HUT62966A - Residential building with at least four residential units and module residential unit for carrying out same - Google Patents

Abstract

Residential building with at least four living units arranged in at least two residential storeys, in which the complete living units (WE) are in each case designed as statically homologated modular or sectional building elements (MSB) permitted for construction of residential buildings and are combined to form a uniform building structure with self-contained modular or sectional building elements (MSB) equipped with all the installations, domestic components and accessories intended and required for direct use, said building elements having at least two mutually opposite outer walls provided with windows, and two adjacent side walls on either side, at least one of which is designed without windows and for connection to an adjoining modular or sectional building element (MSB), and being provided with at least one ceiling or floor slab to which at least one further modular or sectional building element (MSB) can be connected on one or both sides or vertically above or below, and it being possible to mount upon the uppermost modular or sectional building elements (MSB) thereof in each case a modular or sectional roof building element which corresponds to its connecting dimension and has a gable, penthouse or flat roof. <IMAGE>

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a residential building with at least four residential units arranged on at least two residential floors, and a statically tested module approved for residential building construction. The invention further relates to a module housing unit suitable for the implementation of a residential building.

Residential buildings constructed of modular units having unitary or similar floor plans and having identical fixtures and fittings are known.

For example, DE 36 19 257 discloses a residential building which has four residential units arranged on two floors. The flats are arranged above each other so that they are separated from each other, and the first two flats have garages that are connected to the corresponding lower and upper flats and are positioned relative to one another with their house walls facing each other and their entrances facing each other. Unlike common dwellings, garages are in direct contact with their associated units, which provides increased security.

In his publication in Krusnik + Reith Bauwelt (No. 1, 1976, p. 315), he describes residential buildings with at least four dwellings, with at least two dwellings and statically.

-3 - appropriate modules are constructed as dwelling units located on both sides around the staircase and elevator shaft in the central area of the dwelling plan, between the pillars arranged around the building's outer boundaries, and hollow pillars are laid in the base area to serve as common wires and cables.

The disadvantage of the above-mentioned residential building is that the residential units are not changeable in terms of their floor space and their division, and due to the pillars and cable and cable shafts and the staircase and elevator shaft, very small areas are available for the residential units themselves.

DE-2719953 discloses a residential building in which prefabricated stairwells and elevator shafts in a frame made of vertical steel columns or reinforced concrete pillars and horizontal connecting members, as well as prefabricated movable blocks can be arranged or arranged.

This solution also suffers from the above disadvantage, namely that the block units do not provide sufficient space (floor space) for a variable dwelling since they all have the same floor space.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of the known solutions, and to provide a residential building that allows the conversion of residential units within wide limits.

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A residential building designed to accomplish this object has at least four residential units arranged on at least two residential floors and is a statically tested module approved for the construction of residential buildings. The essence of the invention is that

(a) Module housing units shall be self-contained modules with all fittings, components and accessories required for direct use which:

(b) have at least two opposite external walls with windows and side walls adjoining them on both sides,

(c) at least one of the side walls is without a window and one adjacent module can be fitted to a housing unit; and

(d) the module housing units have a baseplate and a slab which can be fitted to one or two sides of the module housing and to adjacent modules at the bottom and / or top; and

(f) the module housing of the topmost arrangement shall be designed to fit into a gable, semi-gable or flat roof module unit of dimensions.

In the building structure according to the invention, the module housing units, which are not prefabricated elements, can be freely scaled, there is no restriction in terms of floor space and space. It is a basic requirement that the module housing units connected to the common staircase have a staircase protruding on the opposite side of the stairwell.

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Known residential buildings similar to the residential building of the present invention and their subdivision require the use of non-prefabricated modules or divisions to make detailed blueprints which include the technical equipment and fittings to be installed or installed in the premises by various skilled craftsmen. Such detailed blueprints include the necessary dimensioning data, size and material designations, details of the interior construction, the required static strength data, the coverings of the concrete surface elements, etc. extremely expensive. The existing system of custom requirements, which already existed at the time of the design and execution of the instructions, creates further difficulties during construction and complicates construction.

Due to the detailed layout concept of the individual living and working rooms, as well as the traffic and toilets, as well as their individual design, an orderly and scheduled sequence of different operations and workflows is not feasible since the timing and spatial alignment of different craftsmen Because of this, longer or shorter idle times and forced breaks occur during construction, since the start and execution of a significant portion of workflows depends on the status of several other workflows. There are also delays in the transport of materials and in the construction (and / or installation) of materials, fittings, mounting materials and other accessories, equipment, appliances, etc. delivery and preparation delays.

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In view of the foregoing, the inventors have developed the concept of a residential building according to the invention to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and drawbacks. It is particularly advantageous for the purpose of the present invention that in the residential building according to the invention, the module housing units have partitions with appropriate door openings for all rooms, all necessary fittings, heating and ventilation equipment, water and power lines, switchgear, kitchens and other fixtures. They have fitted windows, balcony railings, drainage and staircase connection.

As a result of such separation and self-sealing of the module units, the residential building of the present invention can be made from the base (or basement slab) to the slab in the least possible time, while different module unit types can be selected and mutually arranged. The residential building according to the invention can be constructed from module units of the same or different sizes and subdivisions, and this variable feature also allows the residential building itself to be adapted to different building plans, street and terrain conditions.

Thus, an essential element of the invention is a module housing unit, which according to the invention has a rectangular baseline, and has at least two external walls with windows and supporting sidewalls connecting them, in one of the side walls, · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

-7, in which there is an apartment entrance, a half-staircase-sized stairway cavity is provided, wherein the staircase has an entrance stairway and a staircase stairway in front of the apartment entrance, between which are provided hanging stairway prefabricated stairways.

An essential feature of this housing design is that half of the staircase, cut in a vertical plane, fits on one of the side walls of the module housing. This half staircase is complemented by a half staircase that is fitted to the opposite side wall of the adjacent module housing unit. The upper and lower staircases connecting the entrance and interstellar staircases of the staircase are prefabricated, suspended elements.

The above staircase design can be substantially simplified according to the invention by having the proposed module housing units having mirror-symmetrical right and left versions, which can be joined with their staircase sides so that the right and left versions of the staircase complement each other. and intercommunication staircases, which are connected by suspended top and bottom rungs.

The module housing units in pairs, due to the mirror-symmetrical design, allows to mirror-symmetrically flats with the same floor space and layout, so that the flats share a common staircase. At the same time, it is possible to have two flats of different sizes in one pair of housing units with their side walls, closing a common staircase.

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-8To ensure trouble-free arrangement of each module housing unit, mirror-symmetrical variants of a particular module housing unit preferably have a plurality of connection points or connection means with their vertical axis lines.

It is also preferred that the module corresponds to a fixed raster structure in the vertical dimensions of the outer and inner retaining walls of the housing units, the module depth and module width of which are defined by a plurality of uniformly fixed contour configurations.

With this design, the module housing units can be easily and accurately mapped to each other - matched above and next to each other.

In this context, it is further preferred that the module width of each fixed contour configuration is different according to the fixed raster structure according to the different floor areas of the module housing units. Within the fixed raster structure, with the uniform arrangement of the staircase halves, the possibility of individual housing arrangement is maintained, thus avoiding the uniformity of the individual housing units of the module.

Residential buildings constructed according to the principles of the present invention can vary widely in width and height. Arrangements where mirror-symmetrically matched module housing pairs are located two to five storeys above each other are preferred. Of course, taller residential buildings can be realized, but this requires the use of lifting equipment from outside the common staircases • ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ··· ·· · »· ··

-9Connect.

In the horizontal direction, a practically unlimited number of module housing units can be fitted together. Advantageously, the adjacent module dwellings are aligned so that the stairway curbs of their side walls complement each other to define the common stairwell area of the adjacent module dwellings.

Preferably, pairs of module housing units having an overlapping floor area are located one above the other.

The residential building and module housing units according to the present invention are preferably designed to have a standard module depth of 8.0-16.0 meters and a standard module width of 4.0-16.0 meters within a given raster structure.

With the proposed dimensioning above, it is possible to create pairs or groups of modules connected to each other from units of different module depths and / or module widths. It is also possible with the present invention to provide a structured facade of a building.

In a basic embodiment of the invention, the module housing has two parallel side windows without windows.

In a further embodiment, the module housing unit has two parallel side walls, one of which is adjacent to the housing unit without a window and is designed as a side wall and the other as a front wall with windows.

Side windows without windows are 22.5 °, 30 ° or with each other

They are placed at an angle of 60 °.

Module housing units as above mirrored · · ♦ w 4 • 4 · 4 · «· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·bar ·

By arranging -10x in symmetrical pairs, the construction according to the invention provides a favorable angle installation. For example, corner modules with a 45 ° aperture angle may be used, or a pair of housing units with a 22.5 ° aperture angle may be combined. Such an arrangement can, for example, be implemented at different intersections at different intersections with different angular configurations at the intersections.

In a more sophisticated version of the module housing unit of the present invention, the exterior wall with windows, which terminate at an angle to the side walls, has two exterior wall sections which form an angle to the adjacent side wall.

The exterior wall of the residential unit of the module according to the invention can, if desired, be fitted with a balcony door.

The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing. In the drawing:

Figure 1 shows an example of a residential building according to the invention consisting of 12 residential units; an embodiment thereof is shown in perspective view;

Figures 2a and 2b are perspective views of mirror-symmetrical versions of a type A module housing according to the invention;

Figures 3a and 3b are mirror symmetrical versions of a housing type B module according to the invention;

Figures 4a and 4b are mirror symmetrical versions of a housing type C of the module according to the invention;

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Figures 11a-4a 'and 4b' are floor plans of module housing units according to Figures 4a and 4b, respectively;

Figures 5a and 5b are mirror-symmetrical versions of the housing type D of the module according to the invention, in perspective view;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a housing type G module according to the invention.

The exemplary residential building shown in Figure 1 has three floors with Type A module units at both ends, between which are Type D and Type B module units. At one end of the residential building is the right-hand version of the Type A module housing, and at the other end is the left-hand version of the mirror symmetrical design. Module housing units of the same type are arranged on top of each other on three levels of the residential building.

In terms of the layout, it can be seen that the right version of the Type A module housing unit has the Type D module housing unit and the left version the Type B module housing unit. In the center, type B and D module housing units are assembled. A staircase is located between the A and D and A and B module units so that the imaginary extension of the adjacent side walls of the adjacent module units is the vertical half-plane of the staircase.

It can be seen from Figure 1 that in a residential building according to the invention, different types of module units can be arranged side-by-side, that is, with different floor areas and different positions,

-12 really easy. Due to the construction of the present invention, it is also obviously possible to construct a dwelling house in a row-like manner so that the two pairs of module housing units with common stairways are laterally offset to each other so that the respective housing arrangement of the module housing pairs knows the possible oblique or curved line of the street or road section as shown in Figure 1.

Figures 2a and 2b show a type A module housing unit to the right and left respectively. As shown in the figures, the right and left versions are mirror-symmetric to each other. The Type A Module units consist of 1 entrance hall, including 2 living rooms, 3 kitchens, 4 lounges, 5 toilets, 6 bathrooms and 7 walkways, plus 8 bedrooms, 9 children's rooms and 10 bedrooms. The 8 and 10 bedrooms have 11 corner windows and the 9 children's rooms have 12 balcony corner windows. The module housing AW's exterior walls are formed with a front side recess from which the BP balcony base plate protrudes. The BP balcony base plate is a structure connected to the base unit BO base plate of the module. The BP balcony basement has access to TBT balcony doors from the 2 living rooms and 10 bedrooms.

Depending on the size of the module's living space, the depth is indicated by the BT arrow and the width by the BB arrow.

The SW side of the module dwelling unit is provided with an AS stairway duct starting near the WT dwelling entrance. The AS staircase dropper provides just half of the TH staircase floor space,

13 as shown in Figure 2B. The TH staircase comprises an EP entrance staircase and a ZP upstairs staircase, between which the upper THO staircase and the lower THU staircase are suspended.

As can be clearly seen from the comparison with Fig. 1, the Type A Module dwelling of Figures 2a-2b can be used as the outermost dwelling of the dwelling according to the invention, since the AW wall facing the staircase TH is equipped.

The AW external wall has F windows on the front and back of the living room and kitchen 3 respectively. The 6 bathrooms also have a separate window.

Module B, C, and D module units, as described in more detail below, are essentially different from Type A module units in that they have two opposite SW side walls, each of which can be fitted to the respective side wall of an adjacent module unit.

3a-3b, the type B module housing unit provides a three-room apartment consisting of: WT apartment entrance opening to entrance hall 1, comprising living room 2 and kitchen 3, and walkway 9 '. The 9 'corridor opens to 6 bathrooms and 8 and 10 bedrooms, each of which can be a children's room.

Comparison of Figures 3a and 3b shows that the right and left versions are mirror symmetrical with respect to the SW side walls.

Figures 4a and 4B and 5a and 5b show narrow C or D module units having a smaller floor area. The right and left versions are mirror-symmetrical to the SW sidewalls, too.

As shown in the floor plans in Figures 4a ¹ and 4b *, the Type C Module units occupy an entrance hall 1 with an EP entrance staircase at the top of the THO staircase's upper THO staircase, with 2 living rooms, 3 kitchens, 6 bathrooms and 4 lounges. themselves. The 3 kitchens on the AW external wall have F windows. From the 2 living rooms, through the TDT balcony door, there is access to the BT balcony base plate. Opposite SW side walls are without windows, they fit into adjacent module housing units.

5a-5b, the Type D module housing differs from the Type C module housing only in small details. The type D module housing unit contains the same rooms. The difference is, for example, that the AW exterior walls are slightly wider, due to which the bathroom 6 has a slightly larger floor area, and there is an F window on the AW 2 wall outside the TBT balcony door.

The type F 'module units shown in Figure 6 are of a composite structure having all the rooms listed in relation to the Type A module units, in a layout similar to that described there. The essential difference is that the living room 2 and the bedroom 10 have separate BP balcony bases, and the bedroom BP has a balcony which also has access to 9 children's rooms. More Kü-15-

the difference is that there is no window on the SW side wall facing the TH staircase, so that it can fit into an adjacent module.

However, the most important feature of type G module units is that a right and left G type module unit can be joined to form a pair of units that form a rectangular corner structure, where the outer wall AW joins the right and left module units, 2 days BP. the balcony sections in the area around the base plate are aligned, while the extreme sections, like the SW side walls, are perpendicular to each other. For this formation, it was essentially necessary to change the floor area of the 2 days, which is not rectangular but pentagonal in the variants shown in Figure 6. It is to be understood that, in the context of the present invention, twin housing variants forming an outer wall section at different angles to each other, as shown in FIG.

The subdivision subdivisions described in the examples above provide extremely economical use of the floor space. The module housing structure, internal layout, and module housing units according to the invention provide very good space utilization and low labor and time installation.

Claims (16)

PATENT CLAIMS 1.) A residential building with at least four residential units arranged on at least two residential floors and a statically tested module approved for the construction of residential buildings, characterized in that: (a) Module housing units (A, B, C, D, G) are self-contained modules with all fittings, components and accessories required for direct use which: (b) they have at least two opposite external walls (AW) with windows and two side walls (SW) adjoining them on both sides, c) at least one of the side walls (SW) is without a window and can be adapted to a neighboring module housing unit (A, B, C, D, G), and d) the module housing units (A, B, C, D, G) have a base plate (BO) and a slab which are adjacent to the module housing units (A, B, C, D, G) on one or two sides and below and / or above they are adaptable in design, and (f) the top-most module housing unit (A, B, C, D, G) may be designed to fit a gable, semi-roof or flat roof module unit of appropriate dimensions. Residential building according to Claim 1, characterized in that the module housing units (A, B, C, D, G) have partitions with door openings suitable for each room, all necessary fittings, heating and ventilation equipment, water and power lines, distribution equipment. , fitted kitchen and various toilet facilities, windows with shutters or shutters, balcony railing, drainage and staircase connection. Modular dwelling unit for implementing a residential building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a rectangular baseline and at least two external walls (AW) with windows (F) and one of the supporting sidewalls (SW) connecting them. in the side wall (SW) in which the apartment entrance (WT) is formed, a half staircase floor staircase (AS) is provided, wherein the staircase (TH) has an entrance staircase (EP) and an interstellar staircase (ZP) in front of the apartment entrance (WT); Prefabricated stairways (THO, THU) are arranged between. Module housing according to Claim 3, characterized in that they have mirror-symmetrical right and left versions which can be joined to one another by the sides of the staircase (TH), such that the staircase-18 turns corresponding to the right and left versions. - the two sides form the entrance and intercommunication staircases (EP, ZP), which are connected by the suspended upper and lower staircases (THO, THU). Module housing according to claim 4, characterized in that the mirror-symmetrical variants of a particular module housing type (A, B, C, D, G) have precisely joined connection points or connecting means with their vertical axis lines. Module housing according to claim 3, characterized in that it corresponds to a fixed raster structure in the vertical dimensions of its outer and inner retaining walls, whose module depth (BT) and module width (BB) are determined by a plurality of uniformly fixed contour configurations. The module dwelling unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the module width (BB) of each fixed contour configuration is different according to the fixed raster structure according to the different floor areas of the module dwelling units. 8.) In Figures 3-7. Module dwelling unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that two to five dwelling units of the same module depth (BT) and module width (BB) are arranged one above the other. 9.) A 3-8. Module dwelling unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that adjacent module dwelling units can be joined by defining the common staircase (ΤΗ) area of adjacent module dwelling units by complementing each other by the stairway enclosures (AS) of their side walls (SW). 10.) A 3-9. Module dwelling unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the standard module depth (BT) within the given raster structure is 8.0-16.0 meters. 11.) In Figures 3-9. Module dwelling unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the standard module width (BB) within the given raster structure is between 4.0 and 16.0 meters. 12.) A 3-10. Module dwelling unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has two parallel side walls (SW) without windows. 13.) A 3-10. Module dwelling unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has two parallel side walls, one of which is an adjacent module without window, which can be fitted as a side wall (SW) and the other is a façade outer wall (AW). 14. The module housing unit of claim 3, wherein said windowless side walls (SW) are disposed at an angle of 22.5 °, 30 ° or 60 ° to each other. Module housing according to claim 14, characterized in that the exterior wall wall (AW) with angles closed by the side walls (SW) has two angular exterior wall sections which are at right angles to the adjacent side wall (SW). they close. 16.) A 3-15. Module unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer wall (AW) is provided with a balcony door (TBT).