HRP931007A2 - Carboxilic acide derivatives - Google Patents
Carboxilic acide derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP931007A2 HRP931007A2 HR931007A HRP931007A HRP931007A2 HR P931007 A2 HRP931007 A2 HR P931007A2 HR 931007 A HR931007 A HR 931007A HR P931007 A HRP931007 A HR P931007A HR P931007 A2 HRP931007 A2 HR P931007A2
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- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- spp
- acid
- stands
- alkyl
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 halo-C1-C4--alkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 57
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- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C205/00—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C205/27—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups
- C07C205/34—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups having nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and etherified hydroxy groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C255/54—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/40—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C271/58—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/10—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/18—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/20—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton with singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/62—Halogen-containing esters
- C07C69/65—Halogen-containing esters of unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/96—Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
- C07D213/64—One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
- C07D213/643—2-Phenoxypyridines; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
- C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
- C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
- C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
- C07D285/08—1,2,4-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-thiadiazoles
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen- Or Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclic Ring Compounds With Rings Of Six Or More Members (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Compounds That Contain Two Or More Ring Oxygen Atoms (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Sulfur Atoms (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
Predmetni izum se odnosi na nove derivate vinilalkankarbonske kiseline, postupke i međuproizvode za njihovu proizvodnju, sredstva za uništavanje štetočina, koja ovi spojevi sadrže, kao i njihovu primjenu kod kontrole štetočina.
Prema izumu derivati halogenvinilalkankarbonske kiseline odgovaraju formuli
[image]
gdje je
A kisik, sumpor ili NR1-:
B C2-C6-alkilen,
D -E-O-E, -S-E, -O-CH2-E, -O-C(=O)-N(H)-E ili O-C(=S)-N(H)-E;
E fenil; supstituirani fenil pomoću jednog do tri supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoji od halogena, C1-C4-alkila, halogen-C1-C4-alkil, C1-C4-alkoksila, halogen C1-C4-alkoksila, cijano, nitro i metilendioksida supstituiranog fenila peteročlanog aromatskog heterociklusa s jednim do tri heteroatoma, odabranog iz grupe, koji se sastoje od dušika, kisika i sumpora; jednog, preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, a koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila i C1-C4-halogenalkila halogenalkila, supstituiranog peteročlanog aromatskog hetero-ciklusa s jednim do tri heteroatoma, odabranog iz grupe, koji se sastoji od dušika, kisika i sumpora; jednog šesteročlanog aromatskog heterocikla s jednim do tri atoma dušika; ili putem jednog ili dva supstituenta odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila i C1-C4-halogenalkila, supstituiranog šesteročlanog aromatskog heterociklusa s jednim do tri atoma dušika;
L halogen ili metil;
X fluor
Y klor ili fluor;
Z vodik, fluor ili metil;
m broj nula, jedan, dva, tri, četiri ili pet;
n broj nula, jedan ili dva;
R1 vodik, C1-C4-alkil, feniltio ili toliltio.
U EP-A-0 432 861 predlažu se halogenolefin-derivati kao katalizatori u sredstvima za suzbijanje štetnika. Biološke karakteristike spojeva opisanih u toj publikaciji ne zadovoljavaju potpuno na području suzbijanja štetnika, zbog čega postoji potreba da se na raspolaganje stave dodatni spojevi s karakteristikama za suzbijanje štetnika. Taj zadatak će se riješiti ovim izumom pomoću pripreme predočenih spojeva I.
Spojevi I prema izumu uključuju također, a to znači dok u određenom spoju I postoji najmanje jedan bazni centar i agrokemijski podnošljive kiselinske aditivne soli. Primjeri prikladnih (anorganskih ili organskih) kiselina su solne kiseline, bromovodična kiselina, sumporne kiseline, fosforne kiseline, dušične kiseline, kiseline s istim centralnim atomom, i višim ili nižim stupnjem oksidacije, kao perklorne kiseline, dušične kiseline ili fosforne kiseline, octene kiseline i jantarne kiseline.
Prije spomenuti opće pojmovi, kao i oni koji se kasnije spominju, imaju, ukoliko se ne definira drugačije, slijedeća značenja.
Kod halogenatoma, koji dolaze u obzir kao supstituenti, radi se, kako o fluoru i kloru, tako i o bromu i jodu, pri čemu su fluor i klor prioritetni. Halogen se promatra pri tome kao samostalni supstituent ili kao dio supstituenta, kao u halogenalkilu i halogenalkoksilu.
Grupe i spojevi koji sadrže ugljike, ukoliko se ne odredi drugačije, sadrže prioritetno 1 do i sa 4, naročito 1 ili 2 atoma ugljika.
Alkil- i alkoksil- ostaci, koji dolaze u obzir kao supstituenti, mogu biti ravnolančani ili razgranati. Kao primjeri takvih alkil-ostataka, navode se metil, propil, izopropil, butil, izobutil, sek-butil ili tert.- butil. Kao prikladni alkoksil ostaci, se između ostalog navode: metoksil, etoksil, propoksil, izopropoksil ili butiksil i njihovi izomeri.
Ukoliko se grupe alkil, -alkoksil- ili fenilne grupe ili aromatski heterocikli, koji dolaze u obzir kao supstituenti supstituiraju halogenom, tada mogu biti samo djelomično ili perhalogenirani.
Pri tome vrijede za halogen alkil i alkoksil gore navedene definicije. Primjeri alkil-elemenata ove grupe su jednom do tri puta putem fluora, klora i/ili broma supstituirani metil, kao CHF2 ili CF3; jedno do pet puta preko fluora, klora i/ili supstituirani etil, kao CH2CF3, CF2CF3, CF2CCl3, CF2CHCl2, CF2CHF2, CF2CFCl2, CF2CHBr2,CF2CHClF, CF2CHBrF ili CClFCHClF; jedno-do sedmerostruko preko fluora, klora i/ili broma supstituirani propil ili izopropil, kao CH2CHBrCH2Br, CF2CHFCF3, CH2CF2CF3 ili CH(CF3)2; i jedno do devet puta putem fluora, klora i/ili broma supstituirani butil ili jedan od njegovih izomera, kao CF(CF3)CHFCF3 ili CH2(CF2)CF3. Aromatski heterecikli nose prije svega supstituente koji dolaze u obzir prioritetno na jednom od atoma ugljika, koji zajedno sa heteroatonima čine prstenastu strukturu. Ovi su prsteni povezani općenito isto tako preko atoma ugljika prstena na članak spoja (mosta) D. Peteročlani aromatski heterocikli definicije ostatka E prema izumu, povezuju se prije svega preko slijedeće osnovne strukture : pirol, imidazol, pirazol, 1,2,3-triazol, 1,2,4-triazol, oksazol, izoksazol, tiazol, izotiazol, 1,2,3-tiadiazol, 1,2,4-tiadiazol, 1,3,4-tiadiazol, 1,2,3-oksadiazol, 1,2,4-oksadiazol i 1,3,4-oksadiazol. Kao šesteročlani aromatski heterocikli dolaze u obzir za E prema izumu piridin, pirimidin,pirazin, piridazin, 1,2,4-triazin i 1,3,5-triazin. Ako se ovi pod E definirani aromatski ostaci kao fenil dalje supstituiraju, tada mogu biti supstituirani jedan do tri puta preko istih ili različitih navedenih supstituenata. Prioritetno postoje u supstituiranim aromatskim supstituentima jedan do dva supstituenta. Izrazito će se prikazati aromatski ostaci definicije -D-E također preko slijedećih individualiziranih značenja:
fenoksil,
feniltio,
3,5-diklorpirid-2-iloksil,
pirid-2-iloksil,
benziloksil,
3-klorfeniksil,
3-metil-1,2,4-tiadiazol-5-iloksil,
4-fluorfenoksil,
3-fluorfenoksil,
2-fluorfenoksil,
3-klor-5-trimetil-pirid-2-iloksil,
3-klor-5-(2,2-diklor-1,1,2-trifluor-etil)-pirid-2-iloksil,
3,5-difluorfenoksil,
2-etoksilmetil-1,3,4-tiadiazol-5-ilmetoksil,
3-izopropil-1,2,4-tiadiazol-5-iloksil,
4-klorfenoksil,
2-klor-4-trifluormetil-fenoksil,
5-bromtien-2-ilmetoksil,
4-trifluormetilfenoksil,
4-etilfenoksil,
4-metoksilfenoksil,
4-klorfeniltio i
4-klorbenziloksil,
4-cijanobenzioksil,
2-nitrobenziloksil,
3-nitrobenziloksil,
4-nitrobenziloksil,
4-fluorbenziloksil,
4-trifluormetilbenziloksil,
4-metilbenziloksil,
4-metoksibenziloksil
4-t-butilbenziloksil
4-t-butilfenoksil.
Ostaci-D-E mogu zauzeti orto-, meta-ili para-poziciju ostatka fenila. Preferira se para-pozicija.
Obaveznom - pozicijom vinilgrupa u alkenilkarbonskoj kiselini, koga je podloga, obuhvaćat će se definicijom formule I derivati but-3-kiseline, hex-5-kiseline, oct.-7-kiseline, dec-9-kiseline, dodec-11-kiseline i tetradec-13 kiseline.
Među spojevima formule I treba istaknuti takve podgrupe u kojima
a) A stoji za kisik, ili
b) B stoji za etilenski most (spoj), ili
c) A stoji za most -NH-, ili
d) n stoji za broj nula, ili
e) D stoji za -O-, ili
f) E stoji za fenil, piridil ili tiadiazolil, preko 1 ili 2 supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, a koji se sastoje od cijano, nitro, halogen, C1-C4-alkila i C1-C4 halogenalkila, supstituiranog fenila preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila i halogen-C1-C4-alkil supstituiranog piridila, ili C1-C4-alkiltiazolila, ili
g) m stoji za broj nula, jedan ili 4-, ili
h) Y za fluor i Z stoji za vodik, ili
i) D stoji za -OOCH2, ili
k) D stoji za -O-CO- ili -O-CO-O-
Među spojevima podgrupa a) daje se prednost takvima, kod kojih n znači nula, pri čemu n nula i m nula, znači jedan ili četiri, naročito pri čemu n nula, m nula znače jedan ili četiri a B atilenski most.
Nadalje među spojevima podgrupe a) daje se prednost onima gdje je n nula a D znači Kisik ili sumpor; naročito gdje je n nula, D znači kisik ili sumpor i B stoji za etilenski most; cjelovito prvenstveno gdje je n nula, D je Kisik ili sumpor, B stoji za etilenski most; m znači nula jedan ili četiri.
Isto tako među spojevima pod grupe a) daje se prednost onima gdje D znači-O-CH2; naročito ako D znači-O-CH2, a n je nula i B stoji za etilenski most; a cjelovito prvenstveno gdje D znači-O-CH2, n je nula, B stoji za etilenski most a m znači nula, jedan ili četiri.
Isto tako se medu spojevima podgrupe a) daje prednost onima, gdje D znači grupa -O-CO -ili- O-CO-O, naročito kada D znači-O-CO- ili -O-CO-O-, a n je nula, a posebno je važno i kada D znači grupa -O-CO- ili -O-CO-O, n je nula, B prikazuje etilenski most, a m znači nula, jedan ili četiri.
Isto tako se među spojevima podgrupe e) preferiraju takvi, gdje E stoji za fenil, tiadiazolil ili piridil, ili isto tako stoji supstituirani fenil,tiadiazolil ili piridil, naročito pri čemu E stoji za fenil, cijanofenil, nitrofenil, klorfenil, fluorfenil, metilfenil, t-butilfenil, metoxifenil, trifluor-metilfenil, metildiazolil, piridil, kloropiridil, trifluormetilpiridil ili klortrifluormetil-piridil.
Među spojevima podgrupe f) preferiraju se takvi, gdje D znači -O-CH2-.
Među spojevima podgrupe f) se preferiraju takvi,gdje D znači kisik.
Među spojevima podgrupe f) se preferiraju takvi,gdje D znači kisik ili -O-CH2- a Y stoji za fluor a Z za vodik, naročito gdje D znači kisik ili -O-CH2-. T stoji za fluor, a Z za vodik, a n je nula, i specijalno, gdje D znači kisik ili -O-CH2-, Y stoji za fluor, a Z za vodik, gdje je n nula a B prikazuje etilenski most.
Isto tako se među spojevima podgrupe f) preferiraju takvi,gdje E stoji za fenil, cijanofenil, nitrofenil, klorfenil, fluorfenil, metilfenil, t-butilfenil, metoksifenil, trifluormetilfenil, mβtiltiadiazolil, piridil, klorpiridil, trifluormetilpiridil ili klor-trifluormetil-piridil, a naročito u slučaju kada D s jedne strane znači kisik, a s druge strane grupu -O-CH2-.
Posebno veliko značenje imaju spojevi formule I, gdje A stoji za kisik, B za etilenski most, n za broj nula, D za kisik, sumpor ili –OCH2-, E za fenil, piridil ili tiadiazolil preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, a koji se sastoje od cijeno, nitro, halogen, C1-C4-alkila i C1-C4-halogenalkila, supstituiranog fenila, preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila i halogen-C1-C4-alkila supstituiranog piridila, ili C1-C4-alkiltiazolila, gdje m stoji za broj nula, jedan ili četiri, Y za fluor i Z za vodik.
Među ovim najvažnijim spojevima formule I ističu se zbog svog dobrog djelovanja oni, kod kojih ili A znači kisik, B etilenski most, D kisik, sumpor ili -O-CH2, m broj nula, jedan ili četiri n broj nula, Y fluor a Z vodik; ili gdje A-NH-, znači, B etilenski most, D kisik ili sumpor, m broj nula, jedan ili četiri, n broj nula, Y fluor, a Z vodik.
Kao prema izumu najznačajnije pojedinačne spojeve formule I treba spomenuti :
4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselinu[2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etilester],
4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselinu[2-(4-benziloksifenoksil)etilester],
4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselinu{2-[4-(4-metil)-benziloksilfenoksil]etilester},
6,6-difluorheks-5-kiselinu-[2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etilester],
6,6-difluorheks-5-kiselinu-[2-(4-benziloksilfenoksil)etilester],
8,8-difluoroct-7-kiselinu-[2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etilester],
8,8-difluoroct-7-kiselinu-[2-(4-benziloksilfenoksil)etilester],
10,10-difluordec-9-kiselinu-[2-(4-fenoksilfeniksil)etilester],
10,10-diflurdec-9-kiselinu-[2-(4-benziloksilfanoksil)etilester],
12,12-difluordodec-11-kiselinu-[2-(4-fenoksilfanoksil)etilester],
12,12-difluordodec-11-kiselinu-[2-(4-benziloksilfenoksil)etilester].
Daljnji predmet izuma je postupak za dobivanje spojeva formule I, u slobodnom oblika ili prema potrebi u obliku soli, npr. naznačeno time da
a) spoj formule
[image]
pri čemu X, Y, Z i m imaju za formulu I navedeno značenje, a hal stoji za klor ili brom, eventualno u inertnom otapalu i u prisustvu sredstva koje veže kiselinu, sa spojem formule
[image]
pri čemu A, B, L, D, E i n imaju značenje navedeno za formulu, ili pretvara njihovu sol ili
(b) spoj formule
[image]
pri čemu X, T, Z i m imaju za formulu navedeno značenje i eventualno u prisustvu jednog inertnog otapala i katalizatora ili sredstva koje uklanja vodu, sa spojem formule III ili eventualno njegove soli pretvara i povremeno, prema želji, prema postupku dobiven spoj formule I u sol ili prema postupku dobivenu sol spoja formule I u slobodan spoj formule I ili je prevodi u neku drugu sol.
Pretvaranje postupka a) vrši se prije svega ii inertnom otapalu oslobođenom hidroksilne grupe u prisustvu organske baze (alkaličnog spoja), kao npr. piridin, 4-dimetilaminopiridin, lutidin, kolidin, trialkilamin, N,N-dialkilanilin, ili bicikličke, ali ne nukleofilne baze kao 1,4-diazabiciklol (2.2.2) octan (DABCO), 1,5-diazabiciklol (4,3.0) non-5-en (DBN) ili 1,8-diazabiciklol (5.4.0) undec-6,7-en (1,5-5) (DBU). Reakcija se općenito odvija kod temperature od-30°C do + 70°0, a optimalno je od-10 do + 50°C. Pri tome se svrsishodno vrši postupak u prisustvu reakcijski inertnog otapala ili smjese otapala. Za to su prikladni npr. alifatični i aromatski ugljikovodici kao benzol, toluol, ksilol, petroleter, heksan, halogenirani ugljikovodici kao klorbenzol, metilenklorid, etilenklorid, kloroform, tetraklorugljikovodik, tetrakloretilen; eter i spojevi slični eteru kao dialkileter (dietileter, diizopropileter, tert-butilmetileter itd.), anisol, dioksan, tetrahidrofuran, nitrili kao acetonitril, propionitril; ester kao etilacetat (etilester octene kiseline), propilacetat ili butilacetat; ketoni kao aceton, dietilketon, metiletilketon, kao i smjese ovakvih otapala međusobno. Reakcija se može vršiti i kod veće količine jedne od navedenih baza, ili u slučaju da spoj formule III predstavlja amin (A = HR1) i tada se umjesto baze može upotrijebiti drugi ekvivalent ili veća količina spoja formule III. Pretvaranje se vrši pod pritiskom okoline, iako bi se moglo vršiti i pri povišenom ili smanjenom pritisku.
Kod varijante postupka b) reakcija se vrši prioritetno u prisustvu reagensa koji odvajaju vodu, potrebnih za esterifikaciju, kao npr. u prisustvu karbodiimida (dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC)) ili 1-alkil-2-halogen-piridinijeve soli kao 1-metil-2-klorpiridinijjodid. Vodeći računa o svrsi shodno s ti, reakcija se provodi u prisustvu reakcijski inertnog otapala ili smjese otapala kod temperatura-30°C do + 70°C, optimalno od-10°C do + 50°C. Preferira se rad u prisustvu baze kao npr. rad u prisustvu organskog amina kao trialkilamina (trimetilamin, trietilamin, tripropilamin ili diizopropiletilamin), piri dina (piri din sam, 4-dimetilaminopridin ili 4-pirolidinopiridin), morfolina (N-metilmorfolin) ili jednog N,N-dialkilanilina (N,N-dimetilanilin ili N-metil-N-etilanilin). Kao otapala za to su npr. prikladni alifatični i aromatski ugljikovodici kao benzol, toluol, ksilol, petroleter, heksan, halogenirani ugljikovodici kao klorbenzol, metilenklorid, etilenklorid, kloroform, tetraklorugljik, tetrakloretilen; eter i spojevi slični esteru kao dialkileter (dietileter, diizopropileter), tert.-butilmetileter itd.), anisol, dioksan, tetrahidrofuran; nitrili kao acetonitril propionitril; ester kao etilacetat (etilester octene kiseline), propilacetat ili butilacetat; i smjese takvih otapala međusobno. Ukoliko spoj formule III predstavlja alkohol (A = O), tada se varijanta postupka b) može provesti i u prisustvu katalizatora kiseline, kao npr. H2SO4, HCl ili sulfonske kiseline kao metansulfonska kiselina ili p-toluolsulfonska kiselina. Pri tome se prije svega radi sa većom količinom alkohola formule III. Kod tog postupka se može oslobođena voda kontinuirano udaljavati iz reakcijske smjese. Uobičajena metoda za to je uklanjanje reakc. proizvoda vode putem destilacije azeotropa otapala s vodom. Za to prikladno otapalo je benzol, toluol, ksilol, metilenklorid ili kloroform.
Pretvaranje slobodnih spojeva I u soli i iz soli u slobodne spojeve I ili ostale soli vrši se obično na uvriježen način, npr. tretiranjem (obrađivanjem) slobodnog spoja I sa kiselinom ili sa soli s jednom bazom.
U principu se različiti derivati formule I mogu dobiti putem interesterifikacije ili amidiranja iz lako pristupačnih nižih alkil- estera α-halogenvinilalkan ugljične kiseline formule V.
Kao primjer se mogu dobiti derivati tipa estera formule I (A = O ili S) preko interesterifikacije baznog ili kiselog katalizatora nižeg alkil-estera formule
[image]
pri čemu X, Y, Z i m imaju značenje navedeno za formulu I.
Sa alkoholima i merkaptanima formule
[image]
gdje B, D, E, L i n imaju značenje navedeno za formulu 1, a A stoji za kisik ili sumpor. Kao kiselinski katalizatori su naročito prikladni HCl, H2SO4 ili sulfonska kiselina.
Kod bazno-kataliziranih interesterifikacija koristi se prije svega kao baza natrijev ili kalijev alkoholat alkohola ili merkaptana formule lila, koji su iz lila kao u primjeru pristupačni dodavanjem natrijevog ili kalijevog hidrida. Reakcija pretvaranja u ester će se prioritetno vršiti kod temperature-20°C i + 120°C, naročito između 0°C i + 100°C. Alkohol- ili merkaptan komponenta IIIa se koriste u većim količinama. Kao otapala dolaze u obzir eter, kao dietileter, diizopropileter, dioksan ili tetrahidrofuran, halogenirani ugljikovodici ili alifatski ili aromatski ugljikovodici.
Derivati tipa amida formule I (A = NR1) dobivaju se iz nižih alkil estera formule Va, vezanim za amin formule
[image]
gdje R1, B, D, E, L i n imaju za formulu navedeno značenje, ili s njegovom soli pretvaraju. Reakcije amidiranja se vrše kod temperatura između 0°C i + 120°C. Prioritetno se reaktanti pretvaraju u inertnom otapalu o ili smjesi otapala. Za to su prikladni npr. alifatski i aromatski ugljikovodici kao benzol toluol, ksilol, petroleter, heksan, halogenirani ugljikovodici kao klorbenzol, metilenklorid, etilenklorid, kloroform, tetraklorugljik, tetrakloretilen, eter i spojevi slični eteru kao dialkileter (dietileter, diizopropileter, tert.-butilmetileter itd.), anisol, dioksan, tetrahidrofuran; nitrili kao acetoni trili, propionitrili, alkoholi kao metanol, etanol, propanol, izopropanol; ili voda. Aminokomponenta IIIb se koristi prioritetno u većim količinama.
Spojevi formule II, III, IIIa, IIIb, V i Va i njihovi proizvodi su poznati iz literature. Spojevi II i V se mogu dobiti prema u US-4,950,666 i EP-A-0,432,861 propisanim postupcima.
Uvjeti reakcije za sintezu slobodnih kiselina iz estera i zatim fakultativno prevođenje te kiseline V u halogenide kiseline formule II odgovaraju općenitim uvjetima za kiselo- ili bazno kataliziram hidrolizu, odn. za halogeniranje ugljične kiseline. Spojevi formula III, IIIa i IIIb koji još nisu opisani u literaturi mogu se dobiti analogno poznatom postupku prema općenitim metodama sinteze.
U daljnjem postupku mogu se dobiti oni spojevi formule I, u kojima Z stoji za vodik ili metil, u slobodnom obliku ili obliku soli, pri čemu se derivat karbonilalkankarbonske kiseline formule
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u kojoj A, B, L, D, E, m i n imaju značenje navedeno za formulu I, a Z stoji za vodik ili metil, ili eventualno njihova sol u inertnom otapalu u prisustvu tri supstituiranog fosfana kao npr. P(C6H5)3, P(C2H5)3, (N(C2H5)2)3 ili P(N(CH3)2)3, pretvara sa halogenmetanom, kao CF2 Br2, CCl2F2 ili CCl3F, ili alkaličnom soli trihalogene octene kiseline kao npr. CIF2C-CO-ONa ili Cl2FC-GO-ONa.
Za provođenje ove varijante reakcije najprikladniji su kao otapala eter, kao diglim, triglim, ili tetraglim, ili dimetilacetamid. Ovaj korak reakcije se općenito provodi kod temperature između 0°C i + 150°C, najbolje između +20°C i + 100°C.
Spojevi formule IV kao i njihove soli su novi. Oni se razvijaju specijalno za sintezu katalizatora formule I. Spojevi formule IV čine sastavni dio predočenog izuma.
Spojevi formule IV se mogu dobiti prema poznatom postupku iz literature ili prema proizvodima koji su u slobodnog prodaji. Tako se npr. spoj formule IV može dobiti, kada se kiselina ili halogenid kiseline formule
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U kojoj m ima značenje navedeno za formulu I, G znači hidroksil ili naloge, prioritetno klor ili brom, a Z vodik ili metil, pretvara po potrebi u prisustvu inertnog otapala i katalizatora ili sredstva za uklanjanje vode sa spojem formule III ili njegovom soli. Uvjeti reakcije ove esterifikacije ili amidiranja odgovaraju onima iz varijante postupka a) i b).
Spojevi formule VI su poznati ili se mogu proizvesti analogno poznatim postupcima.
U daljnjem postupku mogu spojevi uže podgrupe formule
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gdje je A, B, D, E, L, m i n imaju značenje navedene za formulu, i prema potrebi proizvode njihove soli, gdje je -halogenalkan derivati ugljične kiseline formule
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gdje je A, B, D, E, L, m i n imaju značenje navedeno za formulu I i znače hal klor, brom ili jod ili njihovu sol i mogu se zagrijavanjem prevesti u dimetilsulfoksid. Najbolje temperature kod te reakcije iznose +50° i +180°C.
Spojevi formule VII se mogu npr. dobiti putem esterifikacije ili amidiranja.analogno varijantama postupka a) i b) iz spoja formule
Hal-CH2-CH2-(CH2-CH2)m-CO-G (VIII),
pri čemu m ima značenje navedeno za formulu I, G znači hidroksil ili halogen, prioritetno klor ili brom, i hal klor, brom ili jod.
Spojevi formule VIII su poznati ili se mogu dobiti analogno poznatom postupku.
Spojevi formule I, pri čemu Y stoji za klor, se mogu pojaviti u E- ili Z-obliku. Čisti izomeri s dvostrukom vezom se mogu izdvojiti iz smjese izomera pomoću fizikalnih metoda,kao što je destilacija ili kruto-tekuća kromatografija.
Spojevi I prema izumu su visokovrijedna sredstva (agensi) kod dobre podnošljivosti toplokrvnih životinja, riba i biljaka na području suzbijanja štetočina. Prema izumu aktivne tvari djeluju naročito na insekte i pauke koji se nalaze na korisnim i ukrasnim biljkama u poljoprivredi i vrtlarstvu, naročito na riži, pamuku, povrću i voću kao i u šumama. Spojevi I su naročito prikladni za uništavanje insekata koji se nalaze na riži,voću i kulturama povrća, kao i za insekte koji oštećuju biljke, kao Aphis craccivora, Nilaparvata lugens i Nephotettix cincticeps. Ostala područja primjene prema izumu aktivnih tvari su zaštita zaliha i materijala, kao i primjena na području higijene, osobito zaštita kućnih životinja i stoke. Spojevi I djeluju na sve pojedinačne razvojne stupnjeve normalno senzibilnih, ali i otpornih vrsti štetočina.
Pri tome se njihovo djelovanje može vidjeti npr. kod uništavanja štetočina, koje nastupa odmah ili tek nakon nekog vremena, npr. kod presvlačenja kože ili u vidu smanjenog broja odlaganja jajašca i manje količine jajašca.
U gore navedene štetočine pripadaju :
iz reda Lepidoptera npr.
Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacoeae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Clysia ambiguella, Gnaphalocrocis spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia binotalia, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Manestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemisspp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Trichoplusia ni i Yponomeuta spp.;
Iz reda Goleoptera npr
Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Ohaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Biabrotica spp., Bpilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynochus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp., Ehizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp., i Trogoderma spp.;
iz reda Orthoptera npr:
Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp., i Schistocerca spp.;
iz reda Isoptera npr. Reticulitermes spp.;
iz reda Psocoptera npr: Idposcelis spp.*
iz reda Anoplura npr: Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp i Phylloxera spp.;
iz reda Mallophaga npr: Damalinea spp. i Trichodectes spp.;
iz reda Thysanoptera npr:
Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci i Scirtothrips aurantii;
iz reda Heteroptera npr:
Cimex spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp. Burygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnitis spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp i Triatoma spp.;
iz reda Homoptera na primjer:
Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella spp., Aphidiae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidiinn, Cnrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccushesperidum, Empoasca app., Eriosoma larigeru, Erythroneura spp., G-ascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lecanrum corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaiilacaspis spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae i Unaspis citri;
iz reda Hymenoptera na primjer:
Acromyrmex, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Mno Monomoritun pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Solenopisis spp. i Vespa spp.,
iz reda Diptera na primjer:
Aedes spp., Antherigona soccatta, Bibio hertulanus, Calliphora srythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomya spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobasca spp., Idriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. i Tipula spp.;
iz reda Siphonaptera na primjer: Ceratophyllus spp. i Xenopsylla cheopis;
iz reda Thysanura na primjer: Lepisma saccharina i
iz reda Acarina na primjer:
Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Boopliilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus carpini, Eriopnyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Glygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. i Tetranychus spp.
Spojevi formule I su naročito prikladni za kontrolu štetočina u kulturama pamuka, povrća, voća i riže, kao npr. neke vrste paukova, lisne uši, gusjenice leptira i cvrčci. Uglavnom sa pri tome mogu kontrolirati razne vrste paukova kao Panon cychus uljni, lisne uši kao Aphis craccivora,gusjenice leptira kao Heliothis virescens i cvrčci kao Nilaparvata lugens ili Nephotettix cincticeps.
Dobro pesticidno djelovanje spojeva I prema izumu odgovara mortalitetu od najmanje 50-60 % spomenutih štetočina.
Djelovanje spojeva I primjerenih izumu, kao i sredstva koja ih sadrže može se bitno pojačati dodavanjem drugih insekticida i/ili akaricida i njihovom prilagodbom na date okolnosti. Kao dodaci dolaze u obzir npr. predstavnici slijedećih klasa aktivnih tvari : organski fosforni spojevi, nitrofenoli i derivati, formamidini, karbamidi, karbamati, piretroidi, klorirani ugljikovodici i preparati bacila thuringiensis.
Spojevi formule I se koriste u nepromijenjenom obliku ili u najboljem slučaju zajedno sa pomoćnim sredstvima uobičajenim u tehnici i mogu se preraditi u emulgirajuće koncentrate, direktno raspršive otopine i otopine koje se mogu razrješivati, razrijeđene emulzije, praška za raspršivanje, topive praške, sredstva u prahu za raspršivanje, granulate pa i inkapsulacije u polimerne tvari na poznati način. Postupci primjene, kao raspršivanje, raspršivanje u obliku magle, zaprašivanje ili zalijevanje, biraju se isto kao i sredstva odgovarajuće postavljenim ciljevima.
Formula, to znači sredstvo koje sadrži aktivnu tvar formula I, odnosno kombinaciju ovih aktivnih tvari s drugim insekticidima ili akaricidima, i prema potrebi čvrsti ili tekući dodatak, pripreme i sastavi (spojevi) mogu se dobiti na poznati način, na primjer međusobnim miješanjem i/ili usitnjavanjem aktivne tvari sa raznim punilima (dodacima, razrjeđivačima), npr. otapalima, krutim punilima i po potrebi površinski aktivnim spojevima (tensidima). Kao otapala moga doći u obzir : aromatski ugljikovodici, naročito frakcije C8 do C12 alkilbenzola kao ksilol smjese ili alkilirani naftalini, alifatski ili cikloalifatski ugljikovodici, kao ciklohexan, parafini ili tetrahidronaftalin, alkoholi kao etanol, propanol ili butanol, i glikoli kao njihov eter i ester, kao propilenglikol, dipropilenglikoleter, etilenglikol, etilenglikolmonometil- ili etileter, ketoni, kao cikloheksanon, izoforon ili diacetanolalkohol, jaka polarna otapala, kao N-metil-2-pirolidon, dimetilsulfoksid ili dimetilformamid ili voda, biljna ulja, kao repičino-, ricinusovo-, sojino- ili ulje kokosovog oraha, isto tako po potrebi silikonska ulja.
Kao čvrsti punioci, npr. za sredstva za prašenje i disperzivne praške, koristit će se u pravilu kamena prašina (brašno) kao kalcit, talkum, kaolin, montmorilonit ili atapulgit. Za poboljšanje fizikalnih svojstava mogu se dodati visokodisperzivne silicijske kiseline ili visokodisperzivni polimerizati s apsorpcionom moći. Kao usitnjeni, adsorpcini granulatni punioci dolaze u obzir porozni tipovi, kao plovučac, usitnjena cigla, sepiolit ili bentonit, a kao ne sorpcijski punioci kalcit ili pijesak. Nadalje se može koristiti mnoštvo granuliranih materijala anorganske ili organske prirode, a naročito dolomit ili usitnjeni ostaci biljaka.
Kao površinski aktivni spojevi dolaze u obzir, prema vrsti aktivne tvari formule I ili kombinacije ovih aktivnih tvari s ostalim insekticidima ili akaricidima najonogeni, kation -i/ili anionaktivni tensidi, s dobrim emulgirajućim i disperzivnim svojstvima, kao i svojstvima umrežavanja (vlaženja). Pod tensidima se podrazumijevaju i smjese tensida. Prikladni anionski tensidi mogu biti tako zvani sapuni topivi u vodi kao i sintetički površinski aktivni spojevi topivi u vodi.
Kao sapuni su prikladne alkalne-, zemno alkalne i prema potrebi supstituirane soli amonijuma viših masnih kiselina (C10-C22), kao natrijeve-ili kalijeve soli uljne ili stearinske kiseline, ili smjesa prirodnih masnih kiselina, koje se npr. mogu dobiti iz ulja kokosovog oraha ili talovog ulja. Nadalje se kao tensidi mogu spomenuti soli metil-taurin masnih kiselina.
Ipak, češće se koriste tzv. sintetski tensidi, a naročito masni sulfonati, masni sulfati, sulfonirani benzimidazol -derivati ili alkilarilsulfonati.
Masni sulfonati ili sulfati se pojavljuju u pravilu kao alkalne-, zemnoalkalne ili prema potrebi supstituirane soli amonijuma i općenito ukazuju na alkil-ostatak sa 8 do 22 at oma, pri čemu alkil uključuje i alki Ini dio acyl-ostataka, npr. natrijevu-, ili kalcijevu sol lignin-sulfonske kiseline, estera dodacyl-sumporne kiseline ili smjese sulfata masnog alkohola proizvedene iz prirodnih masnih kiselina. Ovdje spadaju i soli estera sumporne kiseline i sulfonske kiseline adukata masnog alkohola, -etilenoksida, Sulfonirani benzimidazol -derivati sadrže prioritetno 2 grupe sulfonske kiseline i ostatak masne kiseline s oko 8-22 C-atoma. Alkilaril sulfonati su na primjer natrijeve-, kalcijeve ili trietanolamin-soli dodecylbenzol sulfonske kiseline, dibuti-lnaftalin-sulfonske kiseline ili formaldahydkondenzacijskog proizvoda naftalinske sulfonske kiseline. Nadalje dolaze u obzir odgovarajući fosfati, kao npr. soli estera fosforne kiseline p-nonilfenol (4-14)-etilenoksid adukta ili fosfolipida.
Kao neionski tensidi u prvom redu dolaze u obzir derivati poli-glikoletera alifatskih ili cikloalifatskih alkohola, zasićenih ili nezasićenih masnih/kiselina i alkil-fenola, koji mogu sadržavati 5 do 30 grupa glikol etera i 8 do 20 atoma ugljika u (alifatskom) ostatku ugljikovodika i 6 do 18 atoma ugljika u alkil-ostatku alkil-fenola. Nadalje, prikladni ne jonski tensidi su polietileneksid-adukti polipropilenglikola, etilendiaminopolipropilenglikola i alkilpolipropilenglikola s 1 do 10 atoma ugljika u alkilnom lancu, koji sadrže 20 do 2^0 grupa etilenglikoletera i 10 do 100 grupa propilenglikoletera topivih u vodi. Navedeni spojevi obično sadrže po jedinici propilenglikola 1 do 5 jedinica etilenglikola.
Kao primjeri ne jonskih tensida navode se nonilfenolpolietoksiletanoli, poliglikoleteri ricinusovog ulja, polipropilen-polietanoloksid-adukti, tributilfenoksilpolietoksiletanol, polietilenglikol i octil-fenoksilpolietoksiletanol. Nadalje dolazi u obzir ester masne kiseline polioksietilenorbitana, kao polioksietilenorbitan-trioleat.
Kod kationskih tensida radi se prije svega o kvaternarnim solima amonijuma, koje kao N-supstituenti sadrže najmanje jedan ostatak alkila s 8 do 22 C-atoma i kao dalji supstituenti pokazuju isto tako niže halogenirane alkil-, benzil- ili niže hidroksialkil ostatke. Soli se u najboljem slučaju pokazuju kao halogenidi, metilsulfati ili etilsulfati, kao npr. stearilmetilamonijumklorid ili benzil di(2-kloretil)-etilamonijumbromid.
Gore navedene tenside treba promatrati samo kao primjere; u literaturi su opisani, tensidi koji se upotrebljavaju u tehnici formulacija i prema izumu prikladni tensidi.
Pesticidni pripravci sadrže u pravilu 0,1 do 99 %, naročito 0,1 do 95 % aktivne tvari, ili kombinacije ovih aktivnih tvari s drugim insekticidima i/ ili akaricidima i 1 do 99,9 %, naročito 5 do 99,9 % krutih ili tekućih proizvodnih tvari, pri čemu u pravilu 0 do 25 %, a naročito 0,1 do 20 % može biti pripravaka tensida (% katkada znači težinski postotak). Dok se kao trgovačka roba više koriste koncentrirana sredstva, krajnji potrošač koristi u pravilu razrijeđene pripravke, koji imaju bitno slabije koncentracije aktivnih tvari.
Tipične koncentracije za primjenu su između 0,1 i 1000 ppm, a najbolje između 0, 1 i 500 ppm. Potrošne količine po hektaru iznose općenito 1 do 1000 g aktivne tvari po hektaru, a najbolje 25 do 500 g/ha.
Preferirane formulacije se na slijedeći način spajaju (% znači težinski postotak):
Emulgirajući koncentrati ;
Aktivna tvar (katalizator) 1 do 90 %, preferira se 5 do 20 %
Tensid 1 do 30 %, najbolje 10 do 20 %
Tekući punilac 5 do 94 %, najbolje 70 do 85 %
Prašak ;
Katalizator 0,1 do 10 %, najbolje 0,1 do 1 %
Kruti punilac 99,9 do 90 %, najbolje 99,9 do 99 %
Suspenzijski koncentrati;
Katalizator 5 do 75 %, najbolje 10 do 50 %
Voda 94- do 24 %, najbolje 88 do 30 %
Tensid 1 do 40 % najbolje 2 do 30 %
Prah koji vlaži:
Katalizator 0,5 do 90 %, najbolje 1 do 80 %
Tensid 0,5 do 20 %, najbolje 1 do 15 %
Čvrsti punilac 5 do 95 %, najbolje 15 do 90 %
Granulati:
Katalizator 0,5 do 30 %, najbolje 3 do 15 %
Čvrsti punilac 99,5 do 70 %, najbolje 97 do 85 %
Pripravci mogu sadržavati i ostale proizvodne materijale, kao stabilizatore, npr. po potrebi epoksidirana biljna ulja (npr. epoksidirano ulje kokosovog oraha, repičino ulje ili sojino ulje), sredstva protiv pjenjenja, npr. silikonska ulja, sredstva za konzerviranje, regulatore viskoziteta, vezivna sredstva i/ili sredstva za povezivanje, kao npr. gnojiva ili ostale aktivne tvari u smislu ostvarenja specijalnih efekata.
Slijedeći primjeri poslužit će za objašnjenje izuma. Oni ne ograničavaju izum. Temperature su prikazane u Celzijusovim stupnjevima.
Primjeri proizvodnje:
Primjer H1:
4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselina-[2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etilester] (tabela 1, spoj br. 1.01).
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Otopina od 39/ g 4,4-difluorbut-3-kiseline u 50 ml dietiletera se miješa sa 0,36g 4-pirolidino-piridinom i 5,66 g 2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etanola i hladi na 0°C. Pri temperaturi između 0°C i + 5°C dodaje se po malo (u porcijama) sveukupno 5,58g N,N-dicikloheksilkarbodiimida, preostaje se hladiti i reakcijska smjesa se ostavlja 16 sati uz miješanje na sobnoj temperaturi. N,N-dicikloheksilkarbomid koji se izdvojio kao oborina se odvaja i odbacuje. Preostala otopina se suši isparivanjem. Dobiveni ostatak se čisti kromatografijom (kromatografijom u koloni) od silikagela (Rastvarao: hexan/ etilacetat,9:1) Dobiva se čista 4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselina (2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)-etilester) u obliku ulja (indeks loma nD23 : 1,5315).
Primjer H2 :
Na analogan način kao što je opisan primjer 1, mogu se proizvesti i drugi spojevi navedeni u slijedećim tabelama 1 do 6 - spojevi formule I. U rubrici " fizikalni podaci" stoji "Smp" za talište određenog spoja i nDT za indeks loma određenog spoja pri temperaturi TºC.
Tabela 1:
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Tabela 2:
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Tabela 3:
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Tabela 4:
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Tabela 5:
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Tabela 6:
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Primjeri formulacija (% težinski postotak)
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Iz takvih koncentracija se razrjeđivanjem s vodom mogu dobiti emulzije svih željenih koncentracija.
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Otopine su prikladne za primjenu u obliku najmanjih kapljica.
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Katalizator se otapa u metilenkloridu, prskanjem nanosi na punilo (nosač) i otapalo se konačno isparava u vakuumu.
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Miješanjem punioca s katalizatorom dobiva se sredstvo za prašenje gotovo za upotrebu.
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Katalizator se miješa s dodacima i dobro melje u prikladnom mlinu. Dobiva se prah za štrcanje, koji se s vodom može razrijediti u suspenzije svih željenih koncentracija.
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Iz ovog koncentrata se razrjeđivanjem s vodom moga dobiti emulzije svih željenih koncentracija.
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Dobivaju se sredstva za raspršivanje gotova za upotrebu pomiješana s puniocem i melju se vlastitim mlinom.
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Katalizator se miješa s dodacima, melje i vlazi s vodom. Ova smjesa se ekstrudira, granulira i konačno suši strujom zraka.
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Fino mljeveni katalizator se pomoću miksera ravnomjerno nanosi kaolin navlažen polietilenglikolom. Na taj način se dobivaju granulati u foliji
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Fino mljeveni katalizator se dobro promiješa s dodacima. 5?ako se dobije suspenzijski koncentrat, iz kojeg se razrjeđivanjem s vodom mogu dobiti suspenzije svih željenih koncentracija.
Biološki primjeri
Primjer B1:
Djelovanje protiv Boophilus microplus
Odrasle ženke krpelja se, nakon što se dobro nasišu, priljepe na PVC - pLoču i prekriju vatom. Kod obrade se pokusne životinje preliju sa 10 ml vodene otopine za pokuse, koja sadrži 125 ppm ispitnog katalizatora. Na kraju se vata uklanja i krpelji ostavljaju 4 tjedna u inkubaciji kod odlaganja jajašca. Djelovanje protiv Boophilus microplus ne vidi se niti kod ženki kao mortalitet ili sterilitet, niti se odražava kao ovicidno kod jajašaca. Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju u ovom testu dobro djelovanje. Naročito spojevi 1.01, 2.01 do 2.06, 2.10, 2.12, 2.14 do 2.16, 2.2o, 2,22, 2,23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.05, 4.06, 4.20, 5.01 do 5.03, 5.05, 5.06 i 5. 20 do 5,25 pokazuju djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B2:
djelovanje protiv Nilaparvata lugena
Kulture riže se obraduju vodenom emulzijom - rastvorom za prskanje, koji sadrži 400 ppm. Nakon što se osuši sloj koji se poprskao, na kulture riže se stavljaju ličinke cvrčka 2. i 3. stadija. 21 dan nakon toga dolazi do transformiranja. Iz usporedbe broja preživjelih cvrčaka na biljkama na kojima su prethodno izvršena ispitivanja i biljkama na kojima nisu izvršena ispitivanja (obrađene i neobrađene biljke), procentualno se (% djelovanje) određuje redukcija populacije. Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju u ovom testu dobro djelovanje. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01 do 2.03, 2.07, 2.08, 2.10 do 2.16, 2,20, 2.22, 2.23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.01 do 4.06, 4.20, 5-01 do 5.06, 5.08, 5-10 do 5.12, 5.15, 5.16 i 5.20 do 5.25 pokazuju djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B3 :
Djelovanje protiv Ctenocephalides felis
20 do 25 jajašaca buhe se stavlja u vodoravno postavljenu 50-ml flašu s kulturom, ćelije, u koju se prije toga stavlja 15 g hranjive sredine za ličinke buha, koja sadrži 100 ppm aktivne tvari za ispitivanje. Ispitne flašice se inkubiraju u inkubatoru na temp. 26 do 27°C i 60-70 % vlažnosti zraka. Nakon 21 dan se ispituje prisustvo odraslih buha, čahura i ličinki. Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju u ovom testu dobro djelovanje protiv Ctenocephalides felis. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.02 do 2,08, 2.10 do 2.15, 2.22, 2.23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.03, 4.04, 5.08 i 5.10 do 5.12 pokazuju dobro djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B4:
Djelovanje protiv Aphis craccivora
Klice graška se inficiraju s Aphis craccivora i konačno se poprskaju smjesom koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari i inkubiraju na 20°C. 3 i 6 dana kasnije dolazi do transformacije. Iz usporedbe broja mrtvih lisnih uši na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama određuje se procentualna redukcija populacije (% djelovanja). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju u ovom testu dobro djelovanje. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01, do 2.07, 2.10 do 2.13, 2.22, 2,23, 3.01, 5.05 i 5.20 do 5.25 pokazuju djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B5:
Sistematsko djelovanje protiv Nilaparvata lugens
Lonci s kulturom riže stavljaju se u vodenu emulzijsku otopinu, koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Zatim se na kulturu riže stavljaju ličinke 2. i 3. stadija. 6 dana kasnije dolazi do transformacije. Iz usporedbe broja cvrčaka na obrađenim kulturama i broja na neobrađenim biljkama određuje se procentualna redukcija populacije (% djelovanje). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01 do 2.08, 2.10 do 2.16, 2.20, 2,22, 2.23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.01 do 4.06, 4.20, 5.01 do 5.08, 5.10 do 5.12, 5.15, 5.16 i 5.20 do 5.25 pokazuju djelovanje više od 80 %.
Primjer B6:
Djelovanje protiv Panonychus ulmi (OP i Oarb resistent)
Na sadnice jabuke se stavljaju odrasle ženke Panonychus ulmi. Nakon sedam dana se infestirane biljke prskaju s vodenom emulzijom - koja sadrži 400 ppm spoja koji se ispituje, dok ne bude dobro poprskan kapima i kultivira se u stakleniku. Nakon 14 dana dolazi do transformiranja. Iz usporedbe broja mrtvih Panonyhus ulmi na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama(sadnicama) određuje se procentualna redukcija populacije (% djelovanje). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 u ovom testu pokazuju dobro djelovanje. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01, 2.07, 2.08, 2.10, 2.12 do 2.16, 2,22, 2.23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.06, 5.01 do 5.03, 5.05, 5.06, 5.08, 5.10, 5.11, 5.15, 5.16 i 5.20 do 5.25 pokazuju dobro djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B7:
Djelovanje protiv Nephotettix cincticeps
Kulture riže se prskaju s vodenom emulzijom,koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Nakon sušenja poprskanog sloja, na kulturu riže se stavljaju ličinke cvrčaka 2. i 3. stadija. 21 dan kasnije dolazi do transformiranja. Iz usporedbe broja preživjelih cvrčaka na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama određuje se procentualna redukcija populacije (% djelovanje). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje u ovom testu. Naročito spojevi br. 1101, 2.01, 2.02, 2.03, 2.06, 2.07, 2.10 do 2.12, 2.14 do 2.16, 2.23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.05, 4.06, 5.01 do 5.03, 5.05, 5.10 do 5.12, 5.15, 5.16, 5.20, 5.22, 5.24 i 5.25 pokazuju djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B8:
Djelovanje protiv Bemisia tabaci
Biljke graha se stavljaju u prostor prekriven gazom i zatim se na njih stavljaju odrasli Bemisia tabaci (bijele muhe). Nakon odlaganja jajašaca odrasli se uklanjahu i 10 dana kasnije se biljke i ličinke prskaju vodenom emulzijom (koncentracija 400 ppm). Do transformiranja dolazi 14 dana kasnije, nakon primjene aktivne tvari na % - Postotak izlijeganja u usporedbi s neobrađenim primjercima. Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje u ovom testu. Naročito spojevi 1.01, 2.01 do 2.08, 2. 10 do 2.16, 2.22, 2.23, 3. 01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.05, 4.06, 5.02, 5.03, 5.06 do 5.08, 5.10, 5.11, 5.20, 5.21 i 6.09 pokazuju djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B9:
Djelovanje protiv Tetranychus urticae
Mladice graha se obrađuju mješanom populacijom Tetranychus urticae i 1 dan kasnije prskaju vodenom emulzijom, koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Zatim se biljke 6 dana inkubiraju na temperaturi od 25°C, i tada dolazi do transformiranja. Iz usporedbe broja mrtvih jajašaca ličinki i odraslih na obrađivanim i neobrađivanim biljkama, određuje se procentualna redukcija populacije (% djelovanja). Spojevi tabela 1-6 pokazuju u testu dobro djelovanje. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01 do 2.08, 2.10, 2.12 do 2.16, 2.22, 2.23, 2,26, 3.01, 4.01 do 4,06, 4.20, 5.01 do 5.06, 5.08, 5.10 do 5.12, 5.15, 5.16 i 5.20 do 5.25 prikazuju djelovanje više od 80 %.
Primjer B10:
Djelovanje protiv Heliothis virescens gusjenica
Mlade biljke soje se prskaju vodenom emulzijom, koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Nakon sušenja poprskanog sloja, na biljke se stavlja 10 gusjenica prvog stadija Heliothis virscens i stavlja se u plastični spremnik. 6 dana nakon toga dolazi do transformacije. Iz broja mrtvih gusjenica i štetočina na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama određuje se procentualna redukcija populacije odnosno procentualna redukcija štetočina (% djelovanje). Spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01 do 2.08, 2.10 do 2.16, 2.22, 2.23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.05, 4.06, 4.20, 5.01 do 5.03, 5.05 do 5.08, 5.10 do 5.12, 5.15, 5.16, 5.20 do 5.22, 2.24 i 5.25 prikazuju djelovanje više od 80 %.
Primjer B11:
Djelovanje protiv Crocidolomia benotalia gusjenica
Mlade sadnice kelja se prskaju vodenom emulzijom, koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Nakon sušenja poprskanog sloja na kelj se stavlja 10 gusjenica trećeg stadija Crocidolomia binotalis i stavlja se u plast, spremnik. 3 dana nakon toga dolazi do transformacije. Iz usporedbe broja mrtvih gusjenica i štetočina na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama određuje se procentualna redukcija štetočina (% djelovanje). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje u testu. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 3.01, 5.01, 5.02, 5.05 i 5.20 do 5.25 pokazuju djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B12 : Djelovanje protiv Anthonomus grandis Adulte
Mladi biljke pamuka se prskaju sa vodenom emulzijom, koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Nakon sušenja sloja prskan ja, na biljku pamuka se stavlja 10 Adulta Anthonomus-a grandis i sve se stavlja u plast. vrećicu (spremnik). 3 dana nakon toga dolazi do transformacije. Iz usporedbe broja mrtvih kukaca i štetočina na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama obrađuje se procentualna redukcija populacije odnosno procentualna redukcija štetočina (% djelovanje). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje u ovom testu. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.07, 2.08, 2.10 do 2.16, 3.01, 5.01, 5.02, 5.05, 5.10, 5.16 i 5.20 do 5.25 pokazuje djelovanje od više od 80 %.
Primjer B13:
Sistemsko djelovanje protiv Myzus persicae
Klice graška se inficiraju sa Myzus persicae, zatim sa korijenom stavlja u smjesu za prskanje, koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari, i inkubira pri 20°C. 3 i 6 dana kasnije nastupa transformacija. Iz usporedbe broja mrtvih lisnih uši na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama određuje se redukcija populacije (% djelovanje). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju u ovom testu dobro djelovanje. Osobito spoj br. 1.01 pokazuje djelovanje veće od 80 %.
Primjer B14:
Sistemsko djelovanje protiv Nephotettix cincticeps
Lonci s biljkom riže se stavljaju u vodenu otopinu emulzije, koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Zatim se na kulturu riže stavljaju ličinke 2. i 3. stadija. 6 dana nakon toga dolazi do transformiranja. Iz usporedbe broja cvrčaka na obrađenim i neobrađenim biljkama,može se odrediti procentualna redukcija populacije (% djelovanje). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01 do 2.06, 3.01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.06, 5.01 do 5.03 i 5.24 pokazuju djelovanje veće od 80 %.
Primjer B15:
Ovo/larvicidno djelovanje na Heliothis virescens
Jajašca odložena na pamuk prskaju se s vodenom emulzijom,koja sadrži 400 ppm aktivne tvari. Nakon 8 dana se određuje procentualno izlijeganje iz jajašaca i stopa preživljavanja gusjenica u usporedbi s neobrađenim primjercima (% redukcije populacije). Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje u testu. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.01 do 2.07, 2.10 do 2.12, 2.15, 2.16, 2.22, 2.23, 2.26, 3.01, 4.01 do 4.06, 4.20, 5.01 do 5.08, 5.10 do 5.12, 5.15, 5.16, 5.20 do 5.26 i 6.09 pokazuju djelovanje više od 80 %.
Primjer B16:
Djelovanje protiv Dermanyssus gallinae
U stakleni spremnik otvoren s gornje strane stavlja se 2 do 3 ml otopine koja sadrži 10 ppm aktivne tvari i ca. 200 rastoča u različitim stadijima razvoja. Zatim se spremnik zatvara s vatom, 10 minuta miješa dok se rastoci potpuno ne namoče, zatim se još dobro protrese spremnik da se preostala ispitna otopina skine sa vate. Nakon tri dana utvrđuje se mortalitet rastoča brojenjem uginulih i procentualno se izražava. Spojevi tabela 1 do 6 pokazuju dobro djelovanje protiv Dermanyssus gallinae. Naročito spojevi br. 1.01, 2.06, 2.13, 4.01, 4.02, 4.04, 4.05, 4.06, 5.21 pokazuju djelovanje iznad 80 %.
Claims (24)
1. Derivati karbonske kiseline naznačeni time što je spoj formule
[image]
u kojoj
A znači kisik, sumpor ili -NR1- ;
B C2-C6 alikilen, D-E-O-E, -S-E, -O-CH2-E, -O-C(=O)-E, -O-C(=O)-O-E, -O-C(=O)-N(H)-E ili -O-C(=S)-N(H)-E;
E fenil; preko jednog do tri supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila, halogen-C1-C4--alkila, C1-C4-alkoksila, halogen-C1-C4-alkoksila, cijano, nitro i metilendioksida, supstituiranog fenila; peteročlanog aromatskog hetero-ciklusa s jednim do tri heteroatoma, odabranog iz grupe, koji se sastoji od dušika, kisika i sumpora; supstituiranog peteročlanog aromatskog heterociklusa s jednim do tri heteroatoma, preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila, i C1-C4-halogenalkila, odabranog iz grupe, koji se sastoji od dušika, kisika i sumpora; jednog šesteročlanog aromatskog heterociklusa s jednim do tri atoma dušika; ili jednog supstituiranog šesteročlanog aromatskog heterociklusa s jednim do tri atoma dušika, preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila i C1-C4-halogenalkila;
L halogen ili metil ;
X fluor;
Y klor ili fluor ;
Z vodik, fluor ili metil;
m broj nula, jedan, dva, tri, četiri ili pet ;
n broj nula, jedan ili dva i
R1 vodik, C1-C4-alkil, feniltio ili toliltio.
2. Spoj prema zahtjevu 1 formule I, naznačen time, što A stoji za kisik,
3. Spoj prema zahtjevu 1 ili 2 formule I, naznačen time,što B stoji za etilenski most.
4. Spoj prema zahtjevu 1 do formule I, naznačen time, što A stoji za most (spoj) -NH-.
5. Spoj prema jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 4 formule I, naznačen time, što n stoji za broj nula.
6. Spoj prema jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 5 formule I, naznačen time, što D stoji za -O-.
7. Spoj prema jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 6 formule I, naznačen time, što E stoji za fenil, piridil ili diadiazol, preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od cijano, nitro, halogen, C1-C4-alkila i C1-C4-halogenalkila, supstituirani fenil preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji sa sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila i halogen-C1-C4-alkila supstituiranog piridila ili C1-C4-alkiltiazolil.
8. Spoj prema jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 7 formule I, naznačen time, što m stoji za broj nula, jedan ili četiri.
9. Spoj prema jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 8 formule I, naznačen time, što Y stoji za fluor i Z za vodik.
10. Spoj prema jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 5 i 7 do 9 formule I, naznačen time, što D stoji za -O-CH2-.
11. Spoj prema jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 5 i 7 do 9 formule I, naznačen time, stoji za -O-CO- ili -O-CO-O.
12. Spoj prema zahtjevu 2 formule I, naznačen time, što n znači nula.
13. Spoj prema zahtjevu 12 formule I, naznačen time, što D znači kisik ili sumpor.
14. Spoj prema zahtjevu 2 formule I, naznačen time, što D znači -O-CH2.
15. Spoj prema zahtjevu 6 formule I, naznačen time, što E stoji za fenil, tiadiazolil ili piridil ili isto tako za supstituirani fenil, tiadiazolil ili piridil.
16. Spoj prema zahtjevu 3 formule I, naznačen time, što A stoji za kisik, n za broj nula, D za kisik, sumpor ili -OCH2-, E za fenil, piridil ili tiadiazolil, preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od cijano, nitro, halogena, C1-C4-alkila i CO-halogenalkila, supstituiranog fenila preko jednog ili dva supstituenta, odabranih iz grupe, koji se sastoje od halogena, C1-C4-alkila i halogena C1-C4-alkila supstituiranog piridila, ili C1-C4-alkiltiazolila, m za broj nula, jedan ili četiri, Y za fluor i Z za vodik.
17. Spoj prema zahtjevu 1, formule I, odabran iz grupe, naznačen time, što se sastoji od spojeva :
4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselina-[2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etilester],
4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselina[2-(4-benziloksifenoksil)etilester],
4,4-difluorbut-3-kiselina{2-[4-(4-metil)-benziloksilfenoksil]etilester},
6,6-difluorheks-5-kiselina-[2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etilester],
6,6-difluorheks-5-kiselina-[2-(4-benziloksilfenoksil)etilester],
8,8-difluoroct-7-kiselina-[2-(4-fenoksilfenoksil)etilester],
8,8-difluoroct-7-kiselina-[2-(4-benziloksilfenoksil)etilester],
10,10-difluordec-9-kiselina-[2-(4-fenoksilfeniksil)etilester],
10,10-diflurdec-9-kiselina-[2-(4-benziloksilfanoksil)etilester],
12,12-difluordodec-11-kiselina-[2-(4-fenoksilfanoksil)etilester],
12,12-difluordodec-11-kiselina-[2-(4-benziloksilfenoksil)etilester].
18. Postupak za dobijanje (proizvodnju) prema zahtjevu 1 formule I, u slobodnom obliku ili obliku soli, naznačen time, da
a) spoj formule
[image]
gdje X, Y, Z i m imaju značenje navedeno za formulu I, a hal stoji za klor ili brom, ili eventualno njihova sol u inertnom otapalu u prisustvu sredstva koje veže kiselinu, pretvara sa spojem formule,
[image]
u kojem A, B, L, D, E i n imaju za formulu I navedeno značenje ili eventualno njihove soli ili
b) spoj formule
[image]
u kojoj X, Y, Z i m imaju za formulu navedeno značenje,
i eventualno u prisustvu jednog inertnog otapala i katalizatora ili sredstva koje izvlači vodu, sa spojem formule III ili eventualno njihovom soli, pretvara, ukoliko se želi, slobodno spoj formule I koji se prema postupku može dobiti, u sol, ili sol spoja formule I, koja se prema postupku može dobiti u slobodan spoj formule I ili ga prevodi u neku drugu sol.
19. Sredstva za uništavanje štetočina, naznačena time, da ih najmanje jedan spoj prema jednom ili više zahtjeva 1 do 17 f6rmule I, u slobodnom obliku ili obliku agrokemijski primjenjive soli, sadrži kao katalizator i najmanje jednu pomoćnu materiju.
20. Sredstva prema zahtjevu 19 naznačena time, što su namijenjena za uništavanje insekata i / ili paukova.
21. Postupak za dobivanje sredstva prema Zahtjevu 19, naznačen time, da se katalizator dobro pomiješa sa pomoć(nim)nom mater(ijama)ijom.
22. Postupak za uništavanje štetočina, naznačen time, da se kao katalizator koristi spoj prema jednom ili više zahtjeva 1 do 17 formule I, u slobodnom obliku ili obliku agrokemijski primjenjive soli, za uništavanje štetočina ili njihovog životnog prostora.
23. Postupak prema Zahtjevu 22 za uništavanje insekata i/ili paukova.
24. Spoj formule
[image]
pri čemu A, B, L, D, E, i i n imaju u Zahtjevu 1 navedeno značenje za formulu I naznačen time, što Z stoji za vodik ili metil, u slobodnom obliku ili eventualno u obliku soli.
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CZ281557B6 (cs) * | 1991-03-01 | 1996-11-13 | Monsanto Company | Fluoroalkenylové sloučeniny a jejich použití jako repelentů |
DE19542935A1 (de) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-05-22 | Bayer Ag | Fluorbutenoyloxyessigsäureamide |
GB9919558D0 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 1999-10-20 | Hoechst Schering Agrevo Gmbh | Fungicidal compounds |
AU2160201A (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-30 | Novartis Ag | Organic compounds and their use in the control of ectoparasites |
AU2506801A (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-30 | Novartis Ag | Organic compounds |
AU2160101A (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-30 | Novartis Ag | Carbonic acid derivatives and their use as ectoparasiticidal composition |
ES2201894B2 (es) * | 2002-01-18 | 2005-03-01 | Industrial Management, S.A | Procedimiento para producir combustibles biodiesel con propiedades mejoradas a baja temperatura. |
TW200526552A (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2005-08-16 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha | Haloalkene compounds, process for their production and pesticides containing them |
JP6670688B2 (ja) | 2016-06-15 | 2020-03-25 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 潜在性硬化剤、及びその製造方法、並びに熱硬化型エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
CN110156368A (zh) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-23 | 莱芜市兆信新材料股份有限公司 | 一种石膏减水剂的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4950666A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-08-21 | Fmc Corporation | Difluoroalkane and difluoroalkenylalkane pesticides |
US5081287A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-01-14 | Fmc Corporation | Pesticidal polyhalo alkenoic acid esters |
DE3941966A1 (de) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-06-20 | Schering Ag | Halogenierte olefine, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel |
-
1992
- 1992-06-30 TR TR00550/93A patent/TR26865A/xx unknown
-
1993
- 1993-06-12 MY MYPI93001152A patent/MY109517A/en unknown
- 1993-06-14 TW TW082104703A patent/TW231964B/zh active
- 1993-06-22 AT AT93810443T patent/ATE159930T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-22 DK DK93810443T patent/DK0577555T3/da active
- 1993-06-22 SG SG1996003108A patent/SG49660A1/en unknown
- 1993-06-22 ES ES93810443T patent/ES2110587T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-22 EP EP93810443A patent/EP0577555B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-22 DE DE59307623T patent/DE59307623D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-23 US US08/081,598 patent/US5481013A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-24 PH PH46411A patent/PH30458A/en unknown
- 1993-06-24 IL IL106126A patent/IL106126A0/xx unknown
- 1993-06-28 NZ NZ248008A patent/NZ248008A/en unknown
- 1993-06-28 CA CA002099309A patent/CA2099309A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-06-29 CN CN93107847A patent/CN1039992C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-29 HU HU9301896A patent/HUT65419A/hu unknown
- 1993-06-29 HR HR931007A patent/HRP931007A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-06-29 AU AU41605/93A patent/AU658752B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-06-29 ZA ZA934641A patent/ZA934641B/xx unknown
- 1993-06-29 BR BR9302700A patent/BR9302700A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-30 KR KR1019930012415A patent/KR940005540A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-06-30 JP JP18748993A patent/JP2855398B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-30 MX MX9303929A patent/MX9303929A/es unknown
-
1997
- 1997-11-19 GR GR970403085T patent/GR3025440T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW231964B (hr) | 1994-10-11 |
CN1083804A (zh) | 1994-03-16 |
HU9301896D0 (en) | 1993-09-28 |
ATE159930T1 (de) | 1997-11-15 |
GR3025440T3 (en) | 1998-02-27 |
HUT65419A (en) | 1994-06-28 |
CN1039992C (zh) | 1998-09-30 |
PH30458A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
DE59307623D1 (de) | 1997-12-11 |
JPH0673036A (ja) | 1994-03-15 |
MX9303929A (es) | 1994-01-31 |
AU4160593A (en) | 1994-01-06 |
KR940005540A (ko) | 1994-03-21 |
TR26865A (tr) | 1994-08-19 |
NZ248008A (en) | 1996-01-26 |
US5481013A (en) | 1996-01-02 |
JP2855398B2 (ja) | 1999-02-10 |
ES2110587T3 (es) | 1998-02-16 |
SG49660A1 (en) | 1999-05-25 |
EP0577555B1 (de) | 1997-11-05 |
DK0577555T3 (da) | 1998-07-27 |
IL106126A0 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
BR9302700A (pt) | 1994-08-02 |
MY109517A (en) | 1997-02-28 |
EP0577555A1 (de) | 1994-01-05 |
CA2099309A1 (en) | 1993-12-31 |
ZA934641B (en) | 1994-01-05 |
AU658752B2 (en) | 1995-04-27 |
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