HRP920580A2 - Operational device for gas streams in vacuum furnaces - Google Patents
Operational device for gas streams in vacuum furnaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP920580A2 HRP920580A2 HR920580A HRP920580A HRP920580A2 HR P920580 A2 HRP920580 A2 HR P920580A2 HR 920580 A HR920580 A HR 920580A HR P920580 A HRP920580 A HR P920580A HR P920580 A2 HRP920580 A2 HR P920580A2
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- fan
- working space
- gas
- furnace
- vacuum furnaces
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B2005/062—Cooling elements
- F27B2005/064—Cooling elements disposed in the furnace, around the chamber, e.g. coils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/14—Arrangements of heating devices
- F27B2005/143—Heating rods disposed in the chamber
- F27B2005/146—Heating rods disposed in the chamber the heating rods being in the tubes which conduct the heating gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
- F27B2005/161—Gas inflow or outflow
- F27B2005/164—Air supply through a set of tubes with openings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
- F27B2005/166—Means to circulate the atmosphere
- F27B2005/167—Means to circulate the atmosphere the atmosphere being recirculated through the treatment chamber by a turbine
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
Izum se odnosi na postrojenje za upravljanje plinskim strujama u vakuumskim pećima u kojima se pomoću ventilatora šarže u radnom prostoru mogu zagrijavati strujanjem plina do temperatura od oko 750°C, ali isto tako i hladiti.
Ovakve peći u pravilu se sastoje od jednog cilindričnog kućišta pod pritiskom, u kojem se nalazi zagrijavani radni prostor obložen toplinskom izolacijom, zatim jedno temperiralo, kao i jedan ventilator za cirkulaciju plina i hlađenje. Korisno je ako se, kako tijekom faze pogona kad se šarža zagrijava konvekcijom, tako i tijekom hlađenja, plin uvodi u radni prostor pomoću dovoda topline izvedenog u obliku cijevi, koje su postavljene aksijalno na površini omotača cilindričnog radnog prostora i koje imaju mlaznice usmjerene u pravcu šarže. Dalje je također korisno ako se plin u obje pogonske faze dovodi u cirkulaciju pomoću istog ventilatora. Jedna ovakva peć opisana je u patentnom spisu DE-PS 37 36 502.
Da bi se osiguralo da se šarža može istim plinom kako zagrijavati tako i hladiti, u peći mora postojati jedan upravljački uređaj koji omogućuje usmjeravanje struje plina, koja cirkulira, od ventilatora između dva cirkulacijska kruga, tako da u prvom slučaju plin cirkulira samo unutar zagrijavanog područja peći koja je obložena toplinskom izolacijom, a u drugom slučaju vodi ju se preko cijevi temperirala koje su postavljene između toplinske izolacije i stjenke recepijenta.
U peći opisanoj u patentnom spisu DE-PS 37 36 502 ovo je riješeno na tako da je između radnog prostora i utisne strane ventilatora ugrađenog u uređaj za razdiobu plina ugrađen jedan sanduk koji ima otvore prema radnom prostoru, a također i prema prstenastom prostoru toplinske izolacije i stjenke recipijenta, u kome se nalaze cijevi temperirala. U ovom sanduku nalazi se zasun koji se pomoću klipne poluge može postaviti u poprečni položaj u odnosu prema osi peći. Ovisno o položaju zasuna otvaraju se otvori prema prostoru za šaržiranje ili pak prema prstenastom prostoru između toplinske izolacije i stjenke recipijenta, pri čemu se istovremeno uvijek zatvore oni drugi otvori.
Loša strana ove konstrukcije je to da se pomoću zasuna uz dobro brtvljenje mogu zatvoriti samo otvori s malim poprečnim presjekom, odnosno ne zatvori se cijeli otvor, tako da daljom cirkulacijom, tj. protokom plina kroz ove otvore nastaju veliki gubici u pritisku cirkulacijskog plina. Nadalje, strujanje plina k ventilatoru postaje nesimetrično, što pak dovodi do neravnomjerne razdiobe struje plina na cijevi za zagrijavanje. Još jedna loša karakteristika sastoji se u tome da je putanja koju prelazi zasun između dva krajnja položaja vrlo velika. Za njegovu aktivaciju potreban je vrlo dugačak cilindar koji puno strši iz kućišta peći, te na tako vrlo ograničava mogućnost postavljanja same peći.
Zadatak ovog izuma je stoga bio konstruirati takav uređaj za upravljanje plinskim strujama u vakuumskim pećima, u kojima se šarže, a koje se nalaze u radnom prostoru, cirkulacijom plina proizvedenom pomoću ventilatora mogu kako zagrijavati tako također i hladiti i koji će omogućiti da se usisni otvor ventilatora naizmjence povezuje s radnim prostorom ili pak s prstenastim prostorom između toplinske izolacije i stjenke recepijenta u kome se nalaze cijevi temperirala. Pri tome strujanje plina postaje potpuno radijalno simetrično, nastaju tek neznatni gubici struje, a putanja aktivacije je mala.
Prema izumu, ovaj zadatak je riješen tako da su između radnog prostora i ventilatora, u srednjoj osi peći, postavljena dva, međusobno pomična cilindra, od kojih je vanjski čvrsto vezan s radnim prostorom, a unutrašnji cilindar se pomoću poluge može pomicati aksijalno između odbojnika koji se nalazi u radnom prostoru i usisnog otvora ventilatora.
Slika 1 do 4 shematski prikazuju primjer jednog izvedbenog oblika upravljačkog uređaja prema izumu, pri čemu slike 1 i 2 prikazuju upravljački uređaj u oba krajnja položaja u vakuumskoj peći prema patentnom spisu DE-PS 37 36 502, a slike 3 i 4 prikazuju ove krajnje položaje u povećanom mjerilu.
Peć se sastoji od jednog recipijenta (11), u kome se nalazi radni prostor (13) obložen toplinskom izolacijom (12), a koji se grije pomoću cijevi za zagrijavanje (14) uz istovremeno dopremanje plina. Između recipijenta (11) i toplinske izolacije (12) nalazi se temperiralo (15).
Upravljački uređaj sastoji se od dva koncentrična cilindra, od kojih je vanjski (1) čvrsto vezan sa stjenkom (2) na kojoj se nalazi ventilator u radnom prostoru (13). Ovaj cilindar služi kao vodilica za unutrašnji cilindar (3), koji je s neznatnim zazorom umetnut u vanjski cilindar (1). Pomoću poluge unutrašnji cilindar (3) može se pomicati između odbojnika (5), koji je u radnom prostoru (13) vezan sa zaprežnjakom (4) na stjenci radnog prostora (2) i stjenke uređaja za razdiobu plina (7) koji obuhvaća ventilator (6). Aktiviranje se vrši prvenstveno tako da se osovina (8) u recipijentu postavlja poprečno prema srednjoj osi peći. Na nju se pričvršćuje viljuška (9), koja zahvaća polugu 10, koja je pak umetnuta kroz unutrašnji cilindar (3) i s njim je čvrsto vezana. Da bi se pomoću ove poluge (10) omogućilo pomicanje unutrašnjeg cilindra (3), na vanjskom nepomičnom cilindru (1) izrađeni su bočni prorezi. Okretanjem osovine (8) za nekoliko kutnih stupnjeva može se tako pokretni cilindar pomaknuti u krajnje položaje prikazane na slikama 3 i 4.
U položaju prema slici 3, unutrašnji cilindar (3) svojom čeonom stranom naliježe na stjenku uređaja za razdiobu plina (7) i tako brtvi prostor peći izvan toplinske izolacije u odnosu prema usisnom otvoru ventilatora. Istovremeno otvara se jedan dovodni poprečni otvor između odvoda (15) i stjenke radnog prostora (2). Na taj način ventilator (6) usisava plin iz radnog
prostora (12) kroz poprečni otvor unutrašnjeg cilindra (3) .
U položaju prema slici 4, unutrašnji cilindar (3) naliježe svojom drugom čeonom stranom na odbojnik (5) i brtvi radni prostor (13). Na usisnom otvoru ventilatora otvara se jedan prstenasti poprečni otvor za dovod u prostor peći izvan toplinske izolacije.
Oba cilindra (1 i 3) izrađena su prvenstveno od grafitnog materijala koji je s grafitnom folijom nanijet na sve vanjske površine. Ovaj materijal postojan je prema temperaturama koje se ovdje pojavljuju. Zbog male mase i neznatnog koeficijenta trenja spoj grafit/grafit zahtjeva malu silu za njegovo pokretanje.
Zbog prstenastog oblika strujnog poprečnog presjeka, strujanje k ventilatoru (6) u obje radne faze potpuno je radijalno - simetrično. Odgovarajućim namještanjem visine prstenastih proreza na usisnom ventilatoru (6) mogu se postići minimalni gubici strujanja. Aktiviranje osovine (8) zbog nužnog okretanja može se vršiti npr. pomoću kompaktnog okretnog cilindra, koji ni na koji način ne ograničava postavljanje same peći.
Claims (1)
1. Uređaj za upravljanje plinskim strujama u vakuumskim pećima u kojima se šarže u radnom prostoru mogu kako zagrijavati tako i hladiti pomoću ventilatora, naznačen time, da su između radnog prostora (15) i ventilatora (6) u srednjoj osi peći postavljena dva međusobno pomična cilindra (1, 3) od kojih je vanjski (1) čvrsto vezan s radnim prostorom (13), a unutrašnji cilindar (3) može se pomoću poluge aksijalno pomicati između odbojnika (5) pričvršćenog u radnom prostoru (13) i usisnog otvora ventilatora.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3910234A DE3910234C1 (hr) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | |
YU57790A YU47220B (sh) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-26 | Uredjaj za upravljanje gasnim strujama u vakuumskim pećima |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
HRP920580A2 true HRP920580A2 (en) | 1995-06-30 |
Family
ID=6377430
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
HR920580A HRP920580A2 (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1992-09-29 | Operational device for gas streams in vacuum furnaces |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5035611A (hr) |
EP (1) | EP0389889B1 (hr) |
JP (1) | JPH02298214A (hr) |
CN (1) | CN1017182B (hr) |
AT (1) | ATE85420T1 (hr) |
BG (1) | BG51162A3 (hr) |
BR (1) | BR9001374A (hr) |
CA (1) | CA2013083A1 (hr) |
CS (1) | CS9001227A3 (hr) |
DD (1) | DD299673A5 (hr) |
DE (2) | DE3910234C1 (hr) |
DK (1) | DK0389889T3 (hr) |
ES (1) | ES2037490T3 (hr) |
HR (1) | HRP920580A2 (hr) |
HU (1) | HU207155B (hr) |
PL (1) | PL161410B1 (hr) |
RO (1) | RO105580B1 (hr) |
RU (1) | RU1836612C (hr) |
YU (1) | YU47220B (hr) |
ZA (1) | ZA901722B (hr) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4034085C1 (hr) * | 1990-10-26 | 1991-11-14 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
JP2579561B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-22 | 1997-02-05 | 東海カーボン株式会社 | SiCウイスカーの製造装置 |
JPH04118443U (ja) * | 1991-04-03 | 1992-10-22 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 真空熱処理炉 |
DE4121277C2 (de) * | 1991-06-27 | 2000-08-03 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur selbsttätigen Überwachung der Betriebssicherheit und zur Steuerung des Prozeßablaufs bei einem Vakuum-Wärmebehandlungsofen |
US5267257A (en) * | 1991-08-14 | 1993-11-30 | Grier-Jhawar-Mercer, Inc. | Vacuum furnace with convection heating and cooling |
FR2689225A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-01 | Stein Heurtey Physitherm | Four pour traitement sous vide ou sous atmosphère gazeuse et pour trempe sous pression. |
US5407349A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1995-04-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Exhaust system for high temperature furnace |
EP0934462B1 (fr) * | 1996-10-22 | 2004-12-08 | van der Veken, Germaine | Dispositif eolienne |
US5827044A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-10-27 | Yazici; Muammer | Fan system with variable air volume control |
US6349108B1 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-02-19 | Pv/T, Inc. | High temperature vacuum furnace |
DE202006012913U1 (de) * | 2006-08-22 | 2006-10-19 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Druckkammer |
US20120168143A1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-05 | Poole Ventura, Inc. | Thermal Diffusion Chamber With Heat Exchanger |
US8950470B2 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2015-02-10 | Poole Ventura, Inc. | Thermal diffusion chamber control device and method |
CN103575094A (zh) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-12 | 苏州工业园区杰士通真空技术有限公司 | 一种真空炉对流加热装置 |
WO2014142975A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Poole Ventura, Inc. | Thermal diffusion chamber with convection compressor |
CN106017071B (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-04-10 | 成都西沃克真空科技有限公司 | 一种真空炉 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1259919B (de) * | 1964-06-12 | 1968-02-01 | Harold Norregard Ipsen | Ofen zur Waermebehandlung von Werkstuecken aus Metall |
DE1919493C3 (de) * | 1969-04-17 | 1980-05-08 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve | Atmosphären-Vakuumofen |
BE795779A (fr) * | 1972-02-23 | 1973-08-22 | Ugine Infra | Four de traitement de charges annulaires |
GB1549770A (en) * | 1975-09-16 | 1979-08-08 | Anjou M D | Fan assemblies for ventilators |
DE2839807C2 (de) * | 1978-09-13 | 1986-04-17 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Vakuumofen mit Gaskühleinrichtung |
DE2844843C2 (de) * | 1978-10-14 | 1985-09-12 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve | Industrieofen zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
US4265592A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1981-05-05 | Carlini Gerardo P V | Centrifugal fan |
US4560348A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1985-12-24 | Abar Ipsen Industries | Gas nozzle for a heat treating furnace |
US4553404A (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1985-11-19 | Whirlpool Corporation | Room air conditioner with high capacity fresh air circulation means |
US4643639A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1987-02-17 | Sundstrand Corporation | Adjustable centrifugal pump |
US4859140A (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1989-08-22 | Brod & Mcclung - Pace Co. | Centrifugal fan |
US4596526A (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1986-06-24 | Worthington Industries, Inc. | Batch coil annealing furnace and method |
US4891008A (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1990-01-02 | Columbia Gas Service System Corporation | High temperature convection furnace |
US4830610A (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1989-05-16 | Columbia Gas Service System Corporation | High temperature convection furnace |
FR2614683B1 (fr) * | 1987-04-28 | 1989-06-16 | Bmi Fours Ind | Four de traitement thermique sous vide a refroidissement par courant de gaz |
DE3736502C1 (de) * | 1987-10-28 | 1988-06-09 | Degussa | Vakuumofen zur Waermebehandlung metallischer Werkstuecke |
US4854860A (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-08-08 | Gas Research Institute | Convective heat transfer within an industrial heat treating furnace |
US4906182A (en) * | 1988-08-25 | 1990-03-06 | Abar Ipsen Industries, Inc. | Gas cooling system for processing furnace |
-
1989
- 1989-03-30 DE DE3910234A patent/DE3910234C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-06 ZA ZA901722A patent/ZA901722B/xx unknown
- 1990-03-14 CS CS901227A patent/CS9001227A3/cs unknown
- 1990-03-15 RO RO144464A patent/RO105580B1/ro unknown
- 1990-03-16 AT AT90104992T patent/ATE85420T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-16 DK DK90104992.4T patent/DK0389889T3/da active
- 1990-03-16 ES ES199090104992T patent/ES2037490T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-16 DE DE9090104992T patent/DE59000830D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-16 EP EP90104992A patent/EP0389889B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-26 CA CA002013083A patent/CA2013083A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-26 BR BR909001374A patent/BR9001374A/pt unknown
- 1990-03-26 YU YU57790A patent/YU47220B/sh unknown
- 1990-03-27 BG BG91594A patent/BG51162A3/xx unknown
- 1990-03-27 PL PL1990284482A patent/PL161410B1/pl unknown
- 1990-03-28 DD DD90339154A patent/DD299673A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-28 CN CN90101713A patent/CN1017182B/zh not_active Expired
- 1990-03-29 JP JP2079053A patent/JPH02298214A/ja active Pending
- 1990-03-29 US US07/501,103 patent/US5035611A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-29 RU SU904743503A patent/RU1836612C/ru active
- 1990-03-30 HU HU902027A patent/HU207155B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-09-29 HR HR920580A patent/HRP920580A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE85420T1 (de) | 1993-02-15 |
ZA901722B (en) | 1990-12-28 |
DE3910234C1 (hr) | 1990-04-12 |
DE59000830D1 (de) | 1993-03-18 |
DD299673A5 (de) | 1992-04-30 |
PL161410B1 (pl) | 1993-06-30 |
CA2013083A1 (en) | 1990-09-30 |
HU902027D0 (en) | 1990-08-28 |
ES2037490T3 (es) | 1993-06-16 |
CN1046218A (zh) | 1990-10-17 |
DK0389889T3 (da) | 1993-06-01 |
US5035611A (en) | 1991-07-30 |
RU1836612C (ru) | 1993-08-23 |
JPH02298214A (ja) | 1990-12-10 |
CN1017182B (zh) | 1992-06-24 |
BG51162A3 (en) | 1993-02-15 |
YU57790A (en) | 1992-05-28 |
EP0389889A1 (de) | 1990-10-03 |
BR9001374A (pt) | 1991-04-02 |
CS275173B2 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
EP0389889B1 (de) | 1993-02-03 |
HU207155B (en) | 1993-03-01 |
YU47220B (sh) | 1995-01-31 |
CS9001227A3 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
RO105580B1 (ro) | 1992-09-25 |
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