CA2046217A1 - Residential building and a building unit for same - Google Patents
Residential building and a building unit for sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA2046217A1 CA2046217A1 CA 2046217 CA2046217A CA2046217A1 CA 2046217 A1 CA2046217 A1 CA 2046217A1 CA 2046217 CA2046217 CA 2046217 CA 2046217 A CA2046217 A CA 2046217A CA 2046217 A1 CA2046217 A1 CA 2046217A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- building
- units
- modular
- msb
- sectional
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
- E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A residential building having four dwelling units, arranged in at least two storeys, in which the complete dwelling units (WE) are designed as statically type-tested modular or sectional building units (MSB) which are approved for use in the construction of residential buildings, and which are grouped together to form a standardized building structure. These units are self-contained and are fitted with all the installations, components and accessories needed and provided to permit immediate occupancy. They also possess at least two opposed outer walls, fitted with windows, and two side walls connecting up with the outer walls on both sides of the units. Of these side walls, at least one is windowless and designed to be connected to an adjacent modular or sectional building unit (MSB). The units are fitted with at least one ceiling or floor slab to which at least one further modular or sectional unit (MSB) may be connected, either at one or both sides or vertically above or below the slab. Furthermore, a modular or sectional roof unit having a saddle, pent or flat roof may be fitted on the topmost modular or sectional building units (MSB), with which it shares identical connecting dimensions.
A residential building having four dwelling units, arranged in at least two storeys, in which the complete dwelling units (WE) are designed as statically type-tested modular or sectional building units (MSB) which are approved for use in the construction of residential buildings, and which are grouped together to form a standardized building structure. These units are self-contained and are fitted with all the installations, components and accessories needed and provided to permit immediate occupancy. They also possess at least two opposed outer walls, fitted with windows, and two side walls connecting up with the outer walls on both sides of the units. Of these side walls, at least one is windowless and designed to be connected to an adjacent modular or sectional building unit (MSB). The units are fitted with at least one ceiling or floor slab to which at least one further modular or sectional unit (MSB) may be connected, either at one or both sides or vertically above or below the slab. Furthermore, a modular or sectional roof unit having a saddle, pent or flat roof may be fitted on the topmost modular or sectional building units (MSB), with which it shares identical connecting dimensions.
Description
~,0~6'~,17 ~2-The invention relates -to a residential building containing at least four dwelling units, arranged in at least two storeys, as weil as to ths structural units needed for the construction of such a building. Residential buildings and structural units of this kind are already known, an~ the construction of 5 residential buildings of this kind with dwelling units having matching or similar floor plans as well as identical facilities or fittings is al50 prior art.
German Patent DE 36 19 257 A1, for example, describes and presents a re~idential building also containing four dwelling units arranged in two storeys. In this design, the dwelling units are stacked one on top of 10 the other, each being separate from the other, and the first and second units have vehicle parking areas connected with the correspondin0 upper and lower dwelling units and arranged in such a manner relative to each other that their back walls face towards each other and the entrances to the parking areas face away from each other.
As a result, in contrast to the shared central garages in multi-family residential buildings, these garages are directly connected with the dwelling units by corridors so that a more private atmosphere and also increased security is offered.
In ~he article published by Krusnik ~ Reith in "Bauwelt", 1976, Vol.
20 No. 1, page 315, residential buildings having a similar type of arrangement of the dwelling units are proposed in which modular or sectional building units are positioned in a grid pattern on either side of a stainNell and elevator shaft structure iocated in the centra area of the building footprint, and hollow pillars, serving as common cable and pipe ducts, are installed 25 between supporting pillars set up around the outer periphery of the building as well as within its footprint.
In this known type of construction method it is disadvantageous that the floor plans of the dwelling units and the subdivision of the available living space into rooms can not be varied but instead - because of the 30 supporting pillars, the cable and pipe ducts and the stairwell and elevator shaft - onlv very small areas are available for individual rooms in the dwelling units.
Furthermore, German Patent DE ~7 19 953 A1 describes and presents a residential building in which similarly prefabricated, mobile 2 ~
German Patent DE 36 19 257 A1, for example, describes and presents a re~idential building also containing four dwelling units arranged in two storeys. In this design, the dwelling units are stacked one on top of 10 the other, each being separate from the other, and the first and second units have vehicle parking areas connected with the correspondin0 upper and lower dwelling units and arranged in such a manner relative to each other that their back walls face towards each other and the entrances to the parking areas face away from each other.
As a result, in contrast to the shared central garages in multi-family residential buildings, these garages are directly connected with the dwelling units by corridors so that a more private atmosphere and also increased security is offered.
In ~he article published by Krusnik ~ Reith in "Bauwelt", 1976, Vol.
20 No. 1, page 315, residential buildings having a similar type of arrangement of the dwelling units are proposed in which modular or sectional building units are positioned in a grid pattern on either side of a stainNell and elevator shaft structure iocated in the centra area of the building footprint, and hollow pillars, serving as common cable and pipe ducts, are installed 25 between supporting pillars set up around the outer periphery of the building as well as within its footprint.
In this known type of construction method it is disadvantageous that the floor plans of the dwelling units and the subdivision of the available living space into rooms can not be varied but instead - because of the 30 supporting pillars, the cable and pipe ducts and the stairwell and elevator shaft - onlv very small areas are available for individual rooms in the dwelling units.
Furthermore, German Patent DE ~7 19 953 A1 describes and presents a residential building in which similarly prefabricated, mobile 2 ~
dwelling units are inserted into or used as block cells in a framework made up of vertical steel columns or reinforced concrete pillars and horizontal tie rods, and having a prefabricated stairwell and elevator shaft. Again, this design suffers from the same disadvantage, namely that the block cells do 5 not allow any space for variable layouts of the dwelling units or rooms, because they all have the same floor plan.
The disadvantages outlined above ar0 avoided by the design of the residential buildin~ according to the invention, which is based on a residential building of the type described, but characterized by the following 1 0 features:
a) Self-contained modular or sectional building units combined together to create a uniform building structure, and incorporating all the necessary installations, components and accessories needed to permit immediate use of the dwelling units, and b) possessing at least two opposite outer walls containing windows and, connecting at each end with the outer walls, two side walls, c) of which at least one is windowless and designed to be connected to an adjacent modular or sectional building unit, and d) the dwelling units are provided with at least one ceiling or floor slab e) to which at least one further modular or sectional building unit can be connected on one or both sides or vertically above or below, and f) a modular or sectional roof unit, having a gable roof, pent roof or flat roof, can be fitted to the topmost modular or sectional building unit, with which it has the same connecting dimensions.
With this type of building structure, made up of non-prefabricated modular or sectional buildiny units, there are no restrictions on the size of the ground plan or on the subdivision into rooms. It is only necessary for in 2 0 ~
The disadvantages outlined above ar0 avoided by the design of the residential buildin~ according to the invention, which is based on a residential building of the type described, but characterized by the following 1 0 features:
a) Self-contained modular or sectional building units combined together to create a uniform building structure, and incorporating all the necessary installations, components and accessories needed to permit immediate use of the dwelling units, and b) possessing at least two opposite outer walls containing windows and, connecting at each end with the outer walls, two side walls, c) of which at least one is windowless and designed to be connected to an adjacent modular or sectional building unit, and d) the dwelling units are provided with at least one ceiling or floor slab e) to which at least one further modular or sectional building unit can be connected on one or both sides or vertically above or below, and f) a modular or sectional roof unit, having a gable roof, pent roof or flat roof, can be fitted to the topmost modular or sectional building unit, with which it has the same connecting dimensions.
With this type of building structure, made up of non-prefabricated modular or sectional buildiny units, there are no restrictions on the size of the ground plan or on the subdivision into rooms. It is only necessary for in 2 0 ~
sach case two buildin~ units, i.e. dwellin~ units, which are connec-ted to a common set of stairs to have ~he sarne matchin0 halves of the stairwell.
When constructing known residential buildings of this type, which are subdivided in this way, using non-prefabricated modules or sections, it is 5 always necessary first of all to draw up plans showin~ every de~ail of the structure and giving precise data about the technical facilities and equipment which are to be installed or mounted in the various rooms by the individual contractors. It is a very ~ime-consurning and costly task to prepare such drawings with all their numerous details and data about the dimensions 10 and the materials to be used in the building shell and in the interior finish, also stating the specified static strength, and giving details about the reinforcement of concrete cornponents. This individuai working method at the drawing and detailed planning stage extends also into the actual construction phase, i.e. the erection of the building on the building site.
Because of the detailed planning of the arrangement of the individual living rooms and work rooms, also of ~he access areas and utility rooms, and also because of the individual design and equipping of those areas and rooms, it is not possible for the various successive phases of the building process to be carried out in a regular, rhythrnic sequence. In practice it is 20 not possible to precisely coordinate, either spatially or temporally, the sequence of construction and installation 1:asks to be performed by the various contractors. As a result, various amounts of downtime occur on the construction site because, for many individual construction processes, the continuation of work depends on the completion of preceding construction 25 phases. Delays arise also from the failure ~o deliver or provide constructionand/or installation materials, also plumbing and electrical equipment and materials, etc., on time.
Proceeding from these facts, the inventor has solved the problem of designing a residential building of the type described herein which does not 30 suffer from any of the known disadvantages. A key feature of the inventive concept is the further proposal by the inventor that the modular or sectional building units be fitted with all the necessary partition walls fitted with dooropenings and doors for all the living rooms and access areas, and that they also be equipped with all the necessary heating and ventilating equipment, 2 ~ 7 complete sanitary fittings in the appropriate roorns, water, power supply and distribution facilities, built-in cupboards and shelves in kitchens and utility rooms, fully finished windows with slatted or roller blinds, balconies with balustrades and drainage ~acilities, stairwell areas functionally arranged for 5 good access and fitted with appropriate stair elements.
By designing the dwelling units as independent, self-contain~d modular or sectional building units equipped with all necessary functional elements, and by providin~ only a small number of differen~ly sized types, depending on the desired amount of livin~ area, which nevertheless all have 10 the same basic structure, it is possible by arranging the units side by side and one on top of the other to produce in the shortest possible time a complete and turn-key r0sidential building, set on a prepared foundation slab or finished basement. A residential building constructed in the manner according to the invention may be composed of merely identical or also of 15 differently sized and differently dimensioned and subdivided dwelling units, and because of this variability the building can be adapted to various development and street plans, also to di~ferent types of terrain.
According to one essential design feature ~f the invention, the modular or sectional units used in the construction of the residential building 20 have a rectangular floor plan with at least two load-bearing side walls connecting the two outside walls which are fitted with windows; and the side wall in which is fitted the entrance to the dwelling unit possesses a recessed section forming one half of a stairwell and having an entrance landing in front of the entrance to the dwelling unit as well as an 25 intermediate landing, and a prefabricated half of a stairway is hun0 between the two landings. In this embodiment, it is irnportant that the half section, cut in a vertical plane, of the stairwell on 0ach storey should be arranged on a side wall of a dwelling unit. This half section then matches up with a second half section provided in the laterally adjoining next 30 modular or sectional building unit to form a complete stairwell space, which is then finished off by installin~ two prefabricated sections of stairway between the respective landings.
This stairwell combination is facilitated accordin~ to the invention in a surprisingly simple manner by the fact that each modular or sectional 20~6~ L7 building unit exists in two mirror-image configurations, at least in the area ofthe stairwell, and are connectat)le to each other in such a way that the entrance landings and intermediate landings facing each other match up t form complete landings, between which in each case an upper and a lower 5 half of a stairway are suspended. Thanks to the paired, mirror-image configuration of the modular or sectional building units, it is possible to arrange two identically dimensioned dwelling units, having a common stairwell, in mirror image symmetry alongside each other or, however, two dwelling units of unequal dimensions can be joined together in the same 10 way to form a building unit having two oppositely arranged dwelling units on each floor.
In order to permit the perfect and unproblematicai stacking of the modular or sectional building units one above the other, the units are designed in such a manner that, in both mirror-image symm0tries, all the 15 electrical cables and water pipes of each modular or sectional building unit are arranged and distributed with connecting points or joining elements which are exactly aligned along vertical axes. In acidition, the dimensions of the load-bearing outer and inner walls of each modular or sectional building unit, in their ver~ical axes and planes, correspond to a predetermined grid 20 structure, in which the depth and width of the building units are determined by several uniformly established fioor plan configurations. Through these design measures it is possible, without difficulty, to align and stack these modular and sectional building units together in a perfect fit and, according to other features, it is advantageous when the width of a building unit in 25 each established floor plan configuration can be variously dimensioned in accordance with the different living/utility areas of the respective dwelling unit, and in accordance with the established grid structure. Therefore, within the established grid structure and the standardlzed arrangement of the halves of the stairwell, the subdivision of the rooms and other layout 30 features can be varied, so that total uniformity of the individual dwelling units can be avoided.
The width and height of the residential building according to the principle set forth in the invention can be varied.
When constructing known residential buildings of this type, which are subdivided in this way, using non-prefabricated modules or sections, it is 5 always necessary first of all to draw up plans showin~ every de~ail of the structure and giving precise data about the technical facilities and equipment which are to be installed or mounted in the various rooms by the individual contractors. It is a very ~ime-consurning and costly task to prepare such drawings with all their numerous details and data about the dimensions 10 and the materials to be used in the building shell and in the interior finish, also stating the specified static strength, and giving details about the reinforcement of concrete cornponents. This individuai working method at the drawing and detailed planning stage extends also into the actual construction phase, i.e. the erection of the building on the building site.
Because of the detailed planning of the arrangement of the individual living rooms and work rooms, also of ~he access areas and utility rooms, and also because of the individual design and equipping of those areas and rooms, it is not possible for the various successive phases of the building process to be carried out in a regular, rhythrnic sequence. In practice it is 20 not possible to precisely coordinate, either spatially or temporally, the sequence of construction and installation 1:asks to be performed by the various contractors. As a result, various amounts of downtime occur on the construction site because, for many individual construction processes, the continuation of work depends on the completion of preceding construction 25 phases. Delays arise also from the failure ~o deliver or provide constructionand/or installation materials, also plumbing and electrical equipment and materials, etc., on time.
Proceeding from these facts, the inventor has solved the problem of designing a residential building of the type described herein which does not 30 suffer from any of the known disadvantages. A key feature of the inventive concept is the further proposal by the inventor that the modular or sectional building units be fitted with all the necessary partition walls fitted with dooropenings and doors for all the living rooms and access areas, and that they also be equipped with all the necessary heating and ventilating equipment, 2 ~ 7 complete sanitary fittings in the appropriate roorns, water, power supply and distribution facilities, built-in cupboards and shelves in kitchens and utility rooms, fully finished windows with slatted or roller blinds, balconies with balustrades and drainage ~acilities, stairwell areas functionally arranged for 5 good access and fitted with appropriate stair elements.
By designing the dwelling units as independent, self-contain~d modular or sectional building units equipped with all necessary functional elements, and by providin~ only a small number of differen~ly sized types, depending on the desired amount of livin~ area, which nevertheless all have 10 the same basic structure, it is possible by arranging the units side by side and one on top of the other to produce in the shortest possible time a complete and turn-key r0sidential building, set on a prepared foundation slab or finished basement. A residential building constructed in the manner according to the invention may be composed of merely identical or also of 15 differently sized and differently dimensioned and subdivided dwelling units, and because of this variability the building can be adapted to various development and street plans, also to di~ferent types of terrain.
According to one essential design feature ~f the invention, the modular or sectional units used in the construction of the residential building 20 have a rectangular floor plan with at least two load-bearing side walls connecting the two outside walls which are fitted with windows; and the side wall in which is fitted the entrance to the dwelling unit possesses a recessed section forming one half of a stairwell and having an entrance landing in front of the entrance to the dwelling unit as well as an 25 intermediate landing, and a prefabricated half of a stairway is hun0 between the two landings. In this embodiment, it is irnportant that the half section, cut in a vertical plane, of the stairwell on 0ach storey should be arranged on a side wall of a dwelling unit. This half section then matches up with a second half section provided in the laterally adjoining next 30 modular or sectional building unit to form a complete stairwell space, which is then finished off by installin~ two prefabricated sections of stairway between the respective landings.
This stairwell combination is facilitated accordin~ to the invention in a surprisingly simple manner by the fact that each modular or sectional 20~6~ L7 building unit exists in two mirror-image configurations, at least in the area ofthe stairwell, and are connectat)le to each other in such a way that the entrance landings and intermediate landings facing each other match up t form complete landings, between which in each case an upper and a lower 5 half of a stairway are suspended. Thanks to the paired, mirror-image configuration of the modular or sectional building units, it is possible to arrange two identically dimensioned dwelling units, having a common stairwell, in mirror image symmetry alongside each other or, however, two dwelling units of unequal dimensions can be joined together in the same 10 way to form a building unit having two oppositely arranged dwelling units on each floor.
In order to permit the perfect and unproblematicai stacking of the modular or sectional building units one above the other, the units are designed in such a manner that, in both mirror-image symm0tries, all the 15 electrical cables and water pipes of each modular or sectional building unit are arranged and distributed with connecting points or joining elements which are exactly aligned along vertical axes. In acidition, the dimensions of the load-bearing outer and inner walls of each modular or sectional building unit, in their ver~ical axes and planes, correspond to a predetermined grid 20 structure, in which the depth and width of the building units are determined by several uniformly established fioor plan configurations. Through these design measures it is possible, without difficulty, to align and stack these modular and sectional building units together in a perfect fit and, according to other features, it is advantageous when the width of a building unit in 25 each established floor plan configuration can be variously dimensioned in accordance with the different living/utility areas of the respective dwelling unit, and in accordance with the established grid structure. Therefore, within the established grid structure and the standardlzed arrangement of the halves of the stairwell, the subdivision of the rooms and other layout 30 features can be varied, so that total uniformity of the individual dwelling units can be avoided.
The width and height of the residential building according to the principle set forth in the invention can be varied.
T`NO modular or sectional building units, of mirror-image configuration and grouped ~ogether, can easily be stacked one on -top of the other to a height ~ive storeys above the top edge of the foundation slab. Even more storeys can be added if an elevator system adjoinin0 the stairwell areas is provided at the outside wall. This elevator can serve two storeys simultaneously if the access doors are assigned to the respective intermediate landings.
In the horizontal plane, it is possible to arrange alongside and on top of each other a large number of structural groups, each consisting of two modular or sectional building units matched to each other in mirror-image symmetry .
Within standardized grid struc~ures the modular or sectional building units can have different standardized depths between 8,0 and 16.0 m and widths between 4.0 and 16.0 m. It is thus possible to combine modular or sectional units of different depths and widths together into groups and thereby produce a building with an indented front facade.
Apart from designing the modular or sectional building units with parallel oriented windowless side walls, it is further possible, within the scope of the invention, to orient the windowless sidewalls at an angle of between 22.5 and 60 in relation to each other. An angle of 45 is preferred. With modular or sectional units of such a design, which are also provided in mirror-image symmetry, it is possible to erect buildings on corner sites using the construction principle according to the invention. For this purpose, a corner group of two modular or sec~ional units each having side walls set at angle of 45, or two groups of in each case two modular or sectional units with side walls set at an angle of 22.6 may be combined with one another. In this way, any desired right-angled or oblique-angled solutions with various facade structures can be created on corner sites at road intersections~
Further features call for the ou~er walls to be equipped with balcony or terrace doors instead of windows, together with prefabricated balconies attached to corresponding attachmen~ points.
. .
2 ~ 7 Further special characters and features of the invention may be found in the embodiments o~ buildin~ units according to the invention which are presented in the drawing and described in more detail below.
The Figures show:
Fig. 1: A perspective view of a residential building made up of 12 modular or sectional units.
Figs 2a, 2b A perspective view of a Type "A" modular or sectional building unit, having mirror-irnage structural symmetry.
Figs. 3a, 3b A perspective view of a Type "B'l modular or sectional building unit, having mirror-image structural symmetry.
Figs. 4a, 4b A perspective view of a Type "C" modular or sectional building unit, having mirror-image structural symmetry.
Figs. 4a', 4b' Floor plans of the Type "C" unit Figs. 5a, 5b A perspective view of a Type "D" modular or ses~tional building unit, having mirror-image structural symmetry Fig. 6 A perspective view of a Type "G"
modular or sectional building unit.
The building shown in Fig. 1 is made up, on each of the three levels, ~0 by two Type "A" modular or sectional units having mirror-image structural symmetry, one of which is an MSB-R (right-structured) unit and the other is an MSB-L (left-structured) unit. The right-structured tMSB-P~) unit is adjoined by a left-structured (MSB-L) Type l'D" unit, so that the two halves of the stairwell combine to form the complete stairwell TH. The Type "D" unit is 25 adjoined by another Type "B" unit, which in turn is of right-structured (MSB-R) design, so that here, ~oo, the two halves of the stairwell form a complete stairwell TH in conjunction with the adjoining left-structured ~MSB-L) Type A" unit.
This makes it clear how simply and advantageously differently sized 30 modular or sectional building units of the type according to the invention, can be arranged together side by side in mirror-image structural symmetry, and in each case one pair of such units having the said mirror-image structural symmetry to0ether forms a common stairwell.
2 ~ 7 In the process, as Fig. 1 s~10wS~ a pair of modular or sectional units with a common stairwell can easily be offset along ~he buildiny line in relation to an adjoining pair of units so that t~10 front facade of the buildingcan be broken up, or in order to adapt the builc~ing to the curve or angle of the street.
Figs. 2a and 2b show a Type "A" dwelling unit having 4 rooms and a kitchen as well as utility rooms, again arranged in mirror-image symmetry.
The main entrance door WT opens into the entrance hallway 1, which is bordered, left or right, by a storage room 4, a guest toilet 5 and the living room 2, while the kitchen 3 and the bathroom 6 are arranged on the opposite side of the hallway. The entrance hallway 1 connects with another hallway 7 - optically screened from the entrance hallway by means of an archway which runs at right angles to the entrance hallway and gives access to the bedrooms grouped around it, namely the first and second children's bedrooms, identified as 8 and 9, and the parents' bedroom 1û.
One of the chiidren's bedrooms 9 is fitted with a bay-type corner window and the bedrooms 8 and 10 each have plain corn0r windows 11. The front of the outside wall AW1 is interrupted by a niche from which projects the balcony slab BP which is connec~ed to the floor slab BO; the balcony is reachable via the balcony or terrace doors TBT in the parents' bedroom 10 and the living room 2. The depth BT and the width BB of the dwelling unit are indicated by arrows. The stairwell unit, consisting of an entrance landing EP and an intermediate landing ZP, as well as the two upper and lower halves of the stairs THO/THU, fits into the stairwell section AS as shown in Fig. 2b.
As can clearly be seen from Fig. 1, this Type "A" modular or sectional building unit can only be used as an end unit at one end or at both ends of a row of units, because it is designed in such a way that the sidewall SW
opposite the stairwell TH contains windows.
In contrast, the Type "B", "C:" and "D" units possess piane and continuous sidewalls SW, which can be connected smoothly together.
These walls are shown in Figs. 3al3b, 4a/4b and 5a/5b.
The left-structured (MSB-L) and right-structured (MSB-R) units shown in Figs. 3a/3b are three-roomed dwelling units of Type "B" design, with a ki~chen ancl utili-ty rooms. Here, again, the above-mentioned reference designations for ~he individual eiements and rooms also apply. The living room 2 and the kitchen 3 are arranged on either side of the entrance hallway 2 which, towards the back of the unit, opens into a transverse 5 hallway 7 giving access to the bedrooms. The parents' bedroom 1û and the children's bedroom B are grouped on either side of the centrally located bathroom 6.
Figs. 4a/4b and 5a/5b are in each case small Type "C" and Type "D"
dwelling units with one room, a kitchen and utility rooms. t!ere, also, the 10 reference symbols used to denote the individual elements and the rooms are the same as those mentioned above.
A modular or sec~ional building unit of special design and designated as Type "G", is shown in Fig. 6. It combines two dwelling units of mirror-image symmetrical structure with a common stairwell TH. The two sidewalls 15 SW are normally arranged at an angle of 90 relative to each other so that with this modular or sectional unit it is possible to erect the structure in thevicinity of intersections or 90 turns in the road and then to attach at each side units of the types shown in Figs. 2 through 5. Of course, embodiments of Type "G" units are possible in which the two side walls form, instead of 20 a 90 angle, either an acute or an obtuse angle in relation to each other.
Here, too, the dwelling units each contain three bedrooms 8, 9 and 10, a kitchen 3, a bathroom 6, a guest toilet 5 and a storage room 4 as well as an entrance hallway 1 and hallway 7 leading to the bedrooms.
The layout and subdivision of the space inside the modular or 25 sectional dwelling units satisfies most people's demands for living space.
With the aid of the layout and subdivision of the units described and presented here, it is possible to standardize the production of such residential structures, while at the same time saving the maximum amount of engineering effort and time.
In the horizontal plane, it is possible to arrange alongside and on top of each other a large number of structural groups, each consisting of two modular or sectional building units matched to each other in mirror-image symmetry .
Within standardized grid struc~ures the modular or sectional building units can have different standardized depths between 8,0 and 16.0 m and widths between 4.0 and 16.0 m. It is thus possible to combine modular or sectional units of different depths and widths together into groups and thereby produce a building with an indented front facade.
Apart from designing the modular or sectional building units with parallel oriented windowless side walls, it is further possible, within the scope of the invention, to orient the windowless sidewalls at an angle of between 22.5 and 60 in relation to each other. An angle of 45 is preferred. With modular or sectional units of such a design, which are also provided in mirror-image symmetry, it is possible to erect buildings on corner sites using the construction principle according to the invention. For this purpose, a corner group of two modular or sec~ional units each having side walls set at angle of 45, or two groups of in each case two modular or sectional units with side walls set at an angle of 22.6 may be combined with one another. In this way, any desired right-angled or oblique-angled solutions with various facade structures can be created on corner sites at road intersections~
Further features call for the ou~er walls to be equipped with balcony or terrace doors instead of windows, together with prefabricated balconies attached to corresponding attachmen~ points.
. .
2 ~ 7 Further special characters and features of the invention may be found in the embodiments o~ buildin~ units according to the invention which are presented in the drawing and described in more detail below.
The Figures show:
Fig. 1: A perspective view of a residential building made up of 12 modular or sectional units.
Figs 2a, 2b A perspective view of a Type "A" modular or sectional building unit, having mirror-irnage structural symmetry.
Figs. 3a, 3b A perspective view of a Type "B'l modular or sectional building unit, having mirror-image structural symmetry.
Figs. 4a, 4b A perspective view of a Type "C" modular or sectional building unit, having mirror-image structural symmetry.
Figs. 4a', 4b' Floor plans of the Type "C" unit Figs. 5a, 5b A perspective view of a Type "D" modular or ses~tional building unit, having mirror-image structural symmetry Fig. 6 A perspective view of a Type "G"
modular or sectional building unit.
The building shown in Fig. 1 is made up, on each of the three levels, ~0 by two Type "A" modular or sectional units having mirror-image structural symmetry, one of which is an MSB-R (right-structured) unit and the other is an MSB-L (left-structured) unit. The right-structured tMSB-P~) unit is adjoined by a left-structured (MSB-L) Type l'D" unit, so that the two halves of the stairwell combine to form the complete stairwell TH. The Type "D" unit is 25 adjoined by another Type "B" unit, which in turn is of right-structured (MSB-R) design, so that here, ~oo, the two halves of the stairwell form a complete stairwell TH in conjunction with the adjoining left-structured ~MSB-L) Type A" unit.
This makes it clear how simply and advantageously differently sized 30 modular or sectional building units of the type according to the invention, can be arranged together side by side in mirror-image structural symmetry, and in each case one pair of such units having the said mirror-image structural symmetry to0ether forms a common stairwell.
2 ~ 7 In the process, as Fig. 1 s~10wS~ a pair of modular or sectional units with a common stairwell can easily be offset along ~he buildiny line in relation to an adjoining pair of units so that t~10 front facade of the buildingcan be broken up, or in order to adapt the builc~ing to the curve or angle of the street.
Figs. 2a and 2b show a Type "A" dwelling unit having 4 rooms and a kitchen as well as utility rooms, again arranged in mirror-image symmetry.
The main entrance door WT opens into the entrance hallway 1, which is bordered, left or right, by a storage room 4, a guest toilet 5 and the living room 2, while the kitchen 3 and the bathroom 6 are arranged on the opposite side of the hallway. The entrance hallway 1 connects with another hallway 7 - optically screened from the entrance hallway by means of an archway which runs at right angles to the entrance hallway and gives access to the bedrooms grouped around it, namely the first and second children's bedrooms, identified as 8 and 9, and the parents' bedroom 1û.
One of the chiidren's bedrooms 9 is fitted with a bay-type corner window and the bedrooms 8 and 10 each have plain corn0r windows 11. The front of the outside wall AW1 is interrupted by a niche from which projects the balcony slab BP which is connec~ed to the floor slab BO; the balcony is reachable via the balcony or terrace doors TBT in the parents' bedroom 10 and the living room 2. The depth BT and the width BB of the dwelling unit are indicated by arrows. The stairwell unit, consisting of an entrance landing EP and an intermediate landing ZP, as well as the two upper and lower halves of the stairs THO/THU, fits into the stairwell section AS as shown in Fig. 2b.
As can clearly be seen from Fig. 1, this Type "A" modular or sectional building unit can only be used as an end unit at one end or at both ends of a row of units, because it is designed in such a way that the sidewall SW
opposite the stairwell TH contains windows.
In contrast, the Type "B", "C:" and "D" units possess piane and continuous sidewalls SW, which can be connected smoothly together.
These walls are shown in Figs. 3al3b, 4a/4b and 5a/5b.
The left-structured (MSB-L) and right-structured (MSB-R) units shown in Figs. 3a/3b are three-roomed dwelling units of Type "B" design, with a ki~chen ancl utili-ty rooms. Here, again, the above-mentioned reference designations for ~he individual eiements and rooms also apply. The living room 2 and the kitchen 3 are arranged on either side of the entrance hallway 2 which, towards the back of the unit, opens into a transverse 5 hallway 7 giving access to the bedrooms. The parents' bedroom 1û and the children's bedroom B are grouped on either side of the centrally located bathroom 6.
Figs. 4a/4b and 5a/5b are in each case small Type "C" and Type "D"
dwelling units with one room, a kitchen and utility rooms. t!ere, also, the 10 reference symbols used to denote the individual elements and the rooms are the same as those mentioned above.
A modular or sec~ional building unit of special design and designated as Type "G", is shown in Fig. 6. It combines two dwelling units of mirror-image symmetrical structure with a common stairwell TH. The two sidewalls 15 SW are normally arranged at an angle of 90 relative to each other so that with this modular or sectional unit it is possible to erect the structure in thevicinity of intersections or 90 turns in the road and then to attach at each side units of the types shown in Figs. 2 through 5. Of course, embodiments of Type "G" units are possible in which the two side walls form, instead of 20 a 90 angle, either an acute or an obtuse angle in relation to each other.
Here, too, the dwelling units each contain three bedrooms 8, 9 and 10, a kitchen 3, a bathroom 6, a guest toilet 5 and a storage room 4 as well as an entrance hallway 1 and hallway 7 leading to the bedrooms.
The layout and subdivision of the space inside the modular or 25 sectional dwelling units satisfies most people's demands for living space.
With the aid of the layout and subdivision of the units described and presented here, it is possible to standardize the production of such residential structures, while at the same time saving the maximum amount of engineering effort and time.
Claims (16)
1. A residential building having at least four dwelling units arranged in at least two storeys, and in which the complete dwelling units (WE) are designed as statically type-tested modular or sectional units (MSB) which are approved for use in the construction of residential buildings, comprising, in combination:
a) self-contained modular or sectional building units (MSB) equipped with all the installations, components and accessories needed and provided to permit immediate occupancy, said units being grouped together into a building of uniform structure, b) each of said building units said building units having at least two opposite outer walls fitted with windows and connected on either side of the unit by two side walls, c) at least one of said side walls being windowless and designed for connection to an adjoining modular or sectional building unit (MSB), d) said units being fitted with at least one ceiling or floor slab, e) each unit being provided for attachment, at one or both sides or vertically on top of or below the slab, of at least one further modular or sectional building unit (MSB) and f) a roof module having a saddle, pent or flat roof adapted to be placed on the topmost modular or sectional building unit (MSB), with which it shares identical connecting dimensions.
a) self-contained modular or sectional building units (MSB) equipped with all the installations, components and accessories needed and provided to permit immediate occupancy, said units being grouped together into a building of uniform structure, b) each of said building units said building units having at least two opposite outer walls fitted with windows and connected on either side of the unit by two side walls, c) at least one of said side walls being windowless and designed for connection to an adjoining modular or sectional building unit (MSB), d) said units being fitted with at least one ceiling or floor slab, e) each unit being provided for attachment, at one or both sides or vertically on top of or below the slab, of at least one further modular or sectional building unit (MSB) and f) a roof module having a saddle, pent or flat roof adapted to be placed on the topmost modular or sectional building unit (MSB), with which it shares identical connecting dimensions.
2. A residential building according to Claim 1, wherein the modular or sectional building units (MSB) include the partition walls with door openings and doors for living and utility rooms and these units contain the necessary photons for their use, the heating and ventilating equipment, complete sanitary fittings in the rooms designed to hold them, water pipes and power supply cables as well as the associated distribution systems, built-in cupboards and shelves in the kitchens and storage rooms, complete windows with slat or roller blinds, balconies fitted with railings and drainage systems, functionally arranged stairwells, together with the associated stairs, shared by and giving access to the dwelling units.
3. A building unit for constructing a residential building according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, further comprising a rectangular floor plan (GR) with at least two load-bearing side walls (SW) linking up with the two load-bearing outer walls (AW) fitted with windows (F), the side wall (SW) containing the entrance to the dwelling unit (WT) being provided with a separate recessed section (AS) forming one half of the stairwell and having an entrance landing(EP) arranged in front of the entrance to the dwelling unit (WT) and an intermediate landing (ZP) between which is hung one prefabricated half section of the stairs (TH).
4. A building unit according to Claim 3, wherein the modular or sectional unit (MSB) is provided in two forms, namely left-structured/MSB-L and right-structured/MSB-R, which have a mirror-image symmetry, at least in the stairwell area, and are connectable to each other in such a way that the opposite halves of entrance landings (EP) and intermediate landings (ZP) together form complete landings between which are hung an upper and a lower half section (THO and THU) of the stairway.
5. A building unit according to Claim 4, characterized by the Fact that all the electrical and water supply lines in both mirror-image symmetrical forms of each modular or sectional unit (MSB) are arranged and distributed in such a way that the connection points or connecting elements with which they are fitted match up exactly along vertical axes.
6. A building unit according to Claim 3, characterized by the fact that the dimensions of the load-bearing outer and inner walls of each modular or sectional unit (MSB) correspond, in the vertical axes and planes of the walls, with an established grid structure in which the depth (BT) and width (BB) of the building unit is determined by several uniform floor plan configurations.
7. A building unit according to Claim 6, wherein the width (BB) of each established floor plan configuration is differently dimensioned according to the established grid structure and corresponds to the different amount of living/utility space in the dwelling unit (WE) formed by the modular or sectional building units (MSB) in question.
8. A building unit according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, wherein up to five modular or sectional building units (MSB) of identical depth (BT) and width (BB) are arranged vertically, one on top of the other.
9. A building unit according to any one of Claims 3 to 7,wherein at least two modular or sectional building units (MSB) are joined to each other by their side walls (SW) in the horizontal direction in such a way that the stairwell recesses (AS) built into them form a common stairwell (TH) for two adjacent dwelling units (WE).
10. A building unit according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, wherein the modular or sectional building units (MSB) have standardized depths (BT) of between 8.0 and 16.0 meters within the given grid structure.
11. A building unit according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, wherein the modular or sectional building units (MSB) have standardized widths (BB) of between 4.0 and 16.0 meters within the given grid structure.
12. A building unit according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, wherein two windowless side walls (SW) of modular or sectional building units (MSB) run parallel to each other.
13. A building unit according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, wherein one (SW) of two parallel-oriented side-walls is windowless so that the unit can be connected to an adjacent building unit (MSB), and the other side wall (AW) is fitted with windows 11, 12) and forms part of the end facade (EF) of a row of building units.
14. A building unit according to Claim 3, wherein one of the windowless side walls (SW) of the modular or sectional building units (MSB) forms an angle of 22.5°, 30° or 60° in relation to the other wall.
15. A building unit according to Claim 14, wherein the outer wall (AW) fitted with windows (F) which closes off the open end of the angle formed by the side walls, consists of two outer wall elements (AW1 and AW2) set at an angle to each other, which join up essentially at right angles with the bordering side walls (SW).
16. A building unit according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, wherein, instead of windows (F), balcony or terrace doors (TBT) are fitted in the outer walls (AW).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9010262U DE9010262U1 (en) | 1990-07-06 | 1990-07-06 | |
| DEG9010262.2 | 1990-07-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2046217A1 true CA2046217A1 (en) | 1992-01-07 |
Family
ID=6855359
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2046217 Abandoned CA2046217A1 (en) | 1990-07-06 | 1991-07-04 | Residential building and a building unit for same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0467191A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2046217A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE9010262U1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT62966A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL290938A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2617911A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-07-24 | Inter Hospitality Holding B.V. | Method and system for construction of a building |
| USD765266S1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2016-08-30 | Vastint Hospitablity B.V. | Prefabricated module design |
| US9464436B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2016-10-11 | Vastint Hospitality B.V. | Prefabricated panel for a building |
| US9631359B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2017-04-25 | Vastint Hospitality B.V. | Prefabricated module for a building |
| US20170175413A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Multi-level fulfillment center for unmanned aerial vehicles |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1048308C (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 2000-01-12 | 吴为民 | New type housing |
| SG147324A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-11-28 | Lim Tong Kay | Multi-storey building design |
| DE102009045443A1 (en) | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-14 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Flat, angled molded plastic and its use as a component in buildings and on facades, preferably as corner windows |
| ITTO20130867A1 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-26 | Roberto Corrado | PREFABRICATED MODULAR HOUSING UNIT |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1684626A1 (en) * | 1967-03-20 | 1971-03-18 | Csep S A | Monolithic modular box assembly |
| GB1313104A (en) * | 1969-07-24 | 1973-04-11 | Elcon Ag | Prefabricated buildings |
| FR2087272A5 (en) * | 1970-05-13 | 1971-12-31 | Sofrac | |
| DE2065437A1 (en) * | 1970-12-15 | 1973-09-13 | Joerg Schroeder | RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITH SEVERAL SINGLE BUILDINGS CONSISTING OF PRE-FABRICATED ROOMS |
| DE2065436A1 (en) * | 1970-12-15 | 1974-02-07 | Joerg Schroeder | RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITH SINGLE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTING FROM PRE-FABRICATED OVERHEAD ROOM CELLS |
| US3835601A (en) * | 1971-08-31 | 1974-09-17 | E Kelbish | Modular construction system |
| BE794042A (en) * | 1972-01-17 | 1973-05-02 | Lely Nv C Van Der | BUILDING IN PARTICULAR A HOUSE WITH AT LEAST TWO RESIDENTIAL LEVELS |
| GB1475284A (en) * | 1973-05-25 | 1977-06-01 | Credelca Ag | Buildings |
| US4000589A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1977-01-04 | Antonio Bianchini | Congruent modular building segments |
| IT1077506B (en) * | 1977-01-21 | 1985-05-04 | Viviani Giuliano | FIXED FRAME BUILDING STRUCTURE AND MOBILE HOUSING ELEMENTS |
| US4118905A (en) * | 1977-07-21 | 1978-10-10 | Shelley Shelley W | Modular building construction system |
| CA1093335A (en) * | 1978-07-31 | 1981-01-13 | Zenon A. Zielinski | Prefabricated stairway module |
| US4345408A (en) * | 1980-06-10 | 1982-08-24 | Cote Paul Arthur | Building structure |
| DE3144596A1 (en) * | 1981-11-10 | 1983-05-19 | Fritz 6457 Maintal Fischer | Structural body for free-standing houses located one against the other |
| US4596097A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1986-06-24 | Stewart Jerry W | Multiple-dwelling structure |
| EP0258589A1 (en) * | 1986-07-17 | 1988-03-09 | Friedrich Lindner | Detached house with at least four appartments |
| DE8913876U1 (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1990-01-18 | Bourdichon, Alain, Tacoronte, Teneriffa, Es |
-
1990
- 1990-07-06 DE DE9010262U patent/DE9010262U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-07-04 PL PL29093891A patent/PL290938A1/en unknown
- 1991-07-04 CA CA 2046217 patent/CA2046217A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-07-04 HU HU226991A patent/HUT62966A/en unknown
- 1991-07-08 EP EP91111367A patent/EP0467191A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2617911A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-07-24 | Inter Hospitality Holding B.V. | Method and system for construction of a building |
| WO2013110616A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-08-01 | Inter Hospitality Holding B.V. | Method and system for construction of a building |
| US9464436B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2016-10-11 | Vastint Hospitality B.V. | Prefabricated panel for a building |
| EP3093406A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2016-11-16 | Vastint Hospitality B.V. | Construction of buildings by prefabricated elements |
| US9556632B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2017-01-31 | Vastint Hospitality B.V. | Method and system for construction of a building |
| US9631359B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2017-04-25 | Vastint Hospitality B.V. | Prefabricated module for a building |
| USD765266S1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2016-08-30 | Vastint Hospitablity B.V. | Prefabricated module design |
| USD867616S1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2019-11-19 | Vastint Hospitality B.V. | Prefabricated module |
| US20170175413A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Multi-level fulfillment center for unmanned aerial vehicles |
| US9777502B2 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-10-03 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Multi-level fulfillment center for unmanned aerial vehicles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUT62966A (en) | 1993-06-28 |
| HU912269D0 (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| PL290938A1 (en) | 1992-03-09 |
| DE9010262U1 (en) | 1990-09-20 |
| EP0467191A1 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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