GB1584101A - Heat-exchange process using molten salt mixture - Google Patents
Heat-exchange process using molten salt mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1584101A GB1584101A GB19082/77A GB1908277A GB1584101A GB 1584101 A GB1584101 A GB 1584101A GB 19082/77 A GB19082/77 A GB 19082/77A GB 1908277 A GB1908277 A GB 1908277A GB 1584101 A GB1584101 A GB 1584101A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- heat exchange
- weight
- salt mixture
- exchange process
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 34
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GAZVSNAEUUUDEK-JDSLSITLSA-N [(1r,3r,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@]2(C)CC[C@H](C1)C2(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O GAZVSNAEUUUDEK-JDSLSITLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011182 sodium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013411 Alpinia speciosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060696 Alpinia speciosa Species 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010981 Li2CO3—Na2CO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=S)(OC)OC MCWXGJITAZMZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
(54) HEAT-EXCHANGE PROCESS USING MOLTEN SALT MIXTURE
(710 We IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED. Imperial House. Millbank, London SW I P 3JF a British Company do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us. and the method bv which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and bv the fottowing statement : This invention relates to a heat exchange process emp) oying a motten satt mixture.
The use of molten salt mixtures as a heat exchange medium is known. For example. it is known to use a molten mixture of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite as a heat exchange medium to transfer heat across a barrier in a heat exchange plant between the molten salt mixture and another material. Whilst the molten silt mixtures which have been used hitherto in gênera) work satisfactorilv at their recommended temperatures of operation and do not decompose at an unacceptahly high rate thcse latter temperatures are in gênera) rather tow. For example, the recommended temperature of operation of the salt mixture specifically described above is in the range 14O C to 540 C, preferably 300 C to 450 C. When salt mixtures are used as a heat exchange medium at a temperature above the recommended operating temperature range for the particular mixture the mixture may recompose at an increased rate anti at a rate which is commercially unacceptable. In addition the use of temperatures above the recommended operating temperature range may lead to an excessive attack by the molten salt mixture on the materials of construction of the heat exchange plant.
There is a commerciV need for a molten salt mixture which may be used in il heat exchange process at temperatures above those at which salt mixtures are currently used.
We have now found a molten salt mixture which may be used in a heat exchange process at temperatures above the operating temperatures in generat recommended for the currentlv used salt mixtures. Furthermore, the moltcn salt mixture used in the process does not suffer excessive degradation at the elevated temperatures of operation.
The present invention provides a heat exchange process in which heat is transferred from a first material on one side of a barrier in a heat exchange plant to a second material on the other side of said barrier, in wtuch one of said mateha) s is a moites sllt mixture comprisine a mixture of lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate, the mixture having a metting point (as hereinafter defined) in the range 405 C to 700 C.
We define the meeting point as that temperature at which a solid phase begins to freeze out from the mottez mixture of salts when the motten mixture is cooled. The precise meeting temperature will depend on the composition of the salt mixture and. unless the salt mixture is a eutCctic, solid will freeze out from the salt mixture over a range of temperature.
However. the meeting point is taken as the temperature at which solid begins to freeze out.
In the case of a eatectic mixture the whole molten salt mixture will freeze at the melting point.
The temperature at which the heat exchange process of the invention may be operated. and in particular the minimum temperature, will be determined by the melting point of the sait mixture. Clearly, the minimum temperature of operation will be above the melting point of the salt mixture. The melting point of the salt mixture is conveniently at least 20 C. and preferably. at least 50 C below the minimum temperature at which it is desired to operate the heat exchange process. Thus, in the process the temperature of the molten salit mixture is desirabty at least 20 C above the melting point of the silt mixture. and is preferably at least 50 C above the melting point of the salt mixture. When a minimum operating temperature of 500 C is desired the metting point of the salt mixture is conveniently no greater than 480 C. and is preferably no greater than 450 C.
In general the heat exchange process of the present invention may be operated over a temperature range from a minimum determined by the melting point of the salt mixture. which is in the range 4 () 5"C to 700 C. but desirabtyfrom a temperature at least 20 C above the melting point of the salt mixture, up to a maximum which may be as high as 950 C or even 1000 C.
The melting point of the salt mixture is determined by the composition of the mixture.
The salt mixture contains lithium carbonate and in general the greater the proportion of lithium carbonate in the mixture the lower will he the melting point of the mixture. For example, mixtures of sodium and potassium carbonates in a constant proportion hy weight of potassium carbonate : sodium carbonate of 1. 3: 1 and containing respectively 8. 11.15 and 25% by weight of lithium carbonate have melting points of. respectively. 620 C. 600 C.
535 C and 436 C. We prefer to use in the process of the invention a moiten sa ! t mixture containing at ieast if6 by weight of Hthium carbonate, and the use of a mixture containing at Icast 15% by weight of lithium carbonate is more preferred.
Salt mixtures containing lithium carbonate and a mixture of sodium and potassium carbonates generally have meltine points lower than salt mixtures containing the same amount of lithium carbonate and only one of the carbonates of sodium or potassium, and the former mixtures are preferred. For example a salt mixture containing 6% by weight of lithium carbonate, 41% by weight of sodium carbonate and 536 bv weight of potassium carbonate has a melting point of 624 C whereas salt mixtures containing 6% bv weight of lithium carbonate and the remainder being either sodium or potassium carbonates have melting points of respectively 803 C and 795 C. The use of these latter two salts mixturcs is thus outside the scope of the present invention. In order that the melting point of the salut mixture used in the process of the invention should not be unduly hieh it is preferred to use a silt mixture containing at least 10% by weight of both sodium and potassium carbonates, and more preferahlv at least 20% by weight of both sodium and potassium carbonates.
Suitablc salt mixtures for use in the heat exchange process of the invention, and in particular salt mixtures haviez anv desired meiting point within the range 405 C to 700 C. may be chosen by means of simple experiment. By way of example some salt mixtures having differing melting points will be mentioned as follows :
Li2CO3 Na2CO3 K2CO3 melting
weight % weight % weight % point C 5 42 53 651
8 40 52 620 10 40 50 596 37 37 in5 20 35 45 485
3 () 31 4 32 3 I) 38 405
The last of these salt mixturcs is a eutectic mixture.
The salt mixture for use in the process may contain components other than lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate but it is desirable that any other components which may be present m the mixture should he kept to a minimum. In particu) ar we prefer that the molten salt mixture consists of lithium carhonate and sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate in an amount in total of at least 95% by weight of the salt mixture. For exemple, anv metal halide. e. g. alkafi metal chloride, vhich mav he present in the mixture, for example as an impurity in one or more of the carbonates used to make up the salt mixture, is desirably present in an amount of not more than 3% by weight of the total salt mixture otherwise use of the salt mixture may lead to undesirably corrosion in the heat treatment plant. Metal halide if present preferably forms less than 1% by weight of the total salt mixturc. For similar reasons anv mctal sulphate which mav be present is preferabty present in an amont of not more than 1% by weight of the total salt mixture. It is also desirable to exclude moisture from the salt mixture and it is preferred to keep the water content of the mixture below 2% by weight of the total salt mixture.
The salt mixtures hereinbefore described may be used in heat exchange plant in which molten silt mixtures are conventionally used. The heat exchange plant may be. for example, a tube and shell plant comprising a bundle of tubes inside a shell, e.g. inside a cylindrical shell. it may comprise double pipes. that is one pipe positioned in another pipe. or it may comprise a plurality of spaced plates. The barriers across which heat is transferred are provided in the aforementioned types of plant by the walls of the tubes in the tube and shell plant, by the wall of the inner pipe in thé double pipe type of plant, and by the plates in the spaced plate type of plant.
The molten salt may function to transfer heat to or remove heat from the other material in the heat exchange plant. This other material may be a fluid, for example a liquid or a gas, including a liquid or gas having solid material dispersed therein.
The material from which the heat exchange plant is constructed will be selected bearing in mind the nature of the molten salt mixture and the temperature of operation of the heat exchange process, and bearing in mind the nature of the material from which, or to which, heat is transferred by the molten salt mixture. Suitable materials may include mild steel, chromium or nickel/chromium steels, and cast nickelichromium alloys. The barrier across which heat is transferred may be a composite of two different materials one of which is resistant to corrosion by the molten salt mixture and the other of which is resistant to corrosion hy the material from which. or to which, heat is transferred.
In a further embodiment of the present invention we provide a heat exchange plant containing a molten salt mixture as hereinbefore described.
Claims (1)
- WHAT WE CLAIM IS : 1. A heat exchange process in which heat is transferred from a first material on one side of a barrier in a heat exchange plant to a second material on the other side of said barrier, in which one of the said materials is a molten s, ilt mixture comprising a mixture of lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate, the mixture having a melting point (as hereinbefore defined) in the range 405 C to 700 C.2. A heat exchange process as claimed in Oaim) in which the temperature of the molten salt mixture is at least 20 C above the meeting point of the salt mixture.3. A heat exchange process as claimed in Claim 2 in which the temperature of the molten salt mixture is at least 50 C above the melting point of the salt mixture.4. A heat exchange process as claimed in any one of Claims I to 3 in which the temperature of the molten salt mixture is not greater than 1000 C.5. A heat exchange process as claimed in any one of Claims I to 4 in which the molten salit mixture contains at least 5% by weight of lithium carbonate.6.. R heat exchange process as claimed in Claim 5 in which the mottez salt mixture contains at least l' bv weight of hthium carbonate.7. A heat exchange process as claimed in any one of Claims I to 6 in which the molten , alt mitture contains at least 10% by weight of sodium carbonate and at least 10% by weight of potassium carbonate.A A heat exchange process as claimed in any one of Claims I to 7 in which the molten salt mixture contains from 5% to 32% by weight of lithium carbonate, from 30% to 42% by weight of sodium carbonate, and from 38% to 53% by weight of potassium carbonate.'). A heat exchange process as claimed in Claim S in which the motten satt mixture contains 32% by weight of lithium carbonate. 30% by weight of sodium carbonate, and 38% by weight of potassium carbonate.10. A heat exchange process as claimed in any one of Claims) to S in which the motten salt mixture consists of lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate in an amount in total of at least 95% by weight of the salt mixture.11. A heat exchange plant containing a molten salt mixture which mixture comprises lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate, the mixture having a melting point in the range 405 C to 700 C.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB19082/77A GB1584101A (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1977-05-06 | Heat-exchange process using molten salt mixture |
| IT22988/78A IT1096266B (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1978-05-03 | THERMAL EXCHANGE PROCESS |
| FR7813436A FR2389864A1 (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1978-05-05 | |
| DE19782820034 DE2820034A1 (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1978-05-08 | HEAT EXCHANGE PROCEDURE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB19082/77A GB1584101A (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1977-05-06 | Heat-exchange process using molten salt mixture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1584101A true GB1584101A (en) | 1981-02-04 |
Family
ID=10123487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB19082/77A Expired GB1584101A (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1977-05-06 | Heat-exchange process using molten salt mixture |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2820034A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2389864A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1584101A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1096266B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113831899A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-24 | 北京工业大学 | High decomposition temperature mixed molten salt heat transfer and storage medium |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2909763C2 (en) * | 1979-03-13 | 1982-09-09 | Deggendorfer Werft Und Eisenbau Gmbh, 8360 Deggendorf | Process for the catalytic, one-step, isothermal dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene |
| DE19839740A1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-02 | Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co | Process for the non-oxidative production of formaldehyde from methanol |
| DE102012211917A1 (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat storage medium useful for thermal energy storage of a solar thermal power plant, comprises mixture of inorganic sulfate and/or carbonate, and inorganic nanoparticles |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3505018A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1970-04-07 | Texas Instruments Inc | Reforming hydrocarbon fuels |
| US3553279A (en) * | 1968-03-29 | 1971-01-05 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method of producing ethylene |
-
1977
- 1977-05-06 GB GB19082/77A patent/GB1584101A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-05-03 IT IT22988/78A patent/IT1096266B/en active
- 1978-05-05 FR FR7813436A patent/FR2389864A1/fr active Pending
- 1978-05-08 DE DE19782820034 patent/DE2820034A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113831899A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-24 | 北京工业大学 | High decomposition temperature mixed molten salt heat transfer and storage medium |
| CN113831899B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-05-24 | 北京工业大学 | High decomposition temperature mixed molten salt heat transfer and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7822988A0 (en) | 1978-05-03 |
| FR2389864A1 (en) | 1978-12-01 |
| IT1096266B (en) | 1985-08-26 |
| DE2820034A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |