JP2012103685A - Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device in which a viewing angle can be improved by preventing a bruising phenomenon, a pooling phenomenon, and the like to enhance the quality of an image, and a manufacturing method for the same.SOLUTION: A liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate, a first electrode disposed on a first surface of the first substrate, a second substrate that faces the first substrate, a second electrode disposed on a first surface of the second substrate so as to face the first electrode, and a liquid crystal structure including a liquid crystal capsule between the first substrate and the second substrate. The bruising phenomenon, the pooling phenomenon, and the like can be prevented to improve the image quality, so that a full-color image can be provided without a color filter or a compensation film.

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a manufacturing method thereof.

  The liquid crystal display device is a display device that can display a desired image by disposing a liquid crystal layer between two transparent substrates and adjusting the light transmittance for each pixel in accordance with driving of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display device is initially arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate or in one horizontal direction and interposed between the two substrates. A transparent electrode is disposed on the substrate, and when an electric field is generated for each pixel through such an electrode, the orientation of liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer changes, and when no electric field is formed between the two electrodes, a liquid crystal is formed. The molecule recovers to its initial orientation.

US Pat. No. 5,784,136 Korean Patent Application Publication No. 1999-0029886 Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2008-0037487 Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2009-0111161

  However, when a pressure applied by a user's touch is applied to a substrate of a conventional liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules arranged in the liquid crystal display device are aligned according to the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are pressed even if no electric field is generated. Therefore, unevenness such as black marks is formed depending on the pressurization site, or a bruising phenomenon in which the recovery speed to the initial alignment of liquid crystal molecules is slow, or the liquid crystal is continuously along the direction in which stress due to pressure is generated. This causes problems such as a pooling phenomenon. In order to solve such problems, support frames are arranged between the two substrates at a predetermined interval or spacers are installed. However, in this case, the structure of the liquid crystal display device becomes complicated and manufactured. The problem that the process becomes difficult occurs.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device that can prevent a bluing phenomenon, a pooling phenomenon, and the like to improve an image quality and ensure an improved viewing angle.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device that can prevent the bulging phenomenon and the pooling phenomenon, improve the image quality, and simplify the process.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device having red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures and capable of realizing a full color image without a color filter or a compensation film.

  It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures and capable of realizing a full color image without a color filter or a compensation film.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate, a first electrode disposed on a first surface of the first substrate, and a second electrode facing the first substrate. A substrate, a second electrode disposed on the first surface of the second substrate facing the first electrode, and at least one including a liquid crystal capsule interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate Two liquid crystal structures are provided.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal capsule may include a liquid crystal molecule and a polymer layer that receives the liquid crystal molecule, respectively.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device includes a first region, a second region, and a third region, and the liquid crystal structure is a red liquid crystal structure disposed in the first region. A green liquid crystal structure disposed in two regions and a blue liquid crystal structure disposed in the third region may be included.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures may include red, green, and blue dye structures, respectively. For example, the red, green, and blue dye structures can include red, green, and blue dyes mixed with binders, surfactants, and additives, respectively.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures may include a red dye coating layer, a green dye coating layer, and a blue dye coating layer that enclose the liquid crystal capsule, respectively. For example, the red, green, and blue dye coating layers may include red, green, and blue dyes mixed with a binder, a surfactant, an initiator, and a monomer, respectively.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures may include red, green, and blue color binders in which the liquid crystal capsules are dispersed, respectively.

The exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include a partition disposed between the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal molecules may have a positive dielectric anisotropy and may have a negative dielectric anisotropy. For example, the liquid crystal capsules can each have a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a polarizing plate may be additionally included on at least one of the second surface of the first substrate and the second surface of the second substrate.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode may be arranged at an angle of about 45 ° with respect to the optical axis of the polarizing plate. For example, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is separated into the positive “I” shape, the negative “I” shape, the positive “T” shape, and the negative “T” shape. It can have a positive “T” shape, a separate negative “T” shape, and the like.

  The exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include a first polarizing plate disposed on the second surface of the first substrate and a second polarizing plate disposed on the second surface of the second substrate. . Therefore, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode has an angle of about 45 ° with respect to at least one of the optical axis of the first polarizing plate and the optical axis of the second polarizing plate. Can be arranged in

  In order to achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate, a first electrode disposed on a first surface of the first substrate, and a first electrode facing the first substrate. Two substrates, a reflective layer disposed on the first surface of the second substrate facing the first electrode, and a plurality of liquid crystal capsules interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate A liquid crystal structure is provided. The first electrode may be arranged at an angle of about 45 ° with respect to the optical axis of the polarizing plate. For example, the reflective layer may include aluminum, molybdenum, platinum, or the like. These can be used alone or mixed with each other.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the reflective layer may include a plurality of uneven portions, and may further include a polarizing plate disposed on the second surface of the first substrate.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device includes a reflective region and a transmissive region, the reflective layer is located in the reflective region, and is on the first surface of the second substrate in the transmissive region. A second electrode may be further included.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal capsule may include a liquid crystal molecule and a polymer layer that receives the liquid crystal molecule. For example, the liquid crystal display device includes a first region, a second region, and a third region, the liquid crystal structure is a red liquid crystal structure disposed in the first region, and a green liquid crystal disposed in the second region. The structure may include a blue liquid crystal structure disposed in the third region.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures may include red, green, and blue dye structures, respectively.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures may include a red dye coating layer, a green dye coating layer, and a blue dye coating layer that enclose the liquid crystal capsule, respectively.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures may include red, green, and blue color binders in which the liquid crystal capsules are dispersed, respectively.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the barrier rib may be further disposed between the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures.

  In order to achieve the above-described object of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, a first electrode is formed on a first surface of a first substrate. A polarizing plate is formed on the second surface of the first substrate. A second electrode is formed on the first surface of the second substrate facing the first surface of the first substrate. A liquid crystal structure including a liquid crystal capsule in which liquid crystal molecules are received is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode is formed by patterning the conductive layer after forming a conductive layer on the first surface of the first substrate, and the first electrode is about the optical axis of the polarizing plate. It can be formed to be arranged at an angle of about 45 °.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of liquid crystal capsules may be formed using a high-pressure homogeneous period.

  In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal structure may apply the liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode or the second electrode, or apply the liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode or the second electrode substrate. It can be formed by printing.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal structure may be formed between the first substrate and the second substrate before or after bonding the first substrate and the second substrate.

In order to achieve the above-described object of the present invention, in a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, a first electrode is formed on a first substrate having a first region, a second region, and a third region. Form. A blue liquid crystal structure is formed in the third region. A green liquid crystal structure is formed in the second region. A red liquid crystal structure is formed in the first region. A second electrode is formed on the second substrate.
The first substrate and the second substrate are coupled with the blue, green, and red liquid crystal structures interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a partition may be further formed between the first region, the second region, and the third region.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the blue liquid crystal structure is formed by applying a blue mixture including a blue dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode of the third region, and from the blue mixture to the blue color. The green liquid crystal structure may be formed by applying a green mixture including a green dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode of the second region, and forming the green liquid crystal structure. The red liquid crystal structure may be formed by forming a red liquid crystal structure including a red dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode of the first region. , And forming the red liquid crystal structure from the red mixture.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the blue liquid crystal structure forms a blue preliminary liquid crystal structure including a blue dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode, and the blue liquid crystal structure includes the first and second regions. The blue preliminary liquid crystal structure may be partially removed. The green liquid crystal structure forms a green preliminary liquid crystal structure including a green dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the blue liquid crystal structure and the first electrode, and the green preliminary liquid crystal structure is formed from the blue liquid crystal structure and the first region. The liquid crystal structure may be formed by partially removing the liquid crystal structure. The red liquid crystal structure forms a red preliminary liquid crystal structure with a red dye and a liquid crystal capsule on the blue liquid crystal structure, the green liquid crystal structure, and the first electrode. The preliminary liquid crystal structure may be partially removed and formed.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure, the green preliminary liquid crystal structure, and the red preliminary liquid crystal structure may be partially removed using an exposure process and a phenomenon process, respectively. .

  As described above, according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, by providing a liquid crystal structure including a liquid crystal capsule of a fine size, it is improved without arranging an additional light distribution film or retardation film. Viewing angle characteristics can be ensured. In addition, when liquid crystal molecules are received in a fine-sized liquid crystal capsule, the phenomenon that the liquid crystal molecules are shaken by pressurization of the first or second substrate, the phenomenon that black marks and unevenness occur, the alignment recovery speed of the liquid crystal molecules is increased. The delayed phenomenon can be effectively prevented. In addition, the liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures including blue, green, and red dyes, a dye coating layer, a color binder, and the like. Full color images can be implemented without requiring additional color filters or compensation films. Thereby, the configuration of the liquid crystal display device is simplified, and the process for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device can be reduced.

1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view for demonstrating the 1st electrode of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is a top view for demonstrating the 1st electrode of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is a top view for demonstrating the 1st electrode of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is a top view for demonstrating the 1st electrode of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is a top view for demonstrating the 1st electrode of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is a top view for demonstrating the 1st electrode of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the drive operation | movement of the conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the drive operation | movement of the conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a driving operation of a liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a driving operation of a liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view for explaining a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view for explaining a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a reflective liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the anti-transmissive liquid crystal display device which concerns on other example embodiment of this invention. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on other exemplary embodiment of this invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

  Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in this specification and drawing, about the component which has the substantially same function structure, duplication description is abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the same code | symbol.

  When a component is referred to as being “coupled” or “connected” to another component, it may be directly coupled to or connected to another component. It should be understood that this includes the case where other components exist in the middle. On the other hand, when a component is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly connected” to another component, it should be understood that there is no other component in between. . Other expressions describing the relationship between components should be interpreted in the same way, such as “between” and “immediately between” or “adjacent to” and “adjacent to”. It is.

  The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular form includes the plural form unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as “including” or “having” indicate that there exists a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification. However, the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof is not excluded in advance. Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in this specification, including technical or scientific terms, are generally understood by those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. Has the same meaning as It should be understood that the same terms defined in commonly used dictionaries have meanings that are consistent with the meanings in the context of the related art, and are not ideal or excessive unless explicitly defined herein. Should not be interpreted as a formal meaning.

  The terms first, second, etc. can be used to describe various components, but these components should not be limited by such terms. The terms are used to distinguish one component from another. For example, a first component can be named a second component without departing from the scope of the present invention, and similarly, a second component can also be named a first component.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a first substrate 110, a second substrate 120, a first electrode 130, a second electrode 140, and a liquid crystal structure 150.

  The first substrate 110 may include a transparent insulating substrate made of glass, transparent polymer, or the like. The first substrate 110 may be provided with a color filter (not shown) that can filter light having passed through the liquid crystal layer 150 with each color light. Such a color filter may include a red color filter for realizing red light, a green color filter for realizing green light, a blue color filter for realizing blue light, and the like.

  The second substrate 120 is disposed so as to face the first substrate 110. The second substrate 120 may include an insulating substrate made of a transparent polymer or glass. The second substrate 120 is provided with a plurality of pixel regions (not shown) for displaying an image. In the pixel region of the second substrate 120, a wiring such as a gate line and a data line and a switching element such as a thin film transistor TFT may be disposed to display an image.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, a polarizing plate (not shown) may be disposed on at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120. For example, a polarizing plate is positioned on the second surface of the first substrate 110 facing the first surface where the first electrode 130 is located, or the second substrate 120 is opposed to the first surface where the second electrode 140 is disposed. A polarizing plate may be disposed on the second surface. In addition, a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate may be disposed on the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120, respectively.

  The first electrode 130 is located on the first surface of the first substrate 110. The first electrode 130 may be made of a transparent material that can transmit light. For example, the first electrode 130 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide, tin oxide, or tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO). A transparent conductive material such as These can be used alone or mixed with each other. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode 130 may correspond to a common electrode that is commonly applied to a plurality of pixel regions.

  The second electrode 140 is disposed on the first surface of the second substrate 120 facing the first surface of the first substrate 110. In the embodiment of the present invention, the second electrode 140 may correspond to a pixel electrode that is disposed in the pixel region of the second substrate 120 and receives a data signal provided from a wiring such as a data line. The second electrode 140 may be made of a transparent material that transmits light. For example, the second electrode 140 may be made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, or tin oxide doped with fluorine. These can be used alone or mixed with each other.

  The liquid crystal structure 150 is disposed between the first electrode 130 on the first substrate 110 and the second electrode 140 on the second substrate 120. The liquid crystal structure 150 includes a polymer layer 152 and a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 156 including liquid crystal molecules 154 located in the polymer layer 152. For example, the liquid crystal structure 150 may have a thickness of about several micrometers (μm) to several tens of micrometers. However, the size of the liquid crystal structure 150 may be increased or decreased depending on the size of the liquid crystal molecules 154 and / or the liquid crystal capsules 156.

  The fine liquid crystal capsules 156 may be randomly arranged in arbitrary directions in the liquid crystal structure 150 or may be aligned in a certain direction. The liquid crystal molecules 154 included in the liquid crystal capsule 156 may have various types such as a radial type, a bipolar type, a toroidal type, and a coaxial type when an electric field is not applied to the liquid crystal structure 150. They can be arranged in a form or randomly arranged in any direction.

  In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the liquid crystal capsules 156 may have a size smaller than the wavelength range of visible rays for light transmission. Each liquid crystal capsule 156 may have a size larger than the diameter of the liquid crystal molecules 154 and smaller than the shortest wavelength of visible light. Since the wavelength of visible light typically has a range of about 380 nm to about 770 nm, each liquid crystal capsule 156 can have a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm, for example.

  When the diameter of each liquid crystal capsule 156 is less than about 10 nm, since the amount of liquid crystal molecules 154 received in the liquid crystal capsule 156 is relatively small, the voltage applied to the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 120 depends on the voltage. In some cases, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 154 is inconvenient depending on the direction of the electric field formed between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 140. On the other hand, when the diameter of each liquid crystal capsule 156 exceeds about 380 nm, visible light having a wavelength of about 380 nm to about 770 nm scatters at the boundary of the liquid crystal capsule 156. In addition, substances for improving light extraction are required. In contrast, when the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 156 is about 10 nm to about 380 nm, the wavelength of visible light is larger than the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 156, so that the visible light does not scatter and the liquid crystal molecules 154 are included. The liquid crystal capsule 156 can pass through. Accordingly, visible light can pass through the liquid crystal structure 150 even if the liquid crystal molecules 154 in the liquid crystal structure 150 are not aligned.

  In an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal molecules 154 may have a positive dielectric anisotropy value. When the liquid crystal molecules 154 having positive dielectric anisotropy are used, it is possible to realize a white mode that is brightest when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric anisotropy may have a negative value. When the liquid crystal molecules 154 having negative dielectric anisotropy are used, it is possible to realize a black mode that becomes the darkest state when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device 100 includes the liquid crystal structure 150 including the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 156 each having a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm and transmits visible light as described above. A separate light distribution film for adjusting the initial alignment state of 154 is not required. Accordingly, the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 100 is simplified, and a process such as rubbing for forming an additional light distribution film is unnecessary, and thus the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device 100 is further simplified. be able to. Further, since the liquid crystal molecules 154 are received by the liquid crystal capsules 156, an additional spacer or a support member for separating the liquid crystal molecules 154 for each pixel is not required, and the first substrate is used when the liquid crystal display device 100 is used. Even if pressure is applied through 110 and / or the second substrate 120, the flow of the liquid crystal molecules 154 surrounded by the polymer layer 152 is limited. As a result, a pooling phenomenon in which the liquid crystal molecules 154 are continuously shaken in the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 154 are pressurized by the pressure applied to the liquid crystal display device 100, a bloating phenomenon in which the alignment recovery speed of the liquid crystal molecules 154 is delayed, and unevenness appears are effective. Can be prevented.

  2 to 7 are plan views for explaining a first electrode of a liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

  2 to 7, the first electrode 130 formed on the first substrate 110 may have various shapes. For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the liquid crystal display device may have a cross-section (that is, in plan view) “I” shape parallel to the thickness direction, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7. It may have a “T” shape, or may have a separate “T” shape as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. 2, 3, and 4 may have a positive structure protruding directly from the first substrate 110, as illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7. The first substrate 110 may have a negative structure that partially exposes the first substrate 110.

  In an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode 130 is about 45 ° from the direction of the transmission axis and the direction of the absorption axis of a polarizing plate (not shown) disposed on the first substrate 110 and / or the second substrate 120. The light transmission efficiency is highest when arranged at an angle. That is, when the long side portion of the positive / negative “I” -shaped or “T” -shaped first electrode 130 is arranged at an angle of about 45 ° with the transmission axis or absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate, The light efficiency of the liquid crystal display device 100 is the highest. In addition, when the first electrode 130 has various shapes exemplarily shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, if a voltage is applied to the first electrode 130, the first electrode 130 is generated between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 140. The direction of the electric field may be irregularly formed with respect to the shape of the first electrode 130. In response to such an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules 154 of the liquid crystal structure 150 may have a multi domain corresponding to each pixel. Accordingly, the liquid crystal display device 100 may be optical in a relatively wide range. In particular, the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device 1001 can be improved by having isotropic properties.

  In other embodiments of the present invention, the shape of the first electrode 130 positioned on the first substrate 110 has been described with reference to FIGS. The two electrodes 140 may have substantially the same or similar shape as the first electrode 130. In this case, the first electrode 130 may have a plate shape in each pixel, and may have various shapes corresponding to the shape of the second electrode 140.

  8 and 9 are cross-sectional views for explaining the driving operation of the conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are for explaining the driving operation of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 8, in the conventional vertical alignment liquid crystal display device, the light distribution film 16 is disposed on the first substrate 11 on which the first electrode 13 is formed, and the liquid crystal molecules 15 are initially transferred to the first substrate 11 or the first substrate 11. Alignment is performed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate 12 on which the two electrodes 14 are formed. In the conventional liquid crystal display device, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 15 are arranged along the vertical direction between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and thus pass through the first substrate 11 and the light distribution film 16. The transmitted light passes through the second substrate 12 without being refracted by the liquid crystal molecules 15.

  Referring to FIG. 9, when a voltage is applied to the conventional liquid crystal display device, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 15 is changed according to the magnitude of the applied voltage, and the first substrate 11 and / or the second substrate 12 is applied. On the other hand, they are arranged in the horizontal direction or in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle, and accordingly, the light passes through the liquid crystal molecules 15 and is refracted. Since the refraction direction of the light passing through the second substrate 12 varies depending on the applied voltage, a gray mode or a white mode can be realized.

  Referring to FIG. 10, in the liquid crystal display according to the embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal structure 150 is disposed between the first substrate 110 having the first electrode 130 and the second substrate 120 having the second electrode 140. Has a configuration. As described with reference to FIG. 1, the liquid crystal structure 150 includes a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 156 in which liquid crystal molecules 154 are injected into the polymer layer 152). Since the plurality of liquid crystal capsules 156 have a diameter smaller than the short wavelength of visible light, the visible light passes through the liquid crystal structure 150 including the liquid crystal capsule 156 without being scattered by the liquid crystal capsule 156 of light. . Therefore, it is not necessary to form a separate light distribution film 16 and align the liquid crystal molecules 15 vertically as in the case of the conventional liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 8, so that the configuration of the liquid crystal display device can be simplified. The manufacturing process can be simplified. When an electric field is not applied to the liquid crystal structure 150 of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal molecules 154 received in the liquid crystal capsule 156 are with respect to the first substrate 110 and / or the second substrate 120. It can be randomly oriented or oriented along a predetermined direction.

  Referring to FIG. 11, when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 140, the liquid crystal molecules 154 in the liquid crystal capsule 156 form an electric field formed between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 140. The orientation is changed depending on the size of the light, and the light passing through the liquid crystal structure 150 is refracted or scattered. Since the polarization direction of the light transmitted through the first substrate 110 or the second substrate 120 varies depending on the voltage applied to the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 140, the liquid crystal display device can realize a gray mode or a white mode. . Specifically, when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 130 on the first substrate 110 and the second electrode 140 on the second substrate 120, an electric field (displayed with a dotted line) is generated between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 140. ) Is generated. In the embodiment of the present invention, when the first electrode 130 and / or the second electrode 140 have various shapes as described above, the electric field is bent and bent at the boundary between the first electrode 130 and / or the second electrode 140. A multi-domain is formed in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 154 is locally changed by the direction of the electric field. Such a multi-domain formation can improve the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device.

  12 and 13 are perspective views for explaining a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 12, the liquid crystal display device includes a first polarizer 160a disposed on the first substrate 110 and having a first optical axis, and a second polarizer 120 disposed on the second substrate 120 and having a second optical axis. Including two polarizing plates 170a. The first polarizing plate 160a and the second polarizing plate 170a may be disposed on the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 so as to face the first electrode (not shown) and the second electrode (not shown), respectively. it can. For example, when the first electrode and the second electrode are positioned on the first surface of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120, respectively, the first polarizing plate 160a and the second polarizing plate 170a are the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 170a. Each may be disposed on the second surface of the substrate 120.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention, the first optical axis of the first polarizing plate 160a and the second optical axis of the second polarizing plate 170a may be disposed at an angle of about 90 degrees. When no voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, light passing through the first polarizing plate 160a passes only through the liquid crystal structure 150 according to the first optical axis, and the first polarizing plate 160a and the first substrate are transmitted. Since the light passing through 110 cannot recognize the liquid crystal capsule 156 having a diameter smaller than the wavelength of visible light, the light that follows the first optical axis reaches the second substrate 120 and the second polarizing plate 170a without being scattered. Become. When the second optical axis of the second polarizing plate 170a is arranged at an angle of substantially 90 degrees with the first optical axis of the first polarizing plate 160a, the first polarizing plate 160a passes through the first optical axis. Since the light having the optical axis cannot pass through the second polarizing plate 170a, the liquid crystal display device displays a black image without transmitting light through the second substrate 120 and the second polarizing plate 170a.

  The first electrode positioned between the first substrate 110 and the liquid crystal structure 150 and the second electrode disposed between the second substrate 120 and the liquid crystal structure 150 are shown in FIGS. When the liquid crystal display has various shapes, a multi-domain in which the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in each liquid crystal capsule 156 is changed by an electric field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode may be formed. Even if the apparatus is viewed from various angles, the viewing angle that can ensure a certain level of visibility is improved.

  According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 13, the first optical axis of the first polarizing plate 160b is arranged in substantially the same direction as the second optical axis of the second polarizing plate 170b. Can do. In this case, when no voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, the light passes through the first polarizing plate 160b and the first substrate 110 and is scattered by the liquid crystal structure 150 having the first optical axis. Or reaches the second substrate 120 without being refracted. The light transmitted through the second substrate 120 is transmitted through the second polarizing plate 170b having the second optical axis arranged in substantially the same direction as the first optical axis, so that the light is transmitted through the second polarizing plate. After passing through 170b, the liquid crystal display device can realize a white mode.

  In an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal structure including a fine sized liquid crystal capsule having a diameter equal to or shorter than a short wavelength of visible light, so that no additional light distribution film or retardation film is disposed. However, improved viewing angle characteristics can be secured. In addition, by accepting liquid crystal molecules in a fine-sized liquid crystal capsule, the liquid crystal molecules are shaken by pressurization of the first substrate or the second substrate, black marks and unevenness are generated, and the alignment recovery speed of the liquid crystal molecules. It is possible to effectively prevent the phenomenon of delay.

  FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a reflective liquid crystal display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 14, a liquid crystal display device 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 210, a second substrate 220, a first electrode 230, a reflective layer 240 and a liquid crystal structure 250.

  The first substrate 210 may include a transparent substrate made of glass, transparent polymer, etc., a gate line formed on the transparent substrate, a data line, a wiring such as a thin film transistor, and a switching element. The second substrate 220 is disposed to face the first substrate 210 and may include a transparent substrate made of glass, a transparent polymer, or the like.

  The second substrate 220 may additionally include a black matrix (not shown) or the like corresponding to a switching device such as a thin film transistor formed on the first substrate 210.

  The first electrode 230 is located on the first substrate 210. The first electrode 230 may include the same transparent material as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide. As described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7, the first electrode 230 may have various shapes.

  The reflective layer 240 is disposed on the second substrate 220. The reflective layer 240 may be made of a material having a relatively high light reflectance. For example, the reflective layer 240 may include a metal such as aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), or platinum (Pt). These can be used alone or in the form of an alloy.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the reflective liquid crystal display device provides the natural light emitted from the outside to the liquid crystal structure 250 to display an image, and the natural light transmitted through the first substrate 210 is formed on the second substrate 220. The reflection layer 240 is reflected to increase the brightness of the reflective liquid crystal display device. Here, the reflective layer 240 may have a uniform thickness or may include a plurality of uneven portions in order to increase the reflection efficiency of incident light. For example, the reflective layer 240 may have a structure including a plurality of lenses.

  The liquid crystal structure 250 is disposed between the first electrode 230 on the first substrate 210 and the reflective layer 240 on the second substrate 220. The liquid crystal structure 250 includes a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 256 including a polymer layer 252 and liquid crystal molecules 254 surrounded by the polymer layer 252. In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to realize a white mode or black mode liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules 154 may have a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy.

  Each of the liquid crystal capsules 256 may have a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm. As described above, when the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 256 is about 10 nm or more and about 380 nm or less, since the short wavelength of visible light is larger than the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 256, the visible light is scattered or refracted by the liquid crystal capsule 256. Without passing through the liquid crystal structure 250. Since the liquid crystal capsule 256 has optically isotropic properties, the viewing angle of the reflective liquid crystal display device can be improved, and a light distribution film for maintaining the alignment state of the initial liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction is required. Not.

  FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an anti-transmissive liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 15, the anti-transmissive liquid crystal display device 300 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a first region (I) and a second region (II). A first substrate 310, a second substrate 320, a first electrode 330, a liquid crystal structure 350, and a reflective layer 340 are disposed in the first region (I), and the first substrate 310 and the second substrate are disposed in the second region (II). The substrate 320, the first electrode 330, the liquid crystal structure 350, and the second electrode 345 are located.

  In the anti-transmissive liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 15, the components arranged in the first region (I) are substantially similar to the components of the reflective liquid crystal display device described with reference to FIG. The constituent elements arranged in the second region (II) are substantially similar to the constituent elements of the transmission type liquid crystal display device described with reference to FIG.

  In the anti-transmissive liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, each pixel region may include a first region (I) and a second region (II). In this case, the first region (I) is reflective. The second region (II) can act as a transmission part. The liquid crystal structure 350 may have a uniform thickness in the first region (I) and the second region (II). Accordingly, the anti-transmissive liquid crystal display device has a single cell gap. Can have. In contrast, the liquid crystal structure 350 may have different thicknesses in the first region (I) and the second region (II).

  In an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-transmission type liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal structure 350 including a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 356, so that the liquid crystal molecules can be applied by touch pressure for the operation of the anti-transmission type liquid crystal display device. It is possible to efficiently prevent the pooling phenomenon and the bulging phenomenon in which 354 flows or unevenness occurs or the orientation recovery is delayed. In addition, since the liquid crystal capsule 356 has a fine size in which visible light passing through the liquid crystal structure 350 is scattered or not refracted, the anti-transmissive liquid crystal display device has a separate compensation such as a retardation film. Even without a member or an additional light distribution film, it is possible to ensure improved viewing angle characteristics due to the expanded optical isotropy.

  FIG. 16 is a flowchart for explaining a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 16, after a first conductive layer is formed on a first substrate, the first conductive layer is patterned to form a first electrode on the first substrate (step S10). May be made of a transparent insulating material such as glass or transparent polymer, and the first conductive layer may be made of a transparent conductive material. For example, the first conductive layer may be formed using indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, etc. The first electrode may be formed on the first substrate using a printing process, a spraying process, or the like, and the first electrode may be formed by patterning the first conductive layer using a photo etching process. Therefore, the first electrode can be patterned in various shapes as described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 16, a second electrode is formed on the second substrate (step S20). The second substrate may be made of a transparent insulating material such as glass or a transparent polymer, and the second conductive film may be formed using a transparent conductive material. For example, the second conductive film is made of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, tin oxide doped with fluorine, etc., using a printing process, an injection process, etc. It can be formed on a second substrate. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode and the second electrode may be made of substantially the same material, but may be made of different materials.

  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the second electrode may be formed on the second substrate by patterning the second electrode in a photo etching process or the like. For example, after the second conductive layer is formed on the second substrate, the second conductive layer may be patterned to form second electrodes having various shapes as described with reference to FIGS. .

  Referring to FIG. 16 again, a liquid crystal structure is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate (step S30). Such a liquid crystal structure can be formed by applying a plurality of liquid crystal capsules each receiving liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate and / or the second substrate by a roll printing method or a printing method.

  A liquid crystal display device is manufactured by bonding the first substrate and the second substrate through the liquid crystal structure (step S40). The first substrate and the second substrate may be bonded using a sealing member such as a sealant. In an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of liquid crystal capsules in the liquid crystal structure may be formed using a high pressure homogenizer. The high-pressure homogenizer is a device that applies a pressure to a solid substance such as a milky liquid or a lump of suspended matter and pulverizes it into fine particles, and then disperses at a low pressure while reducing the instantaneous pressure passing through the nozzle. By using such a high-pressure homogenizer, liquid crystal molecules can be dispersed in fine particles having a size of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers. For example, the liquid crystal molecules may be dispersed to have a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm using the high pressure homogenizer.

  FIG. 17 is a flowchart for explaining a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 17, the first electrode is formed on the first substrate including the transparent insulating substrate (step S50), and the second electrode is formed on the second substrate including the transparent insulating substrate (step S60). Therefore, the constituent material arrangement process of the first electrode and the second electrode is substantially the same as or substantially similar to the substance and process described with reference to FIG. In addition, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode may have various shapes as described with reference to FIGS.

  After the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded using a sealing member (step S70), a plurality of liquid crystal capsules are injected into the space between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a liquid crystal structure. An object is formed (step S80). At this time, the liquid crystal capsule can be formed using a high-pressure homogenizer as described above.

  In a normal vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device, a vertical light distribution film is disposed on a substrate on which electrodes are formed in order to initially align liquid crystal molecules vertically. In addition, the rubbing process is performed on the additional light distribution film to form multi-domains with different orientations from the initial liquid crystal molecules, which complicates the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device and causes defects due to rubbing marks and unevenness. Frequently occurs. However, when a liquid crystal structure composed of a liquid crystal capsule having a fine diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm is formed according to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal capsule are initially aligned vertically. It is not necessary to form a required light distribution film. In addition, since the liquid crystal structure including the liquid crystal capsule has optical isotropy and at least one electrode has a shape capable of forming a multi-domain, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device can be simplified.

  FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device illustrated in FIG. 18 may have substantially the same or substantially similar configuration as the liquid crystal display device described with reference to FIG. 1 except for the configuration of the liquid crystal structure.

  Referring to FIG. 18, the liquid crystal display device 400 includes a first substrate 410, a second substrate 420, a first electrode 430, a second electrode 440, and a liquid crystal structure 450. In the exemplary embodiment, the liquid crystal display device 400 may be divided into a first region (I), a second region (II), and a third region (III). Therefore, red pixels can be located in the first region (I), green pixels can be located in the second region (II), and blue pixels can be located in the third region (III).

  The first electrode 430 is disposed on the first substrate 410, and the second electrode 440 is located on the second substrate 420. The first electrode 430 and / or the second electrode 440 may have a shape that is substantially the same as or substantially similar to the electrode described with reference to FIGS.

  The liquid crystal structure 450 is disposed between the first electrode 430 on the first substrate 410 and the second electrode 440 on the second substrate 420. The liquid crystal structure 450 includes a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 456 and red, green, and blue dye structures 460R, 460G, and 460B.

  The liquid crystal capsule 456 includes a polymer layer 452 and liquid crystal molecules 454 surrounded by the polymer layer 452. For example, each of the liquid crystal capsules 456 may have a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm. When the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 456 is about 10 nm or more to about 380 nm or less, the short wavelength of visible light is larger than the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 456, so that the visible light is scattered by the liquid crystal capsule 456 or is not refracted and is not refracted. The object 450 can be transmitted.

  In an exemplary embodiment, the red green and blue dye structures 460R, 460G, 460B can include a dye, a binder, and a dispersant, respectively. For example, the red dye structure 460R may include a red dye, a red pigment, a binder, or a dispersant. The red dye structure 460R may be included in the liquid crystal structure 450 disposed in the first region (I) of the liquid crystal display device 400. The green dye structure 460G may include a green dye, a green pigment, a binder, a dispersant, or the like, and may be included in the liquid crystal structure 450 located in the second region (II) of the liquid crystal display device 400. In addition, the blue dye structure 460B may include a blue dye, a blue pigment, a binder, or a dispersant, and may be included in the liquid crystal structure 450 located in the third region (III) of the liquid crystal display device 400. .

  According to exemplary embodiments, the red, green, and blue dye structures 460R, 460G, 460B are respectively a monomer, an initiator, a coupling agent, a smoothing additive ( leveling agent), surfactants and other additives can be additionally included. Such additives may initiate a polymer polymerization reaction when forming red, green, and blue dye structures 460R, 460G, 460B through an exposure process, a development process, etc., or Can be used to form a flat interface. For example, when the liquid crystal structure 450 including the red dye structure 460R and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is disposed in the first area (I) of the liquid crystal display device 400 corresponding to the red pixel area, a red color is displayed when visible light is transmitted. It can be implemented.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal may be disposed by arranging red, green, and blue dye structures and liquid crystal structures including liquid crystal capsules in the red, green, and blue pixel regions of the liquid crystal display device, respectively. Even when the display device does not include a color filter, a full color image of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) can be realized.

  19 to 21 are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 19, after forming the first electrode 430 on the first substrate 410, the blue mixture including the blue dye structure 460 </ b> B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is applied to the third region (III) of the first substrate 410. . The blue mixture may be formed using a printing process. For example, the blue mixture may be an ink jet printing process, a gravure printing process, an offset printing process (offset printing).
The first electrode 430 may be formed using a printing process, a gravure offset printing process, a flexo printing process, or the like.

  In an exemplary embodiment, the blue mixture including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is obtained by adding a liquid crystal capsule, a blue pigment, a blue dye, a binder, a coupling agent, or a smoothing additive to a solvent. Can be obtained. In this case, the binder may be a copolymer including a first portion containing an acid imparting alkali solubility and a second portion maintaining the hardness of the adhesive film. For example, the binder may include an acrylic acid copolymer or an ester copolymer including at least one carboxyl or a reactive group. The binder may include a novolac system, a cardo system, and the like. The additives include a silane coupling agent, a fluorine-based surfactant, an antioxidant, a polymerization prohibitor, an ultraviolet absorber, an anti-aggregation agent, a linking agent, and the like. Can be included. The additive may be added to improve coating properties, labeling characteristics, and adhesion of the coating film.

  According to another exemplary embodiment, a barrier rib 480 for dividing the first region (I), the second region (II), and the third region (III) is added on the first substrate 410. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the mixture containing the dye from being mixed and mixed in the adjacent pixel region.

  The blue mixture including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in the third region (III) is cured or dried to form a blue dye structure in the third region (III) corresponding to the blue pixel region. A blue liquid crystal structure 450B including the object 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is formed.

  Referring to FIG. 20, a green mixture including the green dye structure 460 </ b> G and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is formed in the second region (II) of the first substrate 410. For example, the green mixture may be formed using a printing process. In this case, the green mixture including the green dye structure 460G and the liquid crystal capsule 456 uses a process that is substantially the same as or substantially similar to the process of forming the blue mixture including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456. Can be formed.

  A green liquid crystal structure including a green dye structure 460G and a liquid crystal capsule 456 in a second region (II) corresponding to a green pixel region by curing or drying the green mixture including the green dye structure 460G and the liquid crystal capsule 456. 450G is formed.

  Referring to FIG. 21, a red mixture including a red dye structure 460R and a liquid crystal capsule 456 is formed in the first region (I) of the first substrate 410. For example, the red mixture may be applied using a printing process. Here, the red mixture including the red dye structure 460R and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is substantially the same as or substantially similar to the process of forming the blue mixture including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456. Can be formed.

  The red mixture including the red dye structure 460R and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in the first region (I) is cured or dried to form the red dye structure 460R and the first dye region 460R in the first region (I) corresponding to the red subpixel. A red liquid crystal structure 450R including the liquid crystal capsule 456 is formed.

  After the blue liquid crystal structure 450B, the green liquid crystal structure 450G, and the red liquid crystal structure 450R are formed on the first substrate 410, a second substrate (not shown) having a second electrode (not shown) is formed. A liquid crystal display device including the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures 450R, 450G, and 450B formed between the first substrate 410 and the second substrate is manufactured by combining with the first substrate 410.

  In a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures including red, green, and blue dye structures and liquid crystal capsules are formed into red, green, and blue pixel regions. Since the process of forming the compensation film and the color filter may be omitted, the configuration of the liquid crystal display device can be simplified, and the process for manufacturing such a liquid crystal display device is omitted. It can be simplified.

  22 to 30 are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 22, after forming the first electrode 430 on the first substrate 410, the blue dye structure 460 </ b> B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 are formed in the first to third regions (I, II, III) of the first substrate 410. A blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B is formed.

  In an exemplary embodiment, blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B including blue dye structure 460B and liquid crystal capsule 456 includes liquid crystal capsule 456, blue pigment, blue dye, binder, monomer, initiator, coupling agent, or smoothness. Additives and the like can be added to the solvent. The binder may be a copolymer including a first part containing an acid imparting alkali solubility and a second part maintaining the hardness of the adhesive film. For example, the binder may include at least one carboxyl, an acrylic acid copolymer including a reactive group, or an ester copolymer. The binder may include a novolac system, a cardo system, and the like. The monomer may be a monomer including a reactive group capable of reacting with a radical reaction initiated through an initiator. According to an exemplary embodiment, the monomer can be acrylate-based. The initiator can initiate a radical reaction in the exposure process. The additive may include a silane coupling agent, a fluorine-based surfactant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, an aggregation inhibitor, a linking agent, and the like. The additive may be added to improve coating properties, labeling characteristics, and adhesion of the coating film.

  In an exemplary embodiment, the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 may be formed on the first substrate 410 using a spin coating process, a slit coating process, or the like. . In this case, a partition 480 that separates the first region (I), the second region (II), and the third region (III) is additionally formed on the first substrate 410 so that the mixture containing the dye is adjacent thereto. It is possible to prevent mixing and mixing of colors in the sub-pixel region.

  Referring to FIG. 23, after the first mask 490 that covers the first and second regions (I, II) of the first substrate 410 and exposes the third region (III) is disposed on the first substrate 410. The blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in the third region (III) is exposed. For example, the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B can be exposed using ultraviolet rays.

  Referring to FIG. 24, the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B on the first substrate 410 is subjected to a phenomenon process and a curing process, and is positioned in the first and second regions (I, II) of the first substrate 410. The blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B is removed to form a blue liquid crystal structure 450B including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 on the third region (III) of the first substrate 410.

  Referring to FIG. 25, a green preliminary liquid crystal structure 470G including a green dye structure 460G and a liquid crystal capsule 456 is formed in the first to third regions (I, II, III) of the first substrate 410. At this time, the green preliminary liquid crystal structure 470G including the green dye structure 460G and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is substantially the same as or substantially the same as the formation process of the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456. Can be formed using a similar process.

  Referring to FIG. 26, a second mask 491 that covers the first and third regions (I, III) and exposes the second region (II) is positioned on the first substrate 410, and then the second region. The green preliminary liquid crystal structure 470G including the green dye structure 460G and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in (II) is exposed.

  Referring to FIG. 27, the green preliminary liquid crystal structure 470G on the first substrate 410 is subjected to a phenomenon process and a curing process, and the green preliminary liquid crystal structure 470G is removed from the first and third regions (I, III). Meanwhile, a green liquid crystal structure 450G including a green dye structure 460G and a liquid crystal capsule 456 is formed in the second region (II). Therefore, the blue liquid crystal structure 450B including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in the third region (III) is not removed during the formation of the green liquid crystal structure 450G. That is, the blue liquid crystal structure 450B in the third region (III) remains adjacent to the green liquid crystal structure 450G in the second region (II).

  Referring to FIG. 28, a red preliminary liquid crystal structure 470R including a red dye structure 460R and a liquid crystal capsule 456 is formed in the first to third regions (I, II, III) of the first substrate 410. In this case, the red preliminary liquid crystal structure 470R including the red dye structure 460R and the liquid crystal capsule 456 is substantially the same as or substantially the same as the formation process of the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure 470B including the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456. It can be formed using a similar process.

  Referring to FIG. 29, after a third mask 490 is disposed on the first substrate 410 to cover the second and third regions (II, III) and expose the first region (I), the first region ( The red preliminary liquid crystal structure 470R including the red dye structure 460R and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in I) is exposed.

  Referring to FIG. 30, the second and third regions are formed by performing a phenomenon process and a curing process on the red preliminary liquid crystal structure 470R including the red dye structure 460R and the liquid crystal capsule 456 on the first substrate 410. The red preliminary liquid crystal structure 470R formed in (II, III) is removed to form a red liquid crystal structure 450R including the red dye structure 460R and the liquid crystal capsule 456 in the first region (I). At this time, the green liquid crystal structure 450G including the green dye structure 460G and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in the second region (II) and the blue dye structure 460B and the liquid crystal capsule 456 formed in the third region (III) The contained blue liquid crystal structure 450B is not removed.

  The first substrate 410 on which the blue, green, and red liquid crystal structures 450B, 450G, and 450R are formed is combined with the second substrate on which the second electrode is formed, and the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures 450R, 450G, and 450B are combined. Manufactures a liquid crystal display device interposed between the first substrate 410 and the second substrate. A red liquid crystal structure 450R including a red dye structure 460R is disposed in the first region (I) of the liquid crystal display device, and a green liquid crystal structure 450G including a green dye structure 460G is disposed in the second region (II). It is formed. In addition, a blue liquid crystal structure 450B including a blue dye structure 460B is positioned in the third region (III) of the liquid crystal display device.

  FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device illustrated in FIG. 31 may have a configuration that is substantially the same as or substantially similar to the liquid crystal display device described with reference to FIG. 1 except for the configuration of the liquid crystal structure.

  Referring to FIG. 31, the liquid crystal display device 500 includes a first substrate 510, a second substrate 520, a first electrode 530, a second electrode 540, and a liquid crystal structure 550. The liquid crystal display device 500 may be divided into a first region (I), a second region (II), and a third region (III). In this case, red pixels may be disposed in the first region (I), green pixels may be disposed in the second region (II), and blue pixels may be disposed in the third region (III). Can be done.

  The first electrode 530 is located on the first substrate 510, and the second electrode 540 is disposed on the second substrate 520. In this case, the first electrode 530 and / or the second electrode 540 may have a shape that is substantially the same as or substantially similar to the electrode described with reference to FIGS.

  In the exemplary embodiment, the liquid crystal structure 550 is disposed between the first electrode 530 on the first substrate 510 and the second electrode 540 on the second substrate 520. The liquid crystal structure 550 includes a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 556 and red, green, and blue dye coating layers 560R, 560G, and 560B that wrap around the surfaces of the liquid crystal capsules 556. The liquid crystal capsule 556 includes a polymer layer 552 and a liquid crystal molecule 554 wrapped with the polymer layer 552. Each of the liquid crystal capsules 556 may have a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm. When the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 556 is about 10 nm or more and about 380 nm or less, since the short wavelength of visible light is larger than the diameter of the liquid crystal capsule 556, the visible light passes through the liquid crystal structure 550 without being scattered or refracted by the liquid crystal capsule 556. can do. Each of the red, green, and blue dye coating layers 560R, 560G, 560B may include a dye, a binder, and a dispersant. For example, the red dye coating layer 560R may include a red dye, a red pigment, a binder, or a dispersant. The red dye coating layer 560R may be formed so as to wrap the surface of the liquid crystal capsule 556.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the red dye coating layer 560R may be formed by directly coating the surface of the liquid crystal capsule 556. In another embodiment, the red dye coating layer 560R may be formed in such a manner that an amphiphilic copolymer substituted with a red dye reactive group adheres to the surface of the liquid crystal capsule 556. The amphiphilic copolymer may be a copolymer including all hydrophilic functional groups and hydrophobic functional groups. For example, a reddish copolymer in which the hydrophilic functional group of the amphiphilic copolymer is substituted with a red color reactive group may be formed to surround the outer wall of the liquid crystal capsule 556. At this time, as the amphiphilic copolymer, a substance having reactivity with the color reactive group and the outer wall of the liquid crystal capsule 556 can be selected. The chemical formula for an exemplary amphiphilic copolymer is:

  According to exemplary embodiments, the red, green, and blue dye coating layers 560R, 560G, 560B may additionally include additives such as monomers, initiators, coupling agents, smoothness additives, respectively. it can. The additive may be used to initiate a polymer polymerization reaction in the process of forming the liquid crystal structure 550 through exposure and phenomenon processes or to form a flat interface.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device includes a red liquid crystal capsule 556 coated with red, green, and blue dye coating layers 560R, 560G, and 560B in red, green, and blue pixel regions, respectively. By providing the green, blue, and blue liquid crystal structures 550R, 550G, and 550B, it is possible to implement red, green, and blue color images without requiring a separate color filter.

  FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a liquid crystal display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device illustrated in FIG. 32 may have substantially the same or substantially similar configuration as the liquid crystal display device described with reference to FIG. 1 except for the configuration of the liquid crystal structure.

  Referring to FIG. 32, the liquid crystal display device 600 includes a first substrate 610, a second substrate 620, a first electrode 630, a second electrode 640, and a liquid crystal structure 650. The liquid crystal display device 600 may be divided into a first region (I), a second region (II), and a third region (III). For example, red pixels may be disposed in the first region (I), green pixels may be disposed in the second region (II), and blue pixels may be disposed in the third region (III). Can be done.

  The first electrode 630 is located on the first substrate 610, and the second electrode 640 is disposed on the second substrate 620. The first electrode 630 and / or the second electrode 640 may have a structure that is substantially the same as or substantially similar to the electrode described with reference to FIGS.

  The liquid crystal structure 650 is located between the first electrode 630 on the first substrate 610 and the second electrode 640 on the second substrate 620. The liquid crystal structure 650 includes a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 656 and red, green, and blue color binders 660R, 660G, and 660B.

  The liquid crystal capsule 656 includes a polymer layer 652 and liquid crystal molecules 654 encapsulated by the polymer layer 652. Each of the liquid crystal capsules 656 may have a diameter of about 10 nm to about 380 nm. The red, green, and blue color binders 660R, 660G, and 660B can include binders and additives that indicate red, green, and blue, respectively. For example, the red color binder 660R may include a red binder, a dispersant, a monomer, an initiator, a coupling agent, a smoothness additive, and the like.

  According to an exemplary embodiment, the red liquid crystal structure 650R including the red color binder 660R may have a configuration in which a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 656 are dispersed in the red color binder 660R. The green liquid crystal structure 650G including the green color binder 660G may have a structure in which a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 656 are dispersed in the green color binder 660G. In the blue liquid crystal structure 650B including the blue color binder 660B, a plurality of liquid crystal capsules 656 can be dispersed in the blue color binder 660B.

  In the liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures including red, green, and blue color binders and liquid crystal capsules are disposed in the red, green, and blue pixel regions, respectively. Thus, red, green, and blue color images can be realized without additional color filters.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious that a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can come up with various changes or modifications within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. Of course, it is understood that these also belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

  According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal structure including a liquid crystal capsule having a fine size, which is improved without additionally arranging a light distribution film or a retardation film. Viewing angle characteristics can be ensured. In addition, since the liquid crystal molecules are received in the fine liquid crystal capsules, the liquid crystal molecules are distorted by pressurization of the first or second substrate, black marks or spots are generated, and the alignment speed of the liquid crystal molecules is delayed. Can be effectively prevented. In addition, since the liquid crystal display device can have red, green and blue liquid crystal structures including blue, green and red dyes, dye coating layers, color binders, etc., full color images can be obtained without additional color filters or compensation films. It can be implemented.

100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 Liquid crystal display device 110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610 First substrate 120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620 Second substrate 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630 First electrode 140, 345, 440, 540, 640 Second electrode 150, 250, 350, 450, 550, 650 Liquid crystal structure 152, 252, 352, 452, 552, 652 Polymer layers 154, 254, 354, 454, 554, 654 Liquid crystal molecules 156, 256, 356, 456, 556, 656 Liquid crystal capsules 240, 340 Reflective layers 450R, 450G, 450B Red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures 460R, 460G, 460B Red, green, And blue dye structures 470R, 470G, 470B red, Green and blue preliminary liquid crystal structures 480 Separating walls 490, 491, 492 First, second, and third masks 560R, 560G, 560B Red, green, and blue dye coating layers 660R, 660G, 660B Red, green, and blue Color binder

Claims (41)

A first substrate;
A first electrode disposed on a first surface of the first substrate;
A second substrate facing the first substrate;
A second electrode disposed on the first surface of the second substrate facing the first electrode;
A liquid crystal display device comprising: at least one liquid crystal structure including a liquid crystal capsule interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the liquid crystal capsules includes a liquid crystal molecule and a polymer layer that receives the liquid crystal molecule.   The liquid crystal display device includes a first region, a second region, and a third region, wherein the liquid crystal structure is a red liquid crystal structure disposed in the first region, and a green liquid crystal structure disposed in the second region. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, further comprising a blue liquid crystal structure disposed in the third region.   The liquid crystal display device of claim 3, wherein the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures include red, green, and blue dye structures, respectively.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the red, green, and blue dye structures include red, green, and blue dyes mixed in a binder, a surfactant, and an additive, respectively.   The liquid crystal display of claim 3, wherein the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures each include a red dye coating layer, a green dye coating layer, and a blue dye coating layer that enclose the liquid crystal capsule.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the red, green, and blue dye coating layers include red, green, and blue dyes mixed in a binder, a surfactant, an initiator, and a monomer, respectively. .   4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures include red, green, and blue color binders in which the liquid crystal capsules are dispersed, respectively.   The liquid crystal display device of claim 3, further comprising a partition disposed between the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal molecules have a positive dielectric anisotropy or a negative dielectric anisotropy.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the liquid crystal capsules has a diameter of 10 nm to 380 nm.   The liquid crystal display device of claim 1, further comprising a polarizing plate disposed on at least one of the second surface of the first substrate and the second surface of the second substrate.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to an optical axis of the polarizing plate.   At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode has the positive “I” shape, the negative “I” shape, the positive “T” shape, the negative “T” shape, and the separated positive “T” shape. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a “-” shape or a separated negative “T” shape. A first polarizing plate disposed on a second surface of the first substrate;
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising: a second polarizing plate disposed on a second surface of the second substrate.   At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to at least one of the optical axis of the first polarizing plate and the optical axis of the second polarizing plate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 15. A first substrate;
A first electrode disposed on a first surface of the first substrate;
A second substrate facing the first substrate;
A reflective layer disposed on the first surface of the second substrate facing the first electrode;
A liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal structure including a plurality of liquid crystal capsules interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.   The liquid crystal display of claim 17, wherein the reflective layer includes one or more selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, and platinum.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the reflective layer includes a plurality of uneven portions.   The liquid crystal display according to claim 17, further comprising a polarizing plate disposed on the second surface of the first substrate.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the first electrodes are arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to an optical axis of the polarizing plate.   The liquid crystal display device further includes a reflective region and a transmissive region, and the reflective layer further includes a second electrode located in the reflective region and disposed on the first surface of the second substrate in the transmissive region. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein each of the liquid crystal capsules includes a liquid crystal molecule and a polymer layer that receives the liquid crystal molecule.   The liquid crystal display device includes a first region, a second region, and a third region, and the liquid crystal structure is a red liquid crystal structure disposed in the first region, and a green liquid crystal structure disposed in the second region. 24. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 23, further comprising a blue liquid crystal structure disposed in the third region.   25. The liquid crystal display device of claim 24, wherein the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures include red, green, and blue dye structures, respectively.   The liquid crystal display device of claim 24, wherein the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures each include a red dye coating layer, a green dye coating layer, and a blue dye coating layer that enclose the liquid crystal capsule.   25. The liquid crystal display device of claim 24, wherein the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures include red, green, and blue color binders in which the liquid crystal capsules are dispersed, respectively.   25. The liquid crystal display of claim 24, further comprising a partition disposed between the red, green, and blue liquid crystal structures. Forming a first electrode on a first surface of a first substrate;
Forming a polarizing plate on the second surface of the first substrate;
Forming a second electrode on a first surface of a second substrate facing the first surface of the first substrate;
Forming a liquid crystal structure including a liquid crystal capsule in which liquid crystal molecules are received between the first substrate and the second substrate. Forming the first electrode comprises:
Forming a conductive layer on a first surface of the first substrate;
30. The liquid crystal display according to claim 29, further comprising: patterning the conductive layer to form the second electrode arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis of the polarizing plate. Device manufacturing method.   30. The method of claim 29, wherein the liquid crystal capsule is formed using a high pressure homogenizer. The step of forming the liquid crystal structure includes:
30. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 29, further comprising a step of applying the liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode or the second electrode.   30. The method according to claim 29, wherein forming the liquid crystal structure includes printing the liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode or the second electrode substrate.   30. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate before or after the step of forming the liquid crystal structure. Forming a first electrode on a first substrate having a first region, a second region, and a third region;
Forming a blue liquid crystal structure in the third region;
Forming a green liquid crystal structure in the second region;
Forming a red liquid crystal structure in the first region;
Forming a second electrode on the second substrate;
Bonding the first substrate and the second substrate with the blue, green, and red liquid crystal structures interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. .   36. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, further comprising forming a partition wall between the first region, the second region, and the third region. The step of forming the blue liquid crystal structure includes:
Applying a blue mixture comprising a blue dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode of the third region;
Forming the blue liquid crystal structure from the blue mixture,
The step of forming the green liquid crystal structure includes:
Applying a green mixture including a green dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode of the second region;
Forming the green liquid crystal structure from the green mixture, and
The step of forming the red liquid crystal structure includes:
Applying a red mixture including a red dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode of the first region;
36. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, further comprising: forming the red liquid crystal structure from the red mixture. The step of forming the blue liquid crystal structure includes:
Forming a blue preliminary liquid crystal structure including a blue dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the first electrode;
36. The method of claim 35, further comprising partially removing the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure from the first and second regions. The step of forming the green liquid crystal structure includes:
Forming a green preliminary liquid crystal structure including a green dye structure and a liquid crystal capsule on the blue liquid crystal structure and the first electrode;
The method according to claim 38, further comprising: partially removing the green preliminary liquid crystal structure from the blue liquid crystal structure and the first region. The step of forming the red liquid crystal structure includes:
Forming a red preliminary liquid crystal structure with a red dye and a liquid crystal capsule on the blue liquid crystal structure, the green liquid crystal structure, and the first electrode;
40. The method of claim 39, further comprising partially removing the red preliminary liquid crystal structure from the blue and green liquid crystal structures.   The liquid crystal according to claim 39, wherein removing the blue preliminary liquid crystal structure, the green preliminary liquid crystal structure, and the red preliminary liquid crystal structure partially includes an exposure process and a phenomenon process, respectively. Manufacturing method of display device.