GB2045810A - Preheating substrates prior to coating to remove hydrogen - Google Patents
Preheating substrates prior to coating to remove hydrogen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2045810A GB2045810A GB8009691A GB8009691A GB2045810A GB 2045810 A GB2045810 A GB 2045810A GB 8009691 A GB8009691 A GB 8009691A GB 8009691 A GB8009691 A GB 8009691A GB 2045810 A GB2045810 A GB 2045810A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- article
- coating layer
- articles
- metal surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical group [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for exam ple Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0209—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
- C21D3/06—Extraction of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
Abstract
In a method for coating articles having a metallic surface by applying a hard surface coating e.g. by chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition, at temperatures below 400 DEG C., onto an electrochemically and/or chemically produced metal layer (electroless plating), the article is heated to 100 DEG C. - 400 DEG C. for 2 to 24 hours prior to coating to remove hydrogen from the surface. The coated article has a pleasing appearance and a high scratch, abrasion and corrosion resistance. The coating is particularly suited for decorative articles, watch movements, watch bands, watch crowns, surgical and optical instruments, cigarette lighters, ball-point pens and tools.
Description
SPECIFICATION
An improved method for coating articles having a metallic surface and a coated article obtained thereby
This invention relates to an improved method for coating articles having a metallic surface with a hard coating layer, and a coated article obtained thereby.
It is known to apply coatings of nitride- carbideand boride-containing or similar hard materials on various articles. The most important methods which have been used for this purpose are the CVD method (chemical vapor deposition) and the PVD method (physical vapor deposition).
With these methods, it is possible to achieve a sufficient and lasting adhesion of the surface coating layer on the base or substrate only if coating temperatures of higher than 300"C., advantageously of hither than 400"C. are used. It is a disadvantage of these methods that locally high temperatures occur on the surface of the base, which may detrimentally affect the material of which the article is made. The current methods thus can only be utilized on articles
made of materials which can tolerate temperatures of at least 300"C. to 400"C., without any danger to the
properties of the end product due to irreversible
unwanted effects, like warping, recrystallization and the like.
A PVD method has been developed in which the
locally occurring high surface temperatures on the substrates are reduced so much during the application of the nitride-, carbide- and boride-containing
hard materials, like TiN, ZrN, TiC, CrB and similar
ones, or combinations thereof, and by this method the choice of substrate materials is enlarged. Thus it
has become possible to coat, by commercially
acceptable procedures, commercially manufactured
articles which initially consist of materials, for exam
ple, chromium, nickel, stainless steel, brass, zinc,
aluminium or alloys of said materials, particularly
articles having an electroplated and/or chemical
vapor deposited surface layer of those metals, with a
thin coating layer of hard materials, like TiN, ZrN,
TiC, CrB and similar ones, or combinations thereof.
However, it has been proved that the durability of
the solidity of this hard coating layer is insufficient
because the hard, thin, coating layer becomes loose,
sooner or later, after it has been applied.
An object of the invention is to provide a durable
coating of articles with hard materials, wherein the
articles are not exposed to a temperature higher
than 400"C.
The invention provides an improved method for
coating articles having a metallic surface with a hard
coating layer, characterised in that before coating
the hard coating layer on the article, the article or its
surface to be coated is heated for a time of from 2 to
24 hours at a temperature of from 100"C. to 4000C. to
remove hydrogen from the surface of the article.
The said hard coating layer may be a nitride-,
carbide- and/or boride-containing layer. The metallic
surface may be of chromium, nickel, molybdenum,
tungsten, cobalt, stainless steel, brass, zinc, alumi
nium, or alloys and/or combinations thereof.
The extraction of hydrogen particularly from an electroplated and/or chemically manufactured surface layer of the articles, which may not be exposed to a locally occurring surface temperature of higher than 400"C. is achieved, according to the invention, by heating the article or the surface layer of the article, prior to the coating treatment, for a time period of 2 to 24 hours, at 100"C. to 4000C. The hard coating layer can then be applied, advantageously according to the CVD or the PVD method. According to those methods, a thin, dense, continuous, hard, coating layer is deposited on and is metallurgically bonded to the underlying metal surface layer of the article.
The surfaces which are obtained with the invention treatment are distinguished not only by their hardness, but also by their beautiful pleasing appearance. They are therefore commercially utilizable in a variety of different ways and they are practically indestructible. The coating can be applied to decorative articles, watch movements, watch bands, watch crowns, surgical and optical instruments, articles of use like cigarette lighters, ballpoint pens, etc. and tools.
The product has a commercially satisfactory, permanent, non-separable, surface coating layer of a hard material, for example a surface coating made of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, chromium boride or similar hard material or combination thereof, applied on an electroplated and/or chemically produced (electroless plating) metal base, preferably made of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt or combination thereof.
Tests have shown that electroplated and/or chemically produced layers, especially those made of chromium, nickel, molybdenum and tungsten or combination thereof, contain stored hydrogen. The hydrogen has the characteristic that it slowly effuses to the surface. Hard, thin, coating layers, like TiN,
ZrN and similar ones, are very dense and therefore they are practically impermeable to hydrogen. When the hydrogen effuses to the surface of substrate, the hard material, coating layer is therefore lifted off from the inside of the article and thus the usability of the article is jeopardized. This does not occur when the hard coating layer is applied at a high temperature, namely above 400 C., because at such high temperatures an appreciable amount of the hydrogen is not contained in the substrate.If the hard layer is applied at a lower temperature, however, it has been found that a significant amount of hydrogen is present in the surface layer of the substrate.
According to the invention, this hydrogen is removed in advance by a special preliminary heat treatment at a relatively low temperature applied over a long time period. The subsequently applied
hard coating layer will not come loose if the substrate has been treated in this way to remove
hydrogen before the hard coating layer is applied.
As the hard material, it particularly is suitable to apply a titanium nitride (TiN) or zirconium nitride
(ZrN) coating layer, which is applied to an electro
plated and/or chemically applied chromium or nickel
layer. This surface has a gold-colored appearance
and is scratch-, abrasion- and corrosion-resistant.
Although a particular preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed in detail for illustrative purposes, it will be recognized that variations or modifications of the disclosed apparatus, including the rearrangement of parts, lie within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An improved method for coating articles having a metallic surface with a hard coating layer, characterised in that before coating the hard coating layer on the article, the article or its surface to be coated is heated for a time of from 2 to 24 hous at a temperature of from 100"C. to 400"C. to remove hydrogen from the surface of the article.
2. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the said hard coating layer is a nitride-containing, carbide-containing and/or boride-containing layer.
3. A method according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the said hard coating layer is applied by the chemical vapor deposition method or the physical vapor deposition method.
4. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the said article has a metallic surface of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, stainless steel, brass, zinc, aluminium, or alloys and/or combinations thereof.
5. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 4, wherein said metallic surface is a metal surface coating.
6. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the said metal surface is an electroplated metal surface.
7. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the said article has a chemically applied metal surface.
8. A method according to Claim 5 and/or Claim 6, wherein the said electroplated and/or chemically applied metal surface is a chromium or nickel or an alloy of chromium and nickel.
9. A method according to Claim 8, wherein the hard coating layer applied to said metal surface is titanium nitride and/or zirconium nitride.
10. A coated article obtained by a method according to any of Claims 1 to 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH268079 | 1979-03-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2045810A true GB2045810A (en) | 1980-11-05 |
Family
ID=4239158
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8009691A Withdrawn GB2045810A (en) | 1979-03-22 | 1980-03-21 | Preheating substrates prior to coating to remove hydrogen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55128575A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3006308A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2451949A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2045810A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1130072B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0080971A1 (en) * | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-08 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the electrolytic deposition of tin on objects |
| GB2145117A (en) * | 1983-08-10 | 1985-03-20 | Dn Madiisinsky I | Dental prosthesis |
| EP0197185A2 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-15 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Multilayered and highly wear-resistant protective coating of hard material for metallic surfaces or substrates subjected to a high load |
| AT385058B (en) * | 1946-07-17 | 1988-02-10 | Vni Instrument Inst | METHOD FOR MOUNTING CUTTING TOOLS |
| EP0322812A2 (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Hard outer coatings deposited on titanium or titanium alloys |
| GB2219218A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1989-12-06 | Diffusion Alloys Ltd | Coating dart bodies |
| EP0748880A2 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 1996-12-18 | Vtd - Vakuumtechnik Dresden Gmbh | Method of fabricating a hard, adherent and corrosion resistant layer |
| EP1342799A1 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2003-09-10 | Aoyama Seisakusho Co., Ltd. | Method for baking steel part |
| EP2721194A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-04-23 | Monnaie Royale Canadienne/Royal Canadian Mint | A plating process to increase coin blank surface hardness |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT381268B (en) * | 1982-05-05 | 1986-09-25 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | TOOL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| GB8426036D0 (en) * | 1984-10-15 | 1984-11-21 | C4 Carbides Ltd | Applying material to substrate |
| DE3623360A1 (en) * | 1986-07-11 | 1988-01-14 | Cameron Iron Works Gmbh | Device with adjacent surfaces, between which high pressures and/or high friction loads occur |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3123493A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | Art of bonding of vacuum metallized coatings | ||
| US1838273A (en) * | 1927-12-24 | 1931-12-29 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Method of producing chromium plated tools |
| GB323847A (en) * | 1928-11-01 | 1930-01-16 | Julius Von Bosse | An improved method of coating metal articles with metals |
| US2962388A (en) * | 1954-03-12 | 1960-11-29 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the production of titanium carbide coatings |
| DE1056450B (en) * | 1955-05-25 | 1959-04-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the production of coatings from hard materials |
| US3281262A (en) * | 1962-04-19 | 1966-10-25 | Continental Can Co | Art of bonding of vacuum metallized coatings to metal substrates |
| DE1924639B2 (en) * | 1969-05-14 | 1976-10-07 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COATINGS FROM TITANIUM CARBIDE |
| CH1466870A4 (en) * | 1970-10-02 | 1977-08-15 | ||
| US3709809A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1973-01-09 | Dow Chemical Co | Sputter deposition of refractory carbide on metal working |
| US3959557A (en) * | 1974-11-04 | 1976-05-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Wear-resistant, nonabrading tic article and process for making |
-
1979
- 1979-06-18 FR FR7915560A patent/FR2451949A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-02-20 DE DE19803006308 patent/DE3006308A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-03-21 IT IT8020850A patent/IT1130072B/en active
- 1980-03-21 GB GB8009691A patent/GB2045810A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-03-21 JP JP3483580A patent/JPS55128575A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT385058B (en) * | 1946-07-17 | 1988-02-10 | Vni Instrument Inst | METHOD FOR MOUNTING CUTTING TOOLS |
| EP0080971A1 (en) * | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-08 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the electrolytic deposition of tin on objects |
| GB2145117A (en) * | 1983-08-10 | 1985-03-20 | Dn Madiisinsky I | Dental prosthesis |
| EP0197185A2 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-15 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Multilayered and highly wear-resistant protective coating of hard material for metallic surfaces or substrates subjected to a high load |
| EP0197185A3 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1988-03-30 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Multilayered and highly wear-resistant protective coating of hard material for metallic surfaces or substrates subjected to a high load |
| US4835062A (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1989-05-30 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Protective coating for metallic substrates |
| EP0322812A2 (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Hard outer coatings deposited on titanium or titanium alloys |
| EP0322812A3 (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-11-08 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Hard outer coatings deposited on titanium or titanium alloys |
| GB2219218A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1989-12-06 | Diffusion Alloys Ltd | Coating dart bodies |
| EP0748880A2 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 1996-12-18 | Vtd - Vakuumtechnik Dresden Gmbh | Method of fabricating a hard, adherent and corrosion resistant layer |
| EP0748880A3 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 1997-03-12 | Dresden Vakuumtech Gmbh | Method of fabricating a hard, adherent and corrosion resistant layer |
| EP1342799A1 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2003-09-10 | Aoyama Seisakusho Co., Ltd. | Method for baking steel part |
| EP1342799A4 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2005-03-09 | Aoyama Seisakusho | Method for baking steel part |
| EP2721194A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-04-23 | Monnaie Royale Canadienne/Royal Canadian Mint | A plating process to increase coin blank surface hardness |
| EP2721194A4 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2015-03-25 | Monnaie Royale Canadienne Royal Canadian Mint | A plating process to increase coin blank surface hardness |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3006308A1 (en) | 1980-10-02 |
| IT1130072B (en) | 1986-06-11 |
| JPS55128575A (en) | 1980-10-04 |
| FR2451949B1 (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| IT8020850A0 (en) | 1980-03-21 |
| FR2451949A1 (en) | 1980-10-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB2045810A (en) | Preheating substrates prior to coating to remove hydrogen | |
| US10443142B2 (en) | Method for producing chromium-containing multilayer coating and a coated object | |
| KR960010136B1 (en) | High hardness/high compressive stress multilayer coated tool | |
| US4640869A (en) | Hard metal watch case with a resistant coating | |
| EP0258283B1 (en) | Method for depositing on a substrate a wear-resistant decorative coating layer, and object produced according to this method | |
| Constantin et al. | Performance of hard coatings, made by balanced and unbalanced magnetron sputtering, for decorative applications | |
| KR100316305B1 (en) | White decorative parts and manufacturing method | |
| US11464303B2 (en) | Black diamond like carbon (DLC) coated articles and methods of making the same | |
| US9826805B2 (en) | Multi-coated metallic articles and methods of making same | |
| JP6576832B2 (en) | Method for producing a chromium coating on a metal substrate and coated article | |
| US20120308844A1 (en) | Multi-coated metallic products and methods of making the same | |
| ATE411413T1 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTI-LAYER COATING WITH HIGH ABRASION RESISTANCE | |
| ATE60629T1 (en) | COATED BODY AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME. | |
| EP3670696A1 (en) | Corrosion resistant carbon coatings | |
| EP1710323B1 (en) | Nickel coating | |
| CN108893712A (en) | Coated objects made from precious metals of surface band and preparation method thereof | |
| EP1652963A1 (en) | Surface-improved object, method of its manufacture and use of the object | |
| JP2941260B1 (en) | Titanium metal watch exterior parts and surface treatment method | |
| EP3386427B1 (en) | Multiple layer coating and coating method for dental devices | |
| JPS5884968A (en) | Hard external parts for timepiece | |
| JPS637365A (en) | External part for ornamentation and production thereof | |
| JP2004308340A (en) | Handle made of plastic and its manufacturing method | |
| JPS60184682A (en) | Method for plating ornament | |
| JPH02221364A (en) | Non-oxide ceramic coating material | |
| US360387A (en) | Ornamenting metal surfaces |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |