GB2365936A - An apparatus for the sealing of drive shafts - Google Patents
An apparatus for the sealing of drive shafts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2365936A GB2365936A GB0119900A GB0119900A GB2365936A GB 2365936 A GB2365936 A GB 2365936A GB 0119900 A GB0119900 A GB 0119900A GB 0119900 A GB0119900 A GB 0119900A GB 2365936 A GB2365936 A GB 2365936A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- accordance
- inner sleeve
- region
- oil
- drive shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/18—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for elastic or plastic packings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/32—Other parts
- B63H23/321—Bearings or seals specially adapted for propeller shafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/002—Sealings comprising at least two sealings in succession
- F16J15/004—Sealings comprising at least two sealings in succession forming of recuperation chamber for the leaking fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/162—Special parts or details relating to lubrication or cooling of the sealing itself
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
Aa apparatus for the sealing of drive shafts includes an inner sleeve 7 which guides the drive shaft 1. The inner sleeve 7 is in turn guided in an outer sleeve (6 in Figs 1 and 2) provided with an inner diameter which is dimensioned to be larger than an outer diameter of the drive shaft 1 to be guided. The inner sleeve 7 has at least one oil- or grease-passage 17 which is provided with at least one outlet opening 18 in the region of the inner side 12 of the inner sleeve 7 and which can be connected to an oil or grease forwarding device.
Description
2365936 B 3937 - R/di
Description
Apparatus for the sealing of drive shafts The invention relates to an apparatus for the sealing of drive shafts which has an inner sleeve which guides the drive shaft and is guided in an outer sleeve and which has an inner diameter which is dimensioned larger than an outer diameter of the drive shaft to be guided.
Such apparatuses are used in order to guide drive shafts of ships in the region of their lead-out through the wall of a ship and in order to ensure an adequate seal. A typical embodiment is designed such that the outer sleeve is rigidly bolted to the ship's structure and that ring-like seal elements are held by the outer sleeve and bring about a sealing of the outer sleeve relative to the inner sleeve and simultaneously enable mobility of the inner sleeve relative to the outer sleeve. The inner sleeve has a flange for the mounting to the ship's propeller.
As a rule a narrow ring gap extends between the inner sleeve and the drive shaft. In particular when carrying out repair work under water with an extraction of the inner sleeve from the drive shaft and the subsequent replacement sea water penetrates in the region of the gap between the inner sleeve and the drive shaft and causes gap corrosion. Effective methods of hindering such gap corrosion have not so far become known. Moreover, the inner sleeve cannot be aligned to the drive shaft under water.
Neuanm:B:B3937u The object of the invention is to design an apparatus of the initially named kind in such a way that a 100% protection against corrosion can be achieved and an alignment of the inner sleeve under water is possible.
This object is satisfied in accordance with the invention in that the inner sleeve has at least one passage which is provided with at least one outlet opening in the region of an inner side of the inner sleeve and which can be connected to an oil or grease forwarding device.
Through the arrangement of the passage it is possible, with the aid of the oil- or grease forwarding device, to forward oil or grease into the region of the gap between the drive shaft and the inner sleeve and through the oil or grease to displace water which may be present in the region of the ringgap. As result of the relatively narrow dimensioning of the ring-gap the oil or grease prevents renewed penetration of water into the gap in the long term.
A giving of direction can take place while displacing disturbing media between the inner sleeve and the drive shaft in that the outlet opening of the oil or greasepassage is positioned in a region of the inner sleeve which is arranged adjacent the ship's propeller.
Another variant consists in positioning the outlet opening of the oil- or grease-passage in a region of the inner sleeve which is disposed remote from the ship's propeller.
A two-sided displacement is facilitated if the outlet opening of the oil or grease passage is disposed in a central region of the inner sleeve in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft.
An improved accessibility for the displacement medium to achieve an ideal displacement action can be facilitated if the inner sleeve is provided in a region of its inner side facing the drive shaft with an inner recess which is bounded by radial webs.
A uniform oil or grease distribution can also be facilitated if the inner recess has a shape corresponding to a cylinder jacket.
A further improvement of the displacement can be achieved by the use of scraping processes in that at least one displacement element is guided in the region of the inner recess.
An embodiment which is particularly simple to realise design-wise is made available in that the displacement element has a ring-like shape.
A support of the inner sleeve in the region of its two ends is achieved in that two displacement elements are arranged in the region of the inner recess.
In order to improve the sealing action and also the alignment action of the sleeve relative to the shaft it is proposed that at least one of the displacement elements should have a taper, the inclination of which relative to the shaft axis corresponds to the inclination of an inclined flank of the inner recess.
An uncontrolled emergence of displacement medium from the region between the inner sleeve and the drive shaft can be prevented in that a seal is arranged in the region of at least one of the radial webs.
An embodiment which can be realised particularly economically is made available in that the seal is formed as an O-ring.
An areal support is assisted by the fact that the seal is formed as a guide band.
A very high displacement intensity of disturbing media can be achieved, even when manufacturing tolerances have arisen, if the displacement element is provided with at least one seal.
An improved sealing action can be achieved in that the displacement element has two seals at each of two mutually remote sides.
In a typical embodiment the inner sleeve is mounted on a ship's propeller.
Embodiments of the invention are schematically illustrated in the drawing. There are shown:
Fig. I an illustration of a principle of a passage of a drive shaft of a ship through the outer wall of the ship, Fig. 2 an enlarged representation of the detail II in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a partial illustration of a longitudinal section of an inner sleeve with drive shaft in which a displacement element is displaceably guided along the gap between the inner sleeve and the drive shaft, Fig. 4 a representation similar to Fig. 3 with a changed course of an oil or grease passage within the inner sleeve, Fig. 5 a further embodiment in which two translatable displacement elements are provided, Fig. 6 an embodiment similar to Fig. 5 in which the displacement elements are however provided with guide-chamfers, and Fig. 7 an embodiment similar to the representation in Fig. 6 with further modified displacement elements.
In accordance with the embodiment in Fig. I a drive shaft (1) is guided through a ship's structure (2). In the region of an interior space (3) of the ship the drive shaft (1) is sealed and guided by a mounting sleeve (4) . An outer sleeve (6) is arranged in the region of an outer side (5) of the ship's structure (2) and rigidly connected to the ship's structure (2) .
An inner sleeve (7) is guided within the outer sleeve (6) and is mounted on a ship's propeller (8). The inner sleeve (7) is in this arrangement pushed on to an outer segment (9) of the drive shaft (1) which projects out of the ship's str-ucture (2) at the outer side.
Fig. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the detail Il in Fig. 1. It is in particular recognisable that a plurality of sealing elements (10) is held by the outer sleeve (6) which act on the inner sleeve (7). In this way a high sealing action can be achieved even with an inner sleeve (7) which rotates together with the drive shaft (1), with the outer sleeve (6) being simultaneously stationary. Moreover, it can be recognised from Fig. 2 that a gap (11) extends between the drive shaft (1) and the inner sleeve (7).
In accordance with the embodiment in Fig. 3 the inner sleeve (7) is provided in the region of its inner side (12) facing the drive shaft (1) with an inner recess (13). The inner recess (13) is bounded in the direction of a longitudinal axis (14) of a shaft by an inner radial web (15) and also by an outer radial web (16). The ring-gap (11) extends between the inner radial web (15) and the drive shaft (1) essentially with a dimension in accordance with the prior art. A spacing between the outer radial web (16) and the drive shaft (1) is made larger in comparison to the distance between the inner radial web (15) and the drive shaft (1).
At least one oil or grease passage (17) extends through the inner sleeve (7) and can be connected via non-illustrated connection lines to an associated oil- or grease forwarding device. The oil or grease passage (17) is provided with an outlet opening (18) arranged facing the drive shaft (1). With an activation of the oil or grease forwarding device oil or grease is forwarded to the outlet opening (18) via the oil or grease passage (17) and displaces water located in the region of the ring-gap (11).
The displacement of the water out of the region of the ring-gap (11) can be intensified and above all made more uniform, when a displacement element (19) is displacebly guided in the region of the inner recess (11) in the direction of the shaft's longitudinal axis (14). Attention has in particular been paid to designing the displacement element (19) in ringlike manner and contacting the drive shaft (1).
Fig. 3 shows the displacement element (19) in a basic position in which the displacement element (19) is arranged at a small spacing from the outlet opening (18). The oil or grease passage (17) is in this embodiment positioned in the region of mounting flange (20) of the inner sleeve (7) so that the outlet opening (18) is localised relatively close to the inner radial web (15). The inner radial web (15) is provided in this arrangement with a seal (2 1) which extends between the inner radial web (15) and the drive shaft (1). The displacement element (19) has seals both in the region of its surface facing the drive shaft (1) and also in the region of its surfaces facing the inner side (12) of the inner sleeve (7). The seals (22) can for example be formed as O-rings.
In the illustrated embodiment respective seals (22) are arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis (14) of the shaft in the region of the front end and of the rear end of the displacement element (19) on both sides of the displacement element (19), so that the four seals (22) define essentially corner points of a rectangle in the cross-sectional drawing that is shown.
In addition to the basic positioning of the displacement element (9) shown in continuous lines, Fig. 3 likewise shows in broken lines the positioning of the displacement element (19) after conclusion of the positioning procedure. Through the loading with oil or grease the displacement elements (19) would be pressed in this arrangement towards the outer radial web (16) and all water which may possibly have been present in the region of the ring-gap (11) or of the inner recess (13) has been pressed through the spacing between the outer radial web (16) and the drive shaft (1).
Fig. 4 shows a modified embodiment in which the oil- or grease-passage (17) is arranged with its outlet opening (18) in the region of the outer radial web (16). In this embodiment the spacing between the outer radial web (16) and the drive shaft (1) is made smaller than the distance between the inner radial web (15) and the drive shaft (1). In the region of the inner radial web (15) no sealing takes place; however, a seal (23) is instead positioned between the outer radial web (16) and the drive shaft (1). The technical operation takes place similarly to the embodiment of Fig. 2, there is simply a reversed direction of motion of the displacement element (19).
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the outlet opening (18) of the oil- or grease-passage (17) opens into a central region of the extent of the inner sleeve (7) along the longitudinal axis (14) of the shaft into the inner recess (13). Two displacement elements (19) are provided which are again arranged in a starting state at a small distance from the outlet opening (18) and can be displaced, on pressure loading with oil or grease, in the direction of the radial webs (15, 16) by the after-flowing oil or grease. Through the use of two displacement elements (19) a support of the inner sleeve (7) relative to the drive shaft (10) takes place in the region of the two radial webs (15, 16) and thus separate seals can be dispensed with in the region of radial webs (15, 16).
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment similar that of Fig. 5. The displacement elements (19) have tapers here in the region of their ends remote from the outlet opening (18) to which corresponds a corresponding inclination of the inner side (12) in the region of the inner recess (13). Through this wedge-shape a clamping of the inner sleeve (7), of the displacement elements (19) and of the drive shaft (1) relative to another takes place after pushing the displacement elements (19) in the direction of the radial webs (15, 16) and in this way an improved alignment of the sleeve can be achieved. The seals (22) of the displacement elements (19) are positioned in this embodiment in the region of the half of the displacement elements (19) adjacent the outlet opening (18).
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment which has been modified once again in comparison to the embodiment of Fig. 6 in which the displacement elements (19) are made shorter in the direction of the longitudinal axis (14) of the shaft. Tapers (24) of the displacement elements (19) and also inclined flanks (25) of the end regions of the inner recess (13) corresponding to them are provided in this arrangement with a more pronounced inclination relative to the longitudinal axis (14) of the shaft than in the embodiment of Pig. 6. Through this pronounced inclination the sealing element (22) in the region of the displacement elements (19) can be dispensed with, since the wedging actions which arise in the region of the tapers (24) and of the inclined flanks (25) bring about both an effective seal and also an alignment of the inner sleeve (7) relative to the drive shaft (1).
The displacement elements (19) can also be elastic in the this arrangement, for example formed as PU-rings which can be pressed for the adjustment and locking over cams (26, 27) provided in the recess (13).
Claims (16)
1 Apparatus for the sealing of drive shafts which has an inner sleeve guiding the drive shaft, with the inner sleeve being guided in an outer sleeve and having an inner diameter which is dimensioned larger than an outer diameter of the drive shaft to be guided, char acterised in that the inner sleeve (7) has at least one oil or grease passage (17) which is provided with an outlet opening (18) in the re gion of an inner side (12) of the inner sleeve (7) and which can be connected to an oil or grease forwarding device.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the outlet opening (18) of the oil or grease passage (17) is positioned in a region of the inner sleeve (7) which is arranged adjacent the ship's propeller (8).
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the outlet opening (18) of the oil or grease passage (17) is positi oned in a region of the inner sleeve (7) which is arranged remote from the ship's propeller (8).
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the outlet opening (18) of the oil or grease passage (17) is arranged in a central region of the inner sleeve (7) in the direction of a longitudinal axis (14) of the shaft.
5. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims I to 4, characterised in that the inner sleeve (7) is provided in the region of its inner side (12) confronting the drive shaft (1) with an inner recess (13) which is restricted by radial webs (15, 16).
6. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the inner recess (13) has a shape corresponding to a cylinder jacket.
7. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least one displacement element (19) is guided in the region of the inner recess (13).
8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 7, characterised in that the displacement element (19) has a ring-like shape.
9. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that two displacement elements (19) are arranged in the region of the inner recess (13).
10. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that at least one of the displacement elements (19) has a taper (24) the inclination of which relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft (14) corresponds to the inclination of an inclined flank (25) of the inner recess (13).
11. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a seal (21, 23) is arranged in the region of at least one of the radial webs (15, 16).
12. Apparatus in accordance with claim 11, characterised in that the seal (21, 23) is formed as an O-ring.
13. Apparatus in accordance with claim 11, characterised in that the seal (21, 23) is formed as a guide band.
14. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the displacement element (19) is provided with at least one seal (22).
15. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims I to 14, characterised in that the displacement element (19) has in each case two seals (22) on sides remote from another.
16. Apparatus in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the inner sleeve (7) is mounted on a ship's propeller (8).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10040211A DE10040211C2 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2000-08-17 | Device for sealing drive shafts |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0119900D0 GB0119900D0 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
| GB2365936A true GB2365936A (en) | 2002-02-27 |
| GB2365936B GB2365936B (en) | 2002-10-02 |
Family
ID=7652740
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0119900A Expired - Fee Related GB2365936B (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2001-08-15 | Apparatus for the sealing of a drive shaft for a propeller of a ship |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020090865A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002122125A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100712128B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1299032C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10040211C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2365936B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1018780C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101266944B1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2013-05-30 | (주) 기홍 | Molding machine for manufacturing refuse derived fuel |
| CN102619981B (en) * | 2012-03-24 | 2014-08-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一〇研究所 | Dynamic sealing device for long-endurance watertight counter rotating motor |
| CN104067037B (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2016-10-26 | 伊格尔工业股份有限公司 | Stern shaft sealing |
| CN103939615B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-01-04 | 广西华锡集团股份有限公司再生资源分公司 | Shaking table eccentric gearing shaft sealer |
| CN104265907A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-07 | 邢宇 | Convection cooling of double mechanical sealing medium side friction pair |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3902726A (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1975-09-02 | Chuetsu Waukesha Co Ltd | Stern tube sealing device |
| US5624290A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1997-04-29 | Blohm + Voss Holding Ag | Seal arrangement for propeller shafts of ships |
| US5795198A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1998-08-18 | Pedone; Antonio | Floating seal for high rotational speed propeller shafts with integrated forced oil circulation generator and safety devices |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB597002A (en) * | 1944-08-10 | 1948-01-15 | Ettore Bugatti | Propeller shaft bearing assembly for ships |
| US2746779A (en) * | 1953-03-12 | 1956-05-22 | United Centrifugal Pumps | Seal structure |
| IT969356B (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1974-03-30 | Kaller S | LOCKING DEVICE |
| AU503985B2 (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1979-09-27 | Crane Packing Ltd. | Steen seat for ships |
| US4344630A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1982-08-17 | Imre Veres | Sealingly mounting arrangement for propeller shafts of watercraft |
| DE3143866A1 (en) * | 1981-11-05 | 1983-05-11 | Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Ag Hamburg Und Kiel, 2300 Kiel | SEALING ARRANGEMENT WITH A RADIAL SLIDING RING |
| GB2166814B (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1988-03-09 | Nl Industries Inc | Axially compressible rotary shaft seal |
| JPS62125695A (en) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-06 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Manufacture of electric circuit forming substrate |
| JPS62196800A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-08-31 | 富士電機株式会社 | Vehicle type discriminator |
| JP2820436B2 (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1998-11-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Intermediate bearing structure for marine contra-rotating propeller shaft |
| DE4232753C2 (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 2001-03-08 | Blohm & Voss Ind Gmbh | Lubrication system for sealing propeller drives for ships with two counter-rotating propellers arranged concentrically to each other |
| JP2858193B2 (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1999-02-17 | 三井造船株式会社 | Contra-rotating propeller device |
| GB2333331A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-07-21 | Lewis Patrick | A marine propeller shaft seal |
-
2000
- 2000-08-17 DE DE10040211A patent/DE10040211C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-08-14 JP JP2001246266A patent/JP2002122125A/en active Pending
- 2001-08-15 GB GB0119900A patent/GB2365936B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-16 KR KR1020010049186A patent/KR100712128B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-17 NL NL1018780A patent/NL1018780C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-17 CN CNB011339578A patent/CN1299032C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-17 US US09/932,272 patent/US20020090865A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3902726A (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1975-09-02 | Chuetsu Waukesha Co Ltd | Stern tube sealing device |
| US5624290A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1997-04-29 | Blohm + Voss Holding Ag | Seal arrangement for propeller shafts of ships |
| US5795198A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1998-08-18 | Pedone; Antonio | Floating seal for high rotational speed propeller shafts with integrated forced oil circulation generator and safety devices |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10040211A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
| CN1363791A (en) | 2002-08-14 |
| KR100712128B1 (en) | 2007-04-27 |
| KR20020014726A (en) | 2002-02-25 |
| CN1299032C (en) | 2007-02-07 |
| DE10040211C2 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
| GB2365936B (en) | 2002-10-02 |
| GB0119900D0 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
| NL1018780C2 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
| JP2002122125A (en) | 2002-04-26 |
| US20020090865A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20130815 |