RU2722615C1 - Fire-fighting pumping-hose system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety equipment.

SUBSTANCE: in a fire-fighting pumping-hose system, comprising a pressure fire hose, connection heads, stopcocks and means for supplying water or extinguishing substance under pressure to a fire point through detachable metal nozzles. Pressure fire hose is made of 2–10 adjacent sections, between connecting heads of which there is distribution unit with mating connecting heads and support platform made of fire-resistant structural material, in the middle part of the distribution unit perpendicular to the axis there is a bend in the form of a transient straight or L-shaped fitting with a shut-off valve and a connection head for connection of a side branch in the form of a pipeline flexible in its main part from fire-resistant material with a nominal diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressure fire hose, to supply water to the ignition centers remote from the distribution unit through a replaceable nozzle in the form of an atomizer or drencher sprayer arranged on the end of the flexible pipeline, wherein the outlet in the middle part of the distribution unit is configured to turn on the angle set by the fire-extinguishing conditions with subsequent fixation in the plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the axis of the distribution unit, first section of pressure fire hose is connected through auxiliary fire hose and main sleeve branch to main hose line, at end of last section of pressure fire hose there is an end distributing unit with end plug and branch for connection of side branch of specified type, and support platform base is equipped with at least one device for platform attachment to horizontal, inclined or vertical surface of fire extinguishing facility.

EFFECT: technical result of the invention consists in improvement of efficiency of fire extinguishing, expansion of functional capabilities and reduction of time for liquidation of fire centers by fire calculations in complex conditions of fire extinguishing in buildings and structures.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, and more particularly, to a structural embodiment of fire pumping systems for supplying water to a place of fire and extinguishing in an urban environment. The proposed device in the form of a pump-hose system can find application in the work of fire crews to extinguish extensive fires in residential buildings and industrial buildings, including using auxiliary or standard equipment for fire engines of the APP and AP series.

At all times, fires were a catastrophic disaster for the population, regardless of the size and consequences of the event itself. Therefore, the first fire extinguishing systems appeared in Russia in the distant past. In particular, historical documents report that by 1914 in our empire, in addition to many fire stations, hundreds of fire extinguishing systems equipped with simple automation were installed at different enterprises. Since then, fire protection systems and appropriate fire extinguishing equipment have stepped far forward. Today, fire extinguishing specialists will accurately determine for any building such parameters as the type of fire extinguishing installation, the type of substance that will extinguish the fire, and the method of delivery of this substance to the fire. The most common fire extinguishing devices are, of course, water installations, since water is the cheapest product that can extinguish almost any fire.

Primary fire extinguishing means at enterprises include tools and materials used for fire extinguishing and effective in the initial stage of ignition. These funds are placed in specially equipped places for this - in fire cabinets, on fire stands and fire panels. The types of primary fire extinguishing agents include fire extinguishing agents and materials, fire tools, tools and fire equipment, including a fire hydrant with a fire barrel and a fire hose using internal fire water supply. Fire fighting equipment can be used both to extinguish a small fire and to seriously counter fire as additional fire extinguishing means. The latter include fire curtains (RF patents 2243796, 2244578) and fire retardant fire cloths made of heat-resistant materials in the form of a rectangular piece of heat-resistant fabric (RF patents No. 161992, 2690805). According to fire safety standards, all production facilities of enterprises should also be equipped with fire extinguishers with stocked fire extinguishing composition for quick localization of open fire. Primary fire extinguishing agents are easy to use and do not require special skills.

In Russia, fire safety standards have been approved and enacted, including technical fire safety requirements and test methods that have been developed primarily to protect human life and health, property and the environment from fires, as well as to reduce the risk of harm and damage damage due to fire. Mobile fire extinguishing means, including primary fire extinguishing means in the form of fire fighting pump-hose systems allow you to quickly respond to situations associated with the occurrence of fires, regardless of the distance from the communications facilities. According to the approved regulatory documents, mobile fire extinguishing means include fire engines, devices and equipment that can be transported to the place of fire for volumetric or surface effects on sources of ignition. The task of ground-based mobile fire extinguishing means in the form of fire trucks is to deliver fire brigades, fire equipment, water or other fire extinguishing substances and carry out rescue operations. Special fire trucks are represented by articulated lifts, ladders, smoke removal machines, etc. Fire engines of the main type are equipped with a tank truck, a motor-pump and pump-hose systems or means for extinguishing fires with air-foam, powder, gas-water and other methods. Motor pumps usually include a pump, an engine, clogging filters, and water intake and delivery means: hoses, fire barrels and adapters (see NPB 163-97 Fire fighting equipment. Main fire engines. General technical requirements. Test methods. See also technical specifications for the automobile pump-hose ANR-60-800, etc.).

In order to prevent the spread of flame in the event of a fire at residential and industrial facilities, built-in sprinkler systems or fire-fighting equipment delivered by the fire and rescue squad on vehicles in the form of pump-hose systems are used. The effectiveness of fire pumping systems depends on how correctly selected components of these systems. In particular, shutoff valves allow you to control the strength of the flow, distribute it over specific channels and regulate the entire system. The peculiarity of fire-fighting fittings, hoses and other similar parts in their exceptional reliability. For example, nozzles for sleeves are made exclusively from brass or other similar alloys. Standard fire hoses and hose fittings are used directly during extinguishing fires, when it is necessary to organize the supply of water to the extinguishing site, with which you can begin to extinguish the fire in a matter of minutes. Now the fire fighting equipment and equipment have advanced significantly in terms of their design and reliability. Fire hoses have become mobile, lightweight and efficient, and the fittings themselves are unified so as to be able to serve the maximum number of varieties of equipment. Fire hydrants, columns and taps, suction hoses, fire engine pumps, main hose lines, hose branches, working hose lines and manual fire barrels are also components and components of fire-fighting equipment of such systems; see, for example, G.I. Nikolaev , E.Yu. Lubsanov. Fire-fighting water supply. Teaching aid. Ulan-Ude, VSGUTU Publishing House, 2012, p. 44, and Fire-fighting water supply: teaching aid / A. S. Abramov, P. P. Kokukhin, Yu. I. Savchenko. - Omsk: Publishing House of OmSTU, 2009. - 204 p.).

In modern conditions, external fire water supply systems are usually organized, including underground networks, in the wells of which fire hydrants are installed. Tankers and other special equipment of the Ministry of Emergencies, departmental and private fire brigades for the protection of settlements by supplying water under pressure to extinguish buildings, structures, warehouses and other facilities are connected to them. At the same time, buildings are equipped with internal fire water pipelines taking into account the purpose, degree of fire resistance, internal volume and category of fire hazard. Such fire-fighting equipment must meet the requirements of relevant regulations, norms and rules approved by state authorities. The terminal devices for the use of fire water pipelines inside buildings are fire hydrants equipped with sleeves with connecting heads and trunks for supplying water to the source of ignition. For critical objects of the internal water fire extinguishing system, automatic sprinkler or deluge fire extinguishing systems are used to obtain sprayed water flows in order to protect individual rooms and openings in the event of fires.

The automatic fire extinguishing sprinkler system is designed to eliminate fires in places of their occurrence in local areas when thermal locks and temperature sensors of the system are triggered with a fire warning. In an adjacent room, where the temperature does not reach a critical value, the thermal lock does not collapse and the fire extinguishing system does not occur. A stationary fire extinguishing system based on sprinklers has undeniable advantages: ease of maintenance, quick elimination of the source of ignition (see, for example, RF patents No. 2258551, 2248232, 2636009). The disadvantages of such a fire extinguishing system are the inability to use at low temperatures in the room, and the use of large amounts of water can cause significant damage to the property in the room.

Unlike sprinkler, deluge fire extinguishing installations are equipped with irrigation systems that do not have thermal locks. Accordingly, the pipeline is not filled with a fire extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing process begins after the shut-off valve is opened, blocking access to the central reservoir. Fire extinguishing is activated manually or automatically after a fire alarm. In “smart home” systems, fire extinguishing systems are connected to a fire alarm control system. The process of extinguishing a fire can begin immediately after detecting a fire source and confirming a command from a central console or remotely from a telephone. The deluge installation after its installation in the structure does not require reconstruction, replacement of elements or additional adjustment after operation. After restoring the position of the shut-off valves to the closed position and filling the tank with fire extinguishing agent, the installation is ready for reactivation. To create water curtains, drenchers with a socket divider with holes of small diameter or scapular drenchers are used. An additional advantage of the deluge unit is the possibility of using foam or gas as an extinguishing agent, which minimizes material losses from exposure to water (see, for example, RF patents No. 2578571, 2409426, 2457877, 2508143, 2532812). Also known are modern fire extinguishing means with foam generators (RF patents No. 2490040, 2530410) and automated fire extinguishing means (RF patents No. 2637745, 2412732, 2128536).

Concerning the primary fire extinguishing means related to pump-hose systems, fire safety standards have been approved and put into effect, including technical fire safety requirements and test methods for the following components of fire-fighting pump-hose systems:

- fire cabinets NPB 151-2000;

- pressure head fire hoses in accordance with GOST R 51049, NPB 152;

- connecting heads for fire equipment in accordance with GOST 28252, NPB 153;

- valves for fire hydrants according to NPB 154;

- manual fire barrels according to airbag 177.

In addition to the above, fire safety standards, general technical requirements and test methods for fire hydrants, suction hoses, fire engine pumps, trunk and working hose lines, three-way branches and much more are approved and put into effect. The main technical requirements for the indicated fire extinguishing means include the requirements for ensuring the supply of water and fire extinguishing solutions with the necessary values of pressure, flow rate, range of the jet and a number of other parameters. Primary fire extinguishing agents made in the form of fire pumping systems for supplying water or other extinguishing agents to the fire, in particular, are protected by RF patents No. 2104073, 2179048, 2283675, 2301095, 147723, 187331.

In the context of carrying out fire-fighting measures in buildings and structures when using pump-hose systems, rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, if necessary, use various tools. Depending on the functional purpose, the tool must perform the following operations: cutting and biting elements of building structures, moving and fixing them, punching holes and openings, and much more. The tool should be equipped with safety devices, its controls should be equipped with clear indicators, to provide the ability to quickly replace work items, and quickly and reliably connect them manually without the use of keys or other bench tools. Quick-closing fire fittings in the form of connecting heads are designed for reliable and tight connection of hoses to each other and their connection to fire equipment: fire pump, fire hydrant, fire column, suction hoses, main hose line, hose branching, shut-off fire valves and pressure fire hose. The mechanical efforts to close the fire armature and the impact on the controls of the overlapping devices, at a working pressure in the transport network to supply water to the fire site, should not exceed 150 N.

A feature of the well-known pump-hose systems is that the practical tasks of supplying water to a fire place in urban conditions are solved taking into account the joint operation of the water supply network, pumps and pressure hose lines. Water is also supplied to the fire site via hose systems from mobile fire pumps. In practice, when extinguishing from a source of water intake, various types of pump-hose systems are used, the choice of which depends on the characteristics of the water supply (water supply, the distance of the hydrant from the fire, etc.). When the source of water intake is at a great distance, a line is made of series-connected intermediate arms. If there are several fire sources, and there is only one water supply, then parallel branches are used. This requires a determination of the pressure at the pump and in front of the fire barrel by the estimated water flow from the barrels, taking into account the type of hose system of the length and diameter of the hoses. In water supply schemes by auto pumps to pump-hose systems, the pressure is fixed by a pressure gauge on the pressure port of the pump. The magnitude of this pressure depends on overcoming the resistance in the hose system, raising the liquid to the height of the building and creating a free pressure at the barrel to supply a stream of water at a calculated distance.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a fire pump-hose system containing a pressure fire hose, connecting heads, shut-off valves and means for supplying water or extinguishing substance under pressure to a fire site through removable metal nozzles (see Internet resource http: // www.iconos-svstem.com/ - prototype).

The fire hose pump system developed in Germany is designed primarily to deal with forest fires. A feature of the known technical solution lies in the fact that a flexible pressure head hose has a number of through holes located in one line at a distance from each other within 20-60 cm and equipped with means for screwing through through holes of removable metal nozzles with exit holes with a diameter of about 2 mm The known device provides local extinguishing of fires during forest fires directly along the pressure head with less water.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions include the complexity of the fire brigade during the operation of the specified tubing in fire extinguishing on the roofs and walls of buildings and structures, as well as inside the labyrinths of buildings in the presence of collapse, smoke or open fire. The possibility of using the known nozzle pressure hose is limited to the sections of burning buildings accessible to rescuers, since only in them transportation of the indicated lengthy pressure hoses is possible. In this case, often there is a need to punch relatively large holes in the walls of the ceilings for the penetration of rescuers through them in order to supply water to closed or inaccessible parts of the premises.

The technical result of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks, increase fire extinguishing efficiency, expand the functionality and reduce the time to eliminate fire sources by fire brigades in difficult fire extinguishing conditions, in buildings and structures, as well as increase the safe stay time of rescuers and victims outside the fire source under protection of sprayed water curtains at the same time in several areas of the spread of open flame far from the pressure head. An additional technical result consists in simplifying the handling of the proposed prefabricated tubing systems and facilitating their operating conditions during extensive fires in urban conditions. The use of the proposed technical solution also makes it easier to evacuate from the fire zone, reduce the number of fire crews and increase the level of fire safety in the conditions of creating atomized water curtains in the premises of buildings. The result is increased efficiency of the proposed device while expanding its functionality. Using the invention allows to increase the number of people being saved in a fire, to save their life and health. It is also advisable to use the proposed technical solution for deactivating a number of poisonous substances without the direct presence of rescuers in the spill area or the leakage of chemical agents in a storage room, for example, in cases of depressurization of containers containing liquid chemical agents.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the fire fighting pump-hose system comprising a pressure fire hose, connection heads, shut-off valves and means for supplying water or extinguishing substance under pressure to a fire through removable metal nozzles, according to the invention, the pressure fire hose is made integral from 2-10 adjacent sections, between the connecting heads of which a distribution unit with mating connection heads and a supporting platform made of a fire-resistant construction material is installed, in the middle part of the distribution unit perpendicular to the axis an outlet is arranged in the form of a transitional straight or G-shaped fitting with a stopcock and a connecting head for connecting the side branch in the form of a flexible, in its main part, pipeline of fire-resistant material with a conditional diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressure head of the fire hose, for supplying water to ignition centers remote from the distribution unit through a change nozzle in the form of a nozzle or deluge atomizer located at the end of the flexible pipe, and the outlet in the middle part of the distribution unit is made with the possibility of rotation to the angle specified by the fire fighting conditions, followed by fixing in a plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the axis of the distribution unit, the first section of the pressure head fireman the hose is connected through an auxiliary fire hose and the main hose branch, to the main hose line, at the end of the last section of the pressure fire hose there is an end distribution unit with an end cap and a tap for connecting a side branch of the specified type, and the base of the support platform is equipped with at least one a device for attaching the platform to the horizontal, inclined or vertical surface of the fire fighting facility.

In addition, typical sections of a pressure head fire hose can be made up to a standard nominal diameter of up to 125 mm in the range of section sizes in the range of 1–20 m, and a flexible pipe is made with a conditional diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressure head fire hose and a length in the range of 2–10 m

In addition, each of the support platforms can be made in plan in the form of a rectangular or other stable support configuration, and in cross section, mainly in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, triangle, rectangle or arc.

In addition, the mounting of the distribution unit on the support platform can be performed mainly in the form of quick-release mounting clamps or fixing clamps, and the outlet in the middle part of the distribution unit can be equipped with a pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure in the system.

In addition, the device for mounting the platform on the surface of the fire extinguishing object may include at least one means of adhesion to the surface in the form of a hook, carabiner, staple, wedge or screw, which is connected through a chain, cable, loop or rod with an eye bolt, a ring or carabiner placed on the base of the support platform.

In addition, each of the supporting platforms can be equipped with a removable device for its local movement within the fire extinguishing object, made mainly in the form of rollers, wheels or skids.

In addition, the flexible conduit in the end part may include a removable tip made in the form of a direct or L-shaped fitting, at the outlet of which there is a nozzle, nozzle or deluge sprayer, moreover, the fitting can be rotated relative to the tip, and the tip body is equipped with a device for mounting on the surface of the fire fighting facility.

In addition, the fire pump-hose system may contain means for supplying an air-foam fire-extinguishing composition to the pressure head of the fire hose using a foam generator.

In addition, the fire pump-hose system may contain means for supplying an air-foam solution with additives for degassing and / or deactivating hazardous chemicals released during a fire and / or chemical accident at the inlet of the pressure head of the fire hose.

The proposed technical solution provides increased efficiency in the use of a fire pump-hose system to prevent the spread of open flame and localize fire in buildings and structures by simultaneously increasing the operational reliability of the device, its ease of use and multi-zone fire fighting. Timely placement in fire zones and the use of a fire-fighting sectional pump-hose system with a set of branches in the form of flexible pipelines made of fire-resistant material with deluge water sprays in flames, apartments or openings can more effectively prevent the spread of open fire or starting fires. The proposed fire pump and hose system has a relatively simple design, is technologically advanced to manufacture, convenient and easy to use, which contributes to a significant reduction in the time to extinguish a fire simultaneously in several fire zones, providing additional opportunities for saving and evacuating people at different stages of fire fighting.

For example, in the case of using car lifts, the typical control time for deployment by a fire crew of three people of a standard fire pump and hose system of 20 m or more in length on the roof of a burning five-story building, from the moment it is connected to the main hose line, to the beginning of fire fighting, can exceed several dozens of minutes in conditions of serious danger to the fire brigade rescuers. The use of the proposed technical solution for the delivery of fire brigades, fire equipment and water to the fire sources using land-based mobile fire extinguishing means in the form of fire trucks and car lifts reduces the risks and preparation time of the hose system due to the quick assembly of sections of significantly shorter lengths and the subsequent installation of a prefabricated pressure head fire hose, for example, using the movement of the platform lift. The use of the proposed fire pump-hose system increases the rate of fire extinguishing with a sprayed water curtain at the same time in different foci of ignition due to several flexible pipelines with deluge water sprayers. For the proposed pressure head fire hose under the most adverse conditions, the total fire extinguishing time may decrease in proportion to the number of deluge water sprayers. The timeline for the assembly and deployment of the proposed prefabricated fire hose under fire extinguishing conditions is prescribed in the detailed instructions for its use.

Exceeding the number in excess of 10 series-connected sections of the pressure hose with a standard nominal diameter of 125 mm and a typical pressure at the inlet is impractical due to the complicating operating conditions of the fire fighting design of the proposed pump-hose system. The number of sections of the pressure hose adopted according to the fire extinguishing conditions also determines the line of optimal section sizes in the range of 1–20 m and the length of the flexible pipelines in the range of 2–10 m under conditions of water supply to the ignition centers remote from the pressure head of the fire through nozzle or deluge water sprayers . The implementation of bends in the middle of the distribution nodes in the form of straight or L-shaped fittings with pipelines with the possibility of turns in the plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the axis of the distribution node, provides a significant expansion of the system’s functionality, increasing fire extinguishing efficiency and reducing the time required to eliminate multiple fire extinguishing calculations sources of ignition.

The indicated possibility of turning bends in the form of straight fittings in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the distribution unit allows the fire brigade, in the event of new fires, to quickly redirect the flexible piping from the left side of the pressure hose to the right and vice versa. In turn, the possibility of turning bends in the form of L-shaped fittings in a plane parallel to the axis of the distribution unit allows the fire brigade to easily rotate the threads of flexible pipelines, mainly in the horizontal plane. The fastening of the distribution nodes with connecting heads on the supporting platforms equipped with devices for their fixation in the working position on the surface of the fire extinguishing object, in turn, maximally facilitates the assembly of the proposed fire pump and hose system in difficult fire fighting conditions in buildings and structures.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the device of the proposed fire pump-hose system for use when extinguishing water with several fires on the roof of a building. In FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a distribution unit configured to rotate the fitting in a plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the axis of the distribution unit. In FIG. 3 shows a general view of the layout of one of the proposed embodiments of the distribution unit, and in FIG. 4 is a General view of the specified assembly with sections of the pressure head fire hose, which subsequently underwent real fire tests.

The proposed fire pump-hose system for use when extinguishing water with several fires on the roof of a building (Fig. 1) contains a composite or sectioned pressure fire hose 1 with a conditional diameter of 51 mm, consisting of six successively connected sections 2 of the same or different lengths. In other, more severe fire extinguishing conditions, typical sections of a pressure head fire hose may have a standard nominal diameter of up to 125 mm in the range of section sizes in the range of 1-20 m. Distribution nodes 3 with mating connection heads are installed between the connecting heads of adjacent sections 2 of the pressure fire hose 1 and supporting platforms 4. In the middle part of the distribution nodes 3 perpendicular to the axis there are bends 5 for connecting lateral branches in the form of flexible pipelines 6 in their main part 6 3-6 m long with a nominal diameter smaller than the diameter of 51 mm of the pressure fire hose 1. Hereinafter, the phrase "Flexible in its main part of pipelines" means that some of their relatively small sections, in the middle, initial or end parts of a flexible pipeline, can be made not flexible, for example, rigid in the form of pieces of metal pipes. In various fire extinguishing conditions, the flexible pipe may have a length in the indicated optimal range of 2-10 m and a nominal diameter of, for example, 0.1-0.95 of the diameter of the pressure head fire hose 1. At the end of each flexible pipe 6, a replaceable nozzle 7 is installed for water supply to 3 centers of ignition remote from the distribution unit. Distribution nodes 3, support platforms 4 and bends 5 with flexible pipelines 6 and nozzles 7 are made of fire-resistant construction material that ensures reliable operation of the proposed pump-hose system in various fire fighting conditions. Taps 5 in the middle part of each of the distribution nodes 3 are made with the possibility of rotation to the angle specified by the fire fighting conditions in a plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the axis of the distribution node 3.

The first of the series-connected sections 2 of the pressure fire hose 1 is connected through an auxiliary fire hose 8 and the main hose branch 9 to the main hose line 10. At the end of the last of the series-connected sections 2 of the pressure fire hose 1, an end distribution unit 3 with an end cap 11 and an outlet 5 for connecting a side branch of the specified type. The base of the supporting platform 4 of each of the distribution nodes 3 is provided with at least one device 12 for stable mounting of the platform 4 to the horizontal, inclined or vertical surface of the fire extinguishing object, in this case, to the inclined surface of the roof of a burning building. As a device 12, one of the known means of engaging with the roof surface can be used, for example, in the form of a hook, carbine, staple, wedge or screw, which is connected via a chain, cable, loop or bar to an eye bolt, ring or carbine placed on the base of the support platform 4. In some cases, the flexible pipe 6 at the end may contain a removable tip made in the form of a direct or L-shaped fitting, at the outlet of which there is a nozzle, nozzle or deluge sprayer (not shown), and the fitting can be made with the possibility of rotation relative to the tip, and the body of the tip is equipped with a device (not shown) for stable mounting on the surface of the fire extinguishing object.

The equipment necessary for the selection and supply of water to the pressure head fire hose 1 can be located on fire engines equipped with a tank truck, a motor pump and pump-hose systems. In other cases, fire hydrants and fire columns can be used to extract water from water supply networks (see Fig. 1). Sleeve branching 9 must ensure the distribution of the main flow of water from line 10 through the auxiliary fire hose 8 to the inlet of the first of the series-connected sections 2 of the pressure fire hose 1. In accordance with the general inventive concept related to the development and creation of dependent embodiments of the proposed fire pump hose systems, sections of each of the pressure head fire hoses of the system can have a standard conditional diameter in the Russian Federation from a number of 38, 51, 77, 89, 125 mm with corresponding connecting heads in the indicated range of section lengths. The most popular is the pump-hose system, in which successively arranged sections of each of the pressure hoses of the system have a widely used standard nominal diameter of 51 mm or more with a line of section length sizes determined by the head of the rescue team and the actual fire fighting conditions. In FIG. 1 item 13 marked a tank truck, pos. 14 - hydrant, pos. 15 - additional tank truck, pos. 16 - articulated boom pos. 17 - lifting platform for fire brigade, pos. 18 - connecting heads of the auxiliary fire hose 8 and the first section of the pressure fire hose 1, pos. 19 - source of fire, pos. 20 - roof of the building.

A longitudinal section of the distribution unit 3 of the proposed fire hose system is shown schematically in FIG. 2, wherein the assembly 3 is arranged to rotate the L-shaped fitting 21 in a plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the axis of the distribution assembly 3. In FIG. 2 also shows the connecting heads 22, 23 of the adjacent sections 24, 25 of the pressure head fire hose 1. Between the connecting heads 22, 23 there is a distribution unit 3 with mating connecting heads 26, 27, and the mounting of the node 3 is made on the supporting platform 4 by means of two quick-detachable mounting clamps 28, which can also be made in the form of locking grips. The base of the support platform 4 may have a rectangular or other stable configuration in plan, and in the cross section to the axis of the distribution unit 3, mainly the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, triangle, rectangle or arc. The supporting platform 4 is equipped with a device for attaching it to the horizontal, inclined or vertical surface of the fire fighting facility using the above means and eye bolts 29 on the basis of the supporting platform 4. In some cases, the base of the supporting platform 4 can be equipped with a removable device (not shown) for local movement of the platform 4 within the fire extinguishing facility. This device can be made mainly in the form of a pair of rollers, wheels or skids, which facilitates the work of the fire brigade when the situation changes quickly or when new fire zones appear.

In the middle part of the distribution unit 3, an outlet is arranged perpendicular to the axis, made in the form of a transition L-shaped fitting 21 with a shut-off valve (not shown) and a connecting head 30, for connecting to a flexible pipeline 6 that provides water supply to the fire sources remote from the distribution unit 3 . A tap with a fitting 21 in the middle part of the distribution unit 3 is made with the possibility of rotation at an angle specified by the fire fighting conditions in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the unit 3. This rotation is ensured by the presence of power ring grooves with retaining rings installed in them on the left and right parts of the unit 3 gaskets 31. At the same time, the outlet with fitting 21 is configured to rotate to an angle specified by the fire fighting conditions in a plane parallel to the axis of node 3. This rotation is ensured by the presence of a power annular groove in the upper part of the outlet with a retaining ring and gasket 32 installed in it. fitting 21 can be equipped, depending on changing fire extinguishing conditions, with simple means, for example, clamps (not shown), for fixing the turns in the required angular position. The distribution unit 3 is additionally equipped with a rotary ball or piston shut-off valve for controlled supply of water or extinguishing substance to the source of ignition and a manometer for monitoring the operating pressure in the system (not shown).

In accordance with the inventive concept, if a pump-hose system with a pressure hose having a conditional diameter of 77, 89 or 125 mm is used as a flexible pipe 6, a pump-pump system can be connected to a branch with a fitting 21 in the middle of the distribution unit 3 a hose system of the type described, but with a pressure hose of a smaller nominal diameter, 38 or 51 mm (not shown). This greatly increases the possibility of fire fighting in complex situations of multiple fires.

The proposed fire pump-hose system for extinguishing various types of fires may contain means for supplying an extinguishing agent in the form of water, an extinguishing solution or an air-foam extinguishing agent to the pressure head of the fire hose, for example, using foam generators. In various configuration cases, the proposed fire pump and hose system can have many other, including the mentioned options.

When extinguishing a warehouse or production facility containing thermally unstable or leaky containers containing toxic substances in structures or in storage, it is necessary to use a fire-fighting pump-hose system with means for supplying a pressure head hose, for example, an air-foam or water solution with appropriate additives for the degassing and / or decontamination of hazardous chemicals of one nature or another emitted during a fire. It is advisable to use the proposed technical solution for the decontamination of a number of toxic substances without the direct presence of rescuers in the OM spill area in the warehouse. At the same time, in any case, an express analysis of the composition of hazardous chemicals is necessary to identify the level of danger for the population and rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and develop recommendations by specialists on their degassing and / or decontamination using the proposed fire extinguishing agents.

The proposed fire pump and hose system to prevent the spread and localization of fire during the work of rescuers on the roof of a multi-storey residential building operates as follows.

It is preliminary necessary to note that the largest number of fires is registered in the residential sector of cities, a significant part of which consists of multi-story buildings. Especially dangerous are fires in residential premises in buildings of small, medium and large number of storeys, when internal residential premises, flight stairs, corridors and other main and emergency routes, transitions and exits to the roof are engulfed in flames. The experience of rescue operations during fires in residential buildings of high-rise buildings indicates that usually people tend to escape from the effects of an open flame in indoor premises, flight stairs, corridors, etc. At the same time, rescuers who arrived at the fire places have a minimum time reserve of units up to tens of minutes in order to organize, using the proposed device tubing system, a water curtain and provide ways to save the victims. The primary task in this case is to prevent the spread of an open flame from one room to another, not yet covered by a flame. One of the options for solving this problem is to use the proposed fire pumping system, which has many deluge sprays to create a sprayed water curtain in some places.

Example 1. A fire broke out in the upper floors of a five-story building and the flame spread to a part of its roof. Upon arrival at the fire site, the head of the rescue team must assess the situation and, in case of a threat to people's lives, decide on work related primarily to saving people or evacuating them. Depending on the situation on the fire, various options for combat operations to save people and extinguish the fire can be used. In particular, in case of fires in high-rise buildings, to save people, as was indicated, use ladder lifts, cranked lifting mechanisms, manual fire escape ladders and other rescue devices that are armed with fire departments (see Fig. 1). At the same time, the necessary orders are given to deploy forces and means to extinguish the fire with the help of the proposed fire fighting hose systems.

Before rescue operations begin, the tank truck is installed on the water source by the driver and the fireman, then the driver switches the engine to the pump and ensures uninterrupted water supply through the main line 10, hose branch 9 and auxiliary fire hose 8 to the inlet of the first section 2 of the pressure head fire hose 1. For high-altitude work uses the articulated boom 16, which is placed in the original operating position. The elevator driver sets the outriggers to the required working position, the platform 17 of the elevator 16 descends, the fire extinguishing manager (RTP) and the firefighter are landing on the platform, having with them the set of the proposed fire fighting pump-hose system with a 51 mm fire hose, shank and fire tools (crowbar , ax, sledgehammer, hook or tool with electric or gasoline drive). Then the operator of the articulated boom lift 16 lifts the platform 17 to a height slightly higher than the level of the roof 20 to secure the specified set of the proposed pump-hose system by maneuvering by the RTP command with the platform 17 above the roof surface 20. Next, two other firemen transfer and install a retractable ladder, connect the trunk line 10 with a three-way branching 9, lay and fasten the auxiliary fire hose 8 on the roof of the building 20 for subsequent connection to the pressure fire hose 1. Next, the RTP and the first fireman, maneuvering on the platform 17 and without leaving the roof surface 20, connect the auxiliary fire hose 8 to the first section 2 of the fire hose 1.

Rescuers located on the site 17 of the cranked auto-lift 16 provide for the assembly of pre-prepared components of the fire fighting pump-hose system, containing connecting heads and distribution units 3, mounted on supporting platforms 4. The connecting heads of the pressure fire hose 1 must provide quick, tight and durable connection of its sections 2 with connecting heads of the distribution nodes 3 and with other fire equipment for transporting water to the fires on the roof of the building 20. As the number of sections 2 of the pressure hose 1 increases, on the radio command RTP the platform 17 of the car lift 16 with lifeguards moves over the roof 20 along the building, and rescuers sequentially lay sections of the pressure fire hose 1 on the roof surface together with distribution units 3 attached to the supporting platforms 4. One of the rescuers directly controls the laying of sections 2 of the fire hose 1, distribution, directly on the roof nodes 3 with supporting platforms 4, preparation for connecting flexible pipelines 6 and fixing the platforms 4 on the surface of the fire fighting facility using the indicated devices. The same or another rescuer prepares distribution, installation and connects the piping 6 to the fittings 21 of the distribution nodes 3 of the pressure head fire hose 1. He also evaluates the most effective fire extinguishing places for punching holes with a trench tool in the roof 20 or other ceilings through which flexible metal pipes are pushed 6 with tips 7 deluge water sprayers, providing the creation of a water curtain to save people at risk and extinguish fires. Then the RTP instructs the driver of the tanker 13 to supply water to the places of ignition. One of the firefighters, using the indicated trench tool, if necessary, can make inspection openings in the ceilings for reconnaissance and monitoring the course of extinguishing fires.

The calculations carried out by the authors related to the use of the proposed technical solution showed that in most cases, pressure hoses with a diameter of 51 mm are sufficient to extinguish small fires. The implementation of a more efficient water-consumption prefabricated tubing system with a pressure fire hose with an internal diameter of 125 mm or more is associated with something other than that indicated in FIG. 1, the distribution of the number and length of sections, the number of distribution nodes 3 and flexible piping 6 with deluge tips 7. These changes are due, on the one hand, to the power of the pump, which on different fire engines have different performance and pressure. On the other hand, the length of the hose line changes, on which pressure loss can reach one atmosphere per 100 meters horizontally and one atmosphere for every 10 meters vertically. It is also necessary to take into account the pressure drop at the water passage in the hose branch and distribution nodes, but if the feed fire pump has a large capacity, then in this case several prefabricated hose systems can be powered.

Installation time of the fire pump-hose system in the form of a pressure fire hose from several series-connected sections to the working position on the roof of the building and fastening of the supporting platforms 4 and distribution units 3 to the roof surface 20, using the indicated devices, together with the wiring to the ignition centers 19 of the flexible pipelines 6 with deluge water sprayers, for one experienced rescuer it will be about ten to fifteen minutes, depending on the complexity of the situation and the intensity of the open flame escaping onto the roof from the premises of the upper floors of the building. For two rescuers, this time can be significantly less. At the same time, the time spent by the victims in safe conditions under the protection of the water curtain can be many tens of minutes until the organization of the rescue of all victims by the forces of the newly arrived fire brigades.

The functioning of the proposed fire pump-hose system to prevent the spread and localization of the fire is possible in other variants provided by the inventive concept.

Example 2. In case of fires inside and outside the building when part or all of the roof surface collapses, the installation and fixing of parts and assemblies of the proposed pump-hose system is carried out directly on the vertical surface of the building wall from the side of the collapse zone by driving hooks into the wall surface (or by ringing parts wall mounting chain - not shown). Then, by rearranging the stairs, firefighters make fixing on the wall of the first and subsequent sections of the proposed pump-hose system. At the end of the fastening of the pump-hose system, the RTP gives the command to the personnel to supply water (foam) and monitors the course of the quenching.

Example 3. In the event of fires inside and outside the building when part or all of the roof surface collapses, the installation and fastening of parts and assemblies of the proposed pump-hose system is carried out using cables (not shown) fixed to the horizontal surface of the upper part of the building walls. The ends of the cables are carried around the building by firefighters manually, using a cranked elevator, a fire truck crane or using other automatic systems. The ends of the cables on one side of the wall of the building are fixed by driving hooks into the surface of the wall (or by ringing parts of the wall with a fastening chain). Further, the ends of the cables are pushed into the eyebolts, rings or carbines of the supporting platforms, and their other ends are fixed on the opposite side of the wall. Next, the cable is tensioned, for example, by the lanyard mechanism, after which the pump-hose system is pulled over the collapse zone by manual or mechanical tension of the cables or rescue ropes using standard emergency vehicle winches from the opposite wall of the building. At the end of the fastening of the proposed pump-hose system, the RTP instructs the personnel to supply the extinguishing agent and monitors the progress of the fire fighting.

Example 4. In the case of fires inside and outside the building, the setting and fixing of parts and assemblies of the proposed pump-hose system is carried out directly on the vertical surface of the wall under the windows of the building by fixing the hooks to the corners of the window opening from the inside of the building. Then, by rearranging the stairs, firefighters fix on the wall of the first and subsequent sections of the pump-hose system. At the end of the fastening of the proposed pump-hose system, the RTP gives the command to the personnel to supply water (foam), and monitors the fire extinguishing.

Example 5. In the event of a fire inside the premises, parts and components of the tubing system are installed and fixed on the floor of the premises inside the building. Upon arrival at the fire site, the RTP assesses the situation and instructs personnel to deploy this fire-technical weapon. Further, the process of deploying the system and extinguishing fires is carried out similarly as in examples 1 and 2. At the same time, rescuers connect the sections of the working line, enter the room, lay the working line indoors on the floor surface, ringing the burning room, after which the RTP is given a command to supply water.

Example 6. In the event of a fire inside the room, the parts and components of the pump-hose system are divided into separate, independent from each other lines and connected to separate water supply sources, for example, to fire hydrants indoors.

Example 7. In the event of a fire inside and outside the building when part or all of the roof surface collapses, the setting and fixing of parts and assemblies of the proposed pump-hose system is carried out simultaneously indoors in the building and on the vertical surface of the building wall in the same way as described in example 2.

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the use of the proposed fire pumping system, in accordance with the inventive concept, is possible to extinguish and localize various types of fire in the following scenarios for the combat deployment of fire crews:

- in the case of burning indoors, by setting and fixing the nodes and parts of the system on the roof of the building;

- in case of burning inside and outside the building when part or all of the roof surface collapses by setting and fixing the system parts on the vertical surface of the building wall;

- in the case of indoor combustion by setting the system parts on the floor of the premises;

- in the case of indoor combustion, it is also possible to separate the system parts into separate, independent from each other modules and connect them to separate water sources (for example, to fire hydrants indoors).

For local or local displacement of water-filled pressure hoses of the proposed system within the fire extinguishing facility in the future, it is also possible to use modern hardware based on the use of robotic, helicopter or other devices by mobile transportation of individual parts of the specified hose system.

Thus, the proposed technical solution provides an increase in the efficiency of the use of a partitioned pressure fire hose to prevent the spread of open flame and localize the fire in buildings and structures. At the same time, it is possible to significantly reduce the extinguishing time of many fire sources, increase the convenience and simplify the operating conditions of the fire fighting pump-hose system. An additional result is to increase the safety level of rescuers and the possible reduction in the quantitative composition of fire crews when using the proposed invention. The ability to provide simultaneous fire extinguishing in several fire sources allows the use of the typical conditional names for the proposed fire pumping system: Octopus, Octopus and Kraken.

To assess the possible extent of application and the expected effect of the use of the proposed invention, we present some previously mentioned information about fire statistics in recent years. According to the Office of Supervisory Activities of the regional centers of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia (see http://wiki-fire.org/) for 2013, 152.959 fires were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, while 10.548 people died, including 499 children. Injured 11.076 people. Material damage amounted to 13.2 billion rubles. Every day, 424 fires occurred in Russia, in which 29 people died and 30 people were injured. The main damaging factors of the fire, as you know, include: open fire, sparks, smoke, thermal radiation, increased temperature of the environment and objects, low oxygen content in the air of the fire zone, toxic combustion products, potential explosion, psychological stress, stress, panic of people. The main injuries in a fire, respectively, are: thermal burn, suffocation, poisoning, nervous shock. An effective means of ensuring the safety of people in a fire is their evacuation from the danger zone, which is carried out by firefighters together with rescuers. As a result of the actions of fire departments in 2013, 91.349 people were saved.

The use of the proposed invention, as shown above, significantly increases the efficiency of the fire safety departments and can be recommended for widespread use in the departments of regional centers and services of the Ministry of Emergencies in order to reduce the negative consequences of fires.

Claims (9)

1. Fire pump and hose system containing a pressure fire hose, connecting heads, stopcocks and means for supplying water or extinguishing substance under pressure to the fire through removable metal nozzles, characterized in that the pressure fire hose is made up of 2-10 adjacent sections, between the connecting heads of which a distribution unit with mating connecting heads and a supporting platform made of a fire-resistant construction material is installed, in the middle part of the distribution unit perpendicular to the axis there is a branch in the form of a transitional straight or L-shaped fitting with a stopcock and a connecting head for connecting the side branches in the form of a flexible pipe in its main part made of flame-retardant material with a conditional diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressure head fire hose for supplying water to fire sources remote from the distribution unit through a replaceable nozzle in the form of an atomizer or deluge spray gun I, located at the end of the flexible pipe, and the outlet in the middle part of the distribution unit is made with the possibility of rotation to the angle specified by the fire fighting conditions, followed by fixing in a plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the axis of the distribution unit, the first section of the pressure head fire hose is connected through an auxiliary fire hose and the main hose branch to the main hose line, at the end of the last section of the pressure head fire hose there is an end distribution unit with an end cap and a tap for connecting a side branch of this type, and the base of the support platform is equipped with at least one device for attaching the platform to a horizontal, inclined or vertical surface of the fire fighting facility. 2. Fire pump and hose system according to claim 1, characterized in that the typical sections of the pressure head hose are made to a standard nominal diameter of up to 125 mm in the range of section sizes in the range of 1-20 m, and the flexible pipe is made with a nominal diameter smaller than the diameter pressure fire hose, and a length in the range of 2-10 m. 3. Fire-fighting pump-hose system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the support platforms is made in plan in the form of a rectangular or other stable support configuration, and in cross section, mainly in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, triangle, rectangle or arc. 4. Fire-fighting pump-hose system according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution unit is mounted on a support platform, mainly in the form of quick-release mounting clamps or fixing grips, and the outlet in the middle part of the distribution unit is equipped with a pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure in the system. 5. Fire-fighting pump-hose system according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for mounting the platform on the surface of the fire extinguishing object includes at least one means of adhesion to the surface in the form of a hook, carbine, staple, wedge or screw, which is through a chain , a cable, a loop or a rod is connected to an eye bolt, ring or carbine located on the base of the support platform. 6. Fire fighting pumping system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the supporting platforms is equipped with a removable device for its local movement within the fire extinguishing object, made mainly in the form of rollers, wheels or skids. 7. Fire-fighting pump-hose system according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible pipe in the end part contains a removable tip made in the form of a direct or L-shaped fitting, at the outlet of which there is a nozzle, nozzle or deluge sprayer, and the fitting is made with the possibility of rotation relative to the tip, and the tip body is equipped with a device for mounting on the surface of the fire extinguishing object. 8. Fire fighting pumping system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for supplying an air-foam fire-extinguishing composition to the pressure head of the fire hose using a foam generator. 9. The fire pump and hose system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains means for supplying an air-foam solution with additives for degassing and / or deactivating hazardous chemicals released during a fire and / or chemical accident to the inlet of the pressure head of the fire hose.

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