JP2001200519A - Planting concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide planting concrete which has compression strength of 20 MPa or higher and is large (20% or more) in continuous porosity. SOLUTION: The planting concrete is obtained by preparing a kneaded material of a compound containing coarse aggregate and mortar at volume ratio of 0.15 to 0.7 of the mortar to the coarse aggregate, jolt-molding the kneaded material with external vibrations of 1,000 to 6,000 vpm, and then curing the same. In this concrete, the mortar contains at least cement, pozzolan impalpable powder, fine aggregate with a particle size of 2 mm or less, a water reducing agent, and water.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to planting concrete having a compressive strength of a certain level or more and a large continuous porosity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Planting concrete for growing plants directly on concrete allows plants planted on concrete topsoil to extend its roots into the concrete and penetrate into the soil on the backside of the concrete. Concrete is used for, for example, river bank protection. In order for plants to grow on concrete, a continuous space (continuous voids) for growing roots of the plants is required, and it is also necessary to retain water, fertilizer components, and the like. In planting concrete having a continuous space (continuous voids), the larger the ratio of the continuous space to the volume of the concrete (continuous void ratio), the higher the function of retaining water, fertilizer components, and the like. , Large plants can be grown.

[0003]

On the other hand, when planting concrete is used for river revetment or the like, planting concrete having a certain compressive strength must be used in order to secure the revetment strength. Was. In such planting concrete, the continuous porosity is reduced,
The types of plants that could be grown were limited.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a concrete for planting which has a compressive strength of a certain level or more (specifically, 20 MPa or more) and has a large continuous porosity (specifically, 20% or more). It is intended for.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, by specifying the volume ratio of coarse aggregate and mortar, and further specifying the material to be used for mortar, The inventors have found that the above object can be achieved, and have reached the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, a kneaded product of a composition comprising coarse aggregate and mortar having a volume ratio of 0.15 to 0.7 with respect to the coarse aggregate is subjected to vibration molding by external vibration having a frequency of 1000 to 6000 vpm and curing. In the concrete for planting, the mortar is at least cement, pozzolanic fine powder, particle size
A planting concrete containing fine aggregate of 2 mm or less, a water reducing agent, and water (Claim 1), metal fibers and / or organic fibers (Claim 2) in mortar, quartz having an average particle size of 3 to 20 μm. It is preferable to include powder (claim 5), fibrous particles or flaky particles having an average particle size of 1 mm or less (claim 6).

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The present invention specifies the volume ratio of coarse aggregate and mortar,
It is a concrete for planting that further specifies the material used for the mortar. Hereinafter, the used materials and the mixing ratio will be described.

[0008] Examples of the coarse aggregate include gravel, crushed stone, and mixtures thereof. In the present invention, it is preferable that the coarse aggregate used has a minimum particle size of 5 mm or more and a particle size range as small as possible. In particular,
For example, a coarse aggregate having a particle size range of 13 to 20 mm,
It is preferable to use coarse aggregate of about 30 mm.

The volume ratio of mortar to coarse aggregate is coarse aggregate: mortar = 1: 0.15 to 0.7, preferably 1: 0.2 to 0.6. If the volume ratio of the mortar is less than 0.15, it is difficult to develop a compressive strength of 20 MPa or more. If the volume ratio of the mortar exceeds 0.7, the continuous porosity decreases.

[0010] The type of cement is not limited,
Various Portland cements such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, moderate heat Portland cement, low heat Portland cement, etc.
Mixed cements such as fly ash cement can be used.

As the pozzolanic fine powder, silica fume, silica dust, fly ash, slag, volcanic ash,
Silica sol, precipitated silica and the like. Generally, silica fume and silica dust have an average particle size of 1.0
It is suitable for the pozzolanic fine powder of the present invention because it is not more than μm and does not need to be ground. The compounding amount of the pozzolanic fine powder is preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of cement, from the compressive strength and continuous porosity of the concrete for planting. If the amount of the pozzolanic fine powder is small, the continuous porosity decreases when a compressive strength of 20 MPa or more is developed. As the amount of pozzolanic fine powder increases, the unit water volume increases.
It is difficult to develop a compressive strength of 20 MPa or more.
In addition, the continuous porosity is a ratio of a continuous space to the volume of concrete.

In the present invention, fine aggregate having a particle size of 2 mm or less is used in the mortar. Here, the particle size of the fine aggregate in the present invention is an 85% weight cumulative particle size. Fine aggregate particle size
If it exceeds 2 mm, the continuous porosity decreases when a compressive strength of 20 MPa or more is developed. In the present invention,
From the compressive strength and continuous porosity of the concrete for cast-in-place planting, it is preferable to use fine aggregate having a maximum particle size of 2 mm or less, and more preferable to use fine aggregate having a maximum particle size of 1.5 mm or less. As fine aggregate, river sand, land sand, sea sand, crushed sand,
Silica sand and mixtures thereof can be used. The amount of fine aggregate is determined by considering the compressive strength and continuous porosity of planting concrete, shrinkage suppression by drying after curing, etc.
The amount is preferably 50 to 250 parts by weight, more preferably 80 to 180 parts by weight based on 0 parts by weight.

As the water reducing agent, a lignin-based, naphthalenesulfonic acid-based, melamine-based, polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high performance water reducing agent or a high performance AE water reducing agent can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use a high performance water reducing agent or a high performance AE water reducing agent having a large water reducing effect. The compounding amount of the water reducing agent is preferably 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight in terms of solid content based on 100 parts by weight of cement, from the compressive strength and continuous porosity of the concrete for planting. The water reducing agent can be used in either liquid or powder form.

The amount of water is 10 to 3 parts per 100 parts by weight of cement.
The amount is preferably 0 parts by weight, more preferably 15 to 25 parts by weight. If the amount of water is less than 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of cement, it becomes difficult to knead the kneaded material. Also, 20MP
It is also difficult to develop a compressive strength of a or more. If the amount of water exceeds 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement, the continuous porosity decreases.

In the present invention, the mortar preferably contains metal fibers and / or organic fibers from the viewpoint of increasing the bending strength of the concrete for planting. Examples of the metal fiber include a steel fiber and an amorphous fiber. Among them, the steel fiber is excellent in strength, and is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and availability. The metal fiber preferably has a diameter of 0.01 to 1.0 mm and a length of 2 to 30 mm. When the diameter is less than 0.01 mm, the strength of the fiber itself is insufficient, and the fiber tends to be cut when subjected to tension. If the diameter is more than 1.0 mm, the number of pieces with the same compounding amount decreases, and the effect of improving the bending strength decreases. If the length exceeds 30 mm, fiber balls tend to be formed during kneading. If the length is less than 2 mm, the effect of improving the bending strength decreases. The amount of metal fiber
Preferably less than 4% of the volume in the mortar, more preferably less than 3%. When the blending amount of the metal fiber increases, the unit water amount also increases in order to ensure workability during kneading, etc., so the blending amount of the metal fiber is preferably the above-mentioned amount.

The organic fibers include vinylon fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers and the like. Organic fiber diameter 0.01 ~ 1.0m
m and a length of 2 to 30 mm are preferred. The blending amount of the organic fiber is preferably less than 10% of the volume in the mortar, more preferably less than 8%. In the present invention, it is possible to use metal fibers and organic fibers in combination.

In the present invention, from the viewpoint of increasing the strength of the planting concrete, the mortar has an average particle size of 3 to 20 μm.
m, more preferably a quartz powder having an average particle size of 4 to 10 μm. Examples of the quartz powder include quartz and amorphous quartz, and opal and cristobalite silica-containing powders. The compounding amount of the quartz powder is preferably 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 20 to 35 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of cement, from the compressive strength and continuous porosity of the concrete for planting.

In the present invention, from the viewpoint of increasing the toughness of the planting concrete, it is preferable that the mortar contains fibrous particles or flaky particles having an average particle size of 1 mm or less. Here, the particle size of a particle is the size of its maximum dimension (in particular, its length for fibrous particles). Examples of the fibrous particles include wollastonite, bauxite, mullite, and the like, and examples of the flaky particles include mica flake, talc flake, vercurite flake, and alumina flake. The compounding amount of the fibrous particles or flaky particles is
From the viewpoint of the compressive strength, continuous porosity, toughness, etc. of the concrete for planting, the amount is preferably 35 parts by weight or less, more preferably 10 to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of cement. In the fibrous particles, from the viewpoint of enhancing the toughness of the in-situ greening porous concrete, the degree of needleness represented by the ratio of length / diameter is determined.
It is preferable to use three or more.

Next, a method for producing the concrete for planting of the present invention will be described. First, a kneaded product of a composition comprising coarse aggregate and mortar having a volume ratio of 0.15 to 0.7 with respect to the coarse aggregate is prepared. The method for preparing the kneaded material is not particularly limited. 1) Water and a mortar material other than a water reducing agent are mixed in advance (premix), and at the time of kneading, the premix, water,
The water reducing agent and coarse aggregate are put into a mixer and kneaded. 2) Mix mortar materials other than water in advance (premix, but use powder type water reducing agent)
At the time of kneading, the premix, water and coarse aggregate are put into a mixer and kneaded. 3) At the time of kneading, each mortar material and coarse aggregate are individually put into a mixer and kneaded. And the like. In the present invention, the kneading is performed until the coarse aggregate is coated with the mortar and becomes independent particles.

The mixer used for kneading may be of any type used for kneading ordinary concrete, for example, an oscillating mixer, a pan-type mixer, a biaxial kneading mixer, or the like.

After kneading, the kneaded material is put into a predetermined mold,
Vibration molding is performed with external vibration having a frequency of 1000 to 6000 vpm. If the frequency is less than 1000 vpm, sufficient compaction cannot be performed, and it becomes difficult to develop a compressive strength of 20 MPa or more. If the frequency exceeds 6000 vpm, the continuous porosity decreases. For external vibration, a table vibrator, a vibrator that can be attached to a mold, or the like can be used. Vibration time is approximately 5-30 seconds. It should be noted that a pressure of 1 to 100 kPa may be applied during the vibration molding.
For the pressurization, a hydraulic or pneumatic pressurizing device or the like can be used.

The curing method is not particularly limited.
Normal curing or steam curing may be performed.

In the present invention, the method of planting on concrete for planting is not particularly limited. As an example of the planting method, there is a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-107789, in which a plant filling soil material and a plant seed are mixed, and the mixture is filled into a hardened planting concrete.

[0024]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. 1. Materials used The following materials were used. 1) Cement; ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.) 2) Pozzolanic fine powder; silica fume (average particle size 0.7 μm) 3) Fine aggregate: 2: 1 of silica sand 4 and silica sand 5 (weight ratio) ) Mixed product 4) Metal fiber; Steel fiber (diameter: 0.2mm, length: 15mm) 5) High performance AE water reducing agent; Polycarboxylic acid high performance AE water reducing agent 6) Water; tap water 7) Quartz powder (average) 8) Fibrous particles; wollastonite (average length 0.3 mm, length / diameter ratio 4) 9) Coarse aggregate; Ome crushed stone 5 (particle size range 13-20 mm)

Example 1 Coarse aggregate and each material of the mortar having the mixing ratio shown in Table 1 were used.
The mixture was charged into a biaxial kneading mixer such that the volume ratio of the coarse aggregate and the mortar was 1: 0.4, and kneaded until the coarse aggregate became independent particles in a state in which the mortar was coated to prepare a kneaded material. . The kneaded material is put into a mold frame of 100 × 60 × 20 cm, and is subjected to vibration molding with a table vibrator (frequency 3000 vpm × 30).
Seconds). After molding, it was placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours and steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours to produce planting concrete. Cut the above concrete for planting and prepare a specimen of φ10 × 20cm.
This was prepared, and the compressive strength was measured according to “JIS A 1108 (Test method for compressive strength of concrete)”. In addition, the above-mentioned pavement slab was cut, and three specimens of φ15 × 30 cm were prepared. According to “Eco-Concrete Research Committee Report of Porous Concrete Porosity Measurement Method (Draft)” of the Japan Concrete Institute, The continuous porosity was measured. as a result,
The compressive strength was 22 MPa and the continuous porosity was 28%.

[0026]

[Table 1]

Example 2 Coarse aggregate and each material of mortar having a mixing ratio shown in Table 2 (in Table 2, steel fiber is volume% in mortar)
The mixture was charged into a biaxial kneading mixer such that the volume ratio of the coarse aggregate and the mortar was 1: 0.4, and kneaded until the coarse aggregate became independent particles in a state in which the mortar was coated to prepare a kneaded material. . The kneaded material is put into a mold frame of 100 × 60 × 20 cm, and is subjected to vibration molding with a table vibrator (frequency 3000 vpm × 30).
Seconds). After molding, it was placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours and steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours to produce planting concrete. The concrete for planting was cut, and the compressive strength and the continuous porosity were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the compression strength was 22 MPa, and the continuous porosity was 26%.

[0028]

[Table 2]

Example 3 Coarse aggregate and each material of mortar having a mixing ratio shown in Table 3 (in Table 3, steel fiber is volume% in mortar)
The mixture was charged into a biaxial kneading mixer such that the volume ratio of the coarse aggregate and the mortar was 1: 0.4, and kneaded until the coarse aggregate became independent particles in a state in which the mortar was coated to prepare a kneaded material. . The kneaded material is put into a mold frame of 100 × 60 × 20 cm, and is subjected to vibration molding with a table vibrator (frequency 3000 vpm × 30).
Seconds). After molding, it was placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours and steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours to produce planting concrete. The concrete for planting was cut, and the compressive strength and the continuous porosity were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the compressive strength was 25 MPa, and the continuous porosity was 25%.

[0030]

[Table 3]

[0031]

As described above, in the concrete for planting of the present invention, the continuous porosity can be increased (20% or more) even if the compressive strength is 20 MPa or more. Therefore, when the planting concrete of the present invention is used for river protection, etc., it can be widely applied, for example, it is possible to plant a plant of a type that could not be planted conventionally.

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Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the coarse aggregate to the coarse aggregate is 0.5.
In a concrete for planting obtained by shaping and kneading a kneaded material of a composition consisting of mortar of 15 to 0.7 and vibration with an external vibration of 1000 to 6000 vpm, the mortar is at least cement, pozzolanic fine powder, A planting concrete comprising fine aggregate having a particle size of 2 mm or less, a water reducing agent, and water. 2. The planting concrete according to claim 1, wherein the mortar contains metal fibers and / or organic fibers. 3. The metal fiber has a diameter of 0.01 to 1.0 mm and a length of 2 to 30.
The planting concrete according to claim 2, which is a steel fiber of mm. 4. An organic fiber having a diameter of 0.01 to 1.0 mm and a length of 2 to
3. The planting concrete according to claim 2, wherein the concrete is at least one fiber selected from vinylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, and carbon fiber of 30 mm. 5. The planting concrete according to claim 1, wherein the mortar contains quartz powder having an average particle size of 3 to 20 μm. 6. The planting concrete according to claim 1, wherein the mortar contains fibrous particles or flaky particles having an average particle size of 1 mm or less.