DE1684626A1 - Monolithic modular box assembly - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-CHEM. DR. RER. NAT. WALTER NIELSCH

2 HAMBURQ 70, POST BOX 10914 ■ SCHLOSS-STRASSE 112 · TELEPHONE: 6529707

Applicant: CSEP S.A., in Roveredo / Graubünden (Switzerland) Monolithic modular box assembly

Claimed priority:

March 20, 1967 Country: Italy No. 13917 A / 67

The present invention relates to a monolithic modular box assembly, the main feature of which is mass production through a commercial process is »

There are many and varied methods of producing on a commercial scale the building units suitable for forming the buildings known.

The most important procedures can be roughly divided into two large groups, that is, flat panel systems and three-dimensional units, can be put together.

The components of these known systems, either used alone or designed as sub-groups of a building, could not all satisfy the following requirements at the same time:

- commercial manufacture of the unit and all its components;

- complete completion at the place of manufacture;

- Possibility of use even if only laid on the ground,

alone or connected to other modular units;

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- monolithic structure made of a single material;

- Resistance to those generated during their transport and use static and dynamic loads;

- thermal insulation and soundproofing as well as thermal persistence, which suffice for comfortable and cheap use;

- Arrangement of all types of rooms or combinations of rooms for each any use; .

- Ability to approach, fit together, lay on top of each other, assemble with or without the help of simple lanyards;

- quick connection at the point of use with all service connections such as electricity, water and heating systems

- many different ready-to-use exterior designs;

- Interchangeability with transfer option and new reuse possible at any time without damage

The present monolithic modular box assembly simultaneously satisfies all of the above mentioned needs. This assembly is designed such that one and at least one of the horizontal walls (floor or ceiling) can be obtained by a single molding all the vertical walls · The vertical or horizontal walls can before casting ¹ with all the supply elements (electric lines, water pipes, flush outlets , Flush-mounted box switches, etc.) can be equipped with the fixed parts of the frames of the windows and doors at the wall openings and with all other necessary parts, so that the manufactured element is ready after removal from the mold, with the exception of the paint and any wall cladding.

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The second horizontal wall that completes the modular building unit and closes, can either by porting the cast or by means of a separate casting and the subsequent connection to the vertical walls; in the latter In this case, the joining can be carried out in different ways, in two main groups, i.e. cast joints and dry connections, are compiled »

The painting of the walls, the insertion of the electrical cables, the gluing of the possible cladding, as well as any other Supplementary work can be done at the place of manufacture with clear advantages in particular from an economic and qualitative point of view.

This possibility comes from the fact that the box assembly is completely complete in all the structural or non-structural parts at the end of the manufacturing process carried out in the workshop is completed. These processes are very simplified compared to the known methods because of the removal of the connections between plan parts (as in the plate structures), obtained by a single simultaneous casting of the inner and external vertical walls (even if the modular building unit contains some rooms) together with at least one horizontal wall or Ceiling and the manufacture from a single material of all parts of the structure or shell, i.e. all vertical and horizontal, inner or outer walls.

As a non-limiting example only, some devices are given which are suitable for the manufacture of the modular assembly, the method of which for commercial production or prefabrication has been described above. 1 0 8 Ü 1, / Y! "> 9 L

These devices can for example consist of: (a) molding boxes for the preservation of the empty spaces corresponding to the inner spaces; these molding boxes can also be fixed and in one piece • and in this case their removal from the mold must be carried out by special measures; (b) Molding boxes for the delimitation of the vertical outer Sides of the assembly; these molding boxes can be removed from the cast unit either by removing it horizontally or by tilting it will; and (c) a horizontal surface to demarcate the underside of the horizontal not obtained with the first cast Wall; this support surface for the casting of the second horizontal wall can for example consist of the floor of the workshop and in this case, the floor is appropriately treated and of casting boundary edges delimited $ these margins are similar to the ordinary ones, suitable for the production of the prefabricated flat panels Margins.

The linear, surface and volume dimensions established after long research and experiments have solved the task, all of which identified requirements of weight, structure, strength, transportation, industrialization, etc. and the following requirements to compensate in the structural arrangement:

A) All types of a modern and objective way of life: Required spaces should easily be accommodated in the modular building unit;

B) two or more complementary according to use or dimensions Rooms should be inserted into the modular building unit without restrictions or expenditure on unused space will*

C) the approach of several modular building units should the Allow the formation of an actual apartment, which in the

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sungonder different spaces and in their connection and independence is factually conceived;

D) the front views and the volumes of a modular building unit should have aesthetically pleasing proportions and these features should either be in a stand-alone unit or be present in a combination of several units;

E) although these front views and volumes because of the industrial The procedure is rigid, they are characterized by flexibility in the arrangement options, which is sufficient to accommodate the modular building units to adapt to the occupancy density and to insert into most pre-existing environments.

The inventive structure of the train of thought, the research and the Choice is summarized as follows:

Double bedroom - a minimum size is 3.50 m (double bed + passage + closet or chest of drawers), the other size is between 3 »20 m (double bed + bedside tables and passageways) and 3 | 70 m (double bed + bedside tables and passageways + other closet or Cradle)

the bear. The area is 13-15m »including the dimensions of doors and windows.

Bedroom with two single beds - The walls are not of a fixed standard when the shape of the room can accommodate two single beds, a closet and a table. The minimum floor space is a little lower than that of the double bedroom (12-14 m ² ). A room that is too narrow and long should be ruled out to ensure that it is balanced and that it can be used well. A change between 2.70 χ 4.50 m and 3 _t 50 x 3.50 m is therefore permitted.

Bedroom with a single bed - an area below 8 m ² is not advisable for health reasons. A change between 2.30 χ 3.50 m and 2.80 χ 2.80 m is permitted.

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Kitchen - and dining room - The industrial organization recommends the use of the plumbing blocks, which contain the connections for all water, electrical and gas fittings, etc. in a single wall.

A wall of at least 3.50 m is therefore mandatory (double sink with drainer 1.20 m + stove cabinet with oven 0.60 m + Refrigerator 0.70 m + work table 1.20 m or instead of it, dishwasher 0.50 m + washing machine 0.60 m). The other dimension is free, but it is the result of the minimum required area and is added as follows:

2 2

together: equipped wall 2.50 m + associated passage 2.50 m

ρ
+ Dining table with four chairs 4.50 m + furnished wall and associated

2 2

ger passage 4.00 m = minimum total space 13.50 m · A variability between a rectangle 3 »50 m χ 3.90 m and a square 3> 65 m χ 3> 65 m is permitted.
Small kitchen without a dining room - the above equipped wall remains mandatory and to this should be a furnished wall and the lost one

2 rooms come into consideration: equipped wall 2.50 m + associated

ρ ρ

Passage 2.50 m + furnished wall 2.00 m + dimensions of the public

Doors and windows 0.50 m require a minimum

ο
total space of 8 m and corresponds to a rectangle of 3 | 50 m χ 2.25 ® or more.

Living room or combined living and dining room - this room is the most variable in the apartment because its dimensions are a function of the number of rooms that make up the apartment. It can vary from 15 to 40 m ² and more 3 · depending on the function and purpose and the number of users. It is recommended that the shorter side is not less than 3.50 m in order to ensure good use of the space.

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Bathroom and toilet - This room should be equipped with a bathtub, washbasin, toilet bowl and bidet. Since you have to reach for the Sa-1; ± on.'iJ.i3if3run-ß, i.e. the installation block, it is necessary that all of these devices are nont-t ^ rt to the equipped wall. This brings a length of 3, 50 m with a width of 1.4-5 - 1.50 m with it if the bathtub is arranged on the long side of the mentioned wall or a length of 2.50 m with a width of 1.60 - 1.65 m when the bathtub:. '3chtwiiikli3 eats arranged to the WAsd-

The first solution was used for apartments with up to four beds, while the latter can be used for apartments with more than four beds, in order to have a second vanity at the ^ To be able to attach to the wall. The surface area of this room can therefore be between 5 and 6 m.

The various dimensions determined in this way make it possible to determine a module of about 3 »50 m, which is almost all is common to the rooms in the layout of an apartment.

This modular dimension was therefore taken to be the inner width of the main module, since this is rightly considered to be the optimal one Dimension, except for some approximations, was considered.

After this binding determination of the width, the length should correspond to the corresponding volume with all requirements of weight, structure, resistance, thermal protection, etc. and the possibility of formation within the modular building unit allow the highest number of combinations of rooms. An inner length of about 5.80 m was chosen and satisfied very well all the requirements mentioned.

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Some preferred embodiments will now be described in more detail Way described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. .- '"· ■ It show:

Figures 1 to 15 show the floor plans of the preferred embodiments of rooms or combinations of rooms that are within a modular Assembly according to the present invention can be arranged; and

FIGS. 16 A to 16 M show the floor plans of the preferred embodiments of apartments that can be used with one or more modular building units connected together were obtained.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, a modular building unit according to the invention with the mentioned modular dimensions without any great compromise: 1.) A bathroom with appliances installed in a tube

booths and a kitchen and dining room so that- the installation block is used twice; or 2.) A bathroom with a right-angled bathtub and a kitchen and dining room; or

3.) A double bedroom and a bedroom with a single bed; or

4-.) Two bedrooms with two single beds each; or 5.) A double bedroom and an anteroom; or 6.) A bedroom with a single bed with a servant bathroom and the kitchen, so that the installation block is used twice; or

7.) A dining and living room for small apartments; or 8.) A dining room for large apartments; or 9.) A living room for large apartments; or

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10.) A kitchen and dining room, a full bathroom and

an abortion; or
11 ·) An anteroom, a bathroom and a bedroom with one

Single bed; or
12.) A room that is used as a kitchen, living room and dining room; or - ■ '

13.) A dining room, a small kitchen and an anteroom; or 14 ») A double bedroom and a kitchen; or ■ 15 ») A bathroom and a room, which can be used as a kitchen, living room and Dining room is used.

From Figures 1 to 15 of the accompanying drawings., In which these possible combinations have been illustrated and which are numbered according to the above list, it is easy to understand that these combinations are designed with simplicity and consistency and that the proportions used produce the result of a multiple and present a thorough set of selections.

The formation of a dwelling consisting of several modular building units is, thanks to the present invention, a mere approximation of prefabricated elements and no actual conventional construction, with very reduced assembly times and implementation requirements. To increase the number of combinations of modular units It is useful to increase, flat horizontal fasteners to be provided. The use of the flat vertical elements was avoided because this would have changed the main idea of the invention In view of the need for a suitable substructure, a number of electrical and water-carrying lines, the casting of Sealing materials, visible connections, etc.

It turns out that any flat horizontal element, if

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it is limited in its scope by modular building units that Composition possibilities expanded without diminishing the idea of the invention. Indeed, its execution takes place by means of a simple laying on top of each other instead of and no substructures, Connections etc. are required.

Figures 16A through 16M of the accompanying drawings provide one clear evidence of the adaptability of the compositions and the arrangement ensured by the chosen dimensions.

The identified modular assembly shown and described corresponds to the principles of proportions and aesthetic requirements. The ratio of width to length and that from height to length comes close to the golden ratio. In this case, too, the enclosed drawings and the tests carried out confirm this description.

Only the pure form of the present structural unit, without dazzling work or extravagance, which is suitable for countless differentiations, which are achieved by changing the colors, the cladding, the connections and the possibilities of combinations, the commercial standardization requirements with the equally important requirements of a natural and simple, not forced or artificial involvement in the home and human milieu. The modular assembly or a combination thereof can be subjected to a number of negligible changes which are capable of changing its appearance in considerable ways without departing from the principles of the invention. .
Some changes are indicated below:

- Possibility of arranging at will the position and dimensions of the openings, i.e. * the ratio of void to fullness;

- Possibility of cladding with plaster, marble, artificial and natural stones, Bricks, tiles, ceramics, etc .;

- Possibility of frames in wood, iron, aluminum and blackout by means of shops, self-scooters, shutters, blinds, etc .;

· * Possibility of flat or sloping roofs, such as B, Bricks, tiles, shingles, etc.

The box structure and its dimensions should also be chosen according to the loads to be borne by the structural unit. These stresses are static during their application and dynamic in the event of and during the earthquake phenomena Transport to which the unit is subjected before its assembly or afterwards in the event of a shift in position.

Because the dynamic stresses caused by the transport are directed in several directions, place the ratios of length to width of the flat parts of the structural unit in more significant Determine their resistance properties.

The illustrated monolithic modular box assembly according to the present invention has been through rigorous testing and Samples proved suitable to withstand all of the above-mentioned stresses.

This structural unit can be made with a three-dimensional, basic weave independent, i.e. statically determined, non-deformable structure are equated: the horizontal and the vertical walls have the function of stiffening and

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Wind bracing when the forces acting on the structural unit are parallel to its bearing surface or from both sides Plates when the forces act perpendicular to their bearing surface. Moser the latter case is for the vertical, to the "limit" direction Right-angled walls are present when the means of transport experiences a sharp decrease in speed.

The requirement that also the perpendicular walls that are to their level have to bear right-angled loads, it is necessary that the ratio of their height to their length is 1.6 does not exceed and remains as close as possible to 1, which is preferred.

The features, proportions and dimensions of those described here and illustrated structural unit are therefore closely tied to the exact determination. These are either through calculations or experimental investigation of the loads to be withstood. This also includes the stresses to be taken into account during transport and assembly as well as for constant use.

The calculations and tests were carried out on test pieces, either reduced or full, carried out on the structural element and on some of its walls, the results of which have made it possible to standardize the components of the iron reinforcement and to facilitate their manufacture by a commercial process .

The aforementioned iron reinforcement is pre-worked in such a way that it can be pre-assembled to form an independent scaffolding,

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which is provided with the lifting hook and the additional reinforcement iron as well as with all the technical facilities already mentioned.

This soot can be put into the molding box without further processing be placed inside the molding box. It follows that the idle time between the disarmament of a structural unit and the following Casting is very abbreviated with the great advantage for the performance of the devices, namely the economy of the products,

Since these structural units were designed for a transport even over several hundred kilometers, the weight is great and heavy influence. In this case, too, technical and economic reasons intertwine and help determine the choice.

The technical reasons are e.g. those stipulated by the Road Traffic Code, from the tracks of the available roads (bridges, floors of roads and building sites, etc.) and from Lifting capacity of the hoists used for the assembly of the structural units are required.

The economic reasons are those arising from the purchase and sale Travel costs of the motor vehicle, from the possibility or unlikely * ability to drive over the street network &, from economic viability and mobility in the street of the hoist for the assembly of the unit can be inferred #.

The entirety of the intended use of the structural unit as well as the transport requirements (maximum permitted

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measured, permissible wheel pressure, driving over unequipped ground to reach the destination, economic efficiency of the means for their transport, collection and assembly) allowed the weight of the modular unit of the Invention to fix between 15 and 18 tons.

The greatest difficulty is that the weight requires to be balanced in a correct and stable manner, taking into account the other requirements that may arise during the Studies were found. These are structural requirements to withstand the resistance to static and dynamic forces; Heat and sound requirements for protection against the heat and sound transmission; aesthetic requirements for a comfortable Appearance of the component, either alone or with other elements tied together; the various and complex assembly and distribution requirements discussed above and industrial demand by means of processes and equipment that allow for volume production and are economical and economic requirements for the purpose of manufacturing at low prices using industrial methods.

The main feature of this invention is that it is modular Structural unit was obtained which is suitable to simultaneously meet all of these mostly contradicting properties.

Thermal and sound insulation is one of the main requirements for a residential building. Good thermal insulation is usually included closely associated with a good soundproofing; the required, established and maintained Minäeststandard is an orderly one Thermal protection, this means ^ ine. gitfg, isolating the rooms against

sudden changes in outside temperature and insulation that prevents the loss of calories from the heating system in winter or the one supplied by the air conditioning plant in summer Can restrict cooling units.

To keep this type of building as close as possible to the optimal conditions To bring, the modular construction unit was provided with a degree of insulation that is higher than the insulation of a double wall of bricks and perforated bricks with a central cavity and a total thickness of 35 cm; it is known, that this wall thickness is the usual design for apartments.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity for the inner walls according to the invention is approximately 1 calorie / m / hour.

One of the suitable cheap materials to make a modular assembly according to the present invention with reduced weight, high insulation and sufficient resistance to static and creating dynamic stresses consists in the use of dense or porous, natural or artificial aggregates for the purpose of obtaining a reinforced lightweight concrete. The use of other known materials that meet the requirements mentioned is also possible.

From the above description it has become clear that the modular The assembly of the invention has new and advantageous improvements over the prior art and the formation of several different Types of residential buildings permitted.

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The properties, consisting of dimensions, processes, arrangements, Weights, commercial production, Öeförderungsmögliehkeit, which, when viewed individually, are not considered new must gain the mark of novelty and great utility in their industrial connection thanks to the conscientious research and invention work that allowed these properties to be identified as To merge the combination and at the same time to eliminate the previous disadvantages

The importance of the invention lies in the possibility of in "- \-industrial production and transportation of modulären assembly; the highly industrialized production actually allows a noticeable reduction in costs and a significant improvement in quality compared to the artisanal or less industrialized manufacturing processes that are used today for the manufacture of these types of buildings »

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Claims (1)

DIPL.-CHEM. DR. RER. NAT. WALTER NIELSCH PATENT ADVOCATE 2 HAMBURQ 70, POST BOX 10914 · SCHLOSS-STRASSE 1 «· TELEPHONE: 65Ϊ9707 it March 4, 1968 Claims ; 1.) Monolithic modular box assembly with such fixed ones Proportions and characteristics that they can be used either as a single independent unit or as a standard part of a building is usable and can form a room or a combination of rooms for any application, characterized in that, that all the vertical walls and at least one horizontal wall of the structural unit are made by means of a single casting have been and their use also only allows a laying on the floor and that the structural unit is a fixed has a modular dimension with an internal width of approximately 3 »50 m. 2.) Monolithic modular box assembly according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that it has a structure with a shape and dimensions which, when used, Transport and earthquake-related stresses is capable of withstanding, and that this structure is preferred from reinforced lightweight concrete made from natural or synthetic aggregates using dense or porous aggregates consists. 5.) Monolithic modular box assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls have been produced by industrial series production in a workshop by means of suitable molding boxes which allow the simultaneous casting of all vertical walls and at least one horizontal War4 . 109812/0594 ■ · Λ ■ 4 ·.) Monolithic modular box unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the for the static and dynamic resistance required reinforcement consists of fully or partially pre-assembled scaffolding. 5.) Monolithic modular box assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that its internal length is approximately 5 »80 m is; and this length in relation to the modular main width of 3.50 m and as a function of that available within the structural unit Spaces is calculated. 6.) Monolithic modular box assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that they are sealing or sealing means according to the requirements of thermal insulation, Contains soundproofing and thermal persistence. 7 ·) Monolithic modular box construction unit according to claim 1, characterized in that each structural unit, if it is as Series part of a building is used, with Besug on the building independently of the other building units sufce.tzbai? or £ is designed to be removable «; 8 ») Monolithic modular box building unit according to claim 1 * * characterized in that the contained structure is adapted to permit removal of a single structural unit or a combination of the same on the installation site and the Carriage and reassembly of the same on another Destination is possible * 109812/0594 9 ·) Monolithic modular box construction unit according to claim 1,
characterized in that the assembly of several structural units can be reinforced by 'mutual cooperation means * 10.) Monolithic modular box assembly according to claim 5, characterized! that their weight is between 15 and (Than, although they are according to the dimensions mentioned and proportions are established « 11 · Jt Monolithic modular box assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that it is completely finished inside and outside in any desired manner at the manufacturing site
is trained. 12.) Monolithic modular box unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a single prefabricated connection for the installations at the destination is included, since all technical facilities have already been used in the unit at the place of manufacture « 109812/0594