an edge detection circuit output waveform, (3) is a rising edge detection reference voltage waveform, (4) is a falling edge detection reference voltage waveform, 5) is a rising edge signal waveform, (6) is a falling edge signal waveform, (7) is a sampling clock waveform, (8) is a 1/2 rising rising edge signal waveform, and (9) is 1/2 half rising. A falling edge signal waveform, (10) is a sampled rising edge signal waveform, (11) is a sampled edge falling edge signal waveform, and (12) is a reproduction waveform.

The transmission serial data is transmitted to the LED driver 7
11 and applied to the light emitting diode 712. Light emitted from the light emitting diode 712 is received by the photodiode 713 and amplified by the light receiving amplifier 714.

The output of the light receiving amplifier 714 is the reception signal (1)
This signal is a signal whose DC component fluctuates due to band limitation of the light emitting diode 712 and the photodiode 713. Therefore, quantization and sampling cannot be performed as they are.

[0413] The edge information of the received signal (1) is detected by the edge detection circuit 715, whereby the output waveform (2) of the edge detection circuit is obtained. Edge information is detected by subtracting the original signal from the delayed signal using the delay circuit 716 and the adder 717. But,
Since the rise time and fall time of the adder 717 have finite values, the waveform has a slope as shown in the edge detection circuit output waveform (2).

Next, based on the edge information detected by the edge detection circuit 715, the comparator 718 determines
The comparator 718 generates a rising edge signal waveform (5) which is a quantized signal, and the comparator 718 generates a falling edge signal waveform (which is a quantized signal based on the edge information similarly detected by the edge detection circuit 715). 6) is generated.

[0415] The sampling clock (7) having the same frequency as the data transmission rate detects the synchronizing signal embedded in the transmission data string by the synchronizing signal detecting circuit in the sampling clock generating circuit. Based on this synchronization signal, it is generated by a PLL circuit in the sampling clock generation circuit. As the synchronization signal, a bit pattern that never appears in normal data is used to distinguish it from normal data.

In the D-FF, the minimum pulse width of the clock is generally shorter than the total time of the minimum setup time and the minimum hold time. As an example, the minimum setup time is 1.5 ns, the minimum hold time is 1.0 ns, the minimum pulse width of the clock is 1.5 ns, and the minimum pulse width of the clock is 1 for the total time of 2.5 ns of the minimum setup time and the minimum hold time. .5 ns. That is, considering a sampling method in which the minimum pulse width of the clock limits the pulse width, a higher-speed signal can be handled.

When the delay time of the delay circuit 716 is set to 2 ns, the pulse width of the rising edge signal waveform (5) and the falling edge signal waveform (6) becomes about 2 ns. At this time, since the pulse width is shorter than the total time of 2.5 ns of the minimum setup time and the minimum hold time, if the sampling is performed as it is, the sampling fails.

In this embodiment, the rising edge signal waveform (5) and the falling edge signal waveform (6) are input to the clock terminal of the D-FF by the frequency dividing circuit 720 using the D-FF.

Therefore, in the above example, it can be seen that the frequency dividing circuit 720 operates normally because the pulse width 2 ns of the input clock is longer than the minimum pulse width 1.5 ns of the clock. These outputs are wide signals such as a 1/2 frequency-dividing rising edge signal waveform (8) and a 1/2 frequency-dividing falling edge signal waveform (9).

In the D-FF 721, this wide signal is sampled by the sampling clock signal (7), so that the restrictions on the setup time and the hold time are greatly relaxed. For example, if the frequency of the sampling clock signal (7) is 200 MHz, one cycle is 5 ns. Therefore, the total time 2.5 ns of the setup time and the hold time of the D-FF of the precedent is sufficiently satisfied.

Although the present embodiment has been described with reference to the D-FF, the SR-TYPE Flip-Flop and the JK-T
YPE Flip-Flop, T-TYPE Flip
The same effect can be obtained with a type having a clock terminal even with -Flop or the like.

Next, in the edge detection circuit, the D-FF
A rising edge signal waveform obtained by detecting edges and sampling from a 1/2 frequency rising edge signal waveform (8) output from the 721a and a 1/2 frequency falling edge signal waveform (9) output from the D-FF 721b. (10),
Sampled falling edge signal waveform (11)
Have gained. The sampled rising edge signal waveform (10) and the sampled falling edge signal waveform (11) are combined by the SR-FF 723 to reproduce the reproduction waveform (12).

Note that the sampling clock can be generated by a method of wavelength-multiplexing a clock to an optical signal without using a special synchronization signal, a method of reproducing a clock from a transmission data sequence itself, or a method of using an independent clock. Good.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the adder 717 has a finite rise and fall time, the edge detection waveform is shortened, and it is possible to prevent sampling from failing. High-speed data in which bit errors have occurred in the conventional method can be transmitted. As a result, an optical transmission device capable of higher-speed data communication can be realized.

The transmitted optical signal is preferably an optical pulse. In the present embodiment, an optical receiving device having a configuration in which an optical pulse is radiated into space has been described as an example, but the present invention is also applied to an optical receiving device in which an optical pulse is transmitted through an optical fiber. can do.
Preferably, infrared light is used as the transmitted optical signal. Further, the circuit configuration is not limited to optical transmission and reception, and it goes without saying that the processing circuit and the signal processing method of the present invention can be applied even when the transmission medium is wireless.

FIG. 73 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission device according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 74 is a waveform diagram showing signal waveforms at various parts of the optical transmission device. 725 is a peak detection circuit.

In FIG. 74, (1) is a variable gain light receiving amplifier output waveform, (2) is an edge detection circuit output waveform,
(3) is a rising edge detection reference voltage waveform, (4) is a falling edge detection reference voltage waveform, (5) is a rising edge signal waveform, and (6) is a falling edge signal waveform.

(7) is a sampling clock waveform, (8) is a 1/2 frequency rising edge signal waveform,
(9) is a 1 / 2-frequency-divided falling edge signal waveform, (1)
0) is a sampled rising edge signal waveform,
(11) is a sampled edge falling edge signal waveform, and (12) is a reproduced waveform.

In the first embodiment, the light receiving amplifier 71
The variable gain photoreceiver amplifier 714b is used instead of 4,
Since it is the same as the first embodiment except that a peak detection circuit 725 is added, only the parts different from the first embodiment will be described.

The output of the edge detection circuit 715 is input to the peak detection circuit 725, and the gain of the variable gain amplifier 714b is fed back so that the peak value of the edge detection circuit output waveform (2) becomes constant.

This has the effect of preventing the output waveform (2) of the edge detection circuit from changing due to the amount of received light greatly changing depending on installation conditions such as the transmission distance when spatial light transmission is performed, thereby preventing quantization from failing.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the adder 717 has a finite rise and fall time, it is possible to prevent the edge detection waveform from becoming short and sampling from failing. Accordingly, high-speed data in which a bit error has occurred in the conventional method can be transmitted. Further, stable operation can be performed even with respect to a change in the amount of received light due to a change in installation conditions. As a result, an optical transmission device capable of higher-speed data communication can be realized.

FIG. 75 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 76 is a waveform diagram showing signal waveforms at various parts of the optical transmission device.

In FIG. 75, reference numeral 726 denotes a D-FF 721
This is an exclusive OR operation circuit that combines the signal a and the sampled signal generated by the D-FF 721b.

In FIG. 76, (1) is a light receiving amplifier output waveform, (2) is an edge detection circuit output waveform, (3) is a rising edge detection reference voltage waveform, (4) is a falling edge detection reference voltage waveform, 5) is a rising edge signal waveform, (6) is a falling edge signal waveform, (7) is a sampling clock waveform, (8) is a 1/2 rising rising edge signal waveform, and (9) is 1/2 half rising. A falling edge signal waveform, and (10) is a reproduced waveform.

The edge detection circuit 72 of the first embodiment
2. Exclusive OR circuit 726 is used in place of SR-FF 723, and each frequency divider 720 is similar to the first embodiment except that a reset signal is given from sampling clock generator 724. Therefore, only different points from the first embodiment will be described.

The output signal of the D-FF 721, ie, the 立 ち 上 が り -divided rising edge signal waveform (8) and the 分 -divided falling edge signal waveform (9) are subjected to an exclusive OR operation by an exclusive OR operation circuit 726. A reproduction waveform (10) is obtained.

However, the output of the frequency dividing circuit 720 may be inverted in polarity in some cases. For example, when the output of the frequency dividing circuit 720a is inverted with the example shown in this embodiment, 1 /
The divide-by-2 rising edge signal waveform (8) is inverted, and as a result, the reproduced waveform (10) is inverted.

Therefore, in this embodiment, every time the sampling clock generation circuit 724 detects a synchronization signal,
The FF 721 is reset so that the polarity does not reverse. In the case where only the outline component is significant in the image transmission, the polarity may be inverted, so that the reset is not required.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the adder 717 has finite rise and fall times, it is possible to prevent the edge detection waveform from becoming short and sampling from failing. Therefore, high-speed data can be transmitted, and a stable operation can be performed even when the amount of received light changes due to a change in installation conditions.

FIG. 77 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmission device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 78 is a waveform diagram showing signal waveforms at various parts of the optical transmission device.

In FIG. 77, reference numeral 727 denotes a comparator as quantization means for generating a signal quantized based on the edge information detected by the edge detection circuit 715.

In FIG. 78, (1) is a light receiving amplifier output waveform, (2) is an edge detection circuit output waveform, (3) is a comparator reference voltage waveform 1, (4) is a comparator reference voltage waveform 2, and (5) is a comparator reference voltage waveform. An edge signal waveform, (6) is a sampling clock waveform, (7) is a 1/2 frequency-divided edge signal waveform, and (8) is a reproduced waveform.

The comparator 727 is a window comparator that outputs 1 (H) when a voltage other than the voltage between the comparator reference voltages 719 is input. The comparator reference voltage waveform 1 is represented by (3), and the comparator reference voltage waveform 2 is represented by (4).

The edge signal detected by the comparator 727 is a signal in which both rising and falling edges are detected, and becomes an edge signal waveform (5). In the frequency dividing circuit 720, the edge signal waveform (5) is frequency-divided to obtain a 1/2 frequency-divided edge signal waveform (7). Further, the data is sampled by the sampling clock waveform (6) by the D-FF 721 to become a reproduced waveform (8).

The case where the reproduced waveform (8) is inverted is the same as in the third embodiment, and each time the sampling clock generation circuit 724 detects the synchronization signal, the D-FF 7
21 is reset so that the polarity is not inverted. In the case where only the outline component is significant in the image transmission, the polarity may be inverted, so that the reset is not required.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the adder 717 has a finite rise and fall time, it is possible to prevent the edge detection waveform from becoming short and sampling from failing. Therefore, high-speed data in which bit errors have occurred in the conventional method can be transmitted. Further, stable operation can be performed even with respect to a change in the amount of received light due to a change in installation conditions.

In the above embodiment, an apparatus or a method for transmitting and receiving data by spatially transmitting infrared rays or the like has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a method of transmitting infrared rays through a fiber may be used. Further, the present invention can also be applied to a method of transmitting and receiving data using a radio wave. In that case, the light emitting LED 712 may be replaced with an element or an antenna that transmits a radio wave, and the light receiving element 713 may be replaced with an antenna or a radio wave receiving element. Needless to say, the above items are also applied to the following embodiments. For example, FIG. 88, FIG. 89, FIG.
7, FIG. 98, FIG. 99, etc., FIG. 103, FIG.
This is the system shown in FIG. 106, FIG. 107, FIG.

Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the optical transmission system, but may be radio equipment / methods such as microwave, long-wave, short-wave, optical fiber transmission equipment / methods, sound transmission equipment / methods. Application to methods, etc./
It goes without saying that it can be applied.

It is preferable that the intensity of the light or radio wave transmitted or received is received between the transmitter and the receiver so that the intensity of the light or radio wave on the transmitting side is automatically changed. It is preferable that the directivity of the light or radio wave to be transmitted can be changed by changing the position of the lens 481a or the like as shown in FIG. These can be easily realized by using an adjusting screw or the like.

In the case of transmitting and receiving light, visible light for position adjustment (laser pointer, red LED, etc.) is output, and the position can be visually adjusted so that the visible light impinges on the receiving unit. Preferably. It is also preferable that the data transmission rate can be changed. For example, the transmission rate is changed between when transmitting an NTSC image and when transmitting an XGA still image. Also, it is preferable that the bits transmitted in the MSB and LSB of the data are weighted and the weighting ratio can be changed. For example, the MSB bit is transmitted at a ratio of 5: 1 as compared with the LSB bit.

The optical transmission circuit has to increase the transmission rate in order to transmit data serially. NTSC
A transmission rate of 150 Mbit / s is required for transmitting images in real time without thinning data. Therefore, for a VGA image, about 400 Mbit / s, XG
The A image requires a transmission rate of the 1 Gbit / sec class. According to the present invention, a transmission rate of 150 to 300 Mbit / s can be realized at present. However, in order to efficiently display an image on the high-definition liquid crystal display panel 31, it is necessary to devise the structure of the display panel 31.

FIG. 82 is a configuration diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention for efficiently displaying transmitted data. A gate drive circuit 351 is connected to the gate signal line 24 (G1 to Gm: m is an integer). The source drive signal line 25 (S1 to Sn: n is an integer) has
The source drive circuit 41 is connected.

A buffer circuit 830 shown in FIG. 83 is arranged between source driver circuit 41 and source signal line 25. The buffer circuit 830 is formed by low-temperature polysilicon technology. OR831, inverter 8
32, transfer gate (T
G) 834 and the like. Further, by setting the terminal of GONB to “L”, video data from the video signal lines is input to all the source signal lines 25.

Although the source drive circuit 41 and the buffer circuit 830 are shown separately in FIGS. 82 and 83, the buffer circuit 830 may be considered to be incorporated in the source driver circuit 41. Therefore, in the following description, the buffer circuit is considered to be integrated with the source driver circuit 41, and is not shown.

At the intersection of the gate signal line 24 and the source signal line 25, a TFT 91 is formed. An additional capacitor (storage capacitor, auxiliary capacitor) 10 is connected to the drain terminal of the TFT 91.
2. The liquid crystal layer 18 is connected.

In FIG. 82, the liquid crystal display device is used.
The present invention is not limited to the liquid crystal display device, but may be an EL display device, F
Any type may be used as long as it uses a dot matrix type display panel such as an ED, a plasma display, and a DLP (TI).

The source driver circuit 41a is connected to the odd-numbered source signal lines 25, and the source driver circuit 41b is connected to the even-numbered source signal lines 25. That is, the source driver circuits 41a and 41b are connected to different source signal lines 25, respectively.

By operating the gate drive circuit 351 to sequentially apply an on-voltage (voltage for turning on the TFT 91) to the odd-numbered gate signal lines and sending out a video signal from the source driver circuit 41a, FIG.
As shown in (a), the data (voltage) of the hatched pixel is rewritten (can be rewritten). Similarly, when the gate drive circuit 351 is operated to apply an on-voltage to the odd-numbered gate signal lines 24 and transmit a video signal from the source driver circuit 41b, the pixels in the hatched portions as shown in FIG. Data (voltage) is rewritten.

Similarly, when the gate drive circuit 351 is operated to apply an on-voltage to the even-numbered gate signal lines and transmit a video signal from the source driver circuit 41a, as shown in FIG. Pixel data is rewritten. When a video signal is transmitted from the source driver circuit 41b, the pixel data in the hatched portion is rewritten as shown in FIG.

The rewriting state of the voltages of the pixels in (a) to (d) of FIG. 109 indicates that each of (a), (b), (c), and (d) is displayed by thinning out an image. Means
In the transmission apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, there is no band for transmitting image data of full gradation and all pixels (NTSC).
All data can be transmitted if it is a signal class). Therefore,
As shown in FIG. 109, the data is thinned out and transmitted. To this end, the display panel of the transmission apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention may be configured as shown in FIG. In other words, the transfer of image data is
First, data corresponding to FIG. 109 (a) is transmitted, and then FIG. 109 (b), FIG. 109 (c), and FIG. 109 (d) are sequentially transmitted.

FIG. 84 is a block diagram of a transmission circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. A video signal from a video signal source 841 such as a video recorder, a CS tuner, etc.
42.

The signal from the video signal source 841 is input to the data separation circuit 842, and is converted into an 8-bit digital signal. The digital signal is decomposed from the upper bits into the following bits and input to the memory 843. Encoding circuit 844
Reads data from the memory 843 and converts it into serial data. At this time, the upper bits are transmitted more and the lower bits are transmitted.
It is weighted so that it is transmitted a little. If eight memories 843 are used so as to correspond to each 8-bit bit, data processing becomes easy.

[0464] The serial data is amplified by the LED driver 711, and the amplified signal is
12, the data is transmitted as a pulse train 201 of infrared light through space.

The light 201 transmitted through the space is received by the light receiving amplifier 7.
Opto-electric conversion is performed at 14. The light subjected to the photoelectric conversion is amplified by a light receiving amplifier and input to a decoding circuit 845. Matters concerning these light-to-electric conversions and the like have been described in detail with reference to FIGS. 71 to 78.

[0466] The decoding circuit 845 includes the upper bit and the lower b
It is decoded and sequentially stored in the memory 483. If eight memories are used so as to correspond to the upper bit and the lower bit, data processing becomes easy.

The data synthesizing circuit 846 reads data from the memory 843 and assembles it into 8-bit data to reproduce a video signal. The reproduced video signal is D / A converted and becomes an analog Image (signal).

In FIG. 84, clock1 is a cook input terminal to the source driver circuit 41a, and Image is a clock input terminal.
1 is a video signal input terminal to the source driver 41a, EN
ABL1 is a terminal for switching the output terminal of the source driver circuit 41a between enable / disable, and clock2.
Is a clock input terminal to the source driver circuit 41b,
image2 is a video signal input terminal to the source driver 41b, and ENABL2 is a terminal for enabling / disabling the output terminal of the source driver circuit 41b.

When operating the source driver circuit, the data synthesizing circuit 846 generates clock1, Image1,
By operating the ENABL1 terminal, the source driver circuit 41b
To operate clock2, Image2, EN
Operate the ABL1 terminal. By operating the clock terminal and the like in this manner, the display state of FIG. 109 can be easily realized. It is also easy to implement the driving method of FIG.

The optical system is important for efficiently transmitting the light emitted from the LED 712. It is necessary to increase the output from the LED 712 and narrow the directivity.

The embodiment of the present invention uses the optical system shown in FIG. FIG. 85A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. 85B. The LEDs 712 are arranged in a matrix. LED 712 is a Fresnel lens 851
Are located substantially at the focal position. The thickness t of the optical system can be reduced by using a plurality of LEDs 712 and using a plurality of small Fresnel lenses so as to correspond to them (see FIG. 85A).

In FIG. 85, the LEDs 712 are arranged in a matrix in the form of a square lattice, but the invention is not limited to this, and the LEDs 712 may be arranged in a hexagonal lattice or a triangular lattice.

The Fresnel lens 851 has a flat surface
The sine condition is improved toward the second side. In addition, the Fresnel lens 851 is used to avoid the influence of external light, etc.
It may be colored.

Assuming that the diameter of the Fresnel lens is d and the focal length of the Fresnel lens is f, the condition of 0.5 ≦ d / f ≦ 1.5 is satisfied, and more preferably 0.8 ≦ d / f ≦ 1.5.
It is preferable to satisfy the condition of d / f ≦ 1.2.

The distance between the plate 853 on which the LED 712 is mounted and the lens substrate 852 is defined by the holding section 854. If the length of the holding portion 854 is configured to be variable with a screw or the like, the directivity of light emitted from the lens 851 can be changed, which is preferable.

The infrared light emitted from the LED 712 is converted by the lens 851 into substantially parallel light. Therefore,
At the receiving point, the light from all the LEDs 712 is superimposed, and the directivity is narrow. Therefore, the light from the LED 712 can be transmitted without being attenuated over a long distance.

[0477] It is preferable that the Fresnel lens 851 be an aspheric lens. The lens 851 is not limited to a Fresnel lens, but may be an ordinary convex lens, or may be replaced with a reflecting mirror (parabolic mirror).

The reflecting mirror may be a flat reflecting mirror 442 as shown in FIG. 86 (a). The Fresnel-shaped reflecting mirror 442 is attached to the lid 445. Lid 445
Is configured to be rotatable around a fulcrum 446 of the base 861. Therefore, it can be tilted as shown in FIG. 86 (b). Therefore, storage is easy. It goes without saying that the Fresnel lens may be used not only on the transmitting side but also on the receiving side.

Further, the present invention is not limited to the Fresnel lens shape, but may be a parabola 445 as shown in FIG. The LED 712 and the parabola 445a are integrated, and are configured to be rotatable about a fulcrum 446a. On the other hand, the photo sensor 713 is also a parabola 445.
b, and is configured to be rotatable about a fulcrum 446b. Therefore, by rotating the fulcrum 446, the receiving direction and the transmitting direction can be easily matched.

In FIGS. 86 and 87, the LED 712,
Although the photo sensor 713 is illustrated as one, the present invention is not limited to this.
It is needless to say that the configuration may be made to use such as.

The output from the photosensor (photodiode) 713 is amplified by the fluorescent amplifier 714. The amplified signal is split into two signals. One of the signals is input to the frequency modulation circuit 871 and frequency-modulated.
The modulated signal is input to speaker 872. Therefore, the reception state of the light receiving amplifier 714 can be confirmed by voice. The user listens to the sound from the speaker 872 and adjusts the parabola 445 so as to improve the transmission / reception state.
Adjust the angle / direction of.

FIG. 88 shows a display area 35 of one display panel.
3 is divided into 353a and 353b, the display area 353a is displayed by the gate driver 351a and the source driver 41a, and the display area 353b is displayed by the gate driver 351b.
And a display by the source driver 41b.
The horizontally long display area 353 is replaced with the vertically long display areas 353a and 353a.
3b. The scanning direction is the horizontal direction.

The transmission circuit 881 shown in FIG. 88 and the like has two light emitting elements 712a and 712b. The light emitting element 7
A polarizing means (polarizer) 10 is disposed on the front surface of the polarizing element 12, and the polarizing directions of the polarizing means 10a and 10b are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, the infrared lights 201a and 201b are polarized lights having polarization directions different from each other by 90 degrees.

The polarized infrared light 201 is transmitted to the receiving side,
The polarized light 201a and 201b are separated by the analyzer 10 and input to the light receiving elements 713a and 713b. The output of the light receiving element 713a is supplied to the receiving circuit 88 via the amplifier 714a.
2a. The control circuit 352a controls the gate driver and the source driver 41b, and displays an image in the display area 353b by applying a video signal to the source driver 41b. The control circuit 352b controls the gate driver 351a and the source driver 41a, and displays an image in the display area 353a by applying a video signal to the source driver 41a.

According to this structure, since the screen is divided into two and the image data is transmitted by the two light emitting elements 712, the transmission rate is high and the display quality is high. Even when there is one light emitting element 712, the outputs of the light receiving elements 712a and 712b can be alternately applied by switching the receiving circuits 882a and 882b using a switcher (switching means (not shown)). Although the transmission rate in this case is の of the above, it is practically sufficient to selectively or entirely display the display screens 353a and 353b.
Further, when separate images are displayed on the left and right sides of the screen as in the case of Windows display, only the left or right screen needs to be rewritten, and the present invention is suitable for such a use. In FIG. 88, the screen is vertically elongated. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
b may be horizontally long side by side.

As described above, a phase plate (not shown) may be arranged on the output side of the polarizers 10a and 10b, and the infrared light 201 may be circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light. In this case, a phase plate (not shown) for returning circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light to linearly polarized light is disposed on the incident side of the analyzers 10c and 10d.
By transmitting circularly or elliptically polarized light, infrared 2
There is less interference between 01a and 201b, and less exposure to disturbances.

Also, a display method is provided in which a backlight is disposed on the back of the display screens 353a and 353b, and when one display screen 353 is rewritten, the backlight below the other display screen 353 is turned on. If this is the case, video blur can be improved. In addition, since the screen is displayed after completely rewriting the screen, the screen can be easily viewed by an observer. Further, an effect that the implementation or combination of the display method of FIG. 33 is facilitated is exerted.

FIG. 89 shows a display device in which odd-numbered gate signal lines 24 are connected to a gate driver 351a, even-numbered gate signal lines 24 are connected to a gate driver 351b, and odd-numbered source signal lines 25 are connected to a source driver. 41
a, and the even-numbered source signal lines 41 are connected to a source driver 41b.

The receiving circuit 882a controls the control circuit 352a, so that FIG.
The pixels in the shaded area shown in FIG.
Also, the receiving circuit 882b controls the control circuit 352b to thereby control the receiving circuit 882b as shown in FIG. 1099 (a) or FIG. 109 (b).
Can be easily rewritten.

As described above, the two light receiving elements 712a and 712a
By using 12b, the pixels in the display area 353 can be selected and rewritten. Individual pixels that need rewriting can be freely rewritten. The reason why the pixel can be easily rewritten is that the gate signal lines 24 are alternately drawn and the adjacent gate signal lines 24 are connected to different gate driver circuits 24. This is also because different source driver circuits 41 are connected to both ends of one source signal line 25.

In the above embodiment, the selection is made by selecting a pixel whose display area 353 is to be rewritten. Subsequent display devices, display methods, and optical transmission methods realize optimal display methods and optical transmission methods using display devices having different pixel sizes. Although the display device is described using a liquid crystal display device as an example, PDP, EL, and D
MD (digital micromirror device) or DL
Any type of dot matrix display device, such as P (Digital Light Processing) or Daewoo's TMA, JVC, D-ILA, etc., may be used, and the display method and transmission method of the present invention may be applied to a CRT or the like. it can. The same applies to the following embodiments.

FIG. 90 shows a display area 353 of the display device. The display region 353a is a region where pixels are formed with high density (high definition), and the display regions 353b, 353c,
Reference numeral 353d denotes a region (low detail) in which pixels are formed at a higher density than the display region 353a.

The configuration of FIG. 90 is more specifically configured as shown in FIG. The pixel 835a is a portion of the display area 353a in FIG. 90B, and has fine pixels. On the other hand, the pixels 835b and 835c are
3b and 353c, and have a horizontally long pixel shape. The pixel 835a is at t1, and the pixel 835b,
835c is t2. Also, t2 is an integer multiple of t1. Here, for convenience of explanation, t2 = 2t
It is set to 1. Of course, an integer multiple is preferred, but
What is necessary is just to be in the range of 2t1 ≦ t2 ≦ 3.0t1.

The reason why the pixels are roughened at the edge area of the screen and finer at the center is that the human eye has a high resolution at the center of the screen but has low visibility at the periphery of the screen. This is because there is no practical problem even if the resolution is low. In each of the drawings, the TFT 91 and the like are shown only in some of the pixels, but at least one or more switching elements such as TFTs are formed or arranged in each pixel.

The source driver circuit 41 has a silicon chip driver circuit (drive IC) mounted on a glass-on-chip (COG) technology or a substrate on which a display screen is formed by a high-temperature polysilicon technology, a low-temperature polysilicon technology, or the like. Formed directly. The source driver circuits 41a are connected to the source signal lines 25 at equal pitches from the peripheral part to the central part of the display screen. The source signal lines 25 connected to the source driver circuits 41a and the source signal lines 25 connected to the source driver circuits 41b are arranged in a zigzag pattern.

The source driver circuit 41a is connected to the display area 3
The peripheral portion of the display area 53 is connected to all the source signal lines 25, and the central area of the display area 353 is connected to the source signal line 25 every one skip. On the other hand, the source drive circuit 41b is connected to the source signal line 4 at the center of the display area 353.
One and one are connected every skip.

If the source driver circuit 41a and the gate driver circuit 351 are operated, an image having a low resolution can be displayed over the entire screen. Source driver circuits 41a and 41b and gate driver circuit 351
By operating the above, a high-resolution image can be displayed at the center of the display area.

That is, the display panel (display device) of the present invention
Is used, the resolution can be changed as needed. In the transfer of image data, the lower the resolution, the smaller (small) the transfer rate (the amount of transferred data). Therefore, a good display state can be realized by combining the optical transmission device of the present invention.

Further, the resolution is improved only in the central portion where the resolution is required, so that a high resolution display can be realized practically.
Also, the amount of data transfer is small. Also, since the resolution may be low in displaying a moving image, the source driver circuit 41a
In the case of a still image, only the source driver circuits 41a and 41b are operated, thereby expanding the range of application development. For example, the required resolution can be set freely.

To realize the display of FIG. 90 (a),
A display panel (display device) shown in FIG. 92 of the embodiment of the present invention is used. In FIG. 92 and the like, for ease of explanation, the liquid crystal layer 18, the storage capacitor, and the like are omitted, and a pixel electrode is shown instead.

In FIG. 92, pixels 14b and 14f
90 corresponds to the display area 353b of FIG. 90, and the pixel 14e corresponds to the pixels 14a, 14c, 1 in the display area 353a of FIG.
4g and 14i correspond to the display area 14d in FIG. Source driver circuit 41a and source driver circuit 41
The connection state between b and the source signal line 25 is the same as in FIG.

The pixel electrodes 14a, 14c, 14g, 14i
Are formed or arranged so as to intersect with the gate signal lines 24. Similarly, the pixel electrodes 14b and 14h are also connected to the gate signal line 2
4 are formed or arranged to intersect. Pixel electrode 1
4 and the gate signal line 24 intersect with an insulating film (not shown)
Insulated. In addition, a storage capacitance is formed at an intersection between the gate signal line 24 and the pixel electrode 14. This storage capacity increases as the pixel size increases. This will be apparent from the overlap area between the pixel electrode 14a and the gate signal line 24 and the overlap area between the pixel electrode 14b and the gate signal line 24 in FIG. Naturally, separately
What is necessary is just to provide a storage capacity. The configuration of the array may be either the former gate type or the common electrode type.

With the configuration shown in FIG. 92, the pixel size at the center of the display area 353 requiring the highest resolution can be reduced,
The resolution can be reduced at the peripheral portion of the display area 353, particularly at the diagonal portion. Therefore, the amount of data transfer for forming one screen by the optical transmission device can be reduced.

[0504] Various arrangements can be considered for the arrangement method (arrangement configuration) of the pixel electrode 14 and the TFT 91.
The pixel 14e at the center of the display area 353 in FIG.
If (a) is assumed, the peripheral pixel 14d in FIG.
The configuration (arrangement) may be as shown in FIG. FIG. 93
As shown in (c), a TFT 91 or the like as two switching elements may be formed on one pixel electrode 14c. By forming two TFTs, a point defect does not occur even if one of the TFTs 91 is defective.

The pixel 14b in FIG. 92 may be configured (arranged) as shown in FIG. 94 (a). By connecting two TFTs 91 to one pixel electrode 14 as in FIG. 93 (c), it is possible to greatly suppress the occurrence of point defects. The configuration in FIG. 93 (c) may be the configuration in FIG. 94 (b). The pixel 14a in FIG. 92 may have the configuration (arrangement) in FIG. 94 (c). A plurality of TFTs are provided on one pixel electrode 14.
By attaching the pixel 91, occurrence of a pixel defect can be suppressed.

In FIG. 94, the source signal lines 25 are formed at an equal pitch, and the TFT 91 is formed at the intersection of the gate signal line 24 and the source signal line 25. The pixel size is changed by forming and configuring the pixel electrode 14. In these configurations, only the mask of the pixel electrode 14 needs to be changed in the process of the conventional TFT array 11 in the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is easy to manufacture.

Note that the display panel is of a transmission type (pixel electrode 1).
4 is a transparent electrode, a reflective electrode (a reflective electrode whose pixel electrode is made of metal or the like), and a semi-transmissive type (a type in which a part of the reflective electrode is capable of transmitting light (see FIG. 11 and the like) can be applied. .

With the above configuration, in the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, a practically sufficient resolution can be obtained by increasing the resolution of a necessary portion (such as the center of the display area 353), and the optical transmission device can be obtained. When combined, the data transfer amount was reduced. Also, R, G, and B data are transmitted as image data and displayed. The following embodiment transmits the luminance and chrominance signals,
The present invention relates to a display device for performing color display and an optical transmission method.

In FIG. 95, a display panel 31a is a liquid crystal display panel for displaying colors (red, green, blue). That is, a color signal is displayed in the display area 353. The display panel 31b is a liquid crystal display panel that displays black and white, that is, luminance.

The receiving circuit 882 receives the Y, U, and V video data, creates color image data and luminance image data, and converts the color pixel data into D / A converters 951a, 951b, and 951.
c to the display panel 31a, and the luminance image data is applied to the display panel 31b via the D / A converter 951d.

[0511] The display panels 31a and 31b are arranged to overlap. A polarizing plate as a polarizer is arranged on the light incident side of the display panel 31a, and a polarizing plate as an analyzer of the display panel 31b is arranged on the light incident side of the display panel 31a. A polarizing plate as an analyzer is arranged on the light emission side of the display panel 31b. By bonding the display panels 31a and 31b with an optical binder, the interface with air is reduced and the light transmittance is increased.

The liquid crystal layer 18 may be made of any of cholesteric liquid crystal, twist nematic (TN) liquid crystal, super twist nematic (STN) liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, polymer dispersed liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, ECB mode, OCB mode liquid crystal, and the like. It goes without saying that it is good.
The display panel 31 may be a liquid crystal display panel, a plasma addressed liquid crystal display panel, a PDP, an EL display, or the like. When the light modulation layer 18 is not a polarization modulation method,
The polarizing plate 10 is not required.

[0513] The light modulation layer 18a modulates a color signal, and the light modulation layer 18b modulates a luminance signal. Therefore, the observer of the display panel sees the luminance signal and the chrominance signal as overlapping, so that a color display can be realized. This method uses R, G, B
Compared to the method using three display panels, only two display panels for a color signal and a luminance signal are required, so that the number of display panels can be reduced and cost reduction can be realized.

Hereinafter, the display panel (display apparatus) according to the embodiment of the present invention suitable for receiving data at a low rate and displaying an image will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Will be described. A display device that receives data at this low rate is specifically assumed to be a mobile phone having a color display. Alternatively, an optical link personal computer and a form information terminal are assumed.

In order to realize the display described with reference to FIG.
The configuration as shown in FIG. 96 is also effective. The gate driver 351a is connected to the odd-numbered gate signal lines 24, and the gate driver 351b is connected to the even-numbered gate signal lines 24. Further, the source driver 41a is connected to the odd-numbered source signal lines 25, and
1b is connected to the even-numbered source signal line 25.

The hatched portion in FIG. 109A (the liquid crystal 1 in FIG. 96)
8a), the gate driver 351a
And the source driver 41a may be operated. Fig. 109
In order to apply a voltage to the hatched portion (b) (the liquid crystal layer 18b in FIG. 96), the gate driver 351a and the source driver 4
1b may be operated. To apply a voltage to the shaded portion in FIG. 109C (the liquid crystal layer 18c in FIG. 96), the gate driver 351b and the source driver 41a may be operated. The liquid crystal layer 18 shown in FIG.
To apply the voltage d), the gate driver 351b and the source driver 41b may be operated.

As described above, each pixel can be easily rewritten by operating the respective gate driver 351 and source driver 41. From this,
By decoding the transmitted data and controlling the data properly, it is possible to write data to the corresponding pixel electrode.

Here, consider a case where data of one screen is represented as shown in FIG. In FIG. 97, n (1 ≦ n ≦ j) pixel electrodes are arranged on the horizontal axis (pixel row direction), and m (1 ≦ m ≦ j) pixel electrodes are arranged on the vertical axis (pixel column direction). It indicates that. That is, the number of pixels of this display panel is i × j.

[0519] In FIG. 97, data D ₁₁ is the data to be applied to the liquid crystal layer 18a of FIG. 96. Data D ₁₂ to the liquid crystal layer 18b, data D ₂₁ to the liquid crystal layer 18c, data D ₂₂
Is data applied to the liquid crystal layer 18d.

FIG. 98 shows a pixel 835 as in FIG.
1 illustrates the polarities of the video signal applied to the. FIG.
8 (a) shows the state of the first field (frame). FIG. 98 (b) shows the state of the second field (frame), FIG. 98 (c) shows the state of the third field (frame), and FIG. 98 (d) shows the state of the fourth field (frame).

In FIG. 98, in (a) and (b), a voltage of the same polarity is applied to each pixel, and in (c) and (d), a voltage of the opposite polarity to (a) and (b) is applied to each pixel. Is applied.
Applying a voltage of the same polarity to a pixel over a plurality of fields (frames) as described above is based on the T connected to the pixel.
This is because the driving capability of the FT 91 is reduced as a result.

When a display panel is used in a mobile phone or the like,
The most important requirement is power consumption. Mobile phone weighs 7
It is 0 g or less, and it is necessary to load batteries and the like within this limited weight. Therefore, the capacity of the battery is limited.

To reduce power consumption, a source driver,
The gate driver and the like may be stopped as much as possible. In addition, the leakage of the TFT 91 of the pixel may be reduced and the voltage once written may be held for a long time. On the other hand, the transfer rate of data sent to a mobile phone is low. Therefore, the display panel only needs to write the data to a predetermined pixel only when the data is sent. In other periods, the source driver and the like are stopped.

In order to reduce the leakage of the TFT 91 of the pixel, it is effective to reduce W (channel width) / L (channel length) of the TFT. In addition, TFT9
2 may be connected in series. When two are connected, L is 2
Double. That is, the channel length (L) is made longer than the channel width (W). However, when the W / L is reduced in this manner, the driving capability of the TFT 91 also decreases. W / L preferably satisfies the condition of 0.3 ≦ W / L ≦ 0.8. When the value of W / L is reduced, the predetermined charge cannot be sufficiently accumulated in the pixel by simply turning on the TFT 91 of each pixel once.

To cope with the above problem, as shown in FIG. 98, voltages of the same polarity are applied to a plurality of fields. In FIGS. 98 (a) and 98 (b), the polarities of the pixels are the same, and are applied to each pixel.
It is easy to understand if the data is considered the same data.

Since the image data sent to the mobile phone or the like has a low speed (low rate), this data is temporarily stored in the memory of the mobile phone. FIG. 98 shows the stored data.
(A) to (d) are sequentially read and applied to the display panel 31. At this time, the same data is written to the pixel a plurality of times.

In FIG. 98, the first field (frame) and the like are described, but this may mean a field (frame) such as a television signal. Although it may mean a simple field (frame), here, it should be considered as one scanning (one screen rewriting) synchronization. It is preferable that the user can freely set this field (frame). Further, it is preferable that the data is automatically changed in accordance with the rate of data to be transferred (sent). Needless to say, these settings can be easily realized by using an MPU (microcomputer). Also, it is preferable that the setting of how many fields (frames) the same data is written to the pixels can be set by the MPU in the same manner.

In the above embodiment, the same data is written to each pixel in a plurality of fields (frames). However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be changed for each field (frame). However, voltages of the same polarity are applied to the pixels in a plurality of fields (frames). In particular, when the transmitted data is a television image or the like, the amplitude value of the voltage applied to an arbitrary pixel (focusing on a certain pixel) is substantially the same in a plurality of fields (frames). Therefore, if a voltage of the same polarity is applied over a plurality of fields (frames), the TFT 9 having a low driving capability can be used.
The target voltage can be written to the pixel even after one or more fields.

In FIG. 98, the time between fields does not mean an equal interval. For example, FIG.
8 (a) and (b) are performed in a short time,
The period from the operation (b) to the operation (c) to the row may be long.

In FIG. 98, it is assumed that voltages of the same polarity are applied to one pixel column. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
Voltages of the same polarity may be applied to one pixel row. FIG.
The polarity may be changed for each dot as shown in FIG.

FIG. 99 shows a method for implementing pseudo interlace driving using the data transmitted from FIG. The pseudo interlace drive is a method in which the same data is written in two pixel rows, and the writing start position is shifted by one pixel in the first field and the second field. In the first field shown in FIG. 99 (a), the same image (data) is applied to the first and second and third and fourth pixel rows, and as shown in FIG. 99 (b),
In the second field, the first pixel row is the same as the first field, and the same image (data) is applied to the second and third, fourth and fifth pixel rows.

[0532] The pseudo interlace drive is suitable for displaying a moving image on a liquid crystal display panel. To respond to this drive,
From the memory image shown in FIG. 97, the transmitting section transmits data corresponding to odd-numbered rows such as m = 1, 3, 5,... In the first field, and m = 2, 4, 6,.
Transmit data corresponding to even-numbered rows. The receiving unit decodes the received data and displays the data shown in FIG. On this occasion,
Needless to say, it is preferable to perform the driving method described with reference to FIG.

When the transmitted data is a moving image,
The driving method of FIG. 100 is performed. The switching in FIGS. 99 and 100 and FIG. 102 described later may be described in the header of the data to be transmitted, or may be detected and switched by performing ID processing in the receiving unit. Further, the user may manually switch the switch. FIG.
9, the display of FIG. 100, FIG. 102, etc., may be divided for each part of the display screen and performed simultaneously. Further, the optimum display method may be implemented for each part by automatically detecting the part.

In the case of displaying a moving image, it is preferable to perform line interpolation. In the first field (frame) shown in FIG. 100 (a), from the first pixel row and the third pixel row (on average)
The data of the mark の in the second pixel row is created. In addition, the data of the fourth pixel line from the third pixel row and the fifth pixel row is created by a triangle. Hereinafter, similarly, data of an even-numbered pixel row is created from data of an odd-numbered pixel row and displayed on a display panel.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the display panel is merely described as a liquid crystal display panel for the sake of simplicity, and the display target is a PDP display panel, an EL display panel. It goes without saying that another display panel such as a display panel or a DMP may be used.

In the second field (frame), data of odd-numbered pixel rows is created and displayed from data of even-numbered pixel rows. Thereafter, the first field and the second field are alternately performed.

[0537] The transmission unit sequentially transmits the data stored in the memory of FIG. 97. In the first field (frame), data of an odd-numbered pixel row is transmitted to the receiving unit, and in the second field (frame), data of an even-numbered pixel row is transmitted. FIG.
By performing the display (processing), it is possible to realize a favorable moving image display.

In the driving method of the present invention, FIG.
Needless to say, it is preferable to carry out the driving method of FIG. 34 at the same time.

In FIG. 100, one pixel row is selected during one horizontal scanning period. However, if pixels are configured as shown in FIG. 101, a gate signal line is selected every one pixel, and In addition, an image can be displayed at the same time as the data of the intermediate pixel row is created from the data of the upper and lower two pixel rows.

In FIG. 101, the pixel electrode 14a covers the upper half of the pixel 835a and the pixel 835b. The pixel electrode 14b covers the lower half of the pixel 835c and the pixel 835b.

The pixel 835a is a pixel in the third pixel row, the pixel 835b is a pixel in the fourth pixel row, and the pixel 835c is a pixel in the fifth pixel row. When the TFT 91a is turned on, a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 14a. Therefore, the pixel electrode 14a
The transmittance of the upper liquid crystal layer 18 changes. The area where the transmittance changes is the lower half of the pixels 835c and 835b. Attention is paid to the pixel 835b here.
35a and 835c provide an averaged display. This is nothing but creating data of the intermediate pixel row from the upper and lower two pixel rows in FIG.

As described above, by employing the configuration shown in FIG. 101, the display method shown in FIG. 100 can be realized only by selecting one gate signal line in two horizontal scanning (2H) periods.

FIG. 102 is basically the driving method of FIG. The transmitting unit extracts data from the memory (image) shown in FIG. 97 and transfers the data to the receiving side. Transfer (Fig. 102
Data required for display of (a) → data required for display of (FIG. 102 (b)) → data required for display of (FIG. 102 (c)) → data required for display of (FIG. 102 (d)) Data →
The data necessary for the display of FIG. 102 (a) is sequentially transferred. The data of the pixels that are not rewritten are kept as they are (the same image is displayed until the next rewriting).

The display method shown in FIG. 102 is most suitable for displaying a still image. In addition, one screen (one frame)
Since the image of / 4 changes, the visual effect that the screen gradually changes is also exerted.

[0545] By using the display method, the display device, and the like of the embodiment of the present invention described above, a large number of application products (application systems) can be manufactured.

FIG. 103 is an explanatory diagram of an application development system of the optical transmission device according to the present invention. This is a system in which many presenters make a presentation using one projector 1031.

[0547] There are transmitting circuits 881 for the number of presenters. Further, the projector 1031 is provided with one receiving circuit 882. The receiving circuit 882 receives power from a dedicated power socket (power supply connector 1033) provided in the main body of the projector 1031. The receiving circuit 882 transmits the HD and VD synchronization signals and the R, G, and B video signals to the projector 1031. The projector 1031 projects the image data from the receiving circuit 882 on the screen 1032. Each of the transmission circuits 881 is connected to a personal computer, and power is supplied from a battery.

In FIG. 103, only one light receiving element 713 is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 104, a plurality of light receiving elements 713 are provided, and the output from the light receiving elements 713 is output to the switcher 10.
41 (switching means) to switch the projector 10
31 may be input. The switcher 1041 selects the light receiving element 713 having the best light receiving state. Providing such a switcher facilitates positioning of the receiving unit and the transmitting unit.

The transmitting circuit 881 is provided with a light emitting element 712a for transmitting data at high speed and a light receiving element 713a for receiving data at 10 Mbit / sec or less (see FIG. 105). FIG. 105 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure for the presenter to make a presentation exclusively using the projector 1031.

First, when a presenter makes a presentation, the transmitting circuit 8
The button 1051 of the main body 81 is pressed. Assume that the presenter's transmission circuit is 881a for ease of explanation. When the presenter presses the button 1051a, from the light emitting element 712a,
The transmission request command and the transmission unit number are transmitted. The light receiving element 713c receives the command data, and the receiving circuit 882 decodes the command.

If it is determined that the command is a transmission request command, it is understood that the button 1051a of the transmission circuit 881a has been pressed. Therefore, the reception circuit 882 transmits a transmission stop command to the transmission circuit 881 to disable transmission from the transmission circuit 881 of another presenter. Then, the transmission circuit 881a receives the transmission stop command via the light receiving elements 713a, 313b and the like. Then, the transmission circuit 881
Modes other than "a" are transmission disabled modes. Thereafter, transmission data is transmitted from the transmission circuit 881a of the presenter, and a presentation can be made.

According to the above configuration / method, with the configuration shown in FIG. 103, a large number of presenters can make a presentation efficiently using one projector and the receiving circuit 882.

FIG. 106 shows a system for transmitting an image to the display device 31 of each passenger on an aircraft, a train, a bus, or the like.

Each passenger seat 1062 is provided with a 7.5-inch liquid crystal monitor. The video image from the video tape recorder (VTR) 1061 is converted into serial data by the transmission circuit 881 and transmitted from the light emitting element 712. There is a wall 1063 between the VTR 1061 and the seat 1062. Therefore, the infrared ray 201 from the light emitting element 712 is transmitted near the ceiling. Each light receiving element 713
Receives the data of the infrared ray 201, decodes it by the receiving circuit 882, and then assembles and displays it on the display device 31 as video data.

[0555] Fig. 107 is a configuration diagram of a system that connects a reception signal from a reception system 1071 such as a BS or CS to a television 1074 without connecting the signal with a cable or the like. A reception signal from the reception system 1071 is encoded (converted into serial data or the like) by the transmission circuit 881. The light-emitting element 712 is attached to the window 1072 using a suction cup 1073a. A light receiving element 713 is attached to the opposite surface of the window 1072 with a suction cup 1073b. That is, the light emitting element 712 and the light receiving element 713 transmit and receive data with the infrared ray 201 without contact. The data received by the light receiving element 713 is sent to a receiving circuit 882, which decodes the data and displays the image data on a television (monitor) 1074.

By transmitting and receiving data through the window glass 1072 as described above, the receiving system 1071
There is no need to make holes in walls or the like to draw wiring from the room.

FIG. 108 shows an example of application to a television. The tuner 1082 is a television broadcast receiver. In addition, a timer 1081 for generating the current time and a flash memory 843a capable of storing a user identification code (user ID), a channel number used by the user, a time when the user used each channel, and the like are provided. I have. The remote controller 1083 is provided with a flash memory 843b in which a user ID is registered.

[0558] A user who watches television watches a program on the same channel at the same time every week. Because serial drama is broadcast for three months or one year.
Therefore, when the user turns on the television, he wants to watch the target program.

In the invention of FIG. 108, the channel set previously when the power of the television is turned on is analyzed from the day of the week and the time, and automatically tuned to the channel desired by the user.

The tuner 1082 is a kind of controller, and stores the channel number, time, and day of the week that the user is watching while the power of the television is on for a certain period of time.
3a. The time is read from the timer 1081. When broadcasting a user commercial or the like, the user often switches to another channel. Therefore, the memory 84
The recording to 3a is performed by determining that the same channel is continuously viewed for a certain period. That is, recording is performed when the same channel is viewed for 5 minutes or more. The “certain period” is set so that the television manufacturer or the like can change the period. In addition, it may be possible for the user to make changes.

When the power of the television is turned on, the tuner 10
82 reads out the current time and day of the week, and reads out the timer 1081. Then, the channel number frequently set for the time and day of the week is read from the memory 843a. Tuning is performed based on this channel number, and broadcast image data is transmitted from the transmission circuit 881.

The user often turns on the television shortly before the start of the program. Therefore, instead of obtaining the channel number from the time at which the program was turned on, the user obtains the channel set at a later time from the memory 843a. . The television manufacturer or the like can also set how many minutes after the on time the channel number is to be obtained. The setting is easy because only the address of the ROM table is changed by software. Further, when watching a program on another channel, it is preferable that the display of "channel switching" be displayed on the television screen at the registered time. These can be easily realized by creating an MPU (microcomputer) program.

There is a problem that a favorite channel differs depending on a user, that is, a family member. It often occurs on the main living room living room TV. To cope with this problem, an ID number can be registered in the remote controller 1083. The user first presses an ID key (family name) provided on remote controller 1083. Then, the remote control 1083
The MPU reads the user ID from the memory 843b, and stores the user ID in the light emitting element 712b and the light receiving element
13b to the tuner 1082. The tuner 1082 (preferably an MPU or a controller) obtains a channel number from the ROM 843a using the corresponding user ID, time, and day of the week, and performs tuning.

[0564] The day of the week may be a day of the month. That is,
It is a fixed date and time over the year. User ID
Is registered in the ROM 843b of the remote controller 1083, but the present invention is not limited to this.
May be provided. In addition, a user who has not registered a user ID may have a function combined with a password so that the user operates so that the power of the television is not turned on.
This is for security protection.

When a plurality of registered channel numbers are set at the same time, the priority may be determined.
It is preferable that the priority can be freely set by the user. In addition, it is preferable that the registered channel number is displayed on the television screen 31 and the remote controller 1083 can select and switch the channel number.

Although the embodiment of FIG. 108 has been described as an optical transmission apparatus, the transmission circuit 881, the reception circuit 882, and the like may be eliminated, and the television 1074 or the display unit 31 and the tuner 1082 may be integrated. TV system (video display device). That is, the optical transmission unit is an applied component of the present invention, and the technical idea of FIG. 108 is that the channel is automatically tuned from a certain day of the week, time, and the like. Further, the present invention can be applied to not only a video display device such as a television but also a video recording device such as a video. Video also has a timer, etc.
This is because it can be realized by providing a and MPU. That is, the technical idea of FIG. 108 is DVD, TV, video,
Applicable to all video equipment such as video cameras. In addition, audio equipment such as CD, CD-R, CD-RW (C
D rewritable), MD, DVD audio, etc., and also applicable to personal computers.

[0567] Although channels are obtained from the memory 843a, if a large number of channels are recorded at the same day of the week and time, first, the function of selecting the latest one, the channel with the largest number of recordings are selected. It is preferable that the function to be selected be fixed or freely selectable.

With the above arrangement, when the user turns on the television, the user is tuned to the target channel. Each time, the user needs to look at the program column of the newspaper and set the channel number. Absent.

FIG. 1, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 10, FIG. 14, FIG.
6, FIG. 17, FIG. 20, FIG. 24, FIG. 51, FIG. 45, FIG.
6, FIG. 63, FIG. 65, FIG. 67, FIG. 88, FIG.
2, the display panel of the present invention or the display panel of the display device shown in FIG. 96, FIG. 101, FIG. 106, FIG. Good. In the reflection type or the transflective type, the pixel electrode in the active matrix type may be used as the pixel electrode, and in the simple matrix type, the stripe-shaped electrode (hereinafter, referred to as pixel electrode etc.) may be formed as a reflection mirror or a half mirror using a metal thin film. A reflective mirror sheet and a reflective mirror plate (hereinafter
(Referred to as a reflecting mirror or the like).

When the reflection mirror or the like is configured as a total reflection mirror, a front light is arranged on the light incident surface of the display panel. When the reflection mirror or the like is a transflective type, a backlight is provided on the back surface of the display panel. Place or form. A prism sheet is arranged or formed on the backlight. Use two or three sheets of prism sheet,
The longitudinal direction of the prism of one of the prism sheets is from 10 degrees to 25 degrees with respect to the vertical axis of the screen (DE).
G. FIG. ) Tilt. Further, both the front light and the backlight may be used.

[0571] It is preferable to form an antireflection film made of an inorganic material on the surface of the display panel or the polarizing plate. In addition, if a touch panel is arranged on the surface, the functionality or operability is significantly improved.

[0572] On the reflection mirror or the like, in order to improve the reflectivity and realize high brightness, irregularities of approximately 3/2 shape are formed on the surface of the reflection mirror, or a polygonal diffraction grating such as a triangle is formed. It is effective to do. It is also effective to fill the surface of the irregularities or the diffraction grating or the like with an acrylic resin and flatten it, and then form a pixel electrode made of ITO or the like on the flattened surface. A color filter may be used instead of the acrylic resin. By using a color filter, flattening can be realized simultaneously with formation of the color filter. Also, when the substrate used for the display panel is a plastic substrate, the substrate itself is pressed to form irregularities,
A reflection mirror or the like may be formed on the unevenness. Also,
The plastic substrate is mainly made of SiO
_2. It is effective to form a gas barrier layer made of magnesium fluoride or the like. Pixel electrodes and the like are formed on the gas barrier layer.

[0573] One or two phase films are arranged between the panel and the polarizing plate on the light emitting surface of the display panel (in the direction in which the observer looks at the screen in reflection). Further, when the display panel is of a transflective type, the distance between the display panel and the backlight is 1
Place two phase films. In other words, the backlight,
A polarizing plate, a phase film, and a panel are arranged in this order. By the phase film, the phase of light modulated by the display panel can be rotated to realize a good image display by the reflection method.

In the case of a simple matrix system, a pulse width modulation (PWM) system is effective for driving the liquid crystal layer, and a combination of PWM and frame control (FRC) is effective. For example, in order to realize 32 gradation display, 16 gradation display by PWM and 4 section display by FRC are combined. In the case of an active matrix, 1 dot inversion drive, 1H inversion drive, 1V
It is preferable to perform inversion driving, and it is also preferable to perform digital PWM modulation or the like.

[0575] The technical concept described in the embodiment of the present invention is a video camera, a liquid crystal projector, a three-dimensional television, a projection television, a viewfinder, a mobile phone,
PHS, portable information terminal and its monitor, digital camera and its monitor, electrophotographic system, head-mounted display, direct-view monitor display, notebook personal computer, video camera, electronic still camera, monitor of automatic teller machine, public telephone, videophone It goes without saying that the present invention can be applied or applied to personal computers, liquid crystal watches and display units thereof, liquid crystal display monitors of home electric appliances, pocket game machines and monitors thereof, backlights for display panels, and the like.

[0576]

The display panel, display device, etc. of the present invention exhibit characteristic effects in accordance with the respective constitutions such as improvement of blurring of moving images, reduction of cost, and enhancement of luminance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a pixel structure of the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the lighting device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the lighting device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram of a method for driving the display device of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 54 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is an explanatory diagram of a prism substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram of a prism substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57 is an explanatory diagram of a prism substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is an explanatory diagram of a prism substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is an explanatory diagram of a video camera according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60 is an explanatory diagram of a viewfinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 61 is a sectional view of a viewfinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a cross-sectional view of a viewfinder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is a configuration diagram of a viewfinder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal television according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 65 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal television according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 66 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 67 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 68 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 69 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 70 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 71 is a configuration diagram of an optical transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a waveform chart of each part of the optical transmission device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 73 is a configuration diagram of an optical transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 74 is a waveform diagram of each part of the optical transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 75 is a configuration diagram of an optical transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 76 is a waveform diagram of each part of the optical transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 77 is a configuration diagram of an optical transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 78 is a waveform diagram of each part of the optical transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 79 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 80 is an explanatory diagram of a lighting device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 81 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 82 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 83 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 84 is an explanatory diagram of an optical transmission device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 85 is a configuration diagram of a transmission unit of the optical transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 86 is a configuration diagram of a transmission unit of the optical transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 87 is a configuration diagram of a transmission / reception unit of the optical transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 88 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 89 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 90 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 91 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 92 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 93 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 94 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 95 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 96 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 97 is an explanatory diagram of an image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 98 is an explanatory diagram of an image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 99 is an explanatory diagram of an image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 100 is an explanatory diagram of an image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 101 is an explanatory diagram of an image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 102 is an explanatory diagram of an image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 103 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 104 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 105 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 106 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 107 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 108 is an explanatory diagram of an image display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 109 is an explanatory diagram of a method for driving a display panel of an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 10 polarizing plate (polarizing film) 11 array substrate 12 counter substrate 14 pixel electrode 15 counter electrode 16 reflective electrode 17 color filter 18 liquid crystal layer (light modulation layer) 19 insulating film (dielectric film) 21 anti-reflection film 22 light transmission portion ( (Opening) 23 contact hole (connection) 24 (gate) signal line 25 (source) signal line 26 convex (concavo-convex) 31 display panel 41 source driver 81 black matrix (light shielding film) 91 thin film transistor (switching element) 101 common electrode (Reflection film) 102 Additional capacitance (storage capacitance) 121 Diffusion material 122 Scattering layer 141 Thickness control film 151 Light absorbing film (Light scattering film) 161 Smoothing film 162 Depression 171 Antireflection film 172 Optical coupling material 173 Micro lens array 181 Lines of electric force 191 Holding part 261 White LED 262 LED array 264 Light guide plate (light guide member) 265 Reflector plate (reflection member / reflection film) 266 Backlight 271 Diffusion sheet (diffusion plate) 272 Prism sheet 273 Depression 291 Light diffusion dot 301 Reflection film (or light diffusion member) 311 Reflective film 312 Hollow part 321 Fiber 322 Adhesive 331 Non-lighting part 332 Lighting part 351 Gate driver 352 Driver controller 353 Image display part 354 LED driver 355 Backlight controller 356 Video signal processing circuit 357 Switching switch 371 λ / 4 plate ( λ / 4 sheet) 401 Light diffusing material 402 Electrode pattern 403 Terminal electrode 411 Projection 412 Bonder wire (connection means) 431 Color filter 432 Heat sink 433 Light emitting element 441 Body (housing) 442 Fresnel lens (reflection type parabolic mirror) 443 Projection 444 Stop 445 Lid 446 Rotating unit 447 Gamma switch 448 Polarization conversion element 449 Contrast adjustment monitor (display unit) 450 NW / NB switch 452 Polarizing beam splitter (PBS) 453 Beam splitter (light separation means) 454 PS separation film (optical interference multilayer film) 455 Mirror (reflection film / reflection member) 456 λ / 2 plate (phase film) 457 Light reflection film 471 Parabolic mirror 481 Lens (positive lens) 511 Eye of observer 521 External light capturing section 531 Light emitting surface 551 Air gap 581 Low refractive index material section 582 High refractive index material section 583 Spacer 591 Photographic lens 592 Video camera body 593 Storage section 594 Eyepiece rubber (eye cap / eyepiece) cover) 601 Transparent block 602 Parabolic mirror (concave mirror) 611 Body 612 Magnifying lens 613 Eyepiece ring 614 Eyepiece cover 621 Light shielding part (light shielding film / light absorption film) 622 Opening part 623 Lens array 624 Lens 641 Outer frame 642 Fixing member 643 Leg 644 Leg mounting part 661 Lamp house 662 UVIR cut filter 663 Dichroic mirror 664 Projection lens 665 Housing 671 Lamp 672 Concave mirror 673 Motor 674 Rotary filter 675 Rotation axis 681 Pressure / purity sensor 682 Disk 683 Transparent membrane 684 Case 702 Hologram 703 Reflecting block 704 Triangular block 705 Nitrogen (hydrogen) 706 Movable reflective pixel 711 LED driver (light emitting element driver) 712 Light emitting diode (Light emitting element) 713 photodiode (light receiving element) 714 light receiving amplifier 715 edge detection circuit 716 delay circuit 717 addition circuit 718 comparator 719 reference voltage 720 frequency dividing circuit 721 D-FF 722 edge detection circuit 723 SR-FF 724 sampling clock generation Circuit 726 XOR 727 Comparator 830 Buffer circuit 831 OR 832 Inverter 834 Transfer gate (TG) 835 Pixel 841 Video signal source 842 Data separation circuit 843 Memory 844 Encoding circuit 845 Decoding circuit 846 Data combining circuit 851 Fresnel lens 852 Lens board 853 LED 854 Holder 861 Base 871 Frequency modulation circuit 872 Speaker 881 Transmission circuit 882 Receiving circuit 951 D / Converter (DA) 1031 Projector 1032 screen 1033 power supply connector 1041 switcher 1061 VTR 1062 seats 1063 wall 1071 receiving system 1072 windows 1073 sucker 1074 TV 1081 timer 1082 tuner 1083 remote control

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G02F 1/13 505 G02F 1/13 505 2H092 1/1334 1/1334 5C094 1/1368 G09F 9/30 338 G09F 9/30 338 349D 349 349B G02F 1/136 500 F term (reference) 2H048 BA02 BA03 BA11 BA64 BB02 BB10 BB24 BB28 BB42 BB44 2H049 CA01 CA05 CA22 2H088 EA12 HA03 HA08 HA12 HA13 HA18 HA21 JA02 JA23 JA03 JA03 MA06 2H089 HA04 HA28 NA25 QA16 RA02 RA03 RA05 RA06 RA10 RA11 TA04 TA09 TA12 TA15 TA16 TA17 TA18 UA05 2H091 FA02Y FA05X FA14Y FA16Z FA41Z FA44Z GA06 GA13 HA02 HA07 HA08 HA10 HA11 JA01 JA02 JA03 LA16 MA07 PA07 PA12 PA07 PA12 PA07 PA12 PA07 QA07 QA08 QA10 QA11 QA15 5C094 AA08 BA01 BA43 CA19 CA24 DA15 EA0 4 EB02 EB04 ED03 ED11 ED14 HA04 HA08

Claims (21)

[Claims] A first substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a plurality of source signal lines are formed; a second substrate arranged at a position facing the first substrate; A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a color filter arranged between the pixel electrode and the first substrate; and a color filter arranged between the source signal line and the pixel electrode. A liquid crystal display panel, comprising: an insulating film; and a reflective film formed at a position where the source signal line and the pixel electrode overlap. 2. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a plurality of source signal lines are formed; a second substrate arranged at a position facing the first substrate; A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first color filter disposed between the pixel electrode and the first substrate; and a connection between the source signal line and the pixel electrode. A pixel electrode, comprising: an insulating film disposed on a substrate; a reflective film formed at a position where the source signal line and the pixel electrode overlap; and a second color filter formed on the second substrate. A liquid crystal display panel having a substantially central portion having light transmissivity, and light incident on the central portion passing through the first color filter and the second color filter. 3. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a plurality of source signal lines, and first and second source drivers for applying a video signal to the source signal lines are formed. A second substrate disposed at a position facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; and disposed between the source signal line and the pixel electrode. An odd-numbered source signal line of the source signal lines is connected to the first source driver, and an even-numbered source signal line of the source signal lines is A liquid crystal display panel connected to a second source driver. 4. A first substrate on which a pixel electrode having light transmissivity arranged in a matrix, a reflective film disposed below the pixel electrode, and a plurality of source signal lines are formed; A second substrate disposed at a position facing the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, and disposed between the pixel electrode and the first substrate A liquid crystal display panel, comprising: a first color filter formed as described above; and a second color filter disposed between the pixel electrode and the reflection film. 5. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes having light transmissivity arranged in a matrix and a plurality of source signal lines are formed, and a first substrate disposed at a position facing the first substrate. A liquid crystal display panel comprising: a second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the source signal line functions as a reflection film. 6. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes having light transmittance arranged in a matrix, a plurality of source signal lines are formed, and a first substrate disposed at a position facing the first substrate. 2, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a common electrode made of metal formed between the pixel electrode and the first substrate. A liquid crystal display panel, wherein the common electrode functions as a reflection film. 7. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a plurality of source signal lines are formed; a second substrate arranged at a position facing the first substrate; A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a color filter arranged between the pixel electrode and the first substrate; and a color filter arranged between the source signal line and the pixel electrode. An insulating film, and a reflective film formed at a position where the source signal line and the pixel electrode overlap with each other. At least a part of the pixel electrode has a light transmitting property. A liquid crystal display panel having a thickness smaller than that of a liquid crystal layer on a light-transmitting pixel electrode. 8. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a plurality of source signal lines are formed; a second substrate arranged at a position facing the first substrate; A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a color filter arranged between the pixel electrode and the first substrate; and a color filter arranged between the source signal line and the pixel electrode. A liquid crystal display, comprising: an insulating film that has been formed; and a reflective film formed at a position where the source signal line and the pixel electrode overlap each other, wherein the reflective film is formed to have a predetermined angle of inclination. panel. 9. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a plurality of source signal lines are formed; a second substrate arranged at a position facing the first substrate; A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first color filter disposed between the pixel electrode and the first substrate; and a second filter formed on the second substrate. A second color filter; an insulating film disposed between the source signal line and the pixel electrode; and a first reflection formed on the first substrate at a position where the source signal line and the pixel electrode overlap. A liquid crystal display panel comprising: a film; and a second reflective film formed on the second substrate. 10. A first substrate on which pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a plurality of source signal lines are formed, and a second substrate on which a black matrix and a counter electrode are formed.
And a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein a concave groove is formed in the second substrate, and the black matrix is formed in the concave groove. A liquid crystal display panel characterized in that: 11. A first substrate on which a first electrode is formed, a second substrate on which a second electrode is formed, and a liquid crystal sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate A liquid crystal display panel, comprising: a liquid crystal layer; and a liquid crystal layer having a constant inclination for each pixel. 12. A first substrate having a first electrode formed thereon, a second substrate having a second electrode formed thereon, and a liquid crystal sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. A liquid crystal display panel comprising: a liquid crystal display panel; 13. A first substrate on which a first electrode is formed, a second substrate on which a second electrode is formed, a third substrate on which third and fourth electrodes are formed, A first liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the third substrate; and a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the second substrate and the third substrate, A liquid crystal display panel, wherein the first and second liquid crystal layers are formed so that the film thickness of each of the first and second liquid crystal layers has a constant inclination for each pixel. 14. A first substrate on which a first electrode is formed, a second substrate on which a second electrode is formed, a third electrode, the first substrate and the third electrode A first liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the second substrate and the third electrode; a film of the first and second liquid crystal layers; A liquid crystal display panel, wherein the thickness is formed to have a constant inclination for each pixel, and the liquid crystal layer is composed of liquid crystal and resin. 15. A light generating means having a discharge lamp, a liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, which modulates light from said light generating means, and a display image of said liquid crystal display panel. A projection display device comprising: a projection lens for enlarging and projecting. 16. A light emitting device, the liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, wherein light from the light emitting device is converted into substantially parallel light to illuminate the liquid crystal display panel. A view finder comprising: a light condensing means for enlarging an image displayed on the liquid crystal display panel; 17. A projection type display device comprising: a display panel in which pixel mirrors movable by application of a voltage are arranged in a matrix; a hologram color filter; and light generating means having a discharge lamp. 18. Light-emitting LEs arranged in a matrix
An image display device comprising: D; and a Fresnel lens disposed on a light emitting surface of the light emitting LED. 19. A first substrate formed so that a plurality of gate signal lines and a plurality of source signal lines are orthogonal to each other, a first gate driver connected to the odd-numbered gate signal lines, A second gate driver connected to the even-numbered gate signal line, a first source driver connected to the odd-numbered source signal line, and a second source connected to the even-numbered source signal line An image display device comprising: a driver; and a memory for storing video data. 20. A first operation for receiving a transmitted optical signal, detecting rising and falling edge information from the received optical signal, and detecting the edge information for each of the detected edge information. And a second operation of performing quantization so that 0 and 1 are alternately performed. 21. An optical-electrical conversion means for receiving a transmitted optical signal and converting the received optical signal into an electric signal, and a first means for detecting edge information from the converted electric signal.
Edge detecting means, a quantizing means for generating a quantized signal based on the detected edge information, a frequency dividing means for generating a 分 frequency-divided signal from the quantized signal, An optical transmission apparatus, comprising: sampling means for sampling and outputting a 1/2 frequency-divided signal; and second edge detecting means for detecting an edge of an output signal of the sampling means.