HUE027764T2 - Készülék mûanyagok újrahasznosításának elõkészítéséhez - Google Patents

Description

APPARATUS T.N£ T8EATMRÎ OF PLASTtC X5ÄTgR!AL

Description m relaies & an apparatus apordlng to to ptm$M of DJatt 1.

Tj-je poor art reveeis numerous teller apparatuses of Äug design, comprising a receiver or cutter compactor for the comminution, heating, softening and treatment of a plastics matant te Pe rs®ycied, and also, attsbbed terete, s mW®·0f etedet ter me melting of fee material feds prepare! The aim tee is to obtain a ftei product of fee highest possible qpaiy, mostiyrinthpform of peseta. §y way of example, IP 123 271 or IP 3Ü 822 describe apparatuses with a receler and, atefeeo fester m eteden äüs te^fesIcSiSSSÄMrÄged Into fee receiver is comminuted through rotation of me comminution and mixing Inciements and is fluidises, and is teuiteoebusiy heated: by teenersy Iteduced. k mites with sufficiently good tenpgerteitps fcs formed. This mixture is .discharged alter p appropriate restete time feSi the receiver fete the sdmvofessed extruder, and is conveyed during this process, piastlfed or melted. The arrangemenî here has tffe seresfebased steder approximately at feo tevét of : the dommin utldn implements. The softened plashes padidlSS are thus actively forced or stufied info fee extruder by fee mixing implements, IP i 233 8§:§II discloses a device asr»fdlr| to fee preamble of daim 1. blest of these designs, which: have been known for e long: firne, however, are unsaiisfadfery in: respect: of fee quality of the :freefed:$asÉs material obtained at the outgoing; end: of the screw, ante in respect of fee quarfetative ou^ut or feroughpef ë fee screw. drittes! Is fee end quality of the product are, Irstiy. the: quality of the pretreated or softened polymer material feat enters fee sonveyor or extruder from fee cutter pompate, and. additionally, the situation at intake and on conveying or, where appropriate, extrusion. iReleyant ladtors feere :Ädd feeotengfe of fee IndSfeduai regions or aones of fee screw, and also the screw pammefers, such as. lor example, screw thickness, fgbt depths, and so on. in fee case of the present cutfer compactortconveyor combinations, accordingly, there are pedicular circumstances, since fee material which enters fee teveyor is: not introduced dveetiy, without treatment and cold, but instead has already been pretreated in fee cutter compactor, six. heated, softened and/or partly crystallized, etc. This is a co-determining factor for the inteke and for fee quality #fee mafsrfel.

The two systems - that is. fee cutter compactor and the conveyor- exert an inference on one another, and fee outcomes of fee Intake and öf'thé fefcer mmyim·,. inf tompáiéin. mm approprlste:. are heavily dspendent on fee preireadaesi and fee consistency of fee materia:. :0ns important region, accordingly, is the interface between fee cutter compaefer and fee conveyor,, fe other words fee region tn whip tea : homogenized pretreated material is passed from fee cutter compactor Into fha convepr er extruder, On fee ope band,, this is a purely mechafeoei problem ares, requiring fee: coupling ® one another of two differently operating desleefe Moreover, this Interface is teaky forte: psiymer material as wsfe since at this point fee material is usually, ofese to fee rrteig§ range, h a highly soltened state, but is not allowed to melt, if fee temperature is too low, then there are fais in the throughput and the quali%; if fed temperature is too high, certain places, feen fee fetake leadmes blocked, furthermore, precise metering and feeding of fee conveyor :s difetii, since the systemIs a closed system and feere is no direct assess to fee intake; instead:, fee feeding of fee material takes place from: fee cotter eempate; and: therefore cannot be infieenced diteofiy, via a gravimetric: mefenng device, for example. I Is femes'« critical re design fess bansisön dot only in s mschoniceliy considered way, In older words wild m uodemfenfersg: of Ids polymer properties, but at the same time to consider fha eeormmiss: of Ids overall oporation » in other words, high throughput end appropriate quality. tadipreodtidliisds to be observed bare ars m some esses mbfoaly Ämdictory. A |e#re shared by the apparatuses 'km the prior art and alantod in the introduction is that Sie direction of csnveyfeg or e! rotation of the mixing and comminution: implements, and therefera fee direction in which the parties of materiel circulate in. the reviver, and the direction of conveying of the extruder, are in essence identical or have the seme sense. This arrangement, selected intentionally., was the result or the desire to maximize sfelng of me rn&tente into the screw, or to ferc-e-feed tie screw. This concept of stuffing me pMcies into the convoying screw or extruder screw in me direction of conveying ef the screw was aids vary pPfefeiP and was in line wife tie familiar linking of tbs person skied >n the ad, since it means that fee particies do oet have to reverse their direction of movement and there is therefore he need to exert any additional feres for the change of directe. An oopfeiva here, and in; Äst derivative dsvelopfbsiste, was aiwap to maximize screw P and to amplify its stoihg effect. By way of example, attempts have also been made k extend the intake region of the extrader In the manner of a consorfo curve ie comminution imptemenis in fee shape ofs sickle, so that these can asHike a trowel In feeding fee softened materia! into the setm. Btepiaoemefe of the extruder, m àèWmt side, horn s rsdialpositioo to a tangential: position in relation to the container further amgiifted the stuffing effect, and Increased the feme with which the plasties material from fee cirrmlafiog implement was conveyed or femed Into the extruder.

Apparatuses of this type are fepnciple capable of fenctaing, and they operate saiisfeofertiy, although with recurring prebiems: By way of example, an ehSof repeatedly observed wife maillais with low ehergy content. e,o. PET Äs or FBI falte or with materials which ai a low temperature become sticky or soft, &g. polylactlo selb ΤΡΙΑ), ts feat when, Infenfionally,Üi§ öf the piasters material: info the: intake region of fie extruder, under pressure, is srfelevsd by cferapdhsnis moving in the: same sense, this leads fe: premature melting of fie mafenal fnsmedtstery after, or else In, fee Intake region of the extrader. This firstly reduces the conveying attest· of me extruder, and secondly there cad also m ssa reverse How of the said melt into the region of fee cifer edhpeisr or receiver, with: the result that litekes that have net yet melted adhéra to fee mefe and In fenMbemel ids cPdls and to some extent:solidifies, wife fesufant formation of a clump or conglomerate made ai to seme extent sblteisd melt and df solid plashes particles. This capses bteckap on tie Make of the extruder .gad caking of the mixing and; comminution imptemenfs. A further omrsequesce Is redustron of it throughput of the extruder, since adequate fling of the screw is no longer aohreved. Another possillity here láthat movement of the mixing and comminution implements is prevented, in such cases, the system normally has to be shut down and feofeoghiy cleaned,

Froblerns also occur wife polymer materials which have already been heated in the cutter compactor ψ to fee vicinity of their meSiteg radge. If overling offre in» region; occurs here, fee material melts and intake fe impaired,

Probten® are also ertoountered wife: heroes materials that are mostly orientated and linear, with a certain amount of longitudinal elongation and few thickness or spnsss, fer srtasfl Iptesttes foils cut into strips, A. main reason for this te that fee elongate material iamietoed at fee outflow end of fee intake aperture: of fee screw, where: one end of the strip protrudes into the receiver and the other end protrudes into fee intake region. Since fee mixing implements end fee screw are moving in fee same sense# exert the .same eenvepg#actton component and pressure component on fee material both ends of fee strip m subjected te tension and pressure in fee sème árectíom and release of fee ship becomes impossible. This in turn leads to accumaialen of fee material Or fee said to* narrowing of the cress section of the intake aperture, and to poorer 1» perfermanes and, as a fuiXher consequence, to reduced throughput. The increased feed pressure In fele regien can moreover cease melting, and: this In turn causes fee problems: mentioned in fee introduction -

Omrofsting cutter compactors of this kind have had a variety of extrudem of conveyors: attached; to: them, the results having; in principle been enfireiy aooepkfete end atlmelive. The applicant, however, has performed comprehensive: fevesiigatiens for maing stlil further improvements to the spiers as a whom· 1! is therefore m object of tee present Invention to wmm& ©e disadvantages mentioned and; to »prove a» agparates of ©e; type desenPed in the introduction in such a way as to permftprobiemte» ©f^ materia© by tue screw, and also of those materials that m sens!©© or sfopfeped. and fa permit pressing sr »atefe of those materials to give material or nigh quality, with high and constant throughput, white saving energy.

The ehdraeisrfelng testeras; of Claim 1 sohieve this object; in an apparatus of is type mentioned in the tsitesdoetien. A Irsf provision here is. that the imaginary cfeauafe of le centrât tatgitwfesl axis of Ire corsveyor, m peticuisr extruder, tf ©Is has only a single screw, or the longliudteal axis of tea screw ciosesf to tee intake aperture, ft the conveyer has more ©an one screw, in the direction opposite to the direction of conveying of the conveyor, passes, and does not intersect, the axis of rotation, where, on the outflow side © ©a direction of rotation of ©e imptements, there is an offset distance between the iongitudhsa! axis of tee conveyor, I ©is has a single screwy or ©e tengte©©© axis cites screw closest to the Intake aperture, and tee radius that © associated wite tee container and that is pareil© to the longitudinal axis and test proceeds outwards fro© the axis of rotation fee mixing an#)r comminution Imprhsnt In the

The ©reckon of conveying of tee rmx-ng implements and teo direction of conveying of the conveyor are therefore no longer in the seme sense, as Is known horn és prior art; but instead are at least te e small extent» ©e opposite sense, as# the stuffing afest mentioned in the introduction is fîtes reduced. The intentes! reversât of the direction of rotation of the mixing snl ítemminpte implements in comparison with apparatuses known hitherto reduces the teed pressure on the intake region, and the risk of oyeriinjj decreases. © this way, excess materia! is not stuffed or troweiied with excessive pressure ©to the intake region of the convspriM instead,: in contrast; ©ere fo © fact © turn a tendency to remdve excess mfefoten ©at region, in sur© a way that although titers :1s always sufficient material present © tee intake tegioa, tee additional pressure exerted is small er almost aero, Th is method can provide adequate flliing of the smew and constant ©take of suieient maiadat by the screw, without any overfimg of the screw with,: as a further consequence, Ifepressore peaks where the material could mel ©eking of the material telne regiorr of the intake Is ©us prevented:, and operating efficiency is ©erefore increase© maintenance Intervals are ©erefore lengthened, shortened;.

By virtue of tee mduced ieed pressure, displaceable elements which can be used in a known manner te regalate the degree of ling of the screw reset markedly mom senailwsly, and tee degree of llhg of tee screw cat he adjusted writs even grastet precision:, This makes I easier to find The Idea! point at which to operate the system, in particufar for nfevefy heavy materials, for exempte tegrind; made o?:hig:h:teoneityoölyefhyiane: f:H:pPE/^:'PiT.

Su'P s m X ans advantageously it has moreover been found ©at operation; te the opposite sense, according to ©e muenftem •n was ' owe of materiale which have already been seized; almost is tee pofot of melting, fa parifeuiaf when ©a material is steady tea doughy or softened condition, ©escrew oai fc»:É® to#y.nn§ 'somite ©s oKttir# fee case Of a direction of rotation In the direction of con veying; of the screw, this ring would instead be pushed onward, and removal oben outer layer by ©e screw: would not be possible, with résultent ©matenem of teteke. The reversai si tee direction of rotation, according to the invention, tebids ©fo.

Furthermore, the retention or accumulation phenomena formed © the case of tea treatefont o? tee nmtenais whir© have been described above arte are In strip form or feus can be read»© mere easriy. or do not econr at a© fee, ^ ihaepedum edge siwsred in ©e direction Of rotation of tea mixing implements on ©e outfiow side ordfeteream. tea dirssfien vector for tee mixing implements: and tee direction vector for ©e conveyor po>ol ® almost oppositetefeons, or te directions ©at feast to a email extent have opposite sense, and ®. elongate atrip cannot therefore become curved around, end raffed by, tee said edge, but instead becomes entrained agate by foe mixtef vortex© the receiver

The overall effect of ten design; according to tee invent©« fa ©at ©Me performance is »proved and teroeghput is markedly increased: The stability and performance of ©a entire system madeof cutter compacter and conveyor m tr-us increased.

The applicant has further round fern by ccnigaripg: IPs mixing and comminution implements la a particular wav- it is possible is achieve surprising advantageous effects which have a direct m fiuenee: m fee in taire perffemrence of fee pep veyor of extruder; Ascordtogiy;, prévirÉm is also m$s,: in mætèm®· wir fee foventim fei ine setting: arm!® y of tos tatai: edp ®f fee taialy outermost, mixing ahdfer oomminufem implement, closest te te hasé, ë -of Éé · ísÉaijy ataposl Äte íií&ie to comply wife the relationship y ~ K * d * K, where d Is tbs average diameter of the screw ln rem in the region of the intake aperture, K Is aisctor or a sonstsnt In the range from 15 to 35. k is a factor In the range horn 008 to 0.2.

The sotting angle y there its measured at the radially mrtaresf point offee mfefeg snd/or comminution implement, closest to the fesse,: or of Ée implemeati âhd/or blade, that re, the angle between the confeufeidp of'lbe, irrt |ss:rttötriiar frontal edgsr arid: fee radere re?: the container nmnfeg through mis outermost peinl; k tie obritfecfidn:, thé ÜD ratio its to any case greater: than or equal to T, preferably greater than or equal to 10 or even greater, preferably greater tits* IS. The diameter of the screw is the average diameter in the regten downstream of the Intake aperture,

Tire implements clreuiatig1 in the container ke>w P effect on ftre materrel, cot only stuf Ing: it Into fee screw, M aisé: miking it, driving fee material around in m oonmlrrer end teoromÉly rrfeeng it, If blades are present, Imres also have a cutting or commfeofing effect:

This means that the setting angle m ra;»n to toe radius to smalls, too smaller toe screw Is, The smaller fee seeing angle is, toe more toe materia! that to to be treated is driven around m the cutter compactor and toe less it is stuffed into toe screw. The larger toe setting angle is, too more fee imptomsnto or trades have a stufieg effect and as s result the materia! remains for a; shorter time in the suiter compactor, end fee particles srecutisss frequently,

Tire smaller toe screw to, toe smaller toe ptottoles must: also be, with toe already oospores rend softened particles: tretteving in; a mariner slmifei to fluid in the region: of: tire intake. This msanstoat the materia! mufe be driven ereand more, as a result of which the Implemente act upon the matériát, orlheblades outit,: te s.greater extent,; Tha impientenis of systems with stater screws therefore have more demands sad mrret abootagiy :be provided with a amaitor

The larger the screw is, toe more ths implement esn stuf or aotjlkg: a: trowfe, tout, is, toe greater toe seing angle pah: be, since s larger screw foleretes torger partieies or esfi fake is and process larger prtisiés:,

Mia: result oftorerefotishship specified,: an optimum: has been found between cuing: and siding fey tore specie! system. iln this connsction, it has: surprisingly been discovered; fest, due to fee gentle stuffing behaviour affected because of fee opposite difeefiemdf rotation of the mixing Implements, implements Pan be used to. toe suiter eornpagter feat are more aggressive: and feet: imroduce mere energy into the material, Accordingly, the cutter compactor can be epereted at a relatively fegh temperature. a consequence: of which: to turn: is betterfeomogeneity wife a reduced residence time. According fe fee fevtaom priouiady good and effective introductior; of energy is achieved by toe particular setting angles of fee implements fn rehifee wife fetor, fee imfeemenis·, reverse direction of rotation. ártotoer utaPÇted tasaqoeoee of such a sgmbfeatlon of a cutter compactor with implements set up !h such a: way and corresponding diretoson of relation and sn attached extruder is improved melting jpertermance or the meieria! In the extruder since particles which are ^eady w# preheatod :pMS info :toe screw. This provides compensation lor possible fehomogerrsity, and the materiéi ;toat passes from the itrentordef tofe screw housing and: is toes sompresssd and melted 1res h=gh thermal and meohamc^ homogeaeity. The: hna! guaisty ë toe tosstifed or agglomeretei: maÄ at fee end: af ^e extruder screw bref: fee agglomerating screw is oomespontor# else ^ry f^b, and | is possible to use screws which - because of toe pretreatmenf; sod toe toteke ··· treat tire pofymer In a norvaggressive marmsr and introduce a partionrarly small amount to ehsar int© fee rosterisl in order to melt the seme. iffeedveri. fee: constancy c? sasit to. & higto,, Ä fee femeppet; performances are feto «etet, sód thsj a# operates resafely #feoei sföysms associated sä fee filling of ifee: screw.

Farther advamageoes of fee invention are described m fee following festeres:: A setting: angle feet is advantageous in practice lies in fee rage ism 20* to 6ÖÄ te particular 30* to SO*.

Assofto te <to· Petered ferfeer dayetepríteal it is advantageous: if fee setting angle y addifteáiiy also cempties with fee relationship y ~ k1 'O-s + .Ki, where

Os Is fee infemst diameter in nrcn of fee cylindrical cutter compactor or container wife circular cress section or fee internai diameter In mm of an imaginary cylindrical container wife c-rcaiar crass section wtrlch Is or fee same height arid is calculated to have fee safeemiume capadtfe Kl : is: a factor dr a eonatent'm fee range ten}2 to 40,

Mi Is a factor fe iherange from 0.005 to 0.015. in cutting systems, that is, contained wife blades, feere fe tes tendency ter feesefeng angle of fee outermost implements to be dependent epee fee diameter oi fee cutter compacter. He· greater fee diameter of fee ccmalher is. fed greater fee setfeg angle refetlve to fee radius is and fee greater fee disserte of fee imptenfent fa fee wait of fee cuder compacter mete fee. The implement tlte hds more of a siding effect than a elmpialrig feledt, ft tbs distance to fee container waif becomes very small fee perfides ttetwasn fee container wall and fee mrpiemebt ere pinstof ml- fee disc can felo$* fa ihis fecsinectipn, it hsa proved: advaritagedpe; in evperimente if fee stelteg angle fer eonffebérs wife: diernteem smsiterfeen ?§g mm lies in fee range from 2d* to 3:r, for ccbtelnem wife diameters of/50 mm Id 1300 mm If Fes in fee range from 28® to 42s, ml for containers wife iametars greater feste í38ü ram ft fies te the range from 3S* te W.

If is precisely irr this connection feat 11 Is parttefeady advantageous if fee: radial distance of the implement mp: measured; from the radially oetermete point of the feteing mái&amp;mmlmés® tenement; closest to fee base, or impiemto aedter blades provided feere, er trete fee descried ferde defined: |y feie point, aefar as tee tetter sorfejtbe side wÄ of fee cefeioen ccmtete wife the relationship mb ~ k$ * Efe »toe

Qs is fee iteemei diameter in mm of s cylfedncel container vitr circular cress section or tire interns: diameter In mm or an imaginary cylindrical containerwife circular etesd section wich is of the ssmehfeght end is csleefeted fe have the same volume capacity, and K3 is a constant in f re range bom D 006 to 0.16.

Advantageously, the redial distance of the implement mb lies in fee rsnge tom: 15 mm te 120 mm, preferably in fee range from 20 mm to 80 mm.

The smaller fee seing angle is, fee closer fee implements can come to fee cefeirter waft. The larger fen seing angle is, fee more fee cut of the elades has a drawing or drawing in action and the further fee implements must he spaced away torn: fee container: wäll te: order te prevent teidéâp add Orbing canoed thereby as a result or parldies caught therein.

In this connection, if has been discovered by way cl tests float wife a setting angle is fee top horn W te W, fee: mteimurp radial distance of fee implement mb adyeteagsousiy lies in fee range from 15 mm to Iff mm, teteit a seingtengte la fee range from 45*Το States minimum racial dlteshoe oi fee implement mb is advanlageousiy gmater fhän ör sgdal te 35mm The applicant has fefte foubd feat by teterposmg a pariteuter distance tomen fee m»§ and commitoisn Imptements end fee screw fl is possible tel stove advantageous effects wich have a direct irfeuenee on the intake eebaviour of fee ccfeveyor or extruder, in accordance wtfe a ferfeer asVantagoous development, provision Is made ter fee smallest possible distance ms between the implement and fee screw to described fey fee relationship ms < k4 d * K, where d is fee average dismeter of the screw in mm Irr fee region of fee intake: aperture. IÍ2 is a factef or a constant in: fee rangs from 28 te f 8(5 more: partlcuiaby 2d is 80;, 32 Is a faster in the range frcm: :û,03 te 114, more partisdiariy 8104 te 0.25:.

The distance ms preferably lies in the rangé from 15 mm te 150 myn· The distance ms is tien measured from the radially outermost point of the lowermost mixing and/or comminution amplement, closest to base, or imptemems artofer biases that protrude: away and are pretied loere, up to á pociit isctoed on the envelope of the screw biosest to the intake aperture,: The distecs ms here runs ëag a radios which extends fern the axis #ptste of the etoitoinet and passes through the apertures and theiatatio apeduro up to the; screw, The distance ms IS the stalest possible distance which can fee occupied fey the tip of the Implement relative to toe screw when the tip of the implement rotate along pasi the screw, in the case pi a tangential disposition of the screw to the container. ín operálom the outermost implement tip moves past the aperture or Intake aperture. In This case the distance ehenges ccnteousiy, and there las rrurnmum distance rns.

If; apooftteoe wife a further embodiment, provision is made for at least one. preferably a plurality of. further implements or blades to fee provided situated further inwards radially . The setting angle of earn implement or blade, measured She tire setting angle y, at tosir respecte ratoeiiy; oulerpost peints, between in« continuation of Their, in: particularly teigfei, frontal edges: and thé radius funning through ils point is id each case spsilfer than the seing angle of is immsdlateiy adjacent implement or blade sífitert further outwards. Tito lit# implements; or blades are preferably situated oh: the same hsrlteSai plana or m arranged on the same earner disc:;: Since in the region of The container located further inwards the angular velocity of the implements Is tower, the impiémeets mfesti be oriented: swetraásily', in a range fro® to 30^. preferably S* to 25°, in order to; asceierste toe material in a ooftetedtog manner to the cimumfe?wntial diretes.

According to arr advantageous: development of the Invention,: the conveyor is arranged on the receiver in such s way that the scalar product of toe direction: veder (direction vector that; is associated with: lie direction of rotation) that is tangential to toe circle described by toe radially outermost point of toe mixing: arid/df oomtoirmtios Imptement or to toe siaslbs mstortä transported; past toe aperture: and that is normst to a radius of the receiver and that points in toe direction of rotation ot o? rnpvemeof of toe mixing abd/br comminute implement and of toe Äcfe vector that is associated: with toe olrocte of conveying of the conveyor at each indtviâia! point or to the entire region bite sparte region immediately radially in front of the aperture is aero or negative. The region; 'mm&amp;Mgfy radially in front of the aperture; is defined as mat region which is: to frost of toe aperture and át whtob toe material is fust about to pass through the aperture hut has not yef passed the aperte> The edvantaps: menteted toe tofroducte are toes achieved, and there is effective avoidance of ali typos of agglomeration in toe region of the intake aperture. brought about by stuffing effects, in particular hero, there is also no dependency on toe spatial arrangement of toe mixing implements arid of the screw in relation to one another, and by why of example toe orientation of the axis of rotation does not have to be normái to toe basai surface or to toe longitudinal axis of the conveyor or of the saew. The direction vector that is associated with the direction of rotation and toe direction vector that Is associated with the direction of conveying fie within a, preferably horizontal plane, or in s pisne orientated; so as to be normst to toe axis stetem, in aostosr advantageous formation, the angle included between the direction vector that Is associated with the direction or rötete of toe mixing and/or comminution implement and toe direction vector tost is associated with toe direction o? conveying of toe convey®· Is greater than or equal to 90* and smaiier than or eguai to ISO“, where the angle Is measured at toe point of intersection of toe two direction vectors at toe edge that is associated with the aperture and that is situated upstream of the direction of rotation, or of movement, in particular at the pótot that is on too said edge or on the aperture and is situated furthest upstream. This therefore describes toe rsnp of angles Äin which the convepr must be arranged on the receiver In order to achieve the advantageous effects, in the entire region of the aperture or at each indfvidyaf point oi toe aperture, toe forces acting oh Ée material ere theroiore tented si least to a smalt extent to an oppote tem or into«: extreme aase the orien tation is perpendicular and pressai emeufrai. At m pint of toe aperture is toe später product of the dirocte vectors of the mixing implements and of the screw positive. and no excessive stuffing effect occurs even in a subregion of the aperture.

Pother advantageous; forrasto of Ιπνβί^έΙοΟ: prpvidestoat to angle included betweep the direction vector that is associated; sä És- díresfeh et rotation or of moyetyieuland the ddedffeo vector that: is associated with tie direction 0 conveying to bom !fp to fSO*, measured: at the posit of intersection of the two direction: vectorsft fee midie of the apertem, Bis type of armfegemeif is relevant by way of exempte when fee '%m&amp;w is srrangeddangsniialy on le Cotter compactor, to Order to ensure fnaf no excessive sluing «is Occurs, foe disfonoe, of the oSsei between: lé tengítodinsi axis and the radius can; advantageously fee creator than or equal to hall of ist« Mentái diameter of fie tosfe§ df fo® conveyor or of the screw.

It can moreoverbrr advantagesus for thésè purposes to sat toe distance or offset between foe tongitodtoai axis and the radios fa fee greater Ip or equal to ?%, or sil mm advantageously greeter ip or squat te W%, öf toe radius of the receiver. Is |no cas® of cenpyors with a prolonged intake region or with a grooved bushing; or extended; hoppé?, § can be adysntogaous tor this distance or offset to b® greater than or equal to too radine of toe receiver. This Is particularly intefor oases where too conveyor is attached tangentially to the receiver or runsstangentlalty to the cross section of toe container.

Sfi&amp; prfiotoarly advantageous if the iongiiudfoai axis of tie con veyor dr of toe screw or toe tongitoirsat axis of toe screw dosest fp toe intake aperture mss fangertosily with respect to the inner ide of the side watt of toe estotoidf, or toe inner «a! of toe housing: does so. or the envelope of the screw does so, if feeing preferable drat there to s dnve edhrmcfsd to foe end of toe screw, and tost toe screw provides conveying, at its opposite end. to a feisoharge aperture, In particular an extruder head, atostopd at the end of toe housing to the case or conveyors that are radially offset, but not arranged; tangentially, ft ;s advantageous; to provide that toe imaginary continuation of toe fongttudtoaf axis of tbs conveyor to a Érection opposite to t® Paction of conveying, at least In sections, passes, 'm the form of a secant, through the space within the receiver,

It is advantageous to preside that them is aperture and toe totolm aperture, without sufestanSM separation or a transfer section, e g. a mrnrn^ mm. This permits elective and non-aggressive fetohsfer of material

The reversal of toe direction of rotation of toe mixing and comminution Imptoments elmulat® g in toe -xntoinar can certainly not mseit from arbitrary action or negligence, and it is not possible -- either in toe known apparatuses or in toe apparatus according to the invention - simply to allow the mixing implements to rotate in the opposite direction, in particular because toe arrangement Ä Süli end csmmfouiton implements is-to a certain: way asymmetocsi or directiop-orieied, end their A»| therefore onfy single-sided ohfehihiredforial, It this type of equipment were to be rotated infenttenaiiy to: toe wrong direction, a good mixing vortex would not form, and them weuid he no adequate comminution or heating of the matehai:. Each setter compactor Ihsmtore has its unalterably prescribed direction; of rotation of toe mixing and comminution imokmwnte.

In this connection, it is partteoisdy vtevsnispous to provide liât toe manner of formation. curvature, set-up máim arrangement Of the frontal: regions nr fmntai edges that are associated wife the mixing safeor comminution iteptemenls, set on toe piastres material and pdtof in fee dfeotien of rotation or of movement diem when pmparison is made wifo fee regions toat.: to the dlmctten of rotálod or ot movement, are at the rear or behind.

The implements müm ïMm san either have beep festened direotiy on toe shaft or preferably m sltofepi m a rotstabto fesptemem carrier <m\ respectively, a earner disc arranged in padisbiar parallel toi toe basal surface, or era formed therem or moulded onto the same, optionally as a single piece, in principle, foe effects mentioned are relevant not only to compressing extruders of aggtemeraiors but aSso fe:cocveyiri§ shrews toaihave ns, or toss, eemsresstog sfef. sere again, ioeai oserfesd is avoided.

In another particularly advantageous formation, it is provided that the receiver Is to essence cyiinctocsi with a teve! basai surface and Wife orientated vdtfeiiy: is relaie® thereto, a side fái which bas toe shape of toe jacket of a eyiihrier In «softer simple deep, toe axis: of fetation coincides with the: centist axis; ef fee receiver; to another advantageous ferineiien,. foe axis; of ref alton or the eeiAraf axis of tho oentstnsr m agitated v&amp;rîioaliy and^r norrfï^lj in relation to foe basst surface. mese parhct# poiasfrtss apÄs rnfa^e psífen^íca, wife an apparats design fhslpfovfees stability and simple coasfeMiori. te fois oormeetion % is also aavaataposs to prosida Äat fits ##§ andrer comnähuflon implement or, if a Plurality oimpfeaKy superposed Äfe§· and/or comminution implements have bps pfovidedi; Ibp lowest »π| anafor oostrainofiop; irnpiemspi closest to fee base is arranged at: a smsildlsfanse from the basai: sühfeea, .¾ particular in in« region ©fee lowest quarter of fee height of the receive?,: and: also tfelfee apedure Is similarly:arranged, lté distança fiat® is seined ana measured from: ibe lowest edge of the apertars or of the intake apertere to fee eenislngr base in the edge region of feesoatafesr. ihere is: mostly some 'ooftiiogpf tbe edge at tha comer, and me distance Is therefore measured from lise lowest edge of fie aperune aiong the imaginary cpnlsuations cl the side wail downwards to the imaginary outward conffeuaffon of the container pas®· Distances wsfe good suitabiilfy ere tern 1D to 4QÖ mot.:

Iba container dees net necessarily bays to have a cyhndneaf shape with circular cross: seefofe, even, though .its. shape is advantageous fer practicai reasons: and reasons of manufacturing fechnofogy: When eoritafeer shapes deviate: tom fee oyiinddcai shape with circular cross section, example 'fté'éh^é of a truncated mm·® cylfedrlcai containers whfeh, in plan v!ew: are elliptical or oval, a paieuietion is required for conversion to a cylindrical comasoer which has amufarcrose section arid tie same volume capacity, on the assumption that the height of this imaginary container is the same as its diameter.. Container heights here which are substantially higher than the resultant mixing vortex fatter staking into account the: distance required for safety): ere Ignored:,: since: this excess container height Is M ufed and if : therefore has no further effect on foe processing of the mstspal

The expression: conveyor in the: present: esse means systems with screws that have aso-compressing: or decompressing effect :!,:s. screws which: have: purely conveying effect, M #o systems with screws foat have <pßp«ss|$#sgjt;shrews with: aggipmergfingor plastlfying effect.

The expressions extruder and extruder screw in the present text mean extruders or smews used for complete or partial melting of the material: and also extruders used to agglomerate, but not melt, the softened materia!. Screws with agglomerating effect sufeest the materia! to severe compression and shear only for a short time, but do not piaslity fee materia: The outgoing end of the agglomerating screw therefore delvefe material: which has not been ccmpiefoly melted: Put which instead is composed of only at their surface, which have been caked fepfeer as if by sintering. However, In both oases the screw exerts pressure on thamsfohai and compacts it.

Ail of foe examples: desonhed ift fee: figures below depict: conveyors with: a single screw, for example single-screw extruders. However, if: is also possible as an alternative to provide conveyors wife more than: one screw, for example Mm or multlpefew conveyors or twin- or mufeserew: extruders. In particular with a plurailty of identical screws, which: at least :have fog: same dtaofofem d:.

Further features and: advantages of the invention are apparent: from the description of fee inventive: examples beiow of fee subfoot matter of fee in vention, which are net to be interpreted m- restricting:: and whfph fee drawings depict dfegrammatiosiiy dhd nsf to scale:

Figure 1: shows a vertical section through: an appargus according to fee Invention With extruder attached approximately tangenysy,

Figure 2 shows a horizontal section through the emdodimeht of Figure 1..

Figura 3 shows another eufoodimen i with minima; offset.

Figure 4 shows another embodiment with relatively large offset

Naitherdhe containers, nor fee screws nor the mixing implements are to scale, either themselves or in relation ts one snofeer, in the drawlnge, By way of example, therefore, fee oontafears are in reality mostly farger, or fee screws longer, than defected here.

Th© advantageous putter @mpactor.-ex!ruder miïfàatèw: depicted in Figure t and Figure 2 for fee tfeálment or resting of pfesfte material bos a cfenddcai container or eutter eospeetor or st5redct^· 1 wife clmoler crass sefefon, wife a tevéi, iWrfeental pasai surface 2 sod wife s vertical side wail S ortentee normally ·$®νφ veto the shape of a oylnher jacket.

Arranged: at a small dlsisftca Ifem the basal surface 2, at; most at about IS &amp; 20%, or opifenpily less, cite height: of fee side waif $... measured freie the basai sbrfsce2 to tbs uppermost #p of the side wail 9 - Is m Imptehiehi carrier 13 or a level pprellei to fee basal surfooe 2,, which oarfier or disc ear* be Mated:, is fee direction 12 of Malten or of movement indicated by err arrow $% around a contrai aids Iff of Maltefe vfetcb is sinAneousiy fee mM axis of tie sontafeer 1. A motor % located below fee container 1, drives fee carrier disc 13. On the upper side of fee carrier disc 13, blades or m$mm, *&amp; ^fes.14 -PS arranged, and together wife fee carrier iso IS form foe mixing and/or eonvrifeetion: implement 3.

Mindested in fee diagram, fee blades 14 ere not arranged:symmetrically on fee oamer iso 13:: Put:Instead; have a particular manner of foresail,. sokig or aifohgsmsnfbb fesif frontet edges 22lading in fee direction 12 of Malten w mmMm&amp;k so that they can have a specific ;msdhsnioa! effect on fee píssfcs matériái.: The rafealiy setermnst edges of fee mixing and comminution implements 3 reach a point which is relatively close to, about 5% of fee radius 11 of fee container 1 from, fee inner surface of fee side wail 9.

The container 1 has. near fee top, a charging aperture through which the product to he processed, e.g. posons of plastics foils, is charged by way of example by means of a conveying device in fee direction oi fee arrow. The sonfeloer 1 can, as an alternalve, be a closed oanlafeer and capete of evacuation af least as tar ás an Indbsthsl vauutrm, fee material being:: introduced by way of a system of valves, the said: product is received by fee circulating feixihl and/or comminution: iibplbrnents: 3 and is. raised to formte m-xlng: vortex 30:., where fee product rises plong fee vertical side waif l and,: apppbmsigiynn fee mph: of the efteette container height Hi, falls back again inward: and downward into fee: region of fee centre of the cenfetneb under gravity. The effective height H of fee container 11s apprdfematety fee same as ife internet diameter D, to fed eofester % a mixing vortex is thus fenned, in which the materia! is circulated ins vortex both from top to bottom and also in fee direction 12 of rotation. 8y virtue of this particular arrangement of the mixing and comminution elements 3 or fee blades 14, this type el apparatus sas therefore be operated only wit fee brssoired irecife 12 of roteSon m mssement, and fee direeftbn 1:2 of rotation nennet be reversed readily or without additional Changes.

The circulating mixing and comminfeion imfeemenls 3 «rtafeW mix fee :piasftcs matenal introduced:, and thereby heat and soften it by way of fee rneobahisai: fnctiena: energy introduced, lut át* sot melt it. Alter a cetts&amp;n residence lime In fee container X fee homogenised*: softened. doughy bul rfel :$Ä>: fÂÉà .assfefbfisd in datai: below, removed loht the container 1 through an aperture &amp; passed into fee intake regien of m extruder 5, and received by a screw 6 mere arte sebsssnsntiy melted:.. At fee level of the, in fee present; case singie, commfeubeh and mixing implement fe: fee seid aperture 2 jslbboedte fee side waif 3 df the container 1, and the prefesafod plastics: matenal con be renroved: ttom the interior of the sohtefeer 1 through fete aperture·: The material is passed to a single »screw: exbedfe? § arranged tangeniaily on fee container 1, where fee housing: 1.6 or the extrader Sfees, situated in its jacket wail, an intake aperture 8§ for tne material to be received by the screw 3. This type of embodiment has the advantage feat fee screw 4 can be driven tom: fee tower end in fee drawing by a drive, depleted only diagrammaticaiiy, in such a way feat fee upper end of fee acraw 6 in fes drawing can be Itefe; lee from the drive. The discharge aperture for the piasüed or agglomerated plastics material conveyed by the screw 6 can therefore be arranged at fee said right-hsnd end, e.g. in fee form of an extruder head not depicted The plastics material can ieretere be conveyed without defiesfen by the screw δ through fee discharge aperture; this is not madly possfeie in fee embodimenfo acpfdlrsg to Figures 3 and 4.

There is oanneclon for conveying of materia: or for transfer of material between fee intake apeffere 30 and the aperture 8, and in fee present, case fete connection fo fee aperture 8 referas! and inpediafe and fe votes no preionged; ihtervenfes ssdbh mû m Siparaftorr. ragioh.

In the tesfeg. m,$mfc *»«*·$ wife compressingmounted mtafofely around its longitudinal axis 4SI Thetegiiudiaaf axis '11. of ms sore* § m feat at the extruder δ opiockfe, îheaxlrudsr 5 conveytythe matériái m the JiÄn cl the arrow 17, The extruder f is a coavertenal extruder know per se fe which tesoteed glaste mat« is cenp-assed and ft«s mete, add the mail is then discharged at ia opposite end, si the extruder hsad.

The mixing and/or comminute: enpipitets 3 or the Hades 14 are at apptemai# #*· *** level as He: central Icmgteinal axis IS of the extruders. The outermost ends of the blades 11 have adequate separation from the Sights of She screw 6. ín t) Figures i and 2., She extruder 6 is, as menifened, attached tangentially fa the container t or runs tangentey in folationi te fÉ eross secte. in She drawing, the: imaginary teteafe of the central longitudinal axis IS of the extruder 5 or of the screw δ in a ®wMm opposite to the direction i ? of conveying of the extruder S towards She rear gasses the axis 18 oirtete and dees hot intersect She same. On ouffow side, there is an effsei distance 13: between tmtepfudiiai axis IS of the extruder'1 or of She screw δ and that: radius 11 of the oenSaier 1 Shaf ts parafe! to the longitudinal axis 15 and proceeds ouiwsfds: from the axis 10 of rotation of the mixing and/or wiiyfa tmpiemsnl $ in She directe 1? at conveying of the extaicier S. In the present cess, the imaginary continuation of the longitudinal axis 15 of the extruder δ towards the rear does not pass through me space within: the centalfier t, but instead: gasses it ® a Short:distance.

The distance: 1¾ is somewhat greater then the radius of She container 1. Iherels ihereSore &amp; §tfp outward offset of the: extrude? S, orithaiinSakemglgn Is pmawhat deeper,

The expressions teposileT “in an opposite sense“ here mean any orientation offre vector wifo; respecte one another wite Ss;not aouSe-angled, as explained in detail below;

In other words, the sealer product ef s direction vector 19 which is associated wit? the direction 1J ofIretste and the edentate of whioh is fangen iiaii to the ride described by the outermost point of the mixing and/or comminution implement 3 or tangential to She plastics mateflai passing the ape?1ura 3. and whwh points in the direction 12 of rotate or movement of the mixing and/or comminusmxifepteehts 3, má of a di?ssfe vector 1? which ts associated with the directe of conveying ofthreteds? 5 and which proceeds in the direction of conveying parallel to She tehat longitudinal axis 15 is everywhere aero or negative., et each Individual point of the aperture 8 or in the region radially immediately ist test of the aperture δ, and Is nowhere notes, in te ease of the intake aperture in Figures 1 and 2, the scalar product of me direction vector 19 for the directe 12 of rotation and of tho directe vector 17 for the diresion of conveytng is negative st every pointe te spates !·

The angle e between She directe vector 17 lor the direction of conveying and the f tracte vector for Sue directe 19 of fetation, measured: al te point 20 fhaf: is associated wits the aperture# and situated forthest upstream of She directe 12 of mistiem or at fie edge associated: with the: aperture ft end situated furShestmpstream, is approxlmatefy maximally about 179“ M Ohe continues to proceed downward? along five aperture 8 in Figure 2, ie in the dimeter 12 of rotate, the Äse asgls hetwaen the: two directe veptefs cdhtinuss So Increase, in the centre of me aperture 8r the angle between the directe vetem is about ite and the scalar produefie maximally negate, and further downwardslrem lheredne angle indeed becomes > TÉT and the seslar product in: Suavdecrtees* hui st® remains negative. However, these angles era aotegsr termed angles &amp; since they are not measured: at point 20, M ^teli-töt included in the: drawing m Figure: 2, measured in the centre of the aperture a, between the direction vote for#se directe ISof rdfsSien and the fete mW for She directe 17 of conveying Is about 118* to 180“.

Tm aopartes aoteding Ito Figure M represents She first teing case or extreme valus. Ibis type of errangemenf cars:: provide à very nomaggtesiye cluing effect or a pafteforiy advantageous feed, and this type of apparatus is partipuiedy sdvanfogæus: for esnsive materials which are treated in :the vicinity of the melting range, or for product itt the form of long: strips.

The setting angle y is lawn in in Figure 2 and Is measure a» *s«y eu|»^;ii^Hf:.23,of te myng comminute: impleuwnt 3, eissest fo the base, or the implement or brade 14 The salting: angle v ties between She ooteuste 24 of the frontal sep 22, which is formed edge and is straight Is Figure 2, of the outermost blade and thefedfes Í1 of the container 1 running through the point.23. the sotting aoglé yisapprcximately 25s in Figure 2.

Samedi® the apparatus according to Rg0i®:2 there ate two further biabes 14 tying furfeer inwards radially end arranged so the same carrier disc 13 next to one another. setting: angle of fessa, $ades 14 is measured analogously to fee setting angle y, that; is, siifeir respective: rsdleily outermost points, MM the continuation of their straight frontal edges 22 and the radios. 11 running ihres# this: point: The setting angle of the fontai edge 22 sfthe centra! blade 14 amounts to approximately ;23" the setting: angle o? fee radially imermosi Pfedé 14 amounts: to approximately 22T Figure 2, hdwoper, is net fere fe scale. The smalls? salting: angles make allowance Ip? fee: lower angular velocity.

The UD ratio, that la,, the ratio of fee length: i of fee mw4, mmumiftom; the edge 20‘ sifeatedldowpstrsani Imim imeife of conveying of fee mm: % 0? fife point 20 of the Ml aperture $0, sifested: ferfeest downstream:, to the end of the screw S Or to the fest Ü in feofeouefeg li fer fee melt situated furthest: upstream: preleiiori to fee direction: Of oenvsyingof the screw δ at fee distal end 31 of fee screw ·§ rentefe tram life pataiher, to lie nominal diameter d öf the screw f{$ ih figure 2 isoverll.

The rpiaf distance of the fefjtepwi mb, Measured from the faciiaiiy odierrnest point 23 er lern the tip of fee blade 14 that if situstoirfee fudbestoÄstds* or fern fee circle defined thereby, up to fee Inner surface of the side wit 3 of fee container 1 is drawn in ;oy way of example In Figure:2,: this ceomiles with fee relationship mb « k * Da. The Implements or blades 14 protrude ÉÜ fee carrier disc 13 or in front of 1

The smallest : possible distance rns betweshlhe implement and screw,, featured front fee ifédisily outermost; point 23 or froth: the tip of fee bfedp: 14 feat is situated fee fetfeeef outward®: or loos fee piheis defined thereby, up to the envelope of fee screw 6. is likewise drawn in fey way of example in Figure 2. The: d-fesnoe ms is situated in essence gon>tf% te the lengfe M fee feief aperture ffe end: on fee radius 11 msk is dlreoted: at ad angle -of W to fee longitudinal ess i§ el the éluder S. if fee 4mpif@8^t3 or feed fee ifeahee becomes terser again. M fee edges of the ielaka aperture 80 fee distance is sta maximum mm fee intake aperture §0 is sióméi wife its length, as in Figure 2, syfemOfriealiy in fee §0' radius !1

The distances mb, ms aad fee setting aegis y have net been drawn in in Figur® 3 and 4. Figures 3 mi 4 serve primarily fe iilustf ate fee connection pessfelffes of fee extruder,

Figure 3 shews an alternative embodiment: in which fee extrader I le attached to fee confiner 1 net tangentialy bat festead by its and 7. The screw 6 and fee housing 16 of fee extruder 5 are adapted In fee regier· ©fits aperture 8 to fee shape of fee inner well of fee container t, and are offset backwards so as to be flush No pari ct fee extruder δ protrudes through fee aperfere 8 into the space Wifein fee container 1

The distance 18 here corresponds to about 5 to 181 of the radios 11 of the container 1 and to about haif of fee internal diameter f of fed nousfeg life This embodiment feemisre mptaoërïis fee second liming ©ass or extrema vaius wife fee smallest possible offset or iSttœ iK where fee difeeffon 12 of: rotation or of movement of the mixing andfer oommfeaflen iroplemehts 3 is al; least slightly opposite: to fee direotibh 17 of conveying of the extruder ·§, and speci|cai| across fee entire area of fee epettef e 8. The soafer product Ih Figure: 3 at feat thfeeheld point 20 situated Mfresf; upstream Is precisely xero. where this is fee point located at fee edge that is associated with fee apotfete 8 sod situated fetfesst upstream. The angle q the dimeiioh vector: 17 for thediiectiöo of oenvepg and tfse dl:redieo veoicf for the dfredon IF Of:fcistten, meesored at ipolafSfh: Figure 3, is pitciseiy W- 4 Ssfte proceeds: ferther downwards along fee fertőre 8, fie. à fee imfeion 12 of rotaiioa, ie: :angis! between the dlrecSoo vectors becomes ever greeter sod mmm p obtuse: angle > m\ and: at fee same Ime fee scaiar prodaof becomes opalve. However, ai m pM or in no region of fee 8,1$ fee scalar produbt posise, or fee angle: emptier feah SOT No local overfeed cm Iherefcre occur even in a subregion of fee aperture 8, and no defrirnenta! excessive stuffing eheof can occur in a region of fee aperture 8.

This sise à, tecisite ifesiw la relation k> s purely radiai errsnpmste «scald te m angie §* w-.st pint 2D or af» édgfe 20' to r!i% mm arrateStete of m extrader S, and les» é#*>&amp; of the sportum δ siiuaëd, in the drawing, mm M radias 11 or upmm l®m&amp;' ®t- te tte toltow side te«# máű teve; s: positive scalar graduel. it mM tous tepssÄsrltesto? rneltod pSsstes prodaitö mm$m m isMiísgídns.

Plp* 4 depicts soother altomafve «mtedtetef in which the axtfuser ο is sorndwhat fufthe? offset than is Figaro 3 on th§ wÊm--sm> hsâ sit sot taoppgeilÿ este égeres 1 mű'Z. in the presset case, as also in Figaro toe rearward ms0mf conttoeafiori of te iteg&amp;dinai axis IS of the extrctefer S passes Ihmugh the spsee withtrs toe cöntaiter 1 2? the toetmr of a ssesri As a conseqaence of this, fte speffete δ is * IteasurMin the cifcumísrenssi direction of the cohtatoto 1 ~ wlterttes in tte gtpete^hf;tetefd^ 3· Ttoe distance 1S iss also conxssponditeig gtetoerlteri &amp; Figure 3,-§uf ssrtestoat smaller snteler teet tie radius It The ®φ a measured et point 20 is shoot t§0T end the stuffing effect is thsrefers reduced in oereestete wi® toe apparatus ef Figure 3; Ä to more sdvanlspoas tor pertain· sensitive p!ÿmers:. The ^ ws* $ the housite t$# m ogtetetete inter edge, as seen from the contaiter % is tssgenist to tte mm? % in Figure 3, totes àm mm transite# tegs, At this toM m is ssaoctotte: m. the #fp * ate Titrated wrtotet downstteate « toe extetoe Jetetond side to Figues 4y the tegto ;s about 1:80*.

Claims (7)

1. Htsgüíá* «ÖAHmSÖSC ELÔKêSSTë^He S2A8A0À1M KfeNVPON'!'öK 1 Készülék íríösrí^agsík,; kOisnossp -ipfffig^asAs imiiadékmfeyagok száltiisáhdz,: és aims kapcsolódé eiökeezite#®?, iégyiiásáhaz, vagy darabofomiez, úirabásznostás cépbóí, fade liyalCt): afoldolgpaan# anyag sáimáfa, aM a farfolybast |1) forgástengely (13) kör# forgatható, korbefofe keverő··, és/vagy daraboló szárszóm (3) van 4mêsm a -raöa^^^fi^Ä msfogltésébez gsaöoli «$## darabolásához.: shöf a és/vsgy darabolj kiszára. (3| sxim^M, ésfeagy késeket tartalmaz, amelyek elülső peremeikkel (¾ forgás-, ietve haiádásí φψ^ί, :8 műanyagra keverve, darabolva, -ytigvs, éefeagy melegítve halnak,: attól a fortély (1) egyik ofoalfoiabatr {% a meglevő, vagy legalsó, padosai közeli keverd-,: és/vágy dársbofo szerszám (3) feifománysban egy nyílás; (¾ van kiklgs&amp;vs, amely# kárászéi az álökezefoműaPM a iariály (1) belifojébőitilfordhái, ahörfegsíább egy szállítóeszköz pl, különösed egyekfrader {% az eiőkészifel gnysg befogadására rendelkezésre áll, legalább agy, egy házban fíg) forgó, tömörítő, lágyító, vegy daraboló csigával {%. ahol a háznak Jt6) höoÉskoldáfon (% vagy kőpsnytájában levő bemenő nyílásé ($$): m s csiga (§) által ősszegyújfendö anyag számára, és: a ;bemenö nyílás p$. káposalatban v#: 8 ny ílással fj|, ahöl g rádisiísáh legkülsőbb, padozat közeli keverő, ésívagy daraboló szerszám; (% iteivs a radlisan legkolsőbb: szerszám, ás/yagy kés (ié| beiiifesi szop (y) kielégíti a iDvátólnggvényt: y - kfo+R ah# d:.... a csiga (ö) átmérője mm-öen;;: K,,. faktor a lő ·· áSfeífomábybp;; K... fekforá 0,08 - 0.2 tartományban, ahol a hsálife# szög (y) a pá# közei: keys#, és/va§y: daraboló szerszám (3), vágy a szerszám, vagy a kés fe) radiáilsan fegkíiisöbh pontjában :(221, és akár, a különösen egyenes, síi# perem (22) meghosszabbítása: |24í|s és a ponton (23) kemszfeiMo radiális. (11) között mérhető, és hogy a csiga # hosszának (L) ozones a csip (6) névleges émtéröiéhsz (d) képest a?, előnyösen 10, a csiga (6) szállítási irányában áramlás mentén levő peremtől (201, vagy a bemenő nyílás (80) áramlás mentén legtávolabb levő pontjától mérve a csiga (8) végéig, vagy a legkorábbi, a bemenő nyílásnak iO) a csiga (6) Segtsvoíábbi. szállítási irányára vonatkozó áramlási irannyai szemben, az olvadék szarnám szolgió házban (16) levő kslépőnyiláSig (3ö), a csiga (6) tartáiytól távoli, disztáiis végén (31), és a száiiioeszkőz (% vagy a bemenő nyíláshoz p) képest: iegkőzoiebbt psip központi hosszfongslyéhek tervezeti meghosszábbiása továbbvezet a száliósszkőz ff) szállítási irányával szemben a; forgástengelyen (1:¾ anélkül, hogy a# metszené. ázzál jellemezve, hogy a szállítóeszköz (6) vagy a hmm nyitáshoz p) legközelebb fekvő: csiga; (S) hossztengelye (15) kimenet! eidafon M a keverő, és/vagy daraboló szerszéni (2) forgás-, illetve rnözgásiránpóan, a hosszfengeíyhez (16) köpést pérhíizsmosam a keverő, és/vagy daraboló szerszám (3) forgástengelyétől (10), a szállítóeszköz (δ) czáliitásl Irányába (17), s. tartály (1) kilété mutató raőiáiie1vélvöz (11 ) képest bizonyos távslsággfe (11) el ven tolva. 2; M I Jgénypöht szerínő iMél azzstjfefemezve, tmgy a y bellltást szög 20* 060 különöséé SO^-SÍ^ mérteke, 3. Μ 1. vagy 2, ígényponfek egyike szerinti készülék, azzal pfomszvs, hogy s bsáüá# szög (y) kieligih a kovefeő lüggvényt: y - Ií1*Ds -í KI , ebei Ds ., a kémerigefes imörli, isivé &amp;rtáiy |l) belső áteérőis mm-bem vagy egy ssenos befogsdb voipmeme átszámított, fikth juyá'oiyan magas kőrbenp^slartály (11 belső ápésőíe; KI... egy faktor 1243 ísósménybam KI ··> bgy íákfor Ö,0ÖS-0;Q Cm arányban.
2. 4. Az 1:.-3.. igénypontok egyik* szerint! kőszőiék. azzal jdtemezve, hogy a beállási szeg (v) kisebb, mint 750mm átmérőjű (D) tartály (1) «sein 2CA35S közötti. Wmm bogy s édités; szög (y) ?SOmm-t3ÖOmm átmérőjű (D&amp;> tartálynál (1) 285.47* tartományban: van, és/vsgy hogy a beállítási szög (y) nagyobb, mini 1300mm átmérőjű (De) tartálynál (1) 35*--55s tartományban van
3. 5. Az 1.-4,, igénypontok egyike szerinti készülék, azzal jellemezve, hogy a szerszám radiális távolsága (mb), a padozathoz legközelebbi keverd, és/vagy daraboló szerszámtól (3). vagy olt levő szerszámoktól és/vagy késektöi (14), illetve az ezer, pontok által definiált körtől s tartály (1) oklalíslának (δ) belső feiOíefÉg, kielégíti a kővetkező függvényt: aboi Du a belső átmérője egy kórhengeres tartálynak (1) rom-ben. vagy egy azonos térfogatúra átszámított, azonos magassága fiktiv ftorbpgeres tartály belső átmérőié, és k3 konstans, 0,000-3,16 tartományban, altot a èzmzâm (mb) íadiáíts távolsága einyosen 15mm-;20mm tartománybari, különösen 2ömm-8ömm tartományban van.
4. 8, Az I, igénypont szerinti késziák, azzsl jellemezve, hogy 20:í-33° tartományba eső beáiíitási szögnéi (y) a szerszám (mb) reíhimiis radiális távolsága iSmrmSOmm; torfemáfibPí van, és/vagy hogy 4'5f-6tf tartományba eső beáttitási szogdái (y) a szerszám (mb) minimális radiális táveisása: oagyöbbtopénto 3§mm,,

   7. Az 1,-S. igénypontok egyike szerinti; késziék, ázzál jellemezve, hogy a minimális távolság (mb): szerszám: (3) ás csiga (6) között á; következő összefüggéssel Irháié lé:: ms s k2*d*K2 ahol ő a csiga (8) áímér&amp;e mm·ben. K2 faktor a 20-100. különösen 20-80 tartományban: K2 ... faktor a 0,03-0,4, kOibösen 0,04-0:25 tsriománybáh; aboi a távolság fms) a padozathoz iepözetobbí keverő, és/vagy bsfábolé szerszám (3), vagy ott levő: szerszámok és/vagy kések (14). és egy, a bemenő nyitás (80) utáni: eslga (6) burkotoján levő: pni közei merhető, éspedig égy rsdiáks (Ili) mentén, am% a torgástongelytőí (10) imtoi ki és kppztöllp a nyilasé® |8| eb e Pmenb nytison (§0). api a távolság (mb), előnyösen, 1Smm--150mm tartományban vsa.

   8, Az 1.-v. Igánypsntök egyike szerinti készülék, azzal jellemezve, hogy, előnyösen, ugyanazon a horizontális sikon leső, togaíábh égy, előnyösen több, további, radiálisán tovább bei! tevő szerszám, vagy kés (14) áii rendelkezése, ahol minden szérszám, vagy kés (14) beállítási szöge, mindig radiálisán legkülső pontpkon, különösen egyenes eifiiső peremuk (22) i^hosszaftoltása #t), és az ezen a ponton tpvábbtoto radiális (11) köz-őtí mérve, rntndíg csekélyed, mint a szmnszédos, tovább kivi lévő sorszám, vagy kés (14) beállitásl szöge, ahol a radiálisán legtávolabb, belől tevő szerszám, vagy kés (14) beállítási szöge előnyösen (PsmPyban ven, I, Az 1,-8, igénypontok egyike szerífÉ készülék, wm\ hogy A tartállyal (1) kappőiáíbsn lévő szálitéeszkP (5) számára a skatárSzorzatot a keverő és/vagy daraboíé szerszám p) radiálisán külső pontjának kóraimétöiébez: képest fsngertoiáls, lelve a nyíláson Maradó möanpghoz képest tohgsoéiálís, és e tartály (1) egy radiális ivéhez fii) képest merőlegesen beáilitott, a keverő, és/vagy darabplö szerszám (3) forgási, illetve mozgási frányába (12) mutató ferpsMfány jllj iraoyvektora,: és a szállíts eszköz (|f szállítási irányármk éányvsktora képezi mindéit egyes pontban, tüeíve a nyílás {$) te|es: tartományában, lelve kezvétlériütrailisao a nyílás (8) előtt rmiía, vagy negativ érték. 1:8, Az 1 ·'§. igénypontok egyike szerinti készülék, azzal félfemezve, 'hogy a Ifovero, és/vagy daratfoiszerszárh (3): itadíáta legkülsőbb poalènak forgásirányé: (19) és a széifoeszkőz (5) szállítási irányának ir|íf»akt<# ji:?|: nagyobb,: vagy fonfosan §0®φ&amp;, és: kisebb, vagy pontosan 1!D--os szegéi |öj zárnak m,: s kélüsnyvsktor ílT,: l§) msíszispon|ábsn mérve, a keverő, asfoagy dsrsh# szerszám (3) forgás?, slfetve mozgási irányára (12) vpatPztafoíí, áramisi i!ányban:tav&amp; a nyílás (8| serais irányú perpfon, különösen «ae«· a peremén, Illetve a nyíláson (8/ levő legtávotsöbi áramlat iráapao levő poolpo: (28) 1:1, Az 1 .-IQ, sgényppnfök egyiP Pannii készülék, azpi |elfofpzves fosgy a forgás-, iéfoo mozgásirány (12) írányvokfofá (1$) és a szallfiáeszköz (§) szállítási Irányának Irány vektora ( 17) 17Φ és: 1 S3ö kézéi szöget (Őj zárnak bs a két irány pkíer :( í?, 1 f) meiszésbóéfábáb, à nyílás $| közepén it M !>H, igénypontok egyike szerinti készülék, ázzál Jellemezve, hogy a távolság (11) nagyobb, vagy agyanoipn nagy:, mint a Mteézfcőz (§| háza (II) illetve a csiga: (3)átrne#n:ek a foie, és/vagy a tartály (1| ráiaszáaak hagyobbmgyeni 7% a, előnyösen nsgyofebpgyeni ||%-a, vagy a távolság (16) nagyobtógydöiő. folt a fortiy 0} xsdfosza, vagy hogy a szMoeezkoz (5) bossfoengsiyénsk (IS) tervezett maghosszabbítása: a: szállási: iránnyal szemben szelőként a tartály (i| kereszpatszofohez van smtiéizW és a tartály |f| belső terén: legalább szakaszosan áthalad, vagy hoggr a azálfoészksz (S) Íangepoillisafí van a tartályra (1) rázárva. esetve a tartály (1) fcsröiÉáe&amp;zéféte halad Illetve, hogy a száilifosstóz {% iietes a csíp (8) hosszfongalya (i% lefog a bemenő nyíláshoz pj legközelebb fotó csiga (¾ hossztengelye, vagy I te. (18) belső fala, vagy a csiga p burkolata tangencpsarr: halad a tartály (1} okkdteinak (9) belső okteílhóz képest abel előnyösen a esiga ($} hömíokölbála (7) össze van kötve egy megfogással, és szemben fotó bömiökölciaián aláz (18) homiokoiáaiP alrptest kilépő nyíláshoz, különöséé agy ixtader foíbPMéli.
5. 13. Az 1.42, igénypontok agyike szerinti készülik, mái jeBsmm*i lep # nyílás (1) kötóttenüf, egyenesen és lényeges távolság nélkül, különösen átadási szakasz, vagy száílifocsíp: nélkül van a bemen® nyílással p0) összekötve,
6. 14. Az f.4| Igánypontök: égyské: szennir készülék, azzal jeltáföáa®, begy a ke« és daraboló szerszám (3) szerszámokat, és/vagy késeket fi 4} tartalmaz, amelyek forgás ás haladási irányban: (1:2| a: müányagfs daraboló, vágd és melegítő ímődon: hatnak, ahol a szerszámok, ésfoagy kések (14),: előnyösen, liShósen az gljzaifelleien: (2) párhazarhöSan sifondezefo forgatható szerszámtartón (13), Minősen hordattóSáresán fi3) vahÄ kiéhezve,: vagy eirendezve, éslvagy hogy arnianyagra balé, a kever®, és/vagy daraboló szerszámok:: (3), vagy kések (14| forgás, illetve haladasi irányába fontaié éiisö üsnényaí, Illetve elő; levő peremei (22) különbözően vannak kiképezve, beállva, asphalltva, ésfoagy elrendezve, Összehasonlítva: a forgási, rletve haladási irányban (12) bátsó, Illetve urán következő tartományokhozképest
7. 15. Az 1.-14. igénypontok egyike szerinti készülék, azzal jellemezve, hogy a tartály (t) iényegéberi körhengeresen. sl öpözatfelüiettei (2} és egy shhsz vertikátón bsáinfoil hengerplpt slakö ôfoëtatlal fS)vsn ttipzve, ésfoagy a kevtó, ésfvagy pfobofo szerszám (3) forgásíerígelye (IG) egybéeslk a laóáiy (t) központi kőzépngelyével, ésfoagy a ferpptesgely :(18), vagy a központi középtengely vplkéisan és rnsrőlegesen: van heáiliíva a padozatfeíuiemez (2' képest, ésfoagy hogy a tsgálsé szerszámforté ilS!, illetve: a legalsó ppsó,: ésfpgy daraboté szerszám:: (3), és/yagy a pylas (8) osdozat közelben, a pádozagslöiolbaz {% sőiönős^ a fotfoly (1) fogalaó negyedé^k tarfományáfean, mWy távolságán, előnyösén a ppozapliéthez (2) képesí ltóm4G8mm távslságban van eireríteve, ésfoagy begy a sPílltpszköz (S) egpdl csiga esdruder (6¾ egyetlen fomöriíö csigával (% vap sgy kettős, vagy tiibszörse csiga extrader, ahfo az egyes ssígák |S) d : átmérője pymas közöő azones nagyságú.