GB879950A - Polyether-polyacid products and method therefor - Google Patents
Polyether-polyacid products and method thereforInfo
- Publication number
- GB879950A GB879950A GB1018358A GB1018358A GB879950A GB 879950 A GB879950 A GB 879950A GB 1018358 A GB1018358 A GB 1018358A GB 1018358 A GB1018358 A GB 1018358A GB 879950 A GB879950 A GB 879950A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- products
- oxides
- average
- polyether
- polyacid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- -1 polytrimethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UVSYOFPXSA-N (3s,5r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound COC1OC(CO)[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H]1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UVSYOFPXSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1(C)CO1 GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical class CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl beta-galactoside Natural products COC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C08G81/024—Block or graft polymers containing sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F and of polymers of C08G
- C08G81/025—Block or graft polymers containing sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F and of polymers of C08G containing polyether sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L35/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US65009257A | 1957-04-02 | 1957-04-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB879950A true GB879950A (en) | 1961-10-11 |
Family
ID=24607423
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1018358A Expired GB879950A (en) | 1957-04-02 | 1958-03-31 | Polyether-polyacid products and method therefor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE571756A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
CH (1) | CH392068A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
DE (1) | DE1100950B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
FR (1) | FR1204449A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
GB (1) | GB879950A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
NL (2) | NL111374C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0187391A3 (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1989-01-04 | Ernst Prof. Dr. Bayer | Graft polymers from cross-linked polymers and polyoxyethylene, their preparation and use |
US5278303A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-01-11 | University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation | Polymer-supported solution synthesis of oligosaccharides |
WO1995009821A3 (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-05-04 | Grace W R & Co | Improved cement admixture product having improved rheological properties and process of forming same |
US5616698A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1997-04-01 | University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation | Polymer-supported solution synthesis of oligosaccharides |
WO1999047468A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-09-23 | Lafarge S.A. | Dispersant hydrosoluble ou hydrodispersable pour compositions de ciment et suspensions aqueuses de particules minerales, et adjuvants contenant un tel dispersant |
WO2000035961A1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-06-22 | Rhodia Inc. | Polymers which exhibit thermothickening properties and process making same |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1149895B (de) * | 1961-04-10 | 1963-06-06 | Engis Equipment Company | Polymere AEther als Traeger fuer Edelsteinteilchen in Schleifpasten |
CH582781B5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1974-10-24 | 1976-12-15 | Sandoz Ag | |
US4788122A (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1988-11-29 | Kao Corporation | Production of polyester and elecrophotographic toner containing the same |
DE3522078A1 (de) * | 1985-06-20 | 1987-01-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Gel mit temperaturabhaengiger lichtdurchlaessigkeit, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung |
US4743244A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1988-05-10 | Arco Chemical Company | Water absorbing polymer compositions and articles prepared therefrom |
IT1270705B (it) * | 1994-11-17 | 1997-05-07 | 3V Sigma Spa | Composizioni addensanti. |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1144274A (fr) * | 1955-02-17 | 1957-10-11 | Us Rubber Co | Perfectionnements aux résines synthétiques |
-
0
- NL NL226509D patent/NL226509A/xx unknown
- NL NL111374D patent/NL111374C/xx active
- BE BE571756D patent/BE571756A/xx unknown
-
1958
- 1958-03-31 FR FR1204449D patent/FR1204449A/fr not_active Expired
- 1958-03-31 CH CH5777358A patent/CH392068A/fr unknown
- 1958-03-31 GB GB1018358A patent/GB879950A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-04-01 DE DEU5248A patent/DE1100950B/de active Pending
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0187391A3 (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1989-01-04 | Ernst Prof. Dr. Bayer | Graft polymers from cross-linked polymers and polyoxyethylene, their preparation and use |
US5278303A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-01-11 | University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation | Polymer-supported solution synthesis of oligosaccharides |
WO1995009821A3 (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-05-04 | Grace W R & Co | Improved cement admixture product having improved rheological properties and process of forming same |
US5728207A (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1998-03-17 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Cement admixture product having improved rheological properties and process of forming same |
US5616698A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1997-04-01 | University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation | Polymer-supported solution synthesis of oligosaccharides |
WO1999047468A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-09-23 | Lafarge S.A. | Dispersant hydrosoluble ou hydrodispersable pour compositions de ciment et suspensions aqueuses de particules minerales, et adjuvants contenant un tel dispersant |
FR2776285A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-09-24 | Chryso | Dispersant hydrosoluble ou hydrodispersable pour compositions de ciment et suspensions aqueuses de particules minerales, et adjuvants contenant un tel dispersant |
WO2000035961A1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-06-22 | Rhodia Inc. | Polymers which exhibit thermothickening properties and process making same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH392068A (fr) | 1965-05-15 |
BE571756A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
NL226509A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
NL111374C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
FR1204449A (fr) | 1960-01-26 |
DE1100950B (de) | 1961-03-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
GB879950A (en) | Polyether-polyacid products and method therefor | |
JPS54150458A (en) | Polyester composition | |
JPS555934A (en) | Polyacetal resin composition | |
JPS5611906A (en) | Photo-insolubilizable polyvinyl alcohol derivative and its preparation | |
GB869117A (en) | Improvements in and relating to stabilising ethylene oxide polymers or copolymers | |
GB1343188A (en) | Preparation of methylol melamines and etherified methylol melamines therefrom | |
ZA804147B (en) | Acetylacetoxyalkyl-allyl ethers, their manufacture and use | |
JPS54131649A (en) | Agricultural film | |
GB852947A (en) | Polymerisation of alkylene oxides | |
KR870700082A (ko) | 유동성이 증진된 분말형 아조안료의 제조방법 및 이의 용도 | |
GB1019069A (en) | Copolymers | |
JPS5672006A (en) | Novel copolymer and production thereof | |
GB653239A (en) | Process for the manufacture of vinyl alcohol polymerisates of low degree of polymerisation | |
JPS559612A (en) | Cross-linked polyethylene resin film | |
JPS5678837A (en) | Hardening method of resist film | |
GB887353A (en) | Improvements in the production of hot-rolled thin sheets and films from polymers of vinyl chloride | |
US2216461A (en) | Polyvinyl acetal resin sheets containing the ethyl ether of diethylene glycol succinate | |
GB676891A (en) | Process for the preparation of ª‡-glycols and their derivatives | |
US2197421A (en) | Polyvinyl acetal resin composition containing tetrahydrofurfuryl tetrahydrofuroate | |
GB874130A (en) | Improvements in and relating to copolymers | |
JPS54129099A (en) | Thermosetting resin composition | |
GB978543A (en) | Improvements in and relating to polyacrolein bisulphite adducts | |
GB870457A (en) | Improvements in and relating to the preparation of polyoxyalkylene compounds | |
JPS5525429A (en) | Adhesive | |
JPS5512156A (en) | Copolymerization of epoxy compound with carbon dioxide |