IL89461A - Telephone communication compression system - Google Patents
Telephone communication compression systemInfo
- Publication number
- IL89461A IL89461A IL8946189A IL8946189A IL89461A IL 89461 A IL89461 A IL 89461A IL 8946189 A IL8946189 A IL 8946189A IL 8946189 A IL8946189 A IL 8946189A IL 89461 A IL89461 A IL 89461A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- signals
- facsimile
- transmission network
- transmission
- signal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/17—Time-division multiplex systems in which the transmission channel allotted to a first user may be taken away and re-allotted to a second user if the first user becomes inactive, e.g. TASI
- H04J3/172—Digital speech interpolation, i.e. DSI
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/00095—Systems or arrangements for the transmission of the picture signal
- H04N1/001—Systems or arrangements for the transmission of the picture signal specially adapted for transmission via digital wireline networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/00127—Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture
- H04N1/00281—Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture with a telecommunication apparatus, e.g. a switched network of teleprinters for the distribution of text-based information, a selective call terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/333—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor
- H04N1/33307—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor prior to start of transmission, input or output of the picture signal only
- H04N1/33323—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor prior to start of transmission, input or output of the picture signal only transmission mode only, e.g. speed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/333—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor
- H04N1/33346—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor adapting to a particular standardised protocol
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/333—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor
- H04N2201/33307—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor of a particular mode
- H04N2201/33342—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor of a particular mode of transmission mode
- H04N2201/3335—Speed or rate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
- H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N2201/333—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor
- H04N2201/33307—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor of a particular mode
- H04N2201/33342—Mode signalling or mode changing; Handshaking therefor of a particular mode of transmission mode
- H04N2201/33364—Type of modulation; Type of channel, e.g. digital or analog; Type of communication, e.g. half-duplex or full-duplex
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Facsimiles In General (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
- Facsimile Transmission Control (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Exchange Systems With Centralized Control (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Interconnected Communication Systems, Intercoms, And Interphones (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL8946189A IL89461A (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1989-03-02 | Telephone communication compression system |
US07/451,748 US5117453A (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1989-12-18 | Telecommunication system |
JP2031349A JP2847167B2 (ja) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-02-09 | 通信システムならびに通信方法 |
EP90850077A EP0529104B1 (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-02-23 | Telecommunication system |
AT90850077T ATE125406T1 (de) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-02-23 | Telekommunikationssystem. |
DK90850077.0T DK0529104T3 (da) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-02-23 | Telekommunikationssystem |
DE199090850077T DE529104T1 (de) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-02-23 | Fernuebertragungssystem. |
DE69021083T DE69021083T2 (de) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-02-23 | Telekommunikationssystem. |
ES90850077T ES2040692T3 (es) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-02-23 | Sistema de telecomunicaciones. |
BR909000974A BR9000974A (pt) | 1989-03-02 | 1990-03-02 | Sistema de telecomunicacao |
GR930300088T GR930300088T1 (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1993-09-30 | Telecommunication system. |
US08/245,606 USRE35740E (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1994-05-19 | Telecommunication system |
GR950402837T GR3017738T3 (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1995-10-16 | Telecommunication system. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL8946189A IL89461A (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1989-03-02 | Telephone communication compression system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IL89461A0 IL89461A0 (en) | 1989-09-10 |
IL89461A true IL89461A (en) | 1994-06-24 |
Family
ID=11059738
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IL8946189A IL89461A (en) | 1989-03-02 | 1989-03-02 | Telephone communication compression system |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5117453A (el) |
EP (1) | EP0529104B1 (el) |
JP (1) | JP2847167B2 (el) |
AT (1) | ATE125406T1 (el) |
BR (1) | BR9000974A (el) |
DE (2) | DE529104T1 (el) |
DK (1) | DK0529104T3 (el) |
ES (1) | ES2040692T3 (el) |
GR (2) | GR930300088T1 (el) |
IL (1) | IL89461A (el) |
Families Citing this family (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0474172A3 (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1993-03-03 | Teletron Ltd. | Telephone line monitoring apparatus and method |
US5307174A (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1994-04-26 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | High efficiency facsimile transmission apparatus |
JP2771369B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-24 | 1998-07-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | 音声符号化復号化装置 |
US5490199A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1996-02-06 | At&T Corp. | Non-intrusive network-based analysis of facsimile transmissions |
JP2760217B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-01 | 1998-05-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ディジタル回線多重化伝送装置 |
FI92894C (fi) * | 1992-08-17 | 1995-01-10 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Järjestely datansiirron tehostamiseksi digitaalisessa solukkoradioverkossa |
US5410416A (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1995-04-25 | At&T Corp. | Simultaneous multi-access, low-speed/high-speed, multi-delivery fax gateway |
US5404394A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1995-04-04 | Comsat Corporation | Secure communication system |
GB2294614B (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1999-07-14 | Int Maritime Satellite Organiz | Communication method and apparatus |
US5533004A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-07-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for providing and selecting amongst multiple data rates in a time division multiplexed system |
CA2205023C (en) | 1994-11-11 | 2000-02-29 | Istvan Sebestyen | Method and system for transmitting facsimile-coded data between communications terminals with multimedia capability |
SE504010C2 (sv) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-10-14 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Förfarande och anordning för prediktiv kodning av tal- och datasignaler |
JP3199648B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-19 | 2001-08-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 信号識別器及び音声周波数帯域内信号伝送装置及び信号識別方法 |
US5892816A (en) | 1996-11-15 | 1999-04-06 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for detecting facsimile transmission |
US6434169B1 (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2002-08-13 | Alcatel Canada Inc. | Voiceband/modem signal relay |
US6426959B1 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2002-07-30 | Innovative Communications Technologies, Inc. | System and method for facilitating component management in a multiple vendor satellite communications network |
US6381250B1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2002-04-30 | Innovative Communications Technologies, Inc. | Capacity allocation system using semi-autonomous network elements to implement and control a transmission schedule |
JPH11289445A (ja) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | ファクシミリ信号中継伝送方式 |
US6453473B1 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 2002-09-17 | John C. Watson, Jr. | Access device and system for managing television and data communications through a cable television network |
IL127698A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-11-10 | Eci Telecom Ltd | Device, system and method for signal compression in a telecommunication network |
US6075847A (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 2000-06-13 | Qualcomm Inc. | Method and apparatus for detection of fax calls |
JP3531526B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-13 | 2004-05-31 | 日本電気株式会社 | 通信システム |
IL130711A0 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2000-06-01 | Eci Telecom Ltd | Telecommunication system and a method for using same |
BR0107463A (pt) * | 2000-01-06 | 2004-11-03 | Qualcomm Inc | Método e sistema para determinar de forma transparente as opções e serviço de chamada |
JP3761795B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-10 | 2006-03-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ディジタル回線多重化装置 |
JP2001318693A (ja) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 伝送装置および伝送方法 |
IL136775A0 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-14 | Surf Comm Solutions Ltd | Modem relay over packet based network |
DE60131279T2 (de) * | 2000-05-21 | 2008-09-04 | Surf Communication Solutions, Ltd. | Modem-relais über einen paketbasierten netzwerk |
AU2000246083A1 (en) | 2000-05-21 | 2001-12-03 | Surf Communication Solutions, Ltd. | Back-to-back modem repeater |
IL142379A0 (en) * | 2000-05-21 | 2002-03-10 | Surf Comm Solutions Ltd | Modem relay over packet based network |
WO2001091441A1 (en) | 2000-05-21 | 2001-11-29 | Surf Communication Solutions, Ltd. | Modem relay over packet based network |
US7221684B1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2007-05-22 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Increasing network efficiency using packet compression and decompression |
US20040179555A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for compressing data in a communications environment |
US7733793B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2010-06-08 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for suppressing silence data in a network environment |
US20060182131A1 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-08-17 | L-3 Communications Corporation | Gateway interface control |
Family Cites Families (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1159166A (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1983-12-20 | Joshua Piasecki | Time assignment speech interpolation apparatus |
US4352957A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1982-10-05 | Storage Technology Corporation | Speech detector circuit with associated gain control for a tasi system |
JPS61121634A (ja) * | 1984-11-19 | 1986-06-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | 画像切替方式 |
US4691347A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1987-09-01 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Method and apparatus for controlling a conference |
JPS61198941A (ja) * | 1985-02-28 | 1986-09-03 | Fujitsu Ltd | 転送速度可変形音声デ−タ多重方式 |
IL74965A (en) * | 1985-04-17 | 1990-07-12 | Israel Electronics Corp | Combination tasi and adpcm apparatus |
US4763317A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1988-08-09 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Digital communication network architecture for providing universal information services |
JP2528824B2 (ja) * | 1985-12-18 | 1996-08-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 音声・デ―タ複合通信方法 |
US4704716A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-11-03 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Method and apparatus for establishing a wideband communication facility through a communication network having narrow bandwidth channels |
US4774496A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1988-09-27 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Digital encoder and decoder synchronization in the presence of data dropouts |
US4703477A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-10-27 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company At&T Bell Laboratories | Packet information field data format |
US4894823A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1990-01-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Time stamping for packet system nodes |
US4726019A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1988-02-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Digital encoder and decoder synchronization in the presence of late arriving packets |
US4748620A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1988-05-31 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Time stamp and packet virtual sequence numbering for reconstructing information signals from packets |
US4780884A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1988-10-25 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Suppressed double-sideband communication system |
JPS62230130A (ja) * | 1986-03-31 | 1987-10-08 | Toshiba Corp | 時分割多重伝送方式 |
US4769833A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1988-09-06 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Wideband switching system |
US4730345A (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1988-03-08 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Vestigial sideband signal decoder |
US4759037A (en) * | 1986-04-28 | 1988-07-19 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Passband equalization of modulated quadrature-related carrier signals |
NL8601395A (nl) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-16 | At & T & Philips Telecomm | Gelijkspanningsomzetter met overbelastingbeveiliging. |
US4837798A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1989-06-06 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Communication system having unified messaging |
JP2521916B2 (ja) * | 1986-07-18 | 1996-08-07 | 日本電気株式会社 | 音声符号化装置 |
US4736389A (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1988-04-05 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Technique for synthesizing the modulation of a time varying waveform with a data signal |
US4763019A (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1988-08-09 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Apparatus comprising harmonic generation means |
JPS6393238A (ja) * | 1986-10-07 | 1988-04-23 | Nec Corp | 電子交換機 |
US4759039A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-07-19 | American Telephone & Telegraph Company | Simplified recovery of data signals from quadrature-related carrier signals |
US4726043A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-02-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Data decision-directed timing and carrier recovery circuits |
JP2584447B2 (ja) * | 1987-03-25 | 1997-02-26 | 富士通株式会社 | 時分割多重化装置 |
US4790003A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-12-06 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Information Systems | Message service system network |
JPH0831935B2 (ja) * | 1987-09-21 | 1996-03-27 | 国際電信電話株式会社 | ファクシミリ通信方法 |
JPS6481442A (en) * | 1987-09-22 | 1989-03-27 | Nec Corp | Variable band compression and connection system |
US4864612A (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1989-09-05 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Method of avoiding accidental actuation of maintenance equipment in a communications network |
US4805208A (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-02-14 | Niravoice, Inc. | Modem compression system for telephone network |
US4870497A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-09-26 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Progressive transmission of high resolution two-tone facsimile images |
US4916691A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-04-10 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Telecommunications switching system |
US4894633A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-01-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Fuse Apparatus |
US4922348B1 (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1994-10-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Facsimile service |
-
1989
- 1989-03-02 IL IL8946189A patent/IL89461A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-18 US US07/451,748 patent/US5117453A/en not_active Ceased
-
1990
- 1990-02-09 JP JP2031349A patent/JP2847167B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-02-23 DK DK90850077.0T patent/DK0529104T3/da active
- 1990-02-23 ES ES90850077T patent/ES2040692T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-23 DE DE199090850077T patent/DE529104T1/de active Pending
- 1990-02-23 AT AT90850077T patent/ATE125406T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-23 EP EP90850077A patent/EP0529104B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-23 DE DE69021083T patent/DE69021083T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-02 BR BR909000974A patent/BR9000974A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-09-30 GR GR930300088T patent/GR930300088T1/el unknown
-
1994
- 1994-05-19 US US08/245,606 patent/USRE35740E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-10-16 GR GR950402837T patent/GR3017738T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2040692T3 (es) | 1995-11-16 |
DE529104T1 (de) | 1993-09-02 |
EP0529104A2 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
ES2040692T1 (es) | 1993-11-01 |
GR930300088T1 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
ATE125406T1 (de) | 1995-08-15 |
USRE35740E (en) | 1998-03-03 |
GR3017738T3 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
DK0529104T3 (da) | 1995-09-18 |
DE69021083T2 (de) | 1996-02-22 |
BR9000974A (pt) | 1991-02-19 |
EP0529104A3 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
JPH03121665A (ja) | 1991-05-23 |
EP0529104B1 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
US5117453A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
JP2847167B2 (ja) | 1999-01-13 |
IL89461A0 (en) | 1989-09-10 |
DE69021083D1 (de) | 1995-08-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5117453A (en) | Telecommunication system | |
US5761204A (en) | Method and apparatus of providing time sensitive messages over a variable delay channel | |
JPH05122414A (ja) | 音声符号化復号化装置 | |
JPH08501676A (ja) | 通信ネットワークにおいて情報を伝達する装置および方法 | |
GB2294614A (en) | Communication method and apparatus for providing data communication in addition to voice | |
EP0217722B1 (en) | Combination tasi and adpcm apparatus | |
CA2227273C (en) | Transmission of data on multirate networks | |
EP0508597B1 (en) | ADPCM transcoder wherein different bit numbers are used in code conversion | |
HU217142B (hu) | Eljárás adatok, elsősorban GSM-adatok átvitelére | |
KR100246991B1 (ko) | 이동 위성 통신용 그룹 3 팩시밀리 통신 시스템 | |
US5493610A (en) | Circuit multiple transmission system | |
KR100197898B1 (ko) | 비동기식 전송모드 사설망의 음성전화 서비스장치 | |
US20020015415A1 (en) | Transmission apparatus capable of transmitting high speed modem signal | |
US6307865B1 (en) | Radio communication method and radio communication system between base station and mobile station | |
US6512790B1 (en) | Method, system and apparatus for transmitting coded telecommunication signals | |
US6701139B1 (en) | Code converter and a system using same | |
EP1264452B1 (en) | Handling different types of telecommunication signals | |
JPS61128642A (ja) | 複合メデイア通信方式 | |
US20030154303A1 (en) | Digital circuit multiplexing device | |
JP3197118B2 (ja) | 画像伝送装置 | |
GB2262684A (en) | Facsimile transcoder | |
JPH0530224A (ja) | 多重化装置 | |
JPS585622B2 (ja) | 高速ファクシミリ通信網 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
KB | Patent renewed | ||
HS | Change of address for service | ||
KB | Patent renewed | ||
MM9K | Patent not in force due to non-payment of renewal fees | ||
KB | Patent renewed |