HRP930988A2 - A device for impacting isolation panels in masonry - Google Patents
A device for impacting isolation panels in masonry Download PDFInfo
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- HRP930988A2 HRP930988A2 HR930988A HRP930988A HRP930988A2 HR P930988 A2 HRP930988 A2 HR P930988A2 HR 930988 A HR930988 A HR 930988A HR P930988 A HRP930988 A HR P930988A HR P930988 A2 HRP930988 A2 HR P930988A2
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- impact
- impact hammer
- handle
- hammer
- tool
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- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000254032 Acrididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
- B25D17/02—Percussive tool bits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
- B25D17/28—Supports; Devices for holding power-driven percussive tools in working position
- B25D17/32—Trolleys
Landscapes
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
- Patch Boards (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Izum se odnosi na uređaj za zabijanje izolacionih ploča u zidnu konstrukciju uz pomoć pneumatskih, hidraulički i električno pokretnog udarnog čekića, čiji udarni klip preko međuelementa izvedenog u vidu čeljusti za stezanje s drškom koja se nastavlja na klip i vodi u kanalu za vođenje udarnog čekića, djeluje na čeonu stranu izolacionih ploča koje se sastoje od profiliranog, prvenstveno valovitog čelika ili tvrde plastične mase. The invention relates to a device for driving insulation boards into a wall structure with the help of a pneumatic, hydraulically and electrically movable impact hammer, the impact piston of which is via an intermediate element made in the form of a clamping jaw with a handle that continues to the piston and is guided in a channel for guiding the impact hammer. it acts on the front side of the insulation boards, which consist of profiled, primarily corrugated steel or hard plastic material.
Postupak za isušivanje vlažnih zidova poznat je iz austrijskog patentnog spisa AT-PS 335 689, kod kojeg se tvrde izolacione ploče od nerđajućeg čelika ili plastične mase jedna za drugom kontinuirano i usko zabijaju u zidnu konstrukciju. Izolacione ploče koje se zabijaju čitavom širinom zidne konstrukcije čine u njoj praktično neograničeno postojanu prepreku koja sigurno sprečava podizanje vlage u zidu. The process for drying damp walls is known from the Austrian patent document AT-PS 335 689, in which hard insulating panels made of stainless steel or plastic material are driven continuously and narrowly into the wall structure one after the other. Insulating panels that are nailed across the entire width of the wall structure create a practically unlimited permanent barrier that reliably prevents the rise of moisture in the wall.
Za pravilno i horizontalno uvođenje odnosno ulaganje izolacionih ploča u zidnu konstrukciju potrebni su specijalni alati kao i stručno znanje i iskustvo ljudstva za opsluživanje. U tu svrhu koristi se udarni čekić koji djeluje preko međuelementa na čeonu stranu izolacionih ploča. Za sigurno prenošenje energije udara na izolacione ploče i za njihovo držanje u zidnoj konstrukciji prilikom horizontalnog zabijanja, iz austrijskog patentnog spisa AT-PS 364 149 poznat je uređaj kod kojeg je međuelement izveden kao čeljust za stezanje s drškom u nastavku na udarni klip udarnog čekića i širokim dlijetom koje prime izolacione ploče. Pri tome je neophodno da se drška čeljusti za stezanje vođena u udarnom čekiću prilagodi kanalu za vođenje udarnog čekića. For the correct and horizontal introduction or investment of insulation boards in the wall structure, special tools are required, as well as the professional knowledge and experience of the service personnel. For this purpose, an impact hammer is used, which acts on the front side of the insulation boards via the intermediate element. For the safe transfer of impact energy to the insulation boards and for holding them in the wall structure during horizontal driving, a device is known from the Austrian patent document AT-PS 364 149, in which the intermediate element is designed as a clamping jaw with a handle attached to the impact piston of the impact hammer and with a wide chisel that accepts insulation boards. In doing so, it is necessary that the handle of the clamping jaw guided in the impact hammer is adapted to the channel for guiding the impact hammer.
Konvencionalni udarni čekić, većinom pneumatski čekići, sadrže na kraju za usađivanje alata kanal za vođenje sa relativno malim poprečnim presjekom, najčešće šesterostranim poprečnim presjekom. Drške čeljusti za stezanje se zato mogu izvesti samo sa odgovarajuće malim poprečnim presjekom, kako bi se drške mogle podesiti u postojećim kanalima za vođenje. Kod šestostranih kanala za vođenje time se dobiva još jedan mali noseći poprečni presjek drške, s obzirom da se poprečni presjek mora upisati u šestostrani profil. Ove okolnosti dovode do toga da na mjestu proširenja od drške ka širokom dlijetu odnosno u predjelu naslona drške uvijek dolazi do loma relativno skupog alata. Conventional impact hammers, mostly pneumatic hammers, contain a guiding channel with a relatively small cross-section, usually a six-sided cross-section, at the end for inserting the tool. The handles of the clamping jaws can therefore only be made with a suitably small cross-section, so that the handles can be adjusted in the existing guide channels. In the case of six-sided guide channels, this results in another small bearing cross-section of the handle, considering that the cross-section must be inscribed in the six-sided profile. These circumstances lead to the fact that at the point of extension from the handle to the wide chisel, i.e. in the area of the handle rest, a relatively expensive tool always breaks.
Nadalje, poznati udarni čekići sadrže napravu koja osigurava usađeni alat u kanalu za vođenje od ispadanja. Ta naprava može biti ustavljač s kuglicom kod koga kuglice, opterećene pomoću opruge, ili slični elementi za blokiranje, uskaču u žlijeb drške alata, ili mehanički zatvarač sa skakavicom, čije kukaste poluge zahvaćaju u vijenac ili naslon alata. Kod druge poznate konstrukcije odnosno uređaja drška alata sadrži vijenac koji na kraju hoda alata udara na Furthermore, known impact hammers contain a device that secures the embedded tool in the guide channel from falling out. This device can be a ball stop where the balls, loaded by means of a spring, or similar blocking elements, jump into the groove of the tool handle, or a mechanical fastener with a grasshopper, whose hooked levers engage the crown or the back of the tool. In another known construction or device, the handle of the tool contains a ring which at the end of the stroke of the tool hits the
poklopac postavljen ili navrnut na kraju udarnog uređaja. cap placed or screwed on the end of the impact device.
U američkom patentnom spisu US-PS 2 685 274 opisana je konstrukcija kod koje je vijenac od elastičnog materijala pričvršćen na drški alata, koji vijenac ne samo da osigurava alat od ispadanja i prigušuje udare alata na kraju hoda na poklopac i na udarni čekić na ulazu kanala za vođenje. Pri tome je polumjer drške alata po čitavoj njenoj dužini isti. Elastični vijenac ili ivični ispust na drški alata je nalijepljen ili navulkaniziran. Kraj drške alata, koji izlazi van, izveden je kao udarno dijeto. Na osnovu naprave za osiguranje od ispadanja alata poznati udarni čekići su relativno dugački. S tim u svezi, drška alata, koja se mora izvesti u odgovarajućoj dužini, također je postavljena ispod udarnog čekića. US-PS 2,685,274 describes a construction in which a ring of elastic material is attached to the shank of the tool, which ring not only secures the tool from falling out and dampens the impact of the tool at the end of the stroke on the cover and on the impact hammer at the entrance of the channel for guidance. At the same time, the radius of the tool handle is the same along its entire length. The elastic rim or edge relief on the tool handle is glued or vulcanized. The end of the handle of the tool, which comes out, is designed as an impact die. On the basis of the device for securing the tool against falling out, known impact hammers are relatively long. In this connection, the handle of the tool, which must be made in the appropriate length, is also placed under the impact hammer.
Iz austrijskog patentnog spisa AT-PS 364 150 poznato je da udarni čekić za zabijanje izolacionih ploča u zidnu konstrukciju postavlja na noseće postolje pričvršćeno na zidnu konstrukciju. Pri tome je udarni čekić na mjestu koji se drži na vertikalno pomičnim stupovima i nosi kolica koja se pomiču po mostu poprečno na smjer zabijanja. Na kolicima je uležišten klizač koji se pomiče u smjeru zabijanja, a montiran je na udarnom čekiću. Uz pomoć ovog nosećeg postolja udarni čekić može se brzo, lako i točno dovesti u pravilan položaj za zabijanje izolacionih ploča u odnosu na zidnu konstrukciju, tako da se izolacione ploče precizno uvode u sastavke u zidnoj konstrukciji. Noseće postolje s mostom, kolicima i pomičnim klizačem zauzimaju relativno veliki prostor kojim se svuda uvijek dovoljno ne raspolaže. Nije nebitno što širina nosećeg postolja određuje dužinu udarnog čekića montiranom horizontalno na postolju. From the Austrian patent file AT-PS 364 150 it is known that the impact hammer for hammering insulation boards into the wall construction is placed on a support stand attached to the wall construction. In doing so, the impact hammer is in place, which is held on vertically moving columns and carries a trolley that moves across the bridge transversely to the driving direction. A slide is mounted on the carriage, which moves in the direction of driving, and is mounted on the impact hammer. With the help of this support stand, the impact hammer can be quickly, easily and accurately brought into the correct position for driving the insulation boards in relation to the wall construction, so that the insulation boards are precisely introduced into the components in the wall construction. The support base with the bridge, trolley and movable slide takes up a relatively large space, which is not always available enough everywhere. It is not unimportant that the width of the support base determines the length of the impact hammer mounted horizontally on the base.
Izumom se ostvaruje pojednostavljeni i znatno smanjeni uređaj za zabijanje izolacionih ploča u zidnu konstrukciju, koji se uređaj također može koristiti u uvjetima ograničenog prostora, npr. uski prolazi i hodnici. Usprkos tome što omogućuje besprijekorno zabijanje ploča, uređaj je robustan i univerzalno primjenjiv. The invention creates a simplified and significantly reduced device for driving insulation panels into a wall structure, which device can also be used in conditions of limited space, for example, narrow passages and corridors. In spite of the fact that it allows for flawless nailing of panels, the device is robust and universally applicable.
Tehnički problem prema izumu riješen je tako što je kanal za vođenje u udarnom čekiću za dršku čeljusti za stezanje izveden na poznati način kao kod udarnih čekića s napravom za osiguranje drške alata od ispadanja izveden u vidu cilindra s malo manjim promjerom od promjera udarnog klipa, što je promjer dijela drške od udarnog klipa do mjesta prijelaza u široko dlijeto bez naslona isti i što je kanal za vođenje, izostavljajući napravu za osiguranje alata od ispadanja, skraćen. Izvedba prema izumu prije svega omogućuje da se drška alata skrati i da poprečni presjek drške bude veći čime se otpornost drške za udarno opterećenje, a u svezi s konstantnim promjerom čitavom dužinom drške, znatno povećava, a opasnost od loma potpuno isključuje. Kanal za vođenje u udarnom čekiću za prijem drške alata s povećanim promjerom može se, u odnosu na do sada primjenjivane izvedbe, povećati ili proširiti. The technical problem according to the invention is solved by the fact that the guide channel in the impact hammer for the handle of the clamping jaw is made in a known way, as in impact hammers with a device for securing the handle of the tool against falling out, made in the form of a cylinder with a slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the impact piston, which the diameter of the part of the handle from the impact piston to the point of transition to the wide chisel without a rest is the same and that the guide channel, omitting the device for securing the tool against falling out, is shortened. The performance according to the invention first of all allows the tool handle to be shortened and the cross-section of the handle to be larger, which significantly increases the resistance of the handle to impact load, and in connection with the constant diameter along the entire length of the handle, and the risk of breakage is completely eliminated. The guide channel in the impact hammer for receiving a tool handle with an increased diameter can be enlarged or widened compared to the designs used so far.
Druga prednost izuma je što svi alati mogu imati isti promjer drške, pa se stoga mogu prilagoditi svim tipovima udarnih čekića, čime se držanje na skladištu znatno pojednostavljuje i pojeftinjuje. Another advantage of the invention is that all tools can have the same shank diameter, and therefore can be adapted to all types of impact hammers, which greatly simplifies and lowers the cost of keeping them in stock.
Nadalje, drška alata može se, osim izvedbe da velikim promjerom, još više skrati da bi se širilo dlijeto, koje prima izolacionu ploču na prednjem kraju drške moglo postaviti što bliže kanalu za vođenje drške u udarnom čekiću ili neposredno priključiti na njegovom vanjskom kraju. Time se dobiva robusna čeljust za stezanje koja može sigurno savladati teške udare, opterećenja na savijanje i uvijanje koja se javljaju kod relativno širokog dlijeta, koje je potrebno za ravnanje i vođenje izolacionih ploča prilikom zabijanja. Furthermore, the handle of the tool can, in addition to the design with a large diameter, be shortened even more so that the expanding chisel, which receives the insulating plate at the front end of the handle, can be placed as close as possible to the guide channel of the handle in the impact hammer or directly connected to its outer end. This results in a robust clamping jaw that can safely overcome heavy impacts, bending and twisting loads that occur with a relatively wide chisel, which is required for straightening and guiding insulation boards during nailing.
Napokon, također važna prednost izuma je u skraćenoj izvedbi udarnog čekića koja omogućuje korištenje čekića u uvjetima skučenog prostora, a naročito u uskim hodnicima i prolazima. Pri tome se skraćeni udarni čekić tijekom zabijanja može držati i voditi rukama, s druge strane takva izvedba udarnog čekića također omogućuje korištenje malog i jednostavnog postolja za njegovo postavljanje. Finally, another important advantage of the invention is the shortened version of the impact hammer, which enables the hammer to be used in confined spaces, especially in narrow corridors and passages. At the same time, the shortened impact hammer can be held and guided by hands during driving, on the other hand, such a design of the impact hammer also enables the use of a small and simple stand for its installation.
Prvenstvena konstrukcija uređaja prema izumu sastoji se u tome, što je uređaj izrađen od konvencionalnog udarnog čekića putem skraćenja, npr. odsijecanja jednog dijela vođice alata koji je postavljen ispred udarnog klipa i povećanog proširenja kanala za vođenje, naročito kod postojeće šestostrane vođice u obliku cilindra. pri tome, naprava za osiguranje alata od ispadanja na udarnom čekiću se uklanja, pa se time ukupna dužina udarnog čekića znatno skraćuje odnosno smanjuje. Ovaj postupak omogućava da se uređaj prema izumu jednostavno i na jeftin način izradi od konvencionalnog udarnog čekića kojeg ima na tržištu. The primary construction of the device according to the invention consists in the fact that the device is made from a conventional impact hammer by means of shortening, e.g. cutting off a part of the tool guide which is placed in front of the impact piston and increasing the extension of the guide channel, especially in the case of the existing six-sided guide in the form of a cylinder. at the same time, the device for securing the tool from falling out on the impact hammer is removed, so the total length of the impact hammer is significantly shortened or reduced. This procedure enables the device according to the invention to be made simply and inexpensively from a conventional impact hammer available on the market.
U okviru izuma uređaj se može izvesti tako da svi kanali za vođenje čeljusti za stezanje imaju isti promjer nezavisno od veličine udarnog čekića, pri čemu se za sve udarne čekiće mogu koristiti iste čeljusti za stezanje. Time se postiže smanjenje troškova za izradu pojedinačnih alata, a time i dopunsko znatno smanjenje troškova za održavanje i čuvanje alata, s obzirom da svi alati odgovaraju svim tipovima udarnih čekića. Napokon, produženje vijeka trajanja alata putem povećanja poprečnog presjeka čitavom dužinom skraćene drške je znatno. Skraćenjem drške alati postaju lakši, čime se energija udara čekića bolje prenosi na izolacione ploče. Within the framework of the invention, the device can be made so that all channels for guiding the clamping jaws have the same diameter regardless of the size of the impact hammer, whereby the same clamping jaws can be used for all impact hammers. This achieves a reduction in costs for the manufacture of individual tools, and thus also a significant additional reduction in costs for maintenance and storage of tools, given that all tools correspond to all types of impact hammers. Finally, the extension of tool life by increasing the cross-section along the entire length of the shortened shank is considerable. By shortening the handle, the tools become lighter, which means that the energy of the hammer impact is better transferred to the insulation boards.
Uređaj prema izumu ne može se koristiti samo kod izvođenja kod kojih se drška i široko dlijeto čeljusti za stezanje sastoje iz jednog komada. Prema izumu je moguće da se drška postavljena u kanalu za vođenje u udarnom čekiću odvoji od širokog dlijeta čeljusti za stezanje i da svojim, prvenstveno neznatno konusnim krajem, zalazi u udubljenje širokog dlijeta sa zazorom. Pri tome je drška unaprijed odvojena od širokog dlijeta, što opasnost od loma, prije svega na ugroženim prelaznim mjestima, još više smanjuje. The device according to the invention cannot be used only in the case of the execution in which the handle and the wide chisel of the clamping jaws consist of one piece. According to the invention, it is possible for the handle placed in the guide channel in the impact hammer to separate from the wide chisel of the clamping jaws and to insert its primarily slightly conical end into the recess of the wide chisel with a gap. At the same time, the handle is separated from the wide chisel in advance, which reduces the risk of breakage even more, especially at vulnerable transition points.
Praktično se isti učinak polučuje kada se prema inačici izuma predvidi čahura za spajanje u koju s jednog kraja zadire drška, dok je drugim krajem uglavljena na produžetak širokog dlijeta. I u ovom je slučaju, a poradi već unaprijed poduzete diobe, opasnosti od loma isključena. Practically the same effect is obtained when, according to the version of the invention, a connection sleeve is provided, into which the handle penetrates from one end, while the other end is wedged onto the extension of the wide chisel. In this case too, due to the division already undertaken in advance, the risk of breakage is excluded.
Nadalje, udarni čekić u skraćenoj izvedbi prema izumu i bez naprave za osiguranje od ispadanja alata može se postaviti na vozno postolje na kotačima s horizontalnom osi horizontalno nepokretno i s mogućnošću vertikalnog pomicanja. Ovdje se radi o jednostavnom, pokretnom postolju za skraćeni udarni čekić, montiran na postolju uz mogućnost samo vertikalnog pomicanja. Učvršćivanje uređaja, pomak uređaja kod zabijanja ploča i bočno pomicanje prije zabijanja nove ploče izvode se pomicanjem voznog postolja uz pomoć kotača i na naročito jednostavan način. Ovo može izvoditi jedan djelatnik ručno. Pošto osim vertikalnog pomicanja, nisu potrebni drugi uređaji za pomicanje udarnog čekića, a s obzirom da je udarni čekić kratak, vozno postolje je prema izumu jednostavno, malog gabarita i pokretljivosti tako da se može koristiti praktično svuda, a posebno u uvjetima skučenog prostora. Furthermore, the impact hammer in a shortened version according to the invention and without a device for securing the tool from falling out can be placed on a rolling stand on wheels with a horizontal axis, horizontally immovable and with the possibility of vertical movement. This is a simple, movable stand for a shortened impact hammer, mounted on a stand with the possibility of vertical movement only. Fixing the device, moving the device when driving the boards and moving it laterally before driving a new board is performed by moving the undercarriage with the help of wheels and in a particularly simple way. This can be done manually by one employee. Since, apart from vertical movement, no other devices are needed to move the impact hammer, and since the impact hammer is short, the undercarriage according to the invention is simple, small-sized and mobile, so that it can be used practically everywhere, especially in conditions of limited space.
Prema jednoj odlici izuma, na vozno postolje može se postaviti pneumatski ili hidraulički servocilindar pomoću kojeg se vozno postolje s udarnim čekićem pomiče prema zidnoj konstrukciji, pri čemu se servocilindar oslanja na zidnu konstrukciju preko izvlačive oslonačke noge ili je spojen s njom preko uređaja za zatezanje čvrsto spojenog sa zidnom konstrukcijom. Ovaj jednostavan dodatni uređaj služi za pouzdano oslanjanje udarnog čekića s alatom prilikom zabijanja ploča, a eventualno i za pomicanje, tako da za pokretanje uređaja izumu nije potrebno praktično nikakvo veliko fizičko naprezanje. According to one embodiment of the invention, a pneumatic or hydraulic servo cylinder can be placed on the undercarriage, by means of which the undercarriage with an impact hammer is moved towards the wall structure, whereby the servo cylinder rests on the wall structure via a retractable support leg or is connected to it via a tightening device connected to the wall structure. This simple additional device serves to reliably support the impact hammer with the tool when driving the plates, and possibly also to move it, so that the invention does not require practically any great physical strain to start the device.
Pojedinosti i prednosti izuma opisane su i prikazane u opisu i priloženim nacrtima, a na osnovu primjera načina izvođenja. The details and advantages of the invention are described and shown in the description and attached drawings, based on examples of the method of execution.
- Slika 1 prikazuje djelomičan presjek u izgledu odozgo konvencionalnog uređaja za zabijanje izolacionih ploča u zidnu konstrukciju. - Figure 1 shows a partial cross-section in a top view of a conventional device for driving insulation boards into a wall structure.
- Slika 2 prikazuje presjek po liniji II-II na slici 1. - Figure 2 shows a section along line II-II in Figure 1.
- Slika 3 prikazuje izgled uređaja prema izumu slično kao na slici 1. - Figure 3 shows the appearance of the device according to the invention, similar to Figure 1.
- Slika 4 prikazuje presjek po liniji IV-IV na slici 3. - Figure 4 shows a section along line IV-IV in Figure 3.
- Slike 5 i 6 prikazuju detalje inačice alata, također u presjeku. - Figures 5 and 6 show details of the tool version, also in section.
- Slike 7, 8 i 9 prikazuju primjer izvođenja uređaja prema izumu s voznim postoljem za držanje udarnog čekića, pri čemu slike 7 i 8 prikazuju dvije inačice u izgledu sa strane, a slika 9 djelomičan presjek voznog postolja u izgledu sa strane. - Figures 7, 8 and 9 show an example of the embodiment of the device according to the invention with a chassis for holding a hammer, whereby Figures 7 and 8 show two versions in side view, and Figure 9 a partial section of the chassis in side view.
Uređaj prikazan na slici 1 sastoji se od udarnog čekića 1 sa u njemu pomičnim udarnim klipom 1, koji se npr. pneumatski pokreće. Udarni klip 2 djeluje, preko međuelementa izvedenog u vidu čeljusti 3 za stezanje, na valovitu izolacionu ploču 4. Na drugom kraju udarnog čekića 1 postavljena je poluga 5 za uključivanje. Dovođenje zraka za pokretanje izvodi se preko crijeva 6 za sabijeni zrak. Udari udarnog klipa 2 prenose se na izolacionu ploču 4 preko čeljusti 3 za stezanje, koja se ploča 4 zabija u zidnu konstrukciju. The device shown in Figure 1 consists of an impact hammer 1 with a movable impact piston 1 inside it, which is, for example, pneumatically actuated. Impact piston 2 acts, via an intermediate element in the form of jaws 3 for clamping, on the corrugated insulating plate 4. At the other end of the impact hammer 1, a lever 5 for inclusion is placed. Air supply for starting is carried out via hose 6 for compressed air. Impacts of the impact piston 2 are transmitted to the insulating plate 4 via the jaws 3 for clamping, which plate 4 is driven into the wall structure.
Čeljusti 3 za stezanje sastoje se od drške 7 i širokog dlijeta 8 koje se nastavlja na dršku 7. Drška 7 je relativno dugačka i pomiče se u kanalu 9 za vođenje u udarnom čekiću 1 u smjeru produžne ose, pri čemu je na srednjem dijelu drške 7 postavljen naslon 10. Deblji dio 11 drške 7 obuhvaćen je s relativno velikim zazorom ljevkastim proširenje 12 kućišta udarnog čekića 1. U predjelu ljevkastog proširenja 12 postavljen je pribor za utvrđivanje, kod konvencionalnih udarnih čekića, za priključni alat, koji pribor sprečava otpuštanje i ispadanje alata. The clamping jaws 3 consist of a handle 7 and a wide chisel 8, which continues on the handle 7. The handle 7 is relatively long and moves in the guide channel 9 in the impact hammer 1 in the direction of the extension axis, while on the middle part of the handle 7 a support 10 is placed. The thicker part 11 of the handle 7 is covered with a relatively large gap by the funnel-shaped extension 12 of the impact hammer housing 1. In the area of the funnel-shaped extension 12, an accessory is placed for fixing, in conventional impact hammers, the connecting tool, which accessory prevents the tool from loosening and falling out .
Na slici 2 je prikazano da kanal 9 za vođenje u udarnom čekiću 1 sadrži šestostrani poprečni presjek, pri čemu drška 7 čeljusti 3 za stezanje u ovom predjelu mora imati poprečni presjek koji je manji od kruga upisanog u šesterokutnom kanalu 9 za vođenje. Figure 2 shows that the guide channel 9 in the impact hammer 1 contains a six-sided cross-section, whereby the handle 7 of the clamping jaw 3 in this area must have a cross-section that is smaller than the circle inscribed in the hexagonal guide channel 9.
Prema slici 1, drška 7 i odgovarajući kanal 9 za vođenje zajedno sa ljevkastim proširenjem 12 su relativno dugački, tako da uređaj u cjelini ima relativno veliku dužinu. To u praksi znači da je potrebna odgovarajuće velika radna širina da bi se sa uređajem moglo besprijekorno raditi. U mnogim zgradama ne raspolaže se potrebnim radnim širinama, npr. u uskim hodnicima odnosno prolazima, stepeništima i slično. Osim toga, dugačka i relativno tanka drška 7 čeljusti 3 za stezanje sklona je lomovima, prije svega u predjelu naslona 10, gdje se djelovanja zareza odnosno konstrukcije naprezanja ne mogu potpuno isključiti. According to Figure 1, the handle 7 and the corresponding guide channel 9 together with the funnel-shaped extension 12 are relatively long, so that the device as a whole has a relatively large length. In practice, this means that a sufficiently large working width is required in order to work flawlessly with the device. In many buildings, the necessary working widths are not available, for example in narrow corridors or passageways, staircases and the like. In addition, the long and relatively thin handle 7 of the clamping jaws 3 is prone to breakage, primarily in the area of the backrest 10, where the effects of notches or stress structures cannot be completely excluded.
Na slici 3 prikazan je primjer izvođenja uređaja prema izumu u istom prikazu kao konvencionalni uređaj na slici 1. U ovom slučaju na udarnom čekiću 1 s udarnim klipom 2 postavljen je alat koji se sastoji od čeljusti 3 za stezanje, čija drška 7 klizi u kanalu 9 za vođenje u udarnom čekiću 1. Ljevkasto proširenje 12 koje se nastavlja na kanal 9 za vođenje (slika 1) u potpunosti otpada. Kućište udarnog čekića 1, a također i drška 7 su na odgovarajući način skraćeni. U tu svrhu, promjer drške 7 je znatno veći za razliku od drške 7 na slici 1. Figure 3 shows an example of the device according to the invention in the same view as the conventional device in Figure 1. In this case, a tool consisting of a clamping jaw 3, whose handle 7 slides in a channel 9, is placed on the impact hammer 1 with impact piston 2 for guiding in the impact hammer 1. The funnel-shaped extension 12 that continues to the guide channel 9 (picture 1) falls off completely. The housing of the impact hammer 1 and also the handle 7 are shortened accordingly. For this purpose, the diameter of the handle 7 is significantly larger in contrast to the handle 7 in Figure 1.
Prema slici 4 kanal 9 za vođenje izveden je u vidu cilindra s malo manjim promjerom od promjera udarnog klipa 2, čime se omogućuje veći poprečni presjek drške 7. Promjer drške 7 na dijelu od udarnog klipa 2 do mjesta prijelaza u široko dlijeto 8 čeljusti 3 za stezanje i bez naslona je siti. According to Figure 4, the guide channel 9 is made in the form of a cylinder with a slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the impact piston 2, which enables a larger cross-section of the handle 7. tightening and without a backrest is full.
Polazeći od konvencionalnog udarnog čekića na slici 1, udarni čekić prema izumu na slici 3 izrađen je na jednostavan način tako što je dio kućišta udarnog čekića 1 okrenut prema čeljusti 3 za stezanje djelomično odsječen, pa je time udarni čekić znatno skraćen. S tim u svezi, kod konvencionalnih izvođenja većinom šestostranog kanala 9 za vođenje potrebno ga je proširiti sa što većim promjerom cilindra. Drška 7 čeljusti 3 za stezanje također se može skratiti i izvesti s odgovarajuće velikim promjerom bez naslona, čime se postiže znatno mehaničko pojačanje, koje potpuno isključuje eventualne lomove. Osim toga, za sve udarne čekiće može se koristiti isti alat, što znatno olakšava održavanje zaliha alata. Napokon, čeljust 3 za stezanje, skraćivanjem drške 7, postaje lakše, čime se energija udara s udarnog čekića 1 prenosi na izolacionu ploču 4 s većim stupnjem korisnog djelovanja. Starting from the conventional impact hammer in Figure 1, the impact hammer according to the invention in Figure 3 is made in a simple way by partially cutting off the part of the housing of the impact hammer 1 facing the clamping jaw 3, thus the impact hammer is significantly shortened. In this regard, in the case of conventional designs, the mostly hexagonal guide channel 9 needs to be expanded with the largest possible diameter of the cylinder. The handle 7 of the jaws 3 for clamping can also be shortened and made with an appropriately large diameter without a rest, which achieves a significant mechanical reinforcement, which completely excludes possible breakages. In addition, the same tool can be used for all impact hammers, making tool inventory maintenance much easier. Finally, the clamping jaw 3, by shortening the handle 7, becomes lighter, which transfers the impact energy from the impact hammer 1 to the insulating plate 4 with a greater degree of useful effect.
U inačici na slici 5, čeljust 3 za stezanje izvedena je u dijelovima. Drška 7 postavljena u kanalu9 za vođenje u udarnom čekiću 1 odvojena je od širokog dlijeta 8 čeljusti 3 za stezanje i svojim malo konusnim krajem 13 postavljena u udubljenju 14 širokog dlijeta 8 sa zazorom. Kod izvođenja na slici 6 predviđena je čahura 15 za spajanje, koja u sredini sadrži prolazni odvojeni kanal 16. Jedan kraj drške 7 zadire u čahuru 15 za spajanje (na nacrtu na lijevoj strani), pri čemu je čahura 15 za spajanje drugim krajem nasađena na produžetak 17 širokog dlijeta 8. Ovdje postoji neposredna mehanička veza između drške 7 i širokog dlijeta 8, čime se garantira besprijekorno prenošenje udara s udarnog čekića 1 na izolacionu ploču 4 koja se zabija. Podijeljenim izvođenjem čeljusti 3 za stezanje na dršku 7 i široko dlijeto 8 opasnost od loma u prijelaznom predjelu se još više smanjuje. In the version in Figure 5, the clamping jaw 3 is made in parts. The handle 7 placed in the guide channel 9 in the impact hammer 1 is separated from the wide chisel 8 of the jaws 3 for clamping and its slightly conical end 13 is placed in the recess 14 of the wide chisel 8 with a gap. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, a connecting sleeve 15 is provided, which in the middle contains a through-through separate channel 16. One end of the handle 7 penetrates into the connecting sleeve 15 (on the drawing on the left side), while the connecting sleeve 15 is mounted on the other end extension 17 of the wide chisel 8. Here there is a direct mechanical connection between the handle 7 and the wide chisel 8, thus guaranteeing the perfect transfer of the impact from the impact hammer 1 to the insulating plate 4 that is driven. The split design of jaws 3 for clamping on the handle 7 and wide chisel 8 reduces the risk of breakage in the transition area even more.
Vozno postolje 18 (slika 7, 8 i 9) sastoji se od četiri cijevna stupa 19 koji su međusobno spojeni preko podužnih nosača 20 i poprečnih nosača 21. Na donjim krajevima stupova 19 u podužnom smjeru postolja 18 postavljeni su kotači 22. The undercarriage 18 (figure 7, 8 and 9) consists of four tubular columns 19 which are connected to each other via longitudinal supports 20 and cross supports 21. Wheels 22 are placed at the lower ends of the columns 19 in the longitudinal direction of the base 18.
Udarni čekić 1 i pneumatski ili hidraulički servocilindar 25 pričvršćeni su na poprečne nosače 21 preko držača 23 i preko stalaka 24, 24 i 24 ležišta (slika 9) kako je prikazano na slikama 7 i 8. Vertikalno pomicanje izvodi se uz pomoć vretena 26 (slika 9) koje se obrće pomoću obrtaljke 27 u navrtki 28. Navrtka 28 je pričvršćena na gornjem kraju cijevi 29 za podešavanje koncentrično uvučenoj u cijevni stup 19. Na donjem kraju cijevi 29 postavljen je kotač 22. Jednostavnim obrtanjem obrtaljke 27 cijevni stup 19 može se praktično proizvoljno produživati ili skraćivati, čime se udarni čekić 1 pričvršćen na držaču 23 točno postavlja u horizontalni položaj na posebnoj visini. The impact hammer 1 and the pneumatic or hydraulic servo cylinder 25 are attached to the transverse supports 21 via the holder 23 and via the racks 24, 24 and 24 of the bed (Figure 9) as shown in Figures 7 and 8. Vertical movement is performed with the help of the spindle 26 (Figure 9) which is rotated by means of the revolving wheel 27 in the nut 28. The nut 28 is attached to the upper end of the adjustment pipe 29 concentrically inserted into the pipe column 19. A wheel 22 is placed at the lower end of the pipe 29. By simply turning the rotary wheel 27, the pipe column 19 can be practically can be arbitrarily extended or shortened, whereby the impact hammer 1 attached to the holder 23 is accurately placed in a horizontal position at a specific height.
Primjena voznog postolja 18 predviđenog izumom prikazana je na slikama 7 i 8. Vozno postolje 18 s jednom od svojih čeonih strana usmjerava se prema zidnoj konstrukciji 30 u koju se izolacione ploče 4 horizontalno zabijaju. Izolacione ploče 4 drže se u čeljustima 3 za stezanje, čija se drška 7 (slika 3) pomično vodi u kanalu 9 za vođenje u udarnom čekiću 1. Izolacione ploče se svojim prednjim krajem ravnaju sa sastavkom 31 zida u koji se zabijaju. Točno postavljanje i ravnanje izvode se vertikalnim pomicanjem voznog postolja 18 uz pomoć obrtaljki 27. Zabijanje izolacionih ploča 4 u sastavke 31 zida izvodi se uz pomoć udarnog čekića 1 i pomaka voznog postolja 18 u smjeru prema zidnoj konstrukciji 30. The application of the undercarriage 18 provided by the invention is shown in Figures 7 and 8. The undercarriage 18 with one of its front sides is directed towards the wall structure 30 into which the insulating panels 4 are driven horizontally. The insulation boards 4 are held in the jaws 3 for clamping, the handle 7 (picture 3) of which is movably guided in the guide channel 9 in the impact hammer 1. The insulation boards are aligned with their front end with the composition 31 of the wall into which they are driven. Accurate placement and leveling are performed by vertically moving the undercarriage 18 with the help of turntables 27. Driving the insulation boards 4 into the wall components 31 is performed with the help of a hammer 1 and moving the undercarriage 18 in the direction towards the wall structure 30.
Pomicanje kod zabijanja izolacionih ploča 4 u zidnu konstrukciju 30 može vršiti jedan djelatnik ručno. Pošto je za ovu operaciju potreban relativno velika primjena snage, u tu svrhu je prema izumu predviđen pneumatski ili hidraulički servocilindar 25. Servocilindar 25 (slika 7) preko usmjeravajućeg kotura 32 zateže uže 33, čiji je kraj s kukom 34 postavljen na cijev 35 utvrđenu u zidnoj konstrukciji 30, npr. utvrđen pomoću klina 36. Na ovaj jednostavan način pomicanje se može izvoditi pomoću servocilindra 25, pri čemu je moguće izvršiti relativno veliki pomak, s obzirom da pomak na osnovu vođenje užeta 33 preko usmjeravajućeg kotura 32 odgovara dvostrukom hodu klipa servocilinda 25. Moving when driving the insulation boards 4 into the wall structure 30 can be done manually by one employee. Since this operation requires a relatively large application of power, for this purpose, according to the invention, a pneumatic or hydraulic servo cylinder 25 is provided. The servo cylinder 25 (Figure 7) tightens the rope 33 over the guiding pulley 32, the end of which with the hook 34 is placed on the tube 35 fixed in to the wall structure 30, e.g. determined by means of a pin 36. In this simple way, the movement can be performed by means of the servo cylinder 25, whereby it is possible to make a relatively large movement, given that the movement based on the guidance of the rope 33 over the guide pulley 32 corresponds to the double stroke of the piston of the servo cylinder 25.
Na primjeru izvođenja izuma na slici 8 servocilindar 25 neposredno djeluje na oslonačku šipku 38 koja je na njemu kruto ili preko globa 37 pričvršćena, a čiji je slobodan kraj nepokretno oslonjen preko površine papuče 39 na zid 40. Oslonačka šipka 38 može se teleskopski produživati, npr. pomoću otvora postavljenih na međusobnom rastojanju, koji su postavljeni u teleskopski jedan u drugog uvučenih dijelova šipke i međusobno spojeni pomoću svornjaka. Umjesto na zidu 40, oslonačka šipka 38 s papučom 39 može se utvrditi na zemlji, npr. zabijanjem betonskog željeza i slično u zemlju, na koje oslonac oslanja. In the example of the embodiment of the invention in Figure 8, the servo cylinder 25 acts directly on the support rod 38, which is fixed to it rigidly or via a ball 37, and whose free end is immovably supported over the surface of the slipper 39 on the wall 40. The support rod 38 can be telescopically extended, e.g. .by means of openings placed at a distance from each other, which are placed in telescopically inserted into each other parts of the rod and connected to each other by means of bolts. Instead of on the wall 40, the support bar 38 with the shoe 39 can be fixed on the ground, for example by driving concrete iron and the like into the ground, on which the support rests.
Kod ovog primjera izvođenja pomicanja voznog postolja 18 prilikom zabijanja izolacionih ploča 4 u zidnu konstrukciju 30 vrši servocilindar 25, pri čemu se moguća dionica pomaka može praktično svojevoljno povećavati odgovarajućim produživanjem oslonačke šipke 38. Čim je izolaciona ploča 4 zabijena u zidnu konstrukciju 30, vozno postolje 18 se ili ručno ili preusmjeravanjem servocilindra 25 odvlači od zidne konstrukcije 30 i bočno pomiče za širinu izolacione ploče 4, na što se poslije ulaganja nove izolacione ploče 4 u čeljust 3 za stezanje, ova na opisani način zabija u zidnu konstrukciju 30. In this example, the movement of the undercarriage 18 during the driving of the insulating panels 4 into the wall structure 30 is performed by the servo cylinder 25, whereby the possible part of the movement can be practically increased at will by correspondingly extending the support rod 38. As soon as the insulating plate 4 is driven into the wall structure 30, the undercarriage 18, either manually or by redirecting the servo cylinder 25, is pulled away from the wall structure 30 and moved laterally by the width of the insulation board 4, whereupon, after inserting the new insulation board 4 into the clamping jaw 3, it is driven into the wall construction 30 in the manner described.
Iz opisa i nacrta proizlazi da je uređaj prema izumu jednostavan, malih dimenzija i lak za rukovanje. Uređaj se načelno može univerzalno koristiti, a po svojim osobinama pogodan je naročito za korištenje u uvjetima ograničenog prostora, npr. u podrumskim prostorijama, uskim hodnicima i prolazima i na drugim nepristupačnim mjestima, pri čemu njegova laka transportabilnost predstavlja još jednu prednost. It follows from the description and drawing that the device according to the invention is simple, small in size and easy to handle. In principle, the device can be used universally, and due to its characteristics, it is particularly suitable for use in conditions of limited space, for example in basement rooms, narrow corridors and passages and in other inaccessible places, where its easy transportability is another advantage.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0186890A AT397362B (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1990-09-14 | DEVICE FOR INSERTING INSULATING PANELS IN MASONRY |
| YU151491A YU151491A (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-09-11 | APPARATUS FOR INSULATING THE INSULATING PANELS IN THE WALL STRUCTURE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP930988A2 true HRP930988A2 (en) | 1995-10-31 |
| HRP930988B1 HRP930988B1 (en) | 1998-10-31 |
Family
ID=3522739
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP-1514/91A HRP930988B1 (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1993-06-22 | A device for impacting isolation panels in masonry |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0475932B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1027875C (en) |
| AT (2) | AT397362B (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ284110B6 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE9116694U1 (en) |
| DK (2) | DK158091A (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP930988B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU208855B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL166886B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2046173C1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9111514B (en) |
| SK (1) | SK279860B6 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU151491A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT401248B (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-07-25 | Haboeck Herwig | DEVICE FOR INSERTING INSULATING PANELS IN MASONRY |
| CN100404090C (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2008-07-23 | 吴彩云 | Mahjong tile making apparatus |
| CN110058295A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-07-26 | 包头市震宇机械制造有限责任公司 | A kind of Pneumatic immpacting focus |
| WO2023168466A1 (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-09-14 | Faul Bernhard | Plate for driving into a masonry structure |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2114503A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1938-04-19 | Penglase Joseph | Rivet set retaining collar |
| GB606543A (en) * | 1946-02-13 | 1948-08-16 | Frederick Leslie Ballard | Improvements in chisels for sculptors, stonemasons and others working in stone |
| US2685274A (en) * | 1951-04-12 | 1954-08-03 | Phyllis E Liddicoat | Pneumatic tool |
| AT335689B (en) * | 1975-08-21 | 1977-03-25 | Haboeck Herwig | PROCEDURE FOR DRYING DAMP WALLS |
| AT364150B (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1981-09-25 | Haboeck Herwig | CARRIER FOR A HAMMER FOR PUTTING INSULATION PANELS INTO BRICKWORKS |
| AT364149B (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1981-09-25 | Haboeck Herwig | DEVICE FOR INSERTING INSULATING PANELS IN MASONRY |
-
1990
- 1990-09-14 AT AT0186890A patent/AT397362B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-09-05 PL PL91291624A patent/PL166886B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-09 DK DK158091A patent/DK158091A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-11 AT AT91890203T patent/ATE116890T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-11 DK DK91890203T patent/DK0475932T4/en active
- 1991-09-11 SI SI9111514A patent/SI9111514B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-11 DE DE9116694U patent/DE9116694U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-11 DE DE59104222T patent/DE59104222D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-11 YU YU151491A patent/YU151491A/en unknown
- 1991-09-11 EP EP91890203A patent/EP0475932B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-13 RU SU915001522A patent/RU2046173C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-13 HU HU912966A patent/HU208855B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-14 CN CN91109585.3A patent/CN1027875C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-16 CZ CS912829A patent/CZ284110B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-16 SK SK2829-91A patent/SK279860B6/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-06-22 HR HRP-1514/91A patent/HRP930988B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL291624A1 (en) | 1992-03-23 |
| EP0475932A3 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
| CZ284110B6 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
| DE9116694U1 (en) | 1993-07-01 |
| CN1027875C (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| ATA186890A (en) | 1993-08-15 |
| CS282991A3 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| EP0475932B1 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
| SK279860B6 (en) | 1999-04-13 |
| HRP930988B1 (en) | 1998-10-31 |
| PL166886B1 (en) | 1995-06-30 |
| DK0475932T3 (en) | 1995-06-26 |
| HUT60361A (en) | 1992-08-28 |
| DK158091A (en) | 1992-03-15 |
| YU151491A (en) | 1995-03-27 |
| EP0475932B2 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
| DK0475932T4 (en) | 1999-12-13 |
| AT397362B (en) | 1994-03-25 |
| ATE116890T1 (en) | 1995-01-15 |
| HU208855B (en) | 1994-01-28 |
| SI9111514A (en) | 1997-08-31 |
| SI9111514B (en) | 2000-08-31 |
| DK158091D0 (en) | 1991-09-09 |
| HU912966D0 (en) | 1992-03-30 |
| EP0475932A2 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| RU2046173C1 (en) | 1995-10-20 |
| DE59104222D1 (en) | 1995-02-23 |
| CN1061553A (en) | 1992-06-03 |
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