GB1108801A - Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing systems - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing systems

Info

Publication number
GB1108801A
GB1108801A GB10969/65A GB1096965A GB1108801A GB 1108801 A GB1108801 A GB 1108801A GB 10969/65 A GB10969/65 A GB 10969/65A GB 1096965 A GB1096965 A GB 1096965A GB 1108801 A GB1108801 A GB 1108801A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
interrupt
psw
programme
executed
active
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB10969/65A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of GB1108801A publication Critical patent/GB1108801A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
    • G06F7/57—Arithmetic logic units [ALU], i.e. arrangements or devices for performing two or more of the operations covered by groups G06F7/483 – G06F7/556 or for performing logical operations
    • G06F7/575—Basic arithmetic logic units, i.e. devices selectable to perform either addition, subtraction or one of several logical operations, using, at least partially, the same circuitry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
    • G06F11/1641—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems where the comparison is not performed by the redundant processing components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/14—Protection against unauthorised use of memory or access to memory
    • G06F12/1458—Protection against unauthorised use of memory or access to memory by checking the subject access rights
    • G06F12/1466—Key-lock mechanism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/10—Program control for peripheral devices
    • G06F13/12—Program control for peripheral devices using hardware independent of the central processor, e.g. channel or peripheral processor
    • G06F13/122—Program control for peripheral devices using hardware independent of the central processor, e.g. channel or peripheral processor where hardware performs an I/O function other than control of data transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/20—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus
    • G06F13/22—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using successive scanning, e.g. polling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/20—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus
    • G06F13/24—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using interrupt
    • G06F13/26—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to input/output bus using interrupt with priority control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
    • G06F15/76—Architectures of general purpose stored program computers
    • G06F15/78—Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/10—Text processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
    • G06F7/50—Adding; Subtracting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/22—Microcontrol or microprogram arrangements
    • G06F9/226—Microinstruction function, e.g. input/output microinstruction; diagnostic microinstruction; microinstruction format
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/22—Microcontrol or microprogram arrangements
    • G06F9/26—Address formation of the next micro-instruction ; Microprogram storage or retrieval arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/22—Microcontrol or microprogram arrangements
    • G06F9/26—Address formation of the next micro-instruction ; Microprogram storage or retrieval arrangements
    • G06F9/262—Arrangements for next microinstruction selection
    • G06F9/264—Microinstruction selection based on results of processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
    • G06F9/30003—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions
    • G06F9/30007—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions to perform operations on data operands
    • G06F9/3001—Arithmetic instructions
    • G06F9/30014—Arithmetic instructions with variable precision
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
    • G06F9/30003—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions
    • G06F9/30007—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions to perform operations on data operands
    • G06F9/30036—Instructions to perform operations on packed data, e.g. vector, tile or matrix operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
    • G06F9/30003—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions
    • G06F9/3005—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions to perform operations for flow control
    • G06F9/30058—Conditional branch instructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
    • G06F9/30094—Condition code generation, e.g. Carry, Zero flag
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
    • G06F9/30145—Instruction analysis, e.g. decoding, instruction word fields
    • G06F9/3016—Decoding the operand specifier, e.g. specifier format
    • G06F9/30167—Decoding the operand specifier, e.g. specifier format of immediate specifier, e.g. constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F2207/38—Indexing scheme relating to groups G06F7/38 - G06F7/575
    • G06F2207/3804—Details
    • G06F2207/3808—Details concerning the type of numbers or the way they are handled
    • G06F2207/3856—Operand swapping

Abstract

1,108,801. Electric digital calculators. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. 16 March, 1965 [6 April, 1964], No. 10969/65. Heading G4A. Simultaneous interrupt requests in a storedprogramme computer result in the interrupt of highest priority being executed and information relating to the other requests and the interrupted programme being stored. Scheduling of problem programmes, and of sub-routines, entered on occurrence of an interrupt, is controlled by a monitor programme which provides a programme status word (PSW) for the problem programme and for each type of interrupt sub-routine to hold information needed for correct resumption of previous operation after an interrupt sub-routine has been executed. At any time, one PSW is " active " and controls processing. The active PSW is constantly up-dated. Five types of interrupt are possible, viz. as a result of (a) a machine malfunction, (b) a programme error, (c) a request from an input/ output (I/O) device for servicing, (d) an external request, i.e. from a timer, the console or real time data channels, (e) a monitor call, caused by a programmed macro-instruction and used when a PSW is to be replaced or altered by the programme. A PSW has fields specifying (a) whether and which external and I/O interrupts are to be allowed (" system mask " field), (b) areas of storage accessible to current problem programmes, (c) whether detection of a machine malfunction is to cause the corresponding interrupt, (d) whether the machine should execute instructions normally or wait until an interrupt occurs before doing so, (e) whether the machine is in the problem or monitor state (in the latter only privileged functions can be executed and others will cause an error indication), (f) cause of interrupt, (g) length of current macroinstruction, (h) machine conditions, (i) whether detection of a programme error is to cause the corresponding interrupt, (j) address of next macro-instruction in the current programme. Predetermined storage locations are provided for ten PSW's to hold those not at present active. Five of these locations (" new " locations) are provided for the five interrupt subroutine PSW's respectively and the other five (" old " locations) can be considered to be respectively associated with the first five. Assuming that a problem is being executed and a single interrupt occurs, then the currently active PSW is stored in the " old " location associated with that particular type of interrupt and the PSW in the associated " new " location is read out to be the active PSW. If a further interrupt of higher priority occurs while this sub-routine is being executed, the PSW of the latter is stored in the " old " location associated with the second interrupt and the PSW in the associated " new " location becomes the active PSW, and so on. When a sub-routine has been executed, its PSW is returned to its " new " location and the PSW in the associated " old " location becomes the active PSW. A plurality of simultaneously occurring interrupts are taken in order of increasing priority and the PSW's stored according to the above scheme. The interrupt to be considered last (that of highest priority) is then executed, and after execution accesses the PSW of the interrupt of next highest priority to act as the next active PSW. Thus the interrupt sub-routines are executed in order of decreasing priority. It is important to ensure that a given interrupt sub-routine is not itself interrupted by an interrupt of the same type, or over-writing will occur in the corresponding " old " location and errors will result. This sort of interrupt can be prevented by suitable use of the " system mask " field of the PSW. The priority sequence may also be altered by suitable use of this field. The computer is micro-programme-controlled, and the interrupt becomes effective immediately in the case of types (a) and (b)-see above-and at the end of the current micro-instruction sequence (i.e. macro-instruction) in the other cases.
GB10969/65A 1964-04-06 1965-03-16 Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing systems Expired GB1108801A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US357372A US3400371A (en) 1964-04-06 1964-04-06 Data processing system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1108801A true GB1108801A (en) 1968-04-03

Family

ID=23405304

Family Applications (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1054725D Active GB1054725A (en) 1964-04-06
GB5906/65A Expired GB1061361A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-02-11 Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing systems
GB8602/65A Expired GB1045425A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-01 Improvements relating to arithmetic and logic units
GB10973/65A Expired GB1108802A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-16 Improvements relating to program controlled electronic data processing systems
GB10969/65A Expired GB1108801A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-16 Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing systems
GB10974/65A Expired GB1055704A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-16 Improvements relating to electronic data processing systems
GB13606/65A Expired GB1108800A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-31 Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing machines

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1054725D Active GB1054725A (en) 1964-04-06
GB5906/65A Expired GB1061361A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-02-11 Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing systems
GB8602/65A Expired GB1045425A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-01 Improvements relating to arithmetic and logic units
GB10973/65A Expired GB1108802A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-16 Improvements relating to program controlled electronic data processing systems

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB10974/65A Expired GB1055704A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-16 Improvements relating to electronic data processing systems
GB13606/65A Expired GB1108800A (en) 1964-04-06 1965-03-31 Improvements in or relating to electronic data processing machines

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3400371A (en)
AT (4) AT264162B (en)
BE (5) BE662153A (en)
CH (6) CH418011A (en)
DE (6) DE1246289B (en)
ES (3) ES311385A1 (en)
FI (1) FI46568C (en)
GB (7) GB1061361A (en)
IL (1) IL23159A (en)
NL (5) NL6504273A (en)
NO (1) NO117054B (en)
SE (3) SE316936B (en)

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ES311414A1 (en) 1966-01-16
AT264162B (en) 1968-08-26
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CH426321A (en) 1966-12-15
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GB1054725A (en)
CH432065A (en) 1967-03-15
DE1303416B (en) 1971-12-23
GB1061361A (en) 1967-03-08
CH418011A (en) 1966-07-31
DE1499200B2 (en) 1971-04-15
GB1055704A (en) 1967-01-18
BE662154A (en) 1965-08-02
NL6504273A (en) 1965-10-07
GB1045425A (en) 1966-10-12
IL23159A (en) 1969-01-29
FI46568B (en) 1973-01-02
DE1237363B (en) 1967-03-23
NL6504269A (en) 1965-10-07
DE1499201A1 (en) 1970-10-22
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AT255801B (en) 1967-07-25
FI46568C (en) 1973-04-10
BE662151A (en) 1965-08-02
SE310277B (en) 1969-04-21
ES311413A1 (en) 1965-10-01
DE1499201B2 (en) 1971-01-21
ES311385A1 (en) 1965-11-01
DE1246289B (en) 1967-08-03
NL6504270A (en) 1965-10-07
NL143351B (en) 1974-09-16
NO117054B (en) 1969-06-23
NL6504272A (en) 1965-10-07
BE662153A (en) 1965-08-02
SE311445B (en) 1969-06-09
NL6504271A (en) 1965-10-07
US3400371A (en) 1968-09-03
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GB1108802A (en) 1968-04-03
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AT267226B (en) 1968-12-27
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DE1499200A1 (en) 1970-03-05
CH422394A (en) 1966-10-15

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