GB585799A - Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of shortenings and food compositions produced therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

Soaps are prepared by saponifying untreated, elaidinated or hydrogenated jojoba nut oil. The saponification of the untreated oil may be hastened by emulsifying the oil, before saponification, with some saponified substance, for example the soaps of jojoba nut oil fatty acids obtained in a previous saponification. Alternatively, the saponification of the untreated or hydrogenated oil may be facilitated by adding to the oil, before saponification, a little of the elaidinated oil. If desired, a mixture of the untreated oil and the elaidinated oil may be hydrogenated and then saponified. In the case of the elaidinated oil, the saponified fatty acids, obtained as a result of the saponification, may be hydrogenated. In an example, the untreated, elaidinated or hydrogenated jojoba nut oil is treated with an aqueous saponifying agent comprising sodium hydroxide, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and calcium carbonate. The alcohols obtained are distilled off while the residue of soaps may be converted to the fatty acids, preferably by acidifying with mineral acid, and the fatty acids may then be re-saponified to give metal soaps. Hydrogenated jojoba nut oil may be prepared by mixing jojoba nut oil with activated nickel, kieselguhr and carbon and then hydrogenating.ALSO:Alcohols are prepared by saponifying untreated, elaidinated or hydrogenated jojoba nut oil. The saponification of the untreated oil may be hastened by emulsifying the oil, before saponification, with some saponified substance, for example the soaps of jojoba nut oil fatty acids obtained in a previous saponification. Alternatively, the saponification of the untreated or hydrogenated oil may be facilitated by adding to the oil, before saponification, a little of the elaidinated oil. If desired, a mixture of the untreated oil and the elaidinated oil may be hydrogenated and then saponified. In the case of the elaidinated oil, the alcohols and saponfiied fatty acids, obtained as a result of the saponification, may be hydrogenated. In an example, the untreated, elaidinated or hydrogenated jojoba nut oil is treated with an aqueous saponifying agent comprising sodium hydroxide, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and calcium carbonate. The alcohols obtained are distilled off while the residue of soaps may be converted to the fatty acids, preferably by acidifying with mineral acid, and the fatty acids may be re-esterified with glycerol or glycol.ALSO:A shortening, particularly suitable for incorporation in cake batters, comprises one or more fats or fatty oils together with a small proportion of untreated, elaidinated or hydrogenated jojoba nut oil or untreated, elaidinated or hydrogenated jojoba nut alcohol or any mixture of these jojoba nut products. A suitable fat is hydrogenated cottonseed oil. If desired, a fat composition containing hydrogenated jojoba nut alcohol may be produced by incorporating jojoba nut alcohol in cottonseed or soyabean oil and then hydrogenating the mixture.