JP2006293050A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light scatter type liquid crystal display device which has a high reflection factor and low power consumption. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid crystal display device is constituted by sandwiching a light scattering liquid crystal layer between a first substrate provided with first electrodes 11 as pixel electrodes and a second substrate 20 provided with light-transmissive second electrodes 21 across the 1st electrodes 11 and second electrodes 21. Then the first electrodes 11 and second electrodes 21 have surfaces made uneven by providing a plurality of recessed parts 11a, 21a on the surfaces of the electrodes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer whose light scattering property is changed by application of an electric field.

  In recent years, with the development of mobile devices such as portable information terminals, there is an increasing demand for display devices with low power consumption and high image quality. As such a display device, a twisted nematic (TN) mode liquid crystal display device, which is generally used at present, requires a polarizing plate, so that the reflectance or transmittance is low, and display is possible. It tends to be dark.

  Therefore, as a liquid crystal display device that does not use a polarizing plate, a light scattering type liquid crystal display device that controls a scattering state (bright display) and a transmission state (dark display) by an electric field has been developed (for example, see Patent Document 1). ).

JP-A-6-308472

  Examples of the light scattering type liquid crystal display device include a liquid crystal display device using a polymer dispersion liquid crystal (PDLC) in which liquid crystal microcapsules are dispersed in a resin, and a sponge-like polymer network structure. There is a liquid crystal display device using a polymer network (PN) type liquid crystal in which liquid crystal is dispersed.

  However, in the above-described light scattering type liquid crystal display device, in order to increase the reflectance of the display due to light scattering, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer may be increased. However, the driving voltage becomes higher and the power consumption increases accordingly. There is a problem that. Conversely, if the liquid crystal layer is made thin in order to reduce power consumption, the reflectance decreases. For this reason, in a liquid crystal display device, there exists a problem that it is difficult to make a reflectance high and to reduce power consumption.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a light-scattering liquid crystal display device with high reflectance and low power consumption.

  In order to achieve such an object, a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, electrodes provided on one principal surface side of these substrates, and electrodes between these substrates. In the liquid crystal display device including the light-scattering liquid crystal layer, at least one of the electrodes is provided with an uneven shape on the surface on the liquid crystal layer side.

  According to such a liquid crystal display device, since at least one of the electrodes is provided with a concavo-convex shape on the surface on the liquid crystal layer side, electric field concentration tends to occur at the convex portion. For this reason, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer near the location where the electric field concentration occurs are aligned in one direction, and as a result, other liquid crystal molecules are also aligned in the same direction in a chain. It is possible to align liquid crystal molecules in one direction. As a result, the driving voltage can be made lower than before without reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. In addition, it is possible to increase the thickness of the liquid crystal layer to such an extent that the driving voltage is equivalent to that of the conventional structure.

  As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the driving voltage can be made lower than that of the conventional structure without reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. In the state where the reflectance is maintained, the withstand voltage of the drive circuit can be lowered and the power consumption can be reduced. In addition, since it is possible to increase the thickness of the liquid crystal layer to such an extent that the driving voltage is equivalent to that of the conventional structure, the reflectance of the light-scattering liquid crystal display can be increased while maintaining the driving voltage. it can.

  Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment according to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described in detail. Here, as shown in FIG. 1, an example of a reflective liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal layer made of PN liquid crystal will be described.

  In this liquid crystal display device, a light scattering liquid crystal layer 30 is sandwiched between a first substrate 10 and a second substrate 20 made of a transparent substrate.

  The first substrate 10 is a substrate on the back side, and on one main surface side of the first substrate 10, first electrodes 11 serving as pixel electrodes for independently driving each pixel are provided in a matrix. The first electrode 11 is made of, for example, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film having transparency. Although not shown here, the first substrate 10 includes an active type including a thin film transistor (TFT) as a driving element electrically connected to the first electrode 11 and wiring. A drive circuit is formed. A light absorption layer 12 is provided on the surface of the first substrate 10 opposite to the surface on which the first electrode 11 is formed. The light absorption layer 12 is made of, for example, carbon nanoparticles.

  On the other hand, the 2nd board | substrate 20 arrange | positioned facing the 1st board | substrate 10 is a board | substrate by the side of a display, for example, is comprised by transparent materials, such as glass. The second substrate 20 is provided with a second electrode 21 made of, for example, an ITO film having transparency on the side facing the first substrate 10.

  The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are bonded to each other with a sealing material (not shown) provided on the periphery with the electrode forming surfaces facing each other. A liquid crystal layer 30 is sandwiched between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 via the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21.

  The liquid crystal layer 30 includes a polymer 31 having a three-dimensional network structure and a liquid crystal droplet 32 (liquid crystal portion) dispersed in the network structure of the polymer 31. Each droplet 32 includes liquid crystal molecules 33, and each droplet 32 may be provided in communication. Here, the distance (cell gap g) between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 that is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 30 is set in the range of 20 μm to 80 μm, and here, the cell gap g is 50 μm. I will do it. Although illustration is omitted here, spacers are interspersed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 so that the cell gap g is maintained over the entire area between the substrates. It is configured.

  In the present embodiment, the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 and the liquid crystal layer 30 are provided in contact with each other, but an alignment film made of polyimide, for example, may be formed therebetween.

  As a characteristic configuration of the present invention, an uneven shape is provided on the surface of the first electrode 11 or the second electrode 21. Here, the surface of each electrode is provided in a concavo-convex shape by providing a plurality of recesses 11a and 21a on both surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21, respectively. By providing the surface of each electrode in a concavo-convex shape, electric field concentration is likely to occur at the convex portions, specifically, at the corner portions of the upper portions of the openings of the concave portions 11a and 21a. As a result, by applying an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the vicinity thereof are aligned in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. As will be described later, the liquid crystal molecules 33 are aligned in one direction at a driving voltage lower than that of the conventional structure. It becomes easy to do.

  The plurality of recesses 11a and 21a on the surface of each electrode may be provided in a state of penetrating each electrode, or may be provided only on the surface. In addition, the recesses 11a and 21a have an approximately circular opening shape, and have a diameter on the surface of 0.5 μm or more and a range of the above-described cell gap g or less. Preferably, it is 1 μm or more and half or less of the cell gap g. Here, the above-described cell gap g is a distance between the surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 in a region excluding the recesses 11a and 21a. Here, since the cell gap g is 50 μm, the recesses 11 a and 21 a are provided with a diameter of 0.5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and preferably provided with a diameter of 1 μm or more and 25 μm or less.

  As described above, when the diameters of the concave portions 11a and 21a are 0.5 μm or more, electric field concentration occurs in the convex portions, and the driving voltage is surely lowered. In addition, since the diameters of the recesses 11a and 21a are set to be equal to or smaller than the cell gap g, the recesses 11a and 21a are prevented from appearing in the image display. In addition, as long as each recessed part 11a and 21a are the diameters within the range mentioned above, the diameter may differ by each recessed part 11a and 21a.

  In addition, although the opening shape of the recessed parts 11a and 21a shall be substantially circular here, it does not specifically limit about an opening shape, For example, a rectangular shape may be sufficient. In this case, the short side of the rectangular shape is 0.5 μm or more and the long side is provided with a cell gap g or less.

  In addition, the interval between the concave portions 11a and 21a on the surface of the first electrode 11 and the surface of the second electrode 21 is provided at an interval at which the drive voltage can be reduced due to electric field concentration. In addition, the number of the recesses 11a and 21a is set such that the sheet resistance of the first electrode 11 or the second electrode 21 is within an allowable range.

  Here, for example, the concave portions 11a and 21a having a diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm are formed on the surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 in a 150 μm square pixel, with the above-described interval, 100 to 10,000. To be provided. However, these recesses 11a and 21a are preferably provided in a non-uniform manner in the surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21, thereby preventing moire.

  Moreover, these recessed parts 11a and 21a shall be provided by etching the 1st electrode 11 or the 2nd electrode 21, so that it may demonstrate in detail in the manufacturing method mentioned later.

  Here, an example in which the surfaces of both the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 on the liquid crystal layer 30 side are provided in an uneven shape will be described, but at least one surface of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 is What is necessary is just to be provided in uneven | corrugated shape. However, it is preferable that the surfaces of both the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 are provided in a concavo-convex shape because the driving voltage for aligning the liquid crystal molecules 33 can be lowered as will be described later.

Next, alignment control of the liquid crystal molecules 33 in this liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the longitudinal direction of the index n _e of the liquid crystal molecules 33 is a spheroid, therewith relation n _e> n _o is composed with respect to the vertical direction of the refractive index n _o .

Here, as shown in FIG. 2B, when the electric field E is not applied between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 (E = 0), the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the liquid crystal droplet 32 are formed. Are randomly oriented. For this reason, the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the liquid crystal droplet 32 is higher than the refractive index of the polymer 31. Usually, the average refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 33 at that time thought x, y, a three-axial z, becomes _{(n e + 2 × n o} ) / 3. Therefore, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer 31 and the liquid crystal droplet 32 with respect to the light incident from the second substrate 20 side, and the light is scattered to display white (normally white).

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2C, in the liquid crystal display device described above, when an electric field E is applied between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 (E ≠ 0), the liquid crystal molecules 33 are It does not respond linearly to the electric field, hardly responds to a certain threshold voltage, and further aligns in one direction by strengthening the electric field E.

  At this time, as described with reference to FIG. 1, the surface of the first electrode 11 or the second electrode 21 is provided with an uneven shape, so that electric field concentration occurs in the convex portion, and the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal droplet 32 in the vicinity thereof. The molecules 33 are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. When the alignment starts with the liquid crystal molecules 33 of some of the liquid crystal droplets 32, the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the other liquid crystal droplets 32 are also aligned in the same direction, and all of the liquid crystal droplets 32 of the liquid crystal droplets 32 have a lower voltage than before. The liquid crystal molecules 33 are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.

Accordingly, the refractive index n _o next LCD Doropuretto 32 for light incident from the second substrate 20 side becomes equal to the refractive index of a polymer 31 around the liquid crystal Doropuretto 32, that the light is scattered Without being transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 30 and the first substrate 10 and absorbed by the light absorption layer 12 provided on the lower side, black is displayed.

  The liquid crystal display device having such a configuration is manufactured by the following method.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1, after the TFTs are arranged and formed on the first substrate 10, a planarization insulating film (not shown) is formed in a state of covering the TFTs. Thereafter, a connection hole reaching the TFT is formed in the planarization insulating film. Next, for example, an ITO film is formed on the planarizing film in a state where the connection hole is embedded, for example, by vapor deposition, sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Next, the first electrode 11 is formed by patterning the ITO film by a normal lithography technique.

  Next, a resist is applied on the first substrate 10 so as to cover the first electrode 11, and openings having a hole diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm are formed on the first electrode 11, for example, 100 to 10,000 in one pixel of 150 μm square. A resist pattern (not shown) provided in a non-uniform manner is formed. Subsequently, a plurality of recesses 11 a are formed on the surface of the first electrode 11 by etching using the resist pattern as a mask. Thereby, the surface of the 1st electrode 11 is roughened and is provided in uneven | corrugated shape. At this time, a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is used as the etching solution made of the ITO film, but a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and ferric chloride or oxalic acid can be used.

  Here, an example in which a plurality of recesses 11a are formed on the surface of the first electrode 11 by etching using a resist pattern as a mask has been described. However, the etching solution is used to form the first electrode 11 without forming a resist pattern. You may form the recessed part 11a by spraying on the surface of mist in the shape of a mist. Moreover, you may form the recessed part 11a by changing the composition ratio etc. of etching liquid so that etching may progress nonuniformly. In this case, since the resist pattern forming step is omitted, the manufacturing process becomes easy, which is preferable.

  In this case, after forming the first electrode 11 by patterning the ITO film, the lithography process is performed twice in order to form the recess 11a on the surface of the first electrode 11. By controlling the shape or etching conditions, patterning of the ITO film and formation of the recess 11a in the first electrode 11 may be performed in the same process.

  A second electrode 21 made of an ITO film is also formed on the second substrate 20. In this case, the second electrode 21 is provided in a solid film shape. Thereafter, similarly to the first electrode 11, a plurality of recesses 21 a are also formed on the surface of the second electrode 21 by a normal lithography process.

  Next, with the electrode formation surfaces facing each other, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are overlapped with a spacer (not shown) interposed therebetween, and are provided around the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. Bonding is performed using a sealing material (not shown). Subsequently, for example, a mixed liquid of a crosslinkable monomer and liquid crystal is injected between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, and this monomer is polymerized, whereby the polymer 31 and the liquid crystal molecules 33 are included. A liquid crystal layer 30 including the liquid crystal droplet 32 is formed. Thus, the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 is completed.

  According to such a liquid crystal display device, since the surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 on the liquid crystal layer 30 side are provided in an uneven shape, the liquid crystal layer 30 has a conventional structure without reducing the thickness. The driving voltage can be lowered. Therefore, the withstand voltage of the driving circuit and the TFT can be lowered while maintaining the reflectance of the light scattering liquid crystal display device, and the power consumption can be reduced. In addition, since the liquid crystal layer 30 can be made thick enough to achieve a driving voltage equivalent to that of the conventional structure, the reflectance of the light-scattering liquid crystal display device is increased while maintaining the driving voltage. be able to.

  Further, according to the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, since both surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 are provided in an uneven shape, either the first electrode 11 or the second electrode 21 is provided. The drive voltage can be lowered even when only the surface of is provided in an uneven shape.

  In the present embodiment, the surface of each electrode is formed in a concavo-convex shape by forming a plurality of recesses 11a, 21a on the surface of each electrode, but a plurality of protrusions are provided on the surface of each electrode. It may be done. In this case, the diameter of this convex part and the space | interval of each convex part shall be formed similarly to the said recessed parts 11a and 21a. In this case, the cell gap g is a distance between the surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 in a region excluding the convex portion. Moreover, you may mix the recessed part and the convex part on the surface of each electrode. The cell gap g in this case is assumed to be the distance between the surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 in the region excluding the concave and convex portions.

(Second Embodiment)
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the resin layer 40 having a plurality of convex portions 40 a on the first electrode 11 side is interposed between the first substrate 10 and the first electrode 11. An example in which the surface of one electrode 11 is provided in an uneven shape will be described. In addition, about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, the same number is attached | subjected and demonstrated.

  In this case, the first electrode 11 provided on the resin layer 40 is also provided with a plurality of convex portions 11 b following the surface shape of the resin layer 40. Thereby, the surface of the 1st electrode 11 is provided in uneven | corrugated shape. Here, the diameter and interval of the convex portions 11b are the same as the diameter and interval of the concave portions 11a provided on the surface of the first electrode 11 in the first embodiment. Here, on the surface of the resin layer 40 in the 150 μm square pixel on the first electrode 11 side, for example, approximately 200 to 500 uneven hemispherical convex portions 40a having a diameter of 10 μm are provided, The 1st electrode 11 shall be provided on the resin layer 40 in the state which covers this convex part 40a. In this case, the cell gap g is a distance between the surfaces of the first electrode 11 in the region excluding the convex portion 11b and the second electrode 21 in the region excluding the concave portion 21a.

  Such a liquid crystal display device is manufactured by the following method.

  In this case, it can be manufactured by the same method as that for forming an MRS (Micro Reflective Structure) structure. First, after TFTs are arrayed on the first substrate 10, a planarization insulating film (not shown) is formed. Next, for example, a photosensitive alkyl resin is applied and formed on the planarization insulating film. Next, the alkyl resin is patterned by an ordinary lithography technique so that an island-shaped resin pattern is obtained. Next, heat treatment is performed to cause the resin pattern to flow into a substantially hemispherical shape. Thereafter, if necessary, in order to smooth the uneven shape by the substantially hemispherical resin pattern, a cover film is formed to form the resin layer 40 having a plurality of convex portions 40a on the surface side. . Next, a connection hole reaching the TFT is formed in the resin layer 40 and the planarization insulating film.

  Here, the resin pattern is made into a substantially hemispherical shape by heat treatment, but this heat treatment may not be performed. Further, although the cover film is formed on the resin pattern, this cover film may not be formed.

  Thereafter, an ITO film is formed on the resin layer 40 by a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or a CVD method in a state where the connection holes are embedded. Thereby, the some convex part which followed the surface shape of the resin layer 40 is formed in the surface of an ITO film | membrane. Subsequently, the first electrode 11 serving as a pixel electrode is formed in a pattern so as to be connected to the TFT through the connection hole. Thereby, the surface of the 1st electrode 11 becomes uneven shape by forming the 1st electrode 11 which has a plurality of convex parts 11b on the surface.

  The subsequent manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device using the panel on the first substrate 10 side thus obtained is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

  Even with the liquid crystal display device having the above-described configuration, since the surface of the first electrode 11 is provided in a concavo-convex shape, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In the present embodiment, the example in which the plurality of convex portions 40a are provided on the surface of the resin layer 40 on the first electrode 11 side has been described. However, the resin layer 40 is configured in an island pattern only by the convex portions 40a. It may be.

  Moreover, the surface of the 1st electrode 11 may be provided in the uneven | corrugated shape by forming several recessed part in the resin layer 40. FIG. In this case, after the resin layer 40 is applied and formed, the surface of the resin layer 40 is etched to form a plurality of recesses. Thereby, the surface of the 1st electrode 11 formed in an upper layer following the surface shape of the resin layer 40 is provided in uneven | corrugated shape. The cell gap g of the liquid crystal display device in this case is a distance between the surfaces of the first electrode 11 in the region excluding the recess and the second electrode 21 in the region excluding the recess 21a. Furthermore, a plurality of convex portions and a plurality of concave portions may be mixed on the surface of the resin layer 40. In this case, the cell gap g of the liquid crystal display device is a distance between the surfaces of the first electrode 11 in the region excluding the convex portion and the concave portion and the second electrode 21 in the region excluding the concave portion 21a.

  Here, the resin layer 40 is interposed only between the first substrate 10 and the first electrode 11, but the resin layer 40 is provided between the second substrate 20 and the second electrode 21. Also good. However, in this case, since the light transmittance from the second substrate 20 side and the light transmittance to the second substrate 20 side are lowered, the thickness is set within a range in which the transmittance can be lowered. It is preferred that

  In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, the liquid crystal display device including the PN type liquid crystal layer has been described. However, the present invention may be any light scattering type liquid crystal display device, and the liquid crystal droplets 32 are completely connected to each other. The present invention can also be applied to a liquid crystal display device including a PDLC liquid crystal layer of a type separated into two. However, since the PN-type liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal droplet 32 provided in communication with the PDLC-type liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules 33 are easily aligned in a chain. For this reason, the liquid crystal display device provided with the PN type liquid crystal layer can exhibit the effects of the present invention remarkably.

  In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the description has been given using the example of the reflective liquid crystal display device. However, the present invention can be applied to a transmissive liquid crystal display device. In this case, the light absorption layer 12 of the first substrate 10 shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 2B is not provided, and, for example, light incident from the first substrate 10 side is transmitted to the second substrate 20 side. For this reason, the state of FIG.2 (b) which does not apply the electric field E becomes light shielding, and the state of FIG.2 (c) which applied the electric field E becomes permeation | transmission.

Example 1
Similarly to the first embodiment described above, the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured. That is, a liquid crystal display device in which about 100 to 10,000 concave portions 11a and 21a having a diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm were provided on the surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 21 in a 150 μm square pixel was manufactured.

(Example 2)
Similar to the second embodiment described above, the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 3 was manufactured. That is, the resin layer 40 is interposed between the first substrate 10 and the first electrode 11, and the surface on the first electrode 1 side of the resin layer 40 in a 150 μm square pixel has a diameter of about 10 μm. About 200 to 500 parts 41a are provided. Then, a liquid crystal display device in which the first electrode 11 was formed following the surface shape of the resin layer 40 was manufactured.

(Comparative Example 1)
As Comparative Example 1 with respect to Example 1 and Example 2 described above, a liquid crystal display device in which the surface of the first electrode 11 and the surface of the second electrode 21 were not provided in an uneven shape was manufactured.

  Note that the cell gap g of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 described above is 50 μm. And about these liquid crystal display devices, the change of the reflectance when an applied voltage was raised was measured.

  The result is shown in the graph of FIG. As shown in this graph, in the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1, it was confirmed that the driving voltage at which the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules was changed and the reflectance was settled down to the lowest value was 22V. On the other hand, the driving voltage of the liquid crystal display device of Example 1 was 18V, which was confirmed to be 3V lower than that of Comparative Example 1. Further, the driving voltage of the liquid crystal display device of Example 2 was 15 V, which was confirmed to be 5 V lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

  Accordingly, it was confirmed that the driving voltage is lowered by making the surface of the first electrode 11 and the surface of the second electrode 21 uneven.

It is a section lineblock diagram for explaining a 1st embodiment concerning a liquid crystal display of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the orientation control of the liquid crystal molecule which concerns on the liquid crystal display device of this invention. It is a section lineblock diagram for explaining a 2nd embodiment concerning a liquid crystal display of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between an applied voltage and a reflectance.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... 1st board | substrate, 11 ... 1st electrode, 20 ... 2nd board | substrate, 21 ... 2nd electrode, 30 ... Liquid crystal layer, 31 ... Polymer, 32 ... Liquid crystal droplet

Claims (6)

In a liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates, electrodes provided on one principal surface side of the substrate, and a light-scattering liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the substrates via the electrodes,
At least one of the electrodes is provided with a concavo-convex shape on the surface on the liquid crystal layer side. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1.
The liquid crystal layer is provided with a polymer having a network structure and a liquid crystal portion dispersed in the network structure of the polymer. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1.
An uneven shape on the surface of the electrode is provided by etching the electrode. A liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3.
The liquid crystal display device, wherein a diameter of the concave portion or the convex portion constituting the concave-convex shape of the surface of the electrode is 0.5 μm or more and is equal to or less than a distance between the electrodes. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1.
An uneven shape is provided on the surface of the electrode on the liquid crystal layer side by interposing a resin layer having an uneven surface on the electrode side between the substrate and the electrode. A liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5.
The liquid crystal display device, wherein a diameter of the concave portion or the convex portion constituting the concave-convex shape of the surface of the electrode is 0.5 μm or more and is equal to or less than a distance between the electrodes.

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