JP2001174242A - In-tunnel monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To always monitor events such as concrete fall down, in a tunnel to avoid secondary disasters by detecting quakes or sounds produced in the tunnel. SOLUTION: This monitoring system comprises a plurality of quakes or sound wave detection sensors 3a-3n disposed in the tunnel along its through-hole, determines (estimates) the location of a quake source inside or outside the tunnel 2, based on the time difference or level difference between the shake or sound arriving at the sensors, thereby detecting falling of foreign matters inside the tunnel 2, automatically reports this even to a prescribed place to recognize images in the tunnel 2 by the remote control at the prescribed place, and hence a tunnel watching system is realizable, which is capable of immediately detecting abnormal conditions in the tunnel 2, investigating the cause of this event and determining the degree of hazard to issue an alarm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a monitoring system in a tunnel, and more particularly, to a technique for detecting an abnormality in a tunnel such as a collapse as a vibration or a sound, and for specifying a generation position.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a collapse accident of a tunnel such as a railway has become a problem. Concrete is often used for the tunnel wall material, but it is necessary to predict when a collapse accident will occur due to variations in the durability of concrete due to variations in the composition quality of the concrete and differences in the tunnel environment such as humidity. Is very difficult. On the other hand, the tunnel manager periodically performs inspections such as visual inspection and hammering inspection on a plurality of tunnels as preventive maintenance.

[0003] According to the above-mentioned visual inspection, "cracks" and "peeling" etc. of the tunnel wall surface can be found. "Etc. can be found. Then, these signs are recognized as dangerous places, and the degree of danger such as collapse is determined.
If it was deemed necessary, rehabilitation work and reinforcement work were taken.

[0004]

However, even if the above-described conventional inspection in the tunnel is sufficiently performed, it is difficult to completely recognize all the dangerous points.
It is difficult to prevent collapse accidents even if reinforcement work is performed on all of the danger points found. That is, it is not possible to prevent the collapse from occurring at a location that was not found during the periodic inspection and at a location that reached a dangerous state after the periodic inspection. For example, if a collapse occurs after a regular inspection and there is a block of concrete on a railway track, etc., a train entering a tunnel without knowing it may cause a serious accident such as derailment or overturning. is there. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent secondary disasters caused by the collapse of concrete, but it has not been possible to find out and respond immediately to the occurrence of the collapse by regular inspections and the like so far.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and it is possible to constantly monitor the occurrence of concrete collapse or the like in a tunnel by detecting vibration or sound generated in the tunnel. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple tunnel monitoring system.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a monitoring system in a tunnel according to the present invention, wherein a plurality of vibration or sound wave detection sensors are arranged in a tunnel along a penetrating direction thereof. Together, by determining where the vibration source is located inside or outside the tunnel, based on the time difference between the vibration or sound reaching each sensor,
The method is characterized by detecting a fall of a foreign substance in a tunnel. The invention also provides a monitoring system in a tunnel according to the present invention, wherein a plurality of vibration or sound wave detection sensors are arranged in a tunnel along a penetrating direction, and outputs of the sensors are monitored to reach the sensors. A control device that determines whether or not the vibration source is located in the tunnel based on a time difference between the vibration or the sound that occurs, and a wireless device that determines that the vibration source is located in the tunnel when the vibration source is determined to be located in the tunnel. Alternatively, a communication means for transmitting the data to a predetermined place by wire is provided. Further, in the tunnel monitoring system according to the present invention, in the tunnel monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, when the railway line is laid in the tunnel, the sensor is connected to the railway line. Or acoustically or vibrationally. Further, the tunnel monitoring system according to the present invention according to claim 4 is based on a plurality of vibration or sound wave detection sensors arranged in the tunnel along the penetrating direction and a time difference between the vibration or sound reaching each of the sensors. A control device for determining whether a sound source or a vibration source is located in the tunnel, a television camera movable in the tunnel along a guide rail attached to the tunnel wall, and an image of the television camera. And communication means for transmitting a signal to a required point, when the controller outputs a signal indicating that the vibration source or the sound source is located in the tunnel, drives the television camera, and in the vicinity of the vibration source or the sound source. It is characterized by moving. In addition, the invention of claim 5 of the monitoring system in a tunnel according to the present invention is directed to claim 4.
In the tunnel monitoring system according to the above, replacing the mobile TV camera, a plurality of TV cameras are arranged along the tunnel penetrating direction, and a TV camera near a vibration source or a sound source position specified by the control device And transmitting the image to the required point. Further, in the tunnel monitoring system according to claim 6 of the present invention, in the tunnel monitoring system according to claim 4 or 5, when the railway line is laid in the tunnel, the sensor is connected to the railway line. Or acoustically or vibrationally coupled to

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a monitoring system in a tunnel according to the present invention.

[0008] The monitoring system in the tunnel shown in this example,
In a tunnel 2 on which a railway line 1 is laid, a plurality of vibration sensors 3 a to 3 n arranged at predetermined intervals on a side wall surface in the tunnel 2 and a plurality of vibration sensors 3 arranged on a moving rail 4 installed in the tunnel 2. Photographing machines 5a to 5n; a tunnel station 6 connected to the vibration sensors 3a to 3n and the photographing machines 5a to 5n to collect signals from them; and a display connected to the tunnel station 6 and installed at the entrance of the tunnel 2. And a monitoring center 9 connected to the tunnel station 6 via a wireless or wired communication line 8.

The vibration sensors 3a to 3n are capable of capturing sound waves, and are, for example, microphones and vibration pickups, and are shown here as microphones M1 to M5 for capturing sound waves propagating in the air. . The photographing devices 5a to 5n are capable of capturing images, and include, for example, a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device).
e) A camera or the like using an image sensor, which is shown here as cameras C1 to C3 equipped with lights for obtaining a color image in the visible light region. In order to capture an image on the railroad track 1 or an image of the ceiling in the tunnel, the camera can be moved up and down in a lens direction, or a compound eye lens can be used on the same screen with a reflecting mirror or the like. It is desirable to be able to project images of the ceiling.

The tunnel station 6 is configured as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of a tunnel station of the tunnel monitoring system according to the present invention. The tunnel station 6 shown in FIG. 1 includes a sensor IF (Interface) unit 1 that accommodates the vibration sensors 3a to 3n.
0, a camera IF unit accommodating the photographing devices 5a to 5n, sound wave data such as a vibration level and a vibration waveform collected by the vibration sensor, and video data collected by the photographing device. A main storage unit 12 storing the basic data of the above, a display drive unit 17 for driving the display units 7a and 7b, and a communication unit 16 for communicating with the monitoring center 9 via the communication line 8. Is a CPU that controls the tunnel station 6 via a common bus (BUS)
(Central Processing Unit), ROM, and RAM.

The monitoring system in the tunnel shown in FIG. 1 functions as follows. That is, the microphones M1 to M
Each section 5 is assigned a section in the tunnel 2, and the tunnel station 6 monitors the microphones M1 to M5 in parallel. And tunnel 2
When an impact sound (sound wave) due to a collapse or the like is generated inside the microphone, the microphone detects the sound. At this time, the microphone closest to the sound source of the impact sound among the microphones M1 to M5 detects the sound wave first. Then, the tunnel station 6 monitors the data from each microphone at the same time from when the sound wave is detected by any of the microphones, and acquires the arrival time difference of the sound wave and the sound wave level.

The above situation will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the concrete piece 18 has collapsed on the railway line 1. Here, an example in which the piezoelectric vibration pickups H <b> 1 to Hn are attached and fixed to the side surface of the railway line 1 is shown. Is shown. FIG. 3B is an example of a timing chart illustrating how sound waves are detected by each sensor on the same time axis.

That is, when an abnormality such as a collapse occurs in the tunnel 2, a sound wave is generated due to a drop impact of the concrete piece 18, and the railway line 1 receiving the wave propagates the sound wave in both directions from the place. I do. Then, sound waves (surface waves) propagating through the railway line 1 are transmitted to the piezoelectric vibration pickups H1 to H1.
When detected by Hn, it becomes as shown in FIG. In this case, the first vibration is detected by the vibration pickup H4 or H5, and then the vibration is detected in the order of the vibration pickups H3 and H6 → the vibration pickup H3 → the vibration pickup H1. This is railroad track 1
Is a time difference based on the propagation delay of the sound wave propagating through the vibration pickup, from which it can be inferred that there is a vibration source, that is, a collapsed portion, between the vibration pickups H4 and H5 which first detected the vibration. For example, if the vibration pickup is installed every 10 m, the clock frequency for measuring the propagation surface wave of the railway line 1 is 100 k
Hz is sufficient. However, if it is necessary to observe the waveform more precisely, it will be necessary to use a higher frequency as the sampling frequency.

Further, the vibration level detected by each of the vibration pickups H1 to Hn is attenuated and decreases as the distance from the vibration source increases, so that the position of the vibration source can be estimated based on this.

By the way, the vibration sensors (vibration pickups H1 to Hn) installed as described above also detect the vibration of the train passing through the railway line 1. The situation in this case will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a state in which a train passes in different directions of entry into the tunnel 2 (if one is the direction A and the other is the direction B), FIG. FIG. 4 is a timing chart illustrating an example of passage vibration detection when a train enters from a direction;
(C) is a timing chart showing an example of passing vibration detection when a train enters from the B direction. That is, as shown in the diagrams (b) and (c), when the train passes, the vibration detection is performed in order from the vibration sensor installed at the end in either the A direction or the B direction. The resulting vibration waveform also has different characteristics from the case of concrete collapse.

Since the rise and fall of the vibration waveform, the duration of the vibration waveform, the vibration waveform level (degree of attenuation), the vibration spectrum, and the like are different between the case of collapse and the case of passing through a train, the tunnel station 6 By storing these characteristic vibration waveform information in advance and comparing them with each other, it is possible to discriminate between the vibration when passing through the train and the other vibrations.

Similarly, in the case of vibration caused by an earthquake, the vibration sensors 3a to 3n are detected at substantially the same time or sequentially from one of the vibration sensors at the end, and the respective vibration waveform levels are equivalent. Therefore, it is possible to determine the impact sound (vibration) due to a foreign object falling in the tunnel 2 or the like.

Such processing is performed by the sensor IF unit 10 of the tunnel station 6 under the control of the CPU 13, and the CPU 13 can estimate the position of the vibration source.

Thus, the tunnel station 6 that has detected the vibrations
Notifies the monitoring center 9 located at a remote place using the communication unit 16. For example, a general public line such as a PHS or a mobile phone may be used for the communication line 8 to perform data communication by dial-up connection by auto dial. At this time, the data to be notified to the monitoring center 9 may include the occurrence of an abnormality, the estimated location (section or coordinate information) of the vibration source in the tunnel, vibration waveform data, and the like.

An example of the operation procedure of the tunnel inside monitoring system of the present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation procedure of the in-tunnel monitoring system according to the present invention.

First, the tunnel station 6 determines whether or not any of the plurality of vibration sensors 3a to 3n installed in the tunnel has detected a vibration response (STEP 1).
This is because a predetermined threshold value is set for each vibration sensor, and vibration (sound pressure) exceeding this threshold value is monitored. If there is no vibration response exceeding this threshold value (NO), monitoring is continued,
If there is a vibration response exceeding this threshold (YES),
The collection of vibration detection data from all vibration sensors is started at the same time <STEP 2>. At this time, the data may be collected for a predetermined period of time (for example, 30 seconds), or may be collected while the vibration continues. However, in the latter case, the upper limit time should be set where necessary.

Simultaneously with the execution of STEP 2, the vibration waveform data from any appropriate one of the vibration data from the vibration sensors 3a to 3n is stored in the main storage unit 12 (STEP 3). For example, when the data of the vibration sensor that responded first has a level too large to grasp the entire waveform, the waveform from another vibration sensor that responded a little later is stored. In this way, the rising edge of the waveform can be captured without missing. Since the stored vibration waveform data is assumed to be used for the vibration analysis processing thereafter, it is preferable not to perform compression of the reproduced waveform with deterioration.

Next, a relative detection time difference between the vibration sensors and a relative detection level difference between the respective vibration sensors are measured from the data collected in the above STEP 2, and based on these, the position in the tunnel where the vibration occurred is determined. Identify (guess)
<STEP 4>. At this time, the tunnel station 6 is also making a distinction between a train passing and an earthquake, and if the estimated vibration source area is inside the tunnel, a warning is displayed on the indicators 7a and 7b. <STEP 5>, warn the person trying to enter the tunnel. This allows
The driver of the train or the like senses that the collapse or the like may have occurred in the tunnel, and can slow down the speed of the train. Further, when the vibration source area in the tunnel is specified in STEP 4, the photographing apparatus having the responsible area among the photographing apparatuses 5a to 5n is started to prepare for photographing <STEP 6>.

Next, the tunnel station 6 communicates with the monitoring center 9 to report the occurrence of the abnormality, the estimated location of the vibration source in the tunnel, the acquired vibration waveform data, and the like.
TEP7>.

In the monitoring center 9 receiving the notification, a monitoring member is resident, and upon receiving the notification in STEP 7, the tunnel center 6 is remotely operated (remote control).
To start. Therefore, the tunnel station 6 has a monitoring center 9
And a local control mode, and the following operation is performed with priority given to the remote control mode (STEP 8).

If the remote control is started in STEP 8 (YES), the photographing machine prepared in STEP 6 is driven to view the image in the tunnel and hear the transmitted vibration waveform, or , Vibration analysis processing (for example, by an analysis method applying wavelet transform)
The investigator investigates the cause of the vibration <ST
EP9>.

Then, the observer determines the degree of danger based on the result of the investigation <STEP 10>. If it is determined that there is danger (YES), the monitor enters the indicators 7a and 7b of the tunnel 2 by remote control. Prohibition warning display
<STEP 11>, and thereafter, a maintenance staff or the like goes to the site and performs a repairing process <STEP 12>.

If the safety is confirmed in STEP 12 or if there is no danger in STEP 10 (NO), the warning (warning display) of the tunnel station 6 is released by remote control from the monitoring center 9. <STEP 13>.

On the other hand, if the remote control from the monitoring center is not immediately started in STEP8 (N
In O), the tunnel station 6 automatically performs the following operation based on a program previously input in the local control mode. First, the image taken on the railway line 1 in the estimated vibration source area by the photographing machine started in STEP6,
And a ceiling image in the tunnel 2 is automatically photographed along the moving rail 4 (STEP 14), and these images are stored in the main storage unit 12 in advance in a normal image stored in association with the position coordinates of the photographing machine. The image is collated with the data (correlation comparison), and image processing for foreign substance detection and the like is performed <STEP 15>. in this case,
For example, in consideration of the fact that an image when moving in parallel in the tunnel penetration direction is a relatively similar image, high-speed processing is performed by reducing the amount of image data to be collated.

The vibration waveform data recorded in STEP 3 is compared with a plurality of sample waveform patterns stored in the main storage unit 12 in advance, and an attempt is made to predict the cause of the vibration source (STEP 16).

Then, the above-mentioned STEP 15 and STEP 1
Judgment of possibility of accident occurrence based on the result of 6 <ST
EP17>. There is a possibility of an accident based on this judgment (YE
If S), the tunnel station 6 displays an entry prohibition warning on the indicators 7a and 7b <STEP 18>, and then again.
The monitoring center 9 is notified of the above-described automatic determination result and the obtained data (the results of STEPs 14 to 18) <STEP 1
9>. If there is no possibility of occurrence of an accident (NO) in the determination in STEP 17, the flow shifts to STEP 19 without performing STEP 18.

Up to this point, the operation is performed in the local control mode of the tunnel station 6, and thereafter, waiting for an instruction from the monitoring center 9 <STEP 20>, that is, judgment control by a human such as remote control from the monitoring center 9, etc. Become.

In the embodiment of the present invention described above, the microphone M (condenser microphone, dynamic microphone, electret microphone, etc.) and the vibration pickup H (piezoelectric pickup, electrodynamic pickup, etc.) are used as the vibration sensors 3a to 3n. )
However, a high-sensitivity seismometer (one using an acceleration sensor for each of three axes, a magnetic sensor, or the like) may be used. Further, these vibration sensors 3a to 3n are installed on the wall surface in the tunnel 2 or on the side surface of the railway line 1, and the vibration (sound waves)
However, the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, the vibration sensors 3a to 3n may be buried in concrete or in the ground. According to this, since the sensor body and the connection cable are not exposed, the influence of wind pressure resistance is not required, and a direct wave (P wave or S wave) propagating in the solid can be observed, so that detection can be performed in a shorter time. . Further, in the above-described embodiment, a visible light camera provided with a light is shown as each of the photographing devices 5a to 5n. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, an infrared camera or a high-sensitivity night-vision camera may be used. good. According to this, the light can be omitted. In the above-described embodiment, the display devices 7a and 7b are provided at the entrance and exit of the tunnel 2 to display a warning. However, for example, a device that informs a train driver of danger by wireless communication means, It goes without saying that the present invention may be applied to other alarm transmission means or traffic control means, such as automatically stopping a train in cooperation with an automatic train control system.

As described above, the monitoring system in the tunnel according to the present invention immediately detects a collapse or the like occurring in the tunnel 2, notifies the monitoring center 9 of the collapse, and displays a warning on the displays 7a and 7b. Therefore, a train derailment accident or the like due to a foreign object can be prevented.

[0035]

As described above, the tunnel monitoring system according to the present invention determines the position of a vibration source by determining a relative time difference and a relative level difference from vibration waves detected by a plurality of vibration sensors, and determines a predetermined location. And
The tunnel image can be confirmed by remote control from the predetermined location, so that an abnormality in the tunnel can be immediately detected, the cause of the occurrence can be investigated, and the degree of danger can be determined and a warning display can be displayed. The system can be realized. As a result, it is possible to implement quick and regular inspections (visual surveys and hammering surveys) as well as to respond more quickly.
Tunnel safety management that is extremely excellent in preventing accidents in tunnels can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a tunnel monitoring system according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of a tunnel station according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining vibration detection according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a vibration source determination according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation procedure of the in-tunnel monitoring system according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Railroad track 2 ... Tunnel 3a-3n ... Vibration sensor 4 ... Moving rail 5a-5n ... Photographer 6 ... Tunnel station 7a, 7b ... Display 8. ..Communication line 9 ・ ・ ・ Monitoring center 10 ・ ・ ・ Sensor IF unit 11 ・ ・ ・ Camera IF unit 12 ・ ・ ・ Main storage unit 13 ・ ・ ・ CPU 14 ・ ・ ・ ROM 15 ・ ・ ・ RAM 16 ・ ・ ・Communication unit 17 Display drive unit 18 Concrete pieces C1 to C3 Camera M1 to M5 Microphone H1 to Hn Vibration pickup

Continued on front page F term (reference) 2F068 AA01 BB30 CC06 DD07 DD13 FF01 FF12 GG09 JJ21 PP11 QQ21 RR09 RR12 SS01 TT07 2G047 AA10 BA05 BC03 BC04 BC18 EA19 GA13 GA21 GG30 GH04 2G064 AA05 AB13 CC02 BB67 BD12

Claims (6)

[Claims] A plurality of vibration or sound wave detection sensors are arranged in a tunnel along a penetrating direction thereof, and a vibration source is located inside or outside the tunnel based on a time difference of vibration or sound reaching each sensor. A monitoring system in a tunnel, which detects a fall of a foreign object in a tunnel by determining whether to do so. 2. A plurality of vibration or sound wave detection sensors disposed in a tunnel along a penetrating direction thereof, and an output of the sensor is monitored, and a vibration source is determined based on a time difference between the vibration or sound reaching the sensor. A control device for determining whether or not the vibration source is located in a tunnel, and a communication means for transmitting the fact to a predetermined place wirelessly or by wire when it is determined that the vibration source is located in the tunnel A monitoring system in a tunnel, comprising: 3. The monitoring system in a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein, when a railway line is laid in the tunnel, the sensor is acoustically or vibrationally coupled to the railway line. 4. A plurality of vibration or sound wave detection sensors arranged in a tunnel along a penetrating direction thereof, and a sound source or a vibration source is located in the tunnel based on a time difference between vibrations or sounds reaching the respective sensors. A control device for determining whether or not the video signal is transmitted, a television camera movable in a tunnel along a guide rail attached to a tunnel wall, and communication means for transmitting a video signal of the television camera to a required point. When a signal indicating that a vibration source or a sound source is located in the tunnel is output from the control device, the television camera is driven and the vicinity of the vibration source or the sound source is moved. Monitoring system. 5. A portable television camera, wherein a plurality of television cameras are arranged along a tunnel penetrating direction, and a television camera near a vibration source or a sound source position specified by the control device is activated. 5. The monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the video is transmitted to the required point. 6. The monitoring system in a tunnel according to claim 4, wherein when a railway line is laid in the tunnel, the sensor is acoustically or vibrationally coupled to the railway line.