HRP20150636A2 - Stabile active equipment for fire extinction, specially for underground transport systems - Google Patents
Stabile active equipment for fire extinction, specially for underground transport systems Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000475481 Nebula Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Niskotlačna komora (31) višestupanjske crpke (3) je spojena na niskotlačnu distribucijsku mrežu (7) preko niskotlačnih elektroventila (15) s najmanje dva para sapnica za vodu sa sprinklerskom glavom (12), koje su ugrađene uzduž gornjeg djela poprečno položene podzemne građevine za izlaz u nuždi iz glavne podzemne transportne građevine. Visokotlačna komora (32) višestupanjske crpke (3) je spojena na visokotlačnu distribucijsku mrežu (8) s najmanje jednim visokotlačnim elektroventilom (14) spojenim na dva susjedna para sapnica za stvaranje vodene maglice (13), koje su uzdužno ugrađene u gornjem djelu glavne podzemne transportne građevine. U gornjem djelu te građevine se nalazi linearni toplinski alarm za ranu detekciju požara (10) s najmanje jednim detektorom požara (17). U ventilskoj stanici za stabilni sustav za gašenje požara (18) nalazi se električno povezani visokotlačni elektroventil (15) koji je kroz centralni ured za električnu dojavu alarma (16) povezan s detektorima požara (17) u linearnom toplinskom alarmu za ranu detekciju požara (10).The low-pressure chamber (31) of the multi-stage pump (3) is connected to the low-pressure distribution network (7) via low-pressure electric valves (15) with at least two pairs of water nozzles with sprinkler heads (12), which are installed along the upper part of the transversely laid underground structure for emergency exit from the main underground transport structure. The high-pressure chamber (32) of the multi-stage pump (3) is connected to the high-pressure distribution network (8) with at least one high-pressure electric valve (14) connected to two adjacent pairs of nozzles to create a water nebula (13), which are longitudinally mounted in the upper portion of the main underground transport structures. In the upper part of the building there is a linear thermal alarm for early fire detection (10) with at least one fire detector (17). In the valve station for the stable fire extinguishing system (18) there is an electrically connected high pressure electric valve (15) which is connected to the fire detectors (17) in a linear thermal alarm for early detection of fire (10) through a central office for electrical alarm notification (16). ).
Description
Područje tehnike The field of technology
Ovaj izum se odnosi na tehniku gašenja i zaštite od požara konkretno stabilnu aktivnu opremu za gašenje požara, posebno za podzemne transportne sustave, na primjer u cestovnim ili željezničkim tunelima s jednom ili dvije cijevi ili velikim građevinama koje su zatvorene izvana. This invention relates to fire extinguishing and fire protection techniques, specifically stable active fire extinguishing equipment, especially for underground transport systems, for example in road or railway tunnels with one or two pipes or large buildings that are closed from the outside.
Stanje tehnike State of the art
Današnji podzemni transportni sustavi su opremljeni opremom pogodnom za gašenje požara i opremom koja omogućava zaštitu od požara. Takvi sustavi su uobičajeno opremljeni stabilnim sustavima za gašenje požara (sprinkler sustavi). Sprinklerski sustavi pri tome koriste vodu kao sredstvo za gašenje požara. Danas je najčešći i najpouzdaniji sustav onaj koji lokalno gasi nastali požar, ali ujedno koji i alarmira u slučaju nastanka požara. Obzirom da ovdje izloženi izum koristi za gašenje netoksičnu vodu kao jeftino sredstvo za gašenje požara, upotreba vode kao medija za gašenje požara se pretpostavlja i u budućnosti. Nadalje, ovakav sustav ima prednost da se mlaznica otvara samo na mjestu povišenja temperature, pa su sve štete zbog velike količine vode koja bi se koristila u gašenju požara minimalizirane. Međutim, temelj svakog efikasnog sprinklerskog sustava je dostatan izvor vode koji je povezan na strojarnicu koje ima crpke za podizanje odnosno održavanje pritiska u mreži za gašenje požara odnosno s tlačnom posudom s istom funkcijom. Today's underground transportation systems are equipped with equipment suitable for extinguishing fires and equipment that provides fire protection. Such systems are usually equipped with stable fire extinguishing systems (sprinkler systems). Sprinkler systems use water as a fire extinguishing agent. Today, the most common and reliable system is the one that extinguishes the fire locally, but at the same time, it also gives an alarm in the event of a fire. Considering that the invention presented here uses non-toxic water as a cheap fire extinguishing agent, the use of water as a fire extinguishing medium is assumed in the future as well. Furthermore, this type of system has the advantage that the nozzle opens only at the point of temperature rise, so all damages due to the large amount of water that would be used to extinguish the fire are minimized. However, the basis of any efficient sprinkler system is a sufficient source of water that is connected to the engine room, which has pumps for raising or maintaining pressure in the fire extinguishing network, or with a pressure vessel with the same function.
Postoje ventilske stanice povezane na crpku sustava za gašenje požara iz kojih cjevovod sustava za gašenje požara ide do sprinklerskih glava koje su razmještene diljem požarnog sektora. Te sprinklerske glave, koje se uslijed zagrijavanja požarom iznad temperature otvaranja otvaraju, jednom kada se otvore prskaju vodu u središte požara. Protok vode aktivira ventilsku stanicu koja okida alarm. Kao rezultat pada tlaka vode u glavnom cjevovodu u strojarnici, uključuju se požarna crpka za dobavu vode u cjevovod. Cjelokupna gore opisana operacija je automatska , jedino požarna crpka mora biti ručno isključena. There are valve stations connected to the fire extinguishing system pump from which the fire extinguishing system piping goes to the sprinkler heads that are located throughout the fire sector. These sprinkler heads, which open as a result of being heated by the fire above the opening temperature, once opened they spray water into the center of the fire. The flow of water activates the valve station which triggers the alarm. As a result of a drop in water pressure in the main pipeline in the engine room, the fire pump is turned on to supply water to the pipeline. The entire operation described above is automatic, only the fire pump must be turned off manually.
Nedostatak takvog rješenje je niska efikasnost, dugi period i teško gašenje zapaljivih tekućina, posebno u dugim podzemnim transportnim sustavima, gdje dolazi do takozvanog “efekta dimnjaka”. The disadvantage of such a solution is low efficiency, long period and difficult extinguishing of flammable liquids, especially in long underground transport systems, where the so-called "chimney effect" occurs.
Duži tuneli su također opremljeni uređajima koji u slučaju požara iniciraju i aktiviraju specijalne uređaje za gašenje požara za efikasnu borbu protiv požara. Takvi uređaji se sastoje od stabilne instalacije za dobavu medija za gašenje požara, koji medij za gašenje požara se ispušta u neposrednoj blizini požara. Međutim ispuštanje medija za gašenje se dešava na površini i nije ciljano (na primjer dokument DE 10051285 A1). Longer tunnels are also equipped with devices that, in case of fire, initiate and activate special fire extinguishing devices for efficient fire fighting. Such devices consist of a stable installation for the supply of fire extinguishing medium, which fire extinguishing medium is released in the immediate vicinity of the fire. However, the release of extinguishing media occurs on the surface and is not targeted (for example document DE 10051285 A1).
Nedostaci takvih uređaja su da u slučaju požara, sapnice koje su smještene oko izvora požara, ispuštaju skupi medij za gašenje požara bez usmjeravanja prema cilju i bez potrebnog intenziteta. To čini gašenje požara skupim i isto se ne odvija optimalno. The disadvantages of such devices are that in the event of a fire, the nozzles, which are located around the source of the fire, release an expensive fire extinguishing medium without directing it towards the target and without the necessary intensity. This makes firefighting expensive and not optimal.
Drugi poznati uređaj za gašenje požara u tunelima slične konstrukcije , prema patentnom spisu JP10066738 (NOHM BOSAI LTD), 1998-03-10, sastoji se od sklopa montiranog iznad ceste u tunelu. Jedinica za gašenje požara je vođena sklopom i spojena je preko sustava za vođenje, te se sastoji od vodilice za pogonski element i vodilice elementa za gašenje, koji je preko sustava za vođenje spojen s najmanje jednom sapnicom s mogućnošću pozicioniranja. Another known device for extinguishing fires in tunnels of a similar construction, according to patent file JP10066738 (NOHM BOSAI LTD), 1998-03-10, consists of an assembly mounted above the road in the tunnel. The fire extinguishing unit is guided by the assembly and is connected via a guidance system, and consists of a guide for the drive element and a guide for the extinguishing element, which is connected via the guidance system to at least one nozzle with the possibility of positioning.
Mada je moguće upotrebom takvog uređaja (imajući u vidu da ne postoji spoj između stabilnog sustava i jedinice za gašenje) osigurati fleksibilno pozicioniranje prema izvoru požara, to predstavlja faktor rizika iz razloga što u slučaju većih požara nije osigurana sigurnost iz razloga što je ograničena količina medija za gašenje koji stoji na raspolaganju. Although it is possible to use such a device (taking into account that there is no connection between the stable system and the extinguishing unit) to ensure flexible positioning towards the source of the fire, this represents a risk factor because in the case of larger fires, safety is not ensured due to the limited amount of media for extinguishing which is available.
Drugi poznati sustav za gašenje i zaštitu od požara u tunelima, prema patentnom spisu CN 203285474 U je sustav koji koristi vodu pod visokim pritiskom i pretvara je u vodenu maglicu. Vodena maglica upotrebljena u obliku “spreja” rješava problem visoke efikasnosti i brzog gašenja požara, uključujući i zapaljivih tekućina u tunelu. Prema tom rješenju, uređaj je fiksno ugrađen u obje paralelne cijevi tunela pri čemu distribucijski razvod vode za gašenje dolazi kroz glavni cjevovod preko opskrbe vodom prema sapnicama za vodenu maglicu položenim uzdužno u tunelu. To rješenje omogućava da se stvori nepropusna zavjesa od vodene maglice koja pri tome dijeli tunel u nekoliko zatvorenih podsekcija za gašenje požara. Another known system for fire extinguishing and fire protection in tunnels, according to patent document CN 203285474 U, is a system that uses water under high pressure and turns it into a water mist. Water mist used in the form of a "spray" solves the problem of high efficiency and quick extinguishing of fires, including flammable liquids in the tunnel. According to this solution, the device is fixedly installed in both parallel pipes of the tunnel, while the distribution distribution of extinguishing water comes through the main pipeline via the water supply to the water mist nozzles laid longitudinally in the tunnel. This solution makes it possible to create an impermeable curtain of water mist that divides the tunnel into several closed subsections for firefighting.
Takvo rješenje predstavlja tehnički izazov jer treba dugo vrijeme za pripremu prije nego počne gašenje požara, jer može biti aktivirano samo u slučaju da su prethodno evakuirane osobe iz sekcije tunela u kojoj je došlo do požara. Such a solution represents a technical challenge because it takes a long time to prepare before extinguishing the fire, because it can only be activated if people have previously been evacuated from the section of the tunnel where the fire occurred.
Nadalje, prema patentnom spisu WO 200401805 A konstruirani je uređaj koji se koristi za tunele i slične građevine, čija konstrukcija je takva da omogućuje ciljanu, efikasnu I pouzdanu funkciju gašenja požara u izvorištu s učinkovitom kontrolom rada uređaja. Taj uređaj za gašenje požara se sastoji od vodilica razmještanih iznad prometnice s time da su najmanje dvije jedinice za gašenje na oba kraja tunela pogonski vođene preko vodilice i priključaka za vodu. Njegova udaljenost od detektora dima i topline ovisi o duljini tunela. Svaka jedinica za gašenje se sastoji do spremnika za gorivo, spremnika s medijem za gašenje i spoja s cjevovodom s najmanje jednom pozicionirajućom sapnicom, s najmanje jednim senzorom i spojnicama za dopremu vode, s time da je to sve omogućeno na oba kraja tunela. Furthermore, according to the patent file WO 200401805 A, a device is constructed that is used for tunnels and similar buildings, the construction of which is such that it enables a targeted, efficient and reliable fire extinguishing function at the source with effective control of the device's operation. This fire extinguishing device consists of guide rails placed above the road, with at least two fire extinguishing units at both ends of the tunnel driven via the guide rail and water connections. Its distance from smoke and heat detectors depends on the length of the tunnel. Each extinguishing unit consists of a fuel tank, a tank with extinguishing medium and a connection to the pipeline with at least one positioning nozzle, with at least one sensor and water supply connections, provided that this is all possible at both ends of the tunnel.
U slučaju požara, na osnovu signal koji dolazi sa aktiviranog senzora, dvije jedinice za gašenje požara se pokreću s oba kraja tunela prema mjestu požara, gdje medijem iz svojih spremnika gase požar. Dok se to događa, više jedinica za gašenje se sekvencijalno priključuje na njih, te tako spojene zajedno preko konektora dopunjuju medij za gašenje požara. Međutim, takav sustav je zbog limitirane količine medija za gašenje u uređajima prikladan za gašenje malih požara koji se javljaju samo u malom djelu područja unutar tunela. In the event of a fire, based on the signal coming from the activated sensor, two fire extinguishing units are launched from both ends of the tunnel towards the place of the fire, where they extinguish the fire with the medium from their tanks. While this is happening, several extinguishing units are sequentially connected to them, and thus connected together via connectors, they supplement the medium for extinguishing the fire. However, due to the limited amount of extinguishing medium in the devices, such a system is suitable for extinguishing small fires that occur only in a small part of the area inside the tunnel.
Tehničko rješenje sadržano u patentnom spisu DE 10019537 A1 opisuje stvaranje izlaznog puta korištenjem vodene maglice za osobu, koja obzirom na efekte dima i vrućine i zagađenja nastalog požarom i slično, ima dulje vrijeme za udisanje zraka ispod sloja dima. Za tu svrhu se koriste sapnice koje stvaraju vodenu maglicu i poredane su u serijama lukova s jedne strane uzduž izlazne rute, tako da protok zraka zadržava brzu akumulaciju dima u izlaznom koridoru. Nadzor nad takvim sustavom je ostvaren uobičajenim metodama detekcije za signalizaciju požara. Međutim, taj sustav je tehnički vrlo zahtjevan i koristi se samo kao dodatna oprema za gašenje požara uz glavni sustav za gašenje požara. The technical solution contained in the patent document DE 10019537 A1 describes the creation of an exit path using water mist for a person who, due to the effects of smoke and heat and pollution caused by fire and the like, has a longer time to inhale air under the layer of smoke. For this purpose, nozzles that create a water mist are used and are arranged in a series of arcs on one side along the exit route, so that the air flow prevents the rapid accumulation of smoke in the exit corridor. Monitoring of such a system is achieved by the usual detection methods for fire signaling. However, this system is technically very demanding and is used only as additional fire extinguishing equipment in addition to the main fire extinguishing system.
Prema patentnom spisu DE 10037921 A1 drugi poznati sustav za gašenje požara u cestovnim tunelima sa razvodom cjevovoda i sapnicama na zidovima tunela koje u slučaju požara ispunjavaju dio tunela sa vodenom maglicom sa atomizerom kapljica vode. U tom slučaju, požarni alarm je spojen na krov sa kontrolerom pomoću kojeg požarni alarm može aktivirati crpku za podizanje tlaka kako bi ista podignula tlak vode u cjevovodu i na sapnicama. Međutim to tehničko rješenje ne rješava problem sigurnosti ljudi od efekata dima, topline i zagađenja uzrokovanih požarom niti pak rješava problem sigurnog izlaska preko poprečnog izlaza za nuždu iz požarom obuhvaćenog područja u tunelu. According to the patent file DE 10037921 A1, another known system for extinguishing fires in road tunnels with pipeline distribution and nozzles on the tunnel walls which, in the event of a fire, fill part of the tunnel with water mist with a water droplet atomizer. In this case, the fire alarm is connected to the roof with a controller that allows the fire alarm to activate a booster pump to increase the water pressure in the pipeline and nozzles. However, this technical solution does not solve the problem of people's safety from the effects of smoke, heat and pollution caused by fire, nor does it solve the problem of safe exit via the transverse emergency exit from the area covered by the fire in the tunnel.
Prema tehničkom rješenje TWI252890 (B) izloženi je sustav zaštite požara koji predstavlja mobilni sustav za gašenje požara koji se sastoji od vodilice, vodovodne instalacije i uređaja za gašenje. Vodilica je ugrađena najmanje s jedne unutrašnje strane tunela i opremljena je sa gore opisanim mobilnim uređajem. U slučaju potrebe, taj sustav za gašenje požara se može transportirati do mjesta požara u tunelu, gdje potom stvara vodenu maglicu sa ciljem smanjivanja temperature i blokiranja pristupa zraka, a što dovodi do gašenja požara. Međutim takav sustav je prikladan samo za gašenje malih požara i koji pri tome nastaju u malom djelu tunela. According to the technical solution TWI252890 (B), the fire protection system is exhibited, which is a mobile fire extinguishing system consisting of a guide rail, water installation and extinguishing device. The guide is installed on at least one inner side of the tunnel and is equipped with the mobile device described above. In case of need, this fire extinguishing system can be transported to the place of the fire in the tunnel, where it then creates a water mist with the aim of reducing the temperature and blocking the access of air, which leads to extinguishing the fire. However, such a system is only suitable for extinguishing small fires that occur in a small part of the tunnel.
Kratak sadržaj biti izuma Brief content of the essence of the invention
Nedostaci navedeni u stanju tehnike su uklonjeni ovim izumom stabilne aktivne opreme za gašenje požara, posebno za podzemne transportne sustave, a sve prema ovdje izloženom rješenju. Ovaj sustav se sastoji od priključka vode na javnu vodoopskrbnu mrežu na najmanje jedan spremnik vode, koji je cjevovodom spojen na najmanje jednu višestupanjsku crpku s elektromotornim pogonom koja je priključena na vanjski priključak električne energije, hidrantske distribucijske mreže, niskotlačne mrežu za distribuciju vode u mlaznice glava sprinkler sustava, visokotlačne vodene distribucijsku mrežu spojenu u sustav s paralelno ugrađenim sapnicama za stvaranje vodene magle, električne dojave požarnog alarma koji se sastoji od požarnih detektora s najmanje dvije vrste detekcije požara i centralne električne signalizacije. Bit ovog tehničkog rješenja je da niskotlačna komora u višestupanjskoj crpki spojena na niskotlačni razvod vode preko niskotlačnih elektroventila s najmanje dva para sapnica za stvaranje vodene maglice sa sprinklerskom glavom, koje su uzdužno ugrađene u gornji dio poprečno orijentiranog izlaza u slučaju nužde iz glavne podzemne transportne građevine. U isto vrijeme visokotlačna komora višestupanjske crpke je spojena sa visokotlačnim razvodom vode s najmanje jednim visokotlačnim elektroventilom, koji je spojen na dva susjedna para sapnica za vodenu maglicu uzdužno ugrađenih u gornjem djelu glavne podzemne transportne građevine. Nadalje, u gornjem djelu podzemne transportne građevine je ugrađeni linearni toplinski alarm za ranu detekciju požara s najmanje jednim požarnim detektorom, pri čemu su električnim putem povezani visokotlačni i niskotlačni elektroventili na ventilsku stanicu stabilnog sustava za gašenje požara i požarni detektori linearnog toplinskog alarma su povezani s centralnim uredom za elektronsku dojavu požara. The disadvantages mentioned in the state of the art are removed by this invention of stable active fire extinguishing equipment, especially for underground transport systems, and all according to the solution presented here. This system consists of a water connection to the public water supply network to at least one water tank, which is connected by pipeline to at least one multi-stage pump with an electric motor drive that is connected to an external electricity connection, a hydrant distribution network, a low-pressure network for distributing water to the nozzle heads sprinkler system, high-pressure water distribution network connected to the system with parallel installed nozzles for creating water mist, electric fire alarm notification consisting of fire detectors with at least two types of fire detection and central electrical signaling. The essence of this technical solution is that the low-pressure chamber in the multi-stage pump is connected to the low-pressure water distribution via low-pressure electrovalves with at least two pairs of nozzles for creating a water mist with a sprinkler head, which are installed longitudinally in the upper part of the transversely oriented emergency exit from the main underground transport building . At the same time, the high-pressure chamber of the multistage pump is connected to the high-pressure water distribution with at least one high-pressure electric valve, which is connected to two adjacent pairs of water mist nozzles installed longitudinally in the upper part of the main underground transport structure. Furthermore, a linear thermal alarm for early fire detection with at least one fire detector is installed in the upper part of the underground transport building, whereby high-pressure and low-pressure electrovalves are electrically connected to the valve station of the stable fire extinguishing system and the fire detectors of the linear thermal alarm are connected to central office for electronic fire alarm.
Prednost je ako se dodatna visokotlačna crpka u visokotlačnom razvodu paralelno spoji na izlaz višestupanjske crpke i isto tako dodatna niskotlačna crpka u niskotlačnom razvodu vode. It is an advantage if an additional high-pressure pump in the high-pressure distribution is connected in parallel to the output of the multistage pump and also an additional low-pressure pump in the low-pressure water distribution.
Također je prednost ako postoji najmanje jedna poprečno položena građevina za nužni izlaz koja povezuje dva glavna podzemna transportna objekta. Štoviše, prednost je ako je pričuvni generator spojen na vanjski izvor električne energije. It is also an advantage if there is at least one transverse construction for an emergency exit connecting two main underground transport facilities. Moreover, it is an advantage if the backup generator is connected to an external source of electricity.
Daljnja prednost je ako su visokotlačna razdioba vode i/ili niskotlačna razdioba vode i/ili hidrantska mreža opremljeni s najmanje jednim dodatnim ventilom za mobilne tlačne spojnice za vodu za gašenje požara. It is a further advantage if the high-pressure water distribution and/or the low-pressure water distribution and/or the hydrant network are equipped with at least one additional valve for mobile water pressure couplings for fire fighting.
Prema ovome tehničkom rješenju, stabilna aktivna oprema za gašenje požara, posebno za podzemne transportne sustave je tehnički vrlo jednostavna. Uspoređujući je s ostalim postojećim sustavima za gašenje požara, ovaj sustav ima niska ulaganja, a osigurava brzu i sigurnu evakuaciju osoba putem poprečno orijentiranih izlaza za nuždu iz glavnih podzemnih transportnih građevina i sve to tijekom brzog i efektivnog gašenja lokalnog ili velikog požara u glavnom podzemnom transportnom objektu. According to this technical solution, stable active fire extinguishing equipment, especially for underground transport systems, is technically very simple. Comparing it with other existing fire extinguishing systems, this system has low investments, and it ensures the quick and safe evacuation of people through transversely oriented emergency exits from the main underground transport buildings and all this during the quick and effective extinguishing of a local or large fire in the main underground transport object.
Kratki opis crteža Brief description of the drawing
Konkretni primjer stabilne aktivna oprema za gašenje požara, posebno za podzemne transportne sustave, prema ovdje izloženom tehničkom rješenju je dan u priloženim nacrtima. A concrete example of stable active fire extinguishing equipment, especially for underground transport systems, according to the technical solution presented here, is given in the attached drawings.
Slika 1. prikazuje funkcionalnu shemu spajanja razdiobe vode za slučaj dva glavna podzemna transportna objekta sa glavama za stvaranje vodene maglice, između kojih je poprečno orijentiran izlaz u nuždi sa sapnicama za prskanje vode sa sprinklerskim glavama. Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the connection of water distribution for the case of two main underground transport facilities with heads for creating water mist, between which is a transversely oriented emergency exit with nozzles for spraying water with sprinkler heads.
Na slici 2. je funkcionalna shema električnog spoja uređaja prema ovome tehničkom rješenju. Figure 2 shows the functional diagram of the electrical connection of the device according to this technical solution.
Slika 3. prikazuje presjek glavnog podzemnog transportnog objekta Figure 3 shows a section of the main underground transport facility
Slika 4. prikazuje presjek podzemne građevine za izlaz u nuždi iz glavnog podzemnog transportnog objekta. Figure 4 shows a section of the underground building for emergency exit from the main underground transport facility.
Najmanje jedan način izvođenja izuma At least one way of carrying out the invention
Primjer izvedbe stabilne aktivne opreme za gašenje požara, posebno za podzemne transportne sustave prema tehničkom rješenju je prikazan na slikama od 1 do 4. Glavna podzemna transportna građevina je podijeljena u nekoliko sekcija. Međutim prikazani uređaj se odnosi samo na jedan dio sekcije i sastoji se od priključka na javnu vodovodnu mrežu (2) prema spremniku (1) koji je spojen sa spojnim cjevovodom (21) u višestupanjsku crpku (3) s elektromotorom (4), u najboljoj izvedbi sa takozvanim soft starterom, koji je električno povezan s vanjskim izvorom električne energije (9), na primjer na trofazni napon od 400 V, frekvencije 50 Hz. Nadalje, uređaj sadržava distribucijsku mrežu (9) hidranata (91), niskotlačnu distribucijsku mrežu (7) prema sapnicama za prskanje vode sa sprinklerskim glavama (12), visokotlačnu distribucijsku mrežu (8) koja je povezana na sustav paralelno ugrađenih sapnica za stvaranje vodene maglice (13) i najmanje dvije vrste požarnih senzora i centralnim uredom za električnu signalizaciju požara (16). Niskotlačna komora (31) višestupanjske crpke (3) je spojena na niskotlačnu distribucijsku mrežu (7) preko niskotlačnog elektroventila (15) s četiri para sapnica za vodu sa sprinklerskom glavom (12), koje su ugrađen uzdužno u gornjem djelu poprečno orijentirane podzemne građevine za izlaz za nuždu iz glavnog podzemnog objekta. An example of the performance of stable active fire extinguishing equipment, especially for underground transport systems according to the technical solution, is shown in Figures 1 to 4. The main underground transport building is divided into several sections. However, the shown device refers to only one part of the section and consists of a connection to the public water supply network (2) towards the tank (1) which is connected with a connecting pipeline (21) to a multistage pump (3) with an electric motor (4), in the best version with a so-called soft starter, which is electrically connected to an external power source (9), for example to a three-phase voltage of 400 V, frequency 50 Hz. Furthermore, the device contains a distribution network (9) of hydrants (91), a low-pressure distribution network (7) towards nozzles for spraying water with sprinkler heads (12), a high-pressure distribution network (8) which is connected to a system of parallel installed nozzles for creating water mist (13) and at least two types of fire sensors and a central office for electrical fire signaling (16). The low-pressure chamber (31) of the multi-stage pump (3) is connected to the low-pressure distribution network (7) via a low-pressure electric valve (15) with four pairs of water nozzles with a sprinkler head (12), which are installed longitudinally in the upper part of the transversely oriented underground building for emergency exit from the main underground facility.
Visokotlačna komora (32) višestupanjske crpke (3) je u isto vrijeme u svakoj glavnoj podzemnoj građevini spojena sa visokotlačnom distribucijskom mrežom (8) s visokotlačnim elektroventilima (14), koji su spojeni na dva susjedna para sapnica za stvaranje vodene maglice (13) koje su uzdužno ugrađene u gornji dio glavne podzemne transportne građevine. The high-pressure chamber (32) of the multi-stage pump (3) is at the same time connected in each main underground building to the high-pressure distribution network (8) with high-pressure electrovalves (14), which are connected to two adjacent pairs of nozzles for creating water mist (13) which are installed longitudinally in the upper part of the main underground transport structure.
U gorenjem djelu glavne podzemne transportne građevine, gdje je također smješten linearni toplinski alarm za ranu detekciju požara (10) s detektorima požara (17) npr. fotoelektričnim javljačima požara i slično. U isto vrijeme na ventilsku stanicu za stabilni sustav za gašenje požara (18) spojeni je električnom vezom visokotlačni elektroventil (14) sa niskotlačnim elektroventilom (15) i preko centralnog ureda za električnu dojavu požara (16) (u najboljoj izvedbi za svaku glavnu podzemnu građevinu), te javljači požara (17) i linearni toplinski alarm za ranu detekciju požara (10) u obliku senzorskog kabela položenog cijelom duljinom glavnog transportnog objekta, koji se može programirati za zone različite duljine. Pričuvni generator (6) za napajanje električnom energijom, npr. dizel generator, može biti spojen na vanjski izvor električne energije (5) npr. vanjsku električnu mrežu. Visokotlačna distribucijska mreža (8) je opremljena s dva dodatna ventila (11) za dodatne mobilne priključke na vodu, koji nisu prikazani. In the upper part of the main underground transport building, where there is also a linear thermal alarm for early fire detection (10) with fire detectors (17), eg photoelectric fire detectors and the like. At the same time, a high-pressure electrovalve (14) with a low-pressure electrovalve (15) is electrically connected to the valve station for the stable fire extinguishing system (18) and through the central electric fire alarm office (16) (in the best version for each main underground building ), and fire detectors (17) and a linear thermal alarm for early fire detection (10) in the form of a sensor cable laid along the entire length of the main transport object, which can be programmed for zones of different lengths. A backup generator (6) for power supply, eg a diesel generator, can be connected to an external source of electricity (5), eg an external power grid. The high-pressure distribution network (8) is equipped with two additional valves (11) for additional mobile water connections, which are not shown.
Tijekom ventilacije (kada nema požara), prema poznatom konceptu rada višestupanjske crpke (3) cijeli distribucijski sustav je ispunjen vodom i nalazi se pod određenim radnim tlakom, na primjer distribucijska mreža (9) s hidrantima (91) i niskotlačna distribucijska mreža (7) se nalaze pod tlakom od 3 bara dok pak se u visokotlačnoj distribucijskoj mreži (8) sve do visokotlačnih elektroventila (14) održava tlak od 10 bara u najudaljenijoj sapnici za stvaranje vodene maglice (13). Takav pritisak vode se permanentno održava dodatnom visokotlačnom crpkom (33) u visokotlačnoj distribucijskoj mreži i dodatnom niskotlačnom pompom (34) u niskotlačnoj distribucijskoj mreži (7). During ventilation (when there is no fire), according to the well-known operating concept of the multistage pump (3), the entire distribution system is filled with water and is under a certain working pressure, for example the distribution network (9) with hydrants (91) and the low-pressure distribution network (7). are under a pressure of 3 bar, while in the high-pressure distribution network (8) up to the high-pressure electric valves (14), a pressure of 10 bar is maintained in the farthest nozzle for creating water mist (13). Such water pressure is permanently maintained by an additional high-pressure pump (33) in the high-pressure distribution network and by an additional low-pressure pump (34) in the low-pressure distribution network (7).
U slučaju da se jedan detektor požara (17) u linearnom toplinskom alarmu za ranu detekciju požara (10) detektira nastanak požara, takva situacija se odmah signalizira u centralni ured za električnu dojavu požara (16) i biti će prikazan u ventilskoj stanici za stabilni sustav za gašenje požara (18). In the event that one fire detector (17) in the linear thermal alarm for early fire detection (10) detects the occurrence of a fire, such a situation is immediately signaled to the central electrical fire alarm office (16) and will be displayed in the valve station for the stable system for extinguishing fires (18).
U isto vrijeme automatski (u slučaju potrebe to se može učiniti i ručno iz ventilske stanice za stabilni sustav za gašenje požara (18) ili korištenjem vatrodojavnog alarma, koji ovdje nije prikazan) se aktiviraju visokotlačni elektroventili (14) koji su ugrađeni u blizini požara te se pokretanjem višestupanjske crpke aktiviraju pripadajuće sapnice za stvaranje vodene maglice (13). Također, istovremeno se odvija evakuacija osoba iz prostora ugroženog požarom kroz najbliži postojeći izlaz u nuždi iz glavnog podzemnog transportnog objekta. At the same time, high-pressure electric valves (14) installed near the fire are activated automatically (if necessary, this can also be done manually from the valve station for the stable fire extinguishing system (18) or by using a fire alarm, which is not shown here). by starting the multi-stage pump, the associated nozzles are activated to create a water mist (13). Also, at the same time, the evacuation of people from the area threatened by the fire is taking place through the nearest existing emergency exit from the main underground transport facility.
Međutim, ukoliko se požar razvije i unutar građevine koja se koristi kao izlaz za nuždu iz glavne podzemne transportne građevine i temperatura premaši radnu temperature podešenu u sapnici za vodu sa sprinklerskom glavom (12), npr. 69°C, on uzrokuje da stakleno tijelo sprinklerske glave najbliže određenoj sapnici za stvaranje vodene maglice (12) puca i voda za gašenje pokrenuta dodatnom niskotlačnom pumpom (34) i/ili višestupanjskom pumpom (3) istječe kroz stalno natlačenu niskotlačnu distribucijsku mrežu (7) kroz otvorenu sapnicu za vodu sa sprinklerskom glavom. To omogućava sigurnu evakuaciju i izlaz osoba kroz izlaz u nuždi iz glavne podzemne transportne građevine. U isto vrijeme se sprječava i širenje požara na druge građevine. Kada je gašenje požara gotovo, osoblje koje rukuje uređajem prekida dotok vode iz ventilske stanice za stabilni sustav za gašenje požara (18) u njegovu distribucijsku mrežu. Potom se otklanjaju oštećenja dijelova sustava i tijekom rada ventilacije, prema poznatom konceptu rada višestupanjske crpke (3), distribucijska mreža sustava se puni s vodom te se postiže određeni radni tlak, npr. u distribucijski mreži (9) hidranata (91) i u niskotlačnoj distribucijskoj mreži (7), isto kao i u visokotlačnoj distribucijskoj mreži (8) sve dok se visokotlačni elektroventili (14) u centralnom uredu za električnu dojavu požara (16) ne resetiraju. Svim tim radnjama sustav se vraća u svoje redovito radno stanje. However, if a fire develops inside a building used as an emergency exit from the main underground transport building and the temperature exceeds the operating temperature set in the water nozzle with the sprinkler head (12), for example 69°C, it causes the glass body of the sprinkler of the head closest to the designated water mist nozzle (12) bursts and the extinguishing water started by the additional low-pressure pump (34) and/or the multi-stage pump (3) flows out through the constantly pressurized low-pressure distribution network (7) through the open water nozzle with the sprinkler head. This enables the safe evacuation and exit of people through the emergency exit from the main underground transport building. At the same time, the spread of fire to other buildings is prevented. When the fire is extinguished, the personnel operating the device shuts off the water flow from the valve station for the stable fire extinguishing system (18) to its distribution network. Then, damage to parts of the system is removed and during ventilation operation, according to the well-known concept of operation of the multistage pump (3), the distribution network of the system is filled with water and a certain working pressure is achieved, for example in the distribution network (9) of the hydrants (91) and in the low-pressure distribution network network (7), the same as in the high-pressure distribution network (8) until the high-pressure electrovalves (14) in the central electrical fire alarm office (16) are reset. With all these actions, the system returns to its regular working state.
Opisana prikazana izvedba sustava, međutim, nije jedina moguća izvedba sustava obzirom da se ista može odnositi na samo jednu glavnu podzemnu transportnu građevinu ili više podzemnih transportnih građevina s najmanje jednom poprečno orijentiranom građevinom koja predstavlja izlaz u nuždi. Distribucijska mreža (9) hidranata (91) i/ili niskotlačne distribucijske mreže (7) može biti opremljena s najmanje jednim dodatnim ventilom (11) za mobilnu tlačnu spojku za vodu, ako je prikladno, sustav ne mora sadržavati dodatni pričuvni izvor napajanja (6), dodatne ventile za distribuciju vode ni dodatne visokotlačne crpke (33) odnosno niskotlačne crpke (34). Dodatno, prikazani broj hidranata (91), detektora požara (17), sapnica za vodu sa sprinklerskom glavom (12), sapnica za stvaranje vodene magle (13), visokotlačnih elektroventila (14) i niskotlačnih elektroventila (15) može biti drugačiji u nekoj drugoj izvedbi sustava. The described design of the system, however, is not the only possible design of the system since it can refer to only one main underground transport building or several underground transport buildings with at least one transversely oriented building representing an emergency exit. The distribution network (9) of the hydrant (91) and/or the low-pressure distribution network (7) can be equipped with at least one additional valve (11) for the mobile pressure coupling for water, if appropriate, the system does not have to include an additional backup power source (6 ), additional water distribution valves and additional high-pressure pumps (33) and low-pressure pumps (34). Additionally, the number of hydrants (91), fire detectors (17), water nozzles with sprinkler heads (12), water mist nozzles (13), high-pressure electrovalves (14) and low-pressure electrovalves (15) shown may be different in some to another version of the system.
Primjena u industriji Application in industry
Stabilna aktivna oprema za gašenje požara, posebno za podzemne transportne sustave, izložena ovim izumom ima univerzalnu primjenu u jedno ili dvocijevnim cestovnim i željezničkim tunelima , u zatvorenim parkiralištima velikih trgovačkih centara , u garažama velikog kapaciteta ili pak u rudnicima. Stable active fire extinguishing equipment, especially for underground transport systems, presented by this invention has universal application in one or two-tube road and railway tunnels, in closed parking lots of large shopping centers, in large capacity garages or in mines.
Lista pozivnih oznaka List of callsigns
1 Spremnik 1 Container
2. Priključak na javnu vodovodnu mrežu 2. Connection to the public water supply network
21 Spojni cjevovod 21 Connecting pipeline
3 Višestupanjska crpka 3 Multistage pump
31 Niskotlačna komora 31 Low pressure chamber
32 Visokotlačna komora 32 High-pressure chamber
33 Dodatna visokotlačna crpka 33 Additional high pressure pump
34 Dodatna niskotlačna crpka 34 Additional low-pressure pump
4 Elektromotor 4 Electric motor
5 Izvor električne energije 5 Source of electricity
6 Pričuvni generator 6 Backup generator
7 Niskotlačna distribucijska mreža 7 Low-pressure distribution network
8 Visokotlačna distribucijska mreža 8 High-pressure distribution network
9 Distribucijska mreža (za vodu) 9 Distribution network (for water)
91 Hidranti 91 Hydrants
10 Linearni toplinski alarm za ranu detekciju požara 10 Linear thermal alarm for early fire detection
11 Dodatni ventili (distribucija) 11 Additional valves (distribution)
12 Sapnica za vodu sa sprinklerskom glavom 12 Water nozzle with sprinkler head
13 Sapnica za stvaranje vodene maglice 13 Nozzle for creating water mist
14 Visokotlačni elektroventil 14 High-pressure electric valve
15 Niskotlačni elektroventil 15 Low-pressure electric valve
16 Centralni ured za električnu dojavu požara 16 Central office for electrical fire alarm
17 Detektor požara 17 Fire detector
18 Ventilska stanica za stabilni sustav za gašenje požara 18 Valve station for a stable fire extinguishing system
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK50077-2014U SK7120Y1 (en) | 2014-06-15 | 2014-06-15 | Stationary active fire fighting equipment, especially of underground transport system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP20150636A2 true HRP20150636A2 (en) | 2016-12-16 |
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ID=51987677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP20150636AA HRP20150636A2 (en) | 2014-06-15 | 2015-06-12 | Stabile active equipment for fire extinction, specially for underground transport systems |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BG (1) | BG2319U1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ28437U1 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP20150636A2 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK7120Y1 (en) |
-
2014
- 2014-06-15 SK SK50077-2014U patent/SK7120Y1/en unknown
-
2015
- 2015-06-01 CZ CZ2015-31143U patent/CZ28437U1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-06-05 BG BG003023U patent/BG2319U1/en unknown
- 2015-06-12 HR HRP20150636AA patent/HRP20150636A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SK7120Y1 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
| CZ28437U1 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
| BG2319U1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
| SK500772014U1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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