IL130595A - Water treatment - Google Patents

Water treatment

Info

Publication number
IL130595A
IL130595A IL13059598A IL13059598A IL130595A IL 130595 A IL130595 A IL 130595A IL 13059598 A IL13059598 A IL 13059598A IL 13059598 A IL13059598 A IL 13059598A IL 130595 A IL130595 A IL 130595A
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
water
coils
salt retention
casing
cartridge
Prior art date
Application number
IL13059598A
Other languages
English (en)
Hebrew (he)
Other versions
IL130595A0 (en
Original Assignee
Garfield Int Invest Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Garfield Int Invest Ltd filed Critical Garfield Int Invest Ltd
Publication of IL130595A0 publication Critical patent/IL130595A0/xx
Publication of IL130595A publication Critical patent/IL130595A/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/484—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using electromagnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/24—Magnetic effects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/48—Devices for applying magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F2201/483—Devices for applying magnetic or electric fields using coils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/141—Wind power

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
IL13059598A 1997-01-09 1998-01-09 Water treatment IL130595A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA97187 1997-01-09
PCT/GB1998/000054 WO1998030501A2 (en) 1997-01-09 1998-01-09 Treatment of water by reverse osmosis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL130595A0 IL130595A0 (en) 2000-06-01
IL130595A true IL130595A (en) 2004-05-12

Family

ID=58232800

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL13059598A IL130595A (en) 1997-01-09 1998-01-09 Water treatment

Country Status (44)

Country Link
US (1) US6217773B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0951447B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4307560B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100500038B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1136949C (de)
AP (1) AP1097A (de)
AR (1) AR011065A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE301617T1 (de)
AU (1) AU5565898A (de)
BG (1) BG63749B1 (de)
BR (1) BR9807069A (de)
CA (1) CA2276599C (de)
CO (1) CO4930300A1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ294354B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69831134T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0951447T3 (de)
DZ (1) DZ2396A1 (de)
EA (1) EA002929B1 (de)
EE (1) EE04663B1 (de)
EG (1) EG21382A (de)
ES (1) ES2247672T3 (de)
GB (1) GB2335153B (de)
GE (1) GEP20022837B (de)
HU (1) HU225090B1 (de)
ID (1) ID22664A (de)
IL (1) IL130595A (de)
IS (1) IS2252B (de)
JO (1) JO2000B1 (de)
MA (1) MA26028A1 (de)
MY (1) MY130462A (de)
NO (1) NO319568B1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ336423A (de)
OA (1) OA11075A (de)
PA (1) PA8460401A1 (de)
PE (1) PE72099A1 (de)
PL (1) PL191281B1 (de)
SA (1) SA98180897B1 (de)
SK (1) SK284615B6 (de)
TN (1) TNSN98006A1 (de)
TR (1) TR199901965T2 (de)
TW (1) TW460417B (de)
UA (1) UA52717C2 (de)
WO (1) WO1998030501A2 (de)
ZA (1) ZA98178B (de)

Families Citing this family (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997021630A1 (en) * 1995-12-13 1997-06-19 Garfield International Investments Limited Water desalination
CO5241319A1 (es) * 1999-03-29 2003-01-31 Garfield Int Invest Ltd Cartuchos de osmosis invertida y membranas de osmosis invertida
ES2231310T3 (es) * 1999-11-23 2005-05-16 Dietrich Reichwein Procedimiento y dispositivo para el tratamiento de liquidos.
US6783687B2 (en) 2002-02-13 2004-08-31 Gordon L. Richard Method and apparatus for separating ions from a fluid stream
US6852219B2 (en) * 2002-07-22 2005-02-08 John M. Hammond Fluid separation and delivery apparatus and method
AU2003268467A1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-29 Biolab, Inc. Disinfection of reverse osmosis membrane
US20050056579A1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2005-03-17 Hodgson John Andrew Water magnetizer
US6971409B2 (en) 2003-05-07 2005-12-06 Dietrich Reichwein Method and apparatus for the treatment of fluids
US7632410B2 (en) * 2003-08-21 2009-12-15 Christopher Heiss Universal water purification system
WO2005119007A1 (en) 2004-05-28 2005-12-15 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited Desalination method
CN1303003C (zh) * 2004-10-28 2007-03-07 王建中 反渗透海水淡化脉冲电磁场预处理方法
DE102004062535A1 (de) * 2004-12-24 2006-07-06 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Semipermeables Membransystem für magnetische Partikelfraktionen
CN100396365C (zh) * 2005-01-21 2008-06-25 赵仁兴 一种改善人工合成固膜分离性能的方法
CN1312052C (zh) * 2005-03-04 2007-04-25 北京众博达石油科技有限公司 微耗智能广谱电子除垢防垢方法
WO2006105555A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 Grahamtek Technologies Singapore Pte Ltd Manufacture of membranes for desalination and filtration
CN101151089A (zh) * 2005-03-29 2008-03-26 格拉哈姆泰克技术新加坡私人有限公司 用于淡化和过滤的膜的制造
GB2431154B (en) * 2005-10-15 2011-05-18 Daniel Stefanini Purification treatment of water
US7470349B1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2008-12-30 Joel Miller Pressure desalination
KR100840512B1 (ko) 2006-07-10 2008-06-23 서희동 해수나 해양 심층수를 농업용수로 처리하는 방법
US8119008B2 (en) 2006-07-10 2012-02-21 Christopher Heiss Fluid purification methods and devices
NL1032346C2 (nl) * 2006-08-18 2008-02-19 Vitens N V Werkwijze voor het scheiden van bestanddelen uit een vloeistof.
WO2009009465A1 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Christopher William Heiss Electrocoagulation reactor and water treatment system and method
US20110120870A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2011-05-26 Eric John Kruger Method and apparatus for treating a fluid
US8187444B2 (en) * 2007-08-10 2012-05-29 Eric John Kruger Fluid treatment device
JP2012501233A (ja) 2008-08-28 2012-01-19 ミクロリン・エルエルシー 有益薬剤を一定速度で送出するための装置および方法
US20110192179A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Freije Iii William F Evaporative heat transfer system and method
US9475709B2 (en) 2010-08-25 2016-10-25 Lockheed Martin Corporation Perforated graphene deionization or desalination
RU2495496C2 (ru) * 2011-02-24 2013-10-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Системы и технологии" Автомат для розничной продажи воды
US9028663B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2015-05-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Molecular separation device
US20130277305A1 (en) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Lockheed Martin Corporation Selectively perforated graphene membranes for compound harvest, capture and retention
US9610546B2 (en) 2014-03-12 2017-04-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Separation membranes formed from perforated graphene and methods for use thereof
US10653824B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2020-05-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Two-dimensional materials and uses thereof
US9744617B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2017-08-29 Lockheed Martin Corporation Methods for perforating multi-layer graphene through ion bombardment
US9834809B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2017-12-05 Lockheed Martin Corporation Syringe for obtaining nano-sized materials for selective assays and related methods of use
WO2013187979A1 (en) 2012-06-11 2013-12-19 Siemens Water Technologies Llc Treatment using fixed film processes and ballasted settling
US9651523B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2017-05-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc System for measuring the concentration of magnetic ballast in a slurry
US9592475B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-03-14 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method for forming perforated graphene with uniform aperture size
AU2014203279B2 (en) * 2013-06-19 2019-01-24 Hydrosmart A Liquid Treatment Device
US9572918B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2017-02-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Graphene-based filter for isolating a substance from blood
CA2938273A1 (en) 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Peter V. Bedworth Perforating two-dimensional materials using broad ion field
JP2017507044A (ja) 2014-01-31 2017-03-16 ロッキード マーティン コーポレイションＬｏｃｋｈｅｅｄ Ｍａｒｔｉｎ Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ 多孔性非犠牲支持層を用いた二次元材料とのコンポジット構造を形成するための方法
JP2017512129A (ja) 2014-03-12 2017-05-18 ロッキード・マーチン・コーポレーション 有孔グラフェンから形成された分離膜
CN103880120B (zh) * 2014-03-28 2015-12-02 张英华 低、高纯度旋转磁场与水泵式反渗透海水淡化装置
KR20170095804A (ko) 2014-09-02 2017-08-23 록히드 마틴 코포레이션 이차원 막 소재에 기반을 둔 혈액 투석 및 혈액 여과 막과 이를 이용하는 방법
WO2016171629A1 (en) * 2015-04-24 2016-10-27 Nanyang Technological University Method and apparatus for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system
AU2016303048A1 (en) 2015-08-05 2018-03-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation Perforatable sheets of graphene-based material
MX2018001559A (es) 2015-08-06 2018-09-27 Lockheed Corp Modificacion de nanoparticula y perforacion de grafeno.
JP2019511451A (ja) 2016-04-14 2019-04-25 ロッキード・マーチン・コーポレーション 浮遊法を用いてグラフェンシートを大判転写用に処理する方法
WO2017180135A1 (en) 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Membranes with tunable selectivity
WO2017180134A1 (en) 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Methods for in vivo and in vitro use of graphene and other two-dimensional materials
JP2019517909A (ja) 2016-04-14 2019-06-27 ロッキード・マーチン・コーポレーション 流路を有する二次元膜構造体
KR20180133430A (ko) 2016-04-14 2018-12-14 록히드 마틴 코포레이션 결함 형성 또는 힐링의 인 시츄 모니터링 및 제어를 위한 방법
KR20190018411A (ko) 2016-04-14 2019-02-22 록히드 마틴 코포레이션 그래핀 결함의 선택적 계면 완화
US11376552B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2022-07-05 Aqua Membranes Inc. Permeate flow paterns
WO2018094287A1 (en) 2016-11-19 2018-05-24 Aqua Membranes Llc Interfernce patterns for spiral-wound elements
CN110461445B (zh) 2017-04-12 2022-10-21 阿夸曼布拉尼斯公司 用于卷绕式过滤元件的分级间隔件
US11745143B2 (en) 2017-04-20 2023-09-05 Aqua Membranes, Inc. Mixing-promoting spacer patterns for spiral-wound elements
WO2018194911A1 (en) 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Aqua Membranes Llc Non-nesting, non-deforming patterns for spiral-wound elements
KR102513191B1 (ko) 2017-10-13 2023-03-22 아쿠아 멤브레인스 인코포레이티드 나선형 권취 요소를 위한 가교 지지체 및 축소된 공급물 스페이서
US10899638B2 (en) * 2018-01-31 2021-01-26 Organocat, LLC Method and system for water electromagnetic activation and active metals generation
WO2021207256A1 (en) 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 Aqua Membranes Inc. Independent spacers and methods
CN113092673B (zh) * 2021-03-30 2022-11-01 惠州晟泽新材料有限公司 一种多功能膜分离实验设备

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990968A (en) * 1971-08-19 1976-11-09 Desares Stiftung Fur Forderung Der Forschung Zur Entsalzung Des Wassers Means for increasing the flow across a reverse osmosis membrane using an alternating electric field
JPS5217232B2 (de) * 1972-02-23 1977-05-13
AT346252B (de) * 1976-11-23 1978-11-10 Mach Guido Verfahren zum entsalzen von wasser und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens
JPS58159810A (ja) * 1982-03-18 1983-09-22 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 溶液分離管
JPS6091214U (ja) * 1983-11-24 1985-06-22 株式会社日立製作所 磁気分離装置
JPS60189917A (ja) * 1984-03-09 1985-09-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ボイスコイルの製造方法
JPS61118104A (ja) * 1984-10-22 1986-06-05 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 液体分離装置
RU1789253C (ru) * 1987-12-14 1993-01-23 Институт "Союзгипроводхоз" Мембранна чейка
US4865747A (en) * 1988-01-27 1989-09-12 Aqua-D Corp. Electromagnetic fluid treating device and method
US5224922A (en) * 1988-05-19 1993-07-06 Kurtz Warren H Quasistatic biological cell and tissue modifier
EP0406622B1 (de) * 1989-07-04 1993-09-01 Elfriede Schulze Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von Kesselstein bzw. zur Verhütung der Bildung von Kesselstein
DE3938245A1 (de) * 1989-11-17 1991-05-23 Erwin Lotze Filtervorrichtung mit magnetisch aktivierbarem filtermaterial
JPH0549029U (ja) * 1991-12-09 1993-06-29 水道機工株式会社 透過膜によるろ過装置
JPH05220485A (ja) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-31 Maekawa Seisakusho:Kk 高周波誘導電磁場を用いた水処理方法
GB2294416A (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-05-01 Michael Ashton Liquid dispensing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EE04663B1 (et) 2006-08-15
IS5096A (is) 1999-06-29
EE9900276A (et) 1999-12-15
PA8460401A1 (es) 2001-04-30
CZ9902441A3 (cs) 2000-11-15
EA002929B1 (ru) 2002-10-31
AR011065A1 (es) 2000-08-02
TNSN98006A1 (fr) 2000-12-29
CO4930300A1 (es) 2000-06-27
IS2252B (is) 2007-06-15
GB2335153B (en) 2000-11-29
AU5565898A (en) 1998-08-03
HUP0000959A3 (en) 2001-07-30
OA11075A (en) 2003-03-17
SK284615B6 (sk) 2005-07-01
PE72099A1 (es) 1999-08-05
GB9914704D0 (en) 1999-08-25
ATE301617T1 (de) 2005-08-15
GB2335153A (en) 1999-09-15
SK92499A3 (en) 2000-01-18
EP0951447A2 (de) 1999-10-27
AP9901591A0 (en) 1999-06-30
AP1097A (en) 2002-08-26
JP4307560B2 (ja) 2009-08-05
TR199901965T2 (xx) 1999-12-21
ZA98178B (en) 1998-07-31
WO1998030501A2 (en) 1998-07-16
PL334488A1 (en) 2000-02-28
BG63749B1 (bg) 2002-11-29
MY130462A (en) 2007-06-29
EA199900574A1 (ru) 1999-12-29
HU225090B1 (en) 2006-06-28
DE69831134T2 (de) 2006-06-08
CN1243454A (zh) 2000-02-02
GEP20022837B (en) 2002-11-25
PL191281B1 (pl) 2006-04-28
NO319568B1 (no) 2005-08-29
GB2335153A8 (en) 1999-10-08
CZ294354B6 (cs) 2004-12-15
TW460417B (en) 2001-10-21
DZ2396A1 (fr) 2003-06-04
EP0951447B1 (de) 2005-08-10
WO1998030501A3 (en) 1998-09-11
ID22664A (id) 1999-12-02
HUP0000959A1 (hu) 2000-08-28
SA98180897B1 (ar) 2006-04-22
NO993397D0 (no) 1999-07-09
ES2247672T3 (es) 2006-03-01
JP2001518005A (ja) 2001-10-09
DE69831134D1 (de) 2005-09-15
EG21382A (en) 2001-09-30
CA2276599A1 (en) 1998-07-16
JO2000B1 (en) 1999-05-15
BG103272A (en) 1999-09-30
IL130595A0 (en) 2000-06-01
NO993397L (no) 1999-07-09
NZ336423A (en) 2001-04-27
UA52717C2 (uk) 2003-01-15
BR9807069A (pt) 2000-05-02
CN1136949C (zh) 2004-02-04
CA2276599C (en) 2005-08-23
KR100500038B1 (ko) 2005-07-07
DK0951447T3 (da) 2005-12-12
MA26028A1 (fr) 2004-04-01
KR20000070036A (ko) 2000-11-25
US6217773B1 (en) 2001-04-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AP1097A (en) Treatment of water by reverse osmosis.
US4293419A (en) Hollow fiber membrane separation apparatus
US5112483A (en) Slow sand/nanofiltration water treatment system
EP0055839A1 (de) Hohlfasermembran-Trennvorrichtung für Fluide
US7481927B2 (en) Manufacture of casings for use in the desalination of water and the filtration of liquids
US5234583A (en) Semi-permeable membrane filtering systems for swimming pools
EP1943192B1 (de) Wasserreinigungsverfahren und anlage zur erzeugung einer bipolaren schicht
TW201638021A (zh) 萃取水之深度暴露薄膜
AU780098B2 (en) Treatment of water
TH35492A (th) เครื่องขจัดเกลือ

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FF Patent granted
KB Patent renewed
KB Patent renewed
KB Patent renewed
MM9K Patent not in force due to non-payment of renewal fees