FR3095218A1 - Device and method for handling formwork. - Google Patents

Abstract

Title. Device and method for handling formwork. Device for handling a pair of formwork (1, 2), each of which respectively extends essentially parallel to a median plane (PM). This device (10) comprises - two feet (11, 12) each intended to be respectively mounted on a panel (1, 2), - a compass (13) with branches (24, 25, 26 and 27) each articulated, on the one hand, on a foot (11, 12) and, on the other hand, on a common head (28), - a system of links (14), and - an attachment point (16), intended for hook the handling device (10) to a crane. This device comprises connecting means (15), movable in translation through the head (28) of the compass (13) and connecting the system of links (14) to the attachment point (16), asymmetrically with respect to the median plane (PM). Process for handling formwork (1, 2) for the implementation of the handling device (10). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 6

Description

Formwork handling device and method.

The invention relates to the field of building and public works, as well as the field of tools for making building structures. More particularly, the invention relates to a device and a method for handling formwork.

State of the art

Devices and processes are already known for opening and closing formwork, in order to produce formwork for concrete walls, for example.

Thus, a formwork handling device is described for example in patent application EP 1 975 339 A1. This device comprises a compass comprising a double parallelogram and a system of connecting rods. This compass and this system of connecting rods are on the one hand, fixed to the formwork and on the other hand, hung on a sling. A pull on the compass and the rod system using the sling makes it possible to separate the formwork from each other. Furthermore, this device comprises a means of stripping and lateral displacement of a single branch, the other formwork remaining stationary. A disadvantage of this device of the prior art is that it is necessary to actuate the stripping and lateral displacement means using an additional sling.

An object of the invention is to simplify the use of a form handling device.

This object is at least partially achieved by means of a formwork handling device for moving, at least vertically, at least two formwork forms each extending respectively substantially parallel to a median plane.

This device includes in particular:

at least two feet, each intended to be respectively mounted on a panel,

at least one compass comprising at least two branches each articulated, on the one hand, on a foot and, on the other hand, on a common head,

a system of rods, comprising at least two rods, each articulated by one of their ends to one of the arms of the compass and connected together by their other end, this system of rods being placed in use, below the head compass,

an attachment point, intended to attach the handling device to a crane, this attachment point being placed, in use, above the head of the compass.

In addition, the handling device comprises connecting means, movable in translation through the head of the compass and connecting the system of rods to the attachment point, asymmetrically with respect to the median plane.

Then, due to the asymmetry of the traction exerted on the system of rods, when the connecting means are pulled vertically, upwards, it is possible to separate the formwork from each other asymmetrically, and in particular to move one panel laterally before the other.

This handling device may include one and/or other of the following characteristics, each considered independently of one another or in combination with one or more others:

- The passage of the connecting means in the head is offset with respect to the median plane;

- It comprises means for fixing the connecting means on a connecting rod offset with respect to the median plane;

- the fixing means are further away (spaced out) from the median plane than is the passage of the connecting means in the head;

- the connection means are chosen from the following elements: a chain, a rope, a cable, a sling, an articulated and possibly rotating mast, and a combination of one of these elements with one or more other of these elements;

- The connecting means are movable in translation in a housing pivotally mounted on the head of the compass;

- it comprises rigid mounting means for attaching at least one foot to a formwork;

- the compass is a double parallelogram compass, comprising two other branches each articulated, on the one hand, on a foot and, on the other hand, on the head of the compass;

- At least one branch of the compass connected to a connecting rod comprises an articulation on a foot, movable along this foot;

- it comprises stop means for limiting the angle between at least one of the connecting rods and the branch on which it is hinged.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method for handling formwork. During the implementation of this method, a pair of formwork is suspended vertically using a sling or a chain attached to a compass, by means of a system of rods, this compass being itself - even attached to each formwork of the pair of formwork. This method also comprises a stripping operation during which one formwork is moved laterally relative to the other, and during which the same sling or the same chain is used to suspend the pair of formwork and to control the movement of one form laterally relative to the other.

This process optionally comprises one and/or the other of the following characteristics, each considered independently of one another or in combination with one or more others:

- during the formwork stripping operation, the sling or chain is connected to the rod system asymmetrically with respect to a plane parallel to the formwork and located essentially in the middle of a distance separating the two formwork;

- possibly for some relatively wide formwork, two compasses and the same sling, or the same chain, connected to the two compasses are used to suspend the pair of formwork and to control the movement of one formwork laterally in relation to the other.

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, and with reference to the appended drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples and in which:

schematically shows in perspective two face-to-face form panels, on which is mounted an exemplary embodiment of a handling device according to the invention;

schematically shows in perspective, the handling device of Figure 1, with its open compass;

schematically shows in perspective, the handling device of Figure 1, with its compass closed;

schematically shows partially and in perspective, seen from below, a foot of the compass shown in Figures 2 and 3;

schematically shows in perspective two formwork on which is mounted the handling device of Figure 1, with its compass open, one of these two formwork being on the ground, blocked by a leader, during a preparation step for a formwork operation; And

differs from FIG. 5 essentially in that the handling device is shown there during the implementation of a stripping step of an exemplary method according to the invention.

detailed description

In this document, the terms "top", "bottom", "above", "below", "behind", "front", "right", "left", "vertical", etc. refer to the orientations of the device according to the invention, during its normal use and/or to the orientations of the example of the device according to the invention described and as represented in the figures.

In Figure 1 are shown two formwork 1, 2 placed vertically on horizontal ground. They were used for the formwork of a veil of concrete 3 cast between the two form panels 1, 2. These form panels 1, 2 are each provided with stiffeners 4 and a platform 5 with a canopy 6 respectively. A handling device 10 of formwork is fixed between the two formwork 1, 2.

An exemplary embodiment of a device 10 for handling formwork is shown in Figure 2. This device 10 comprises two feet 11, 12, a compass 13, a system of rods 14 and connecting means 15 between a point attachment 16 to a sling 17 (see also figure 1) and the link system 14.

Each foot 11 or 12 is intended to be respectively mounted on the top stiffener 4 of a formwork 1 or 2, using rigid mounting means 18. As shown in Figure 4, these mounting means 18 comprise a bolt 19 with a hammer head 20. The hammer head 20 protrudes under the sole 21 of the foot. It is intended to penetrate into a rectangular orifice located in correspondence on the top stiffener 4. After rotation of 90°, the bolt 19 is tightened to pinch the top stiffener 4 between the hammer head 20 and the sole 20 of the foot. The hammer head 20 is framed by two anti-rotation cleats 22 in order to ensure perfect alignment and parallelism of the edges 23. After tightening the bolt 19, the foot 11 or 12 and the formwork 1 or 2 are rigidly linked to each other. the other.

Each foot 11 or 12 extends substantially along a longitudinal direction L. The longitudinal direction L of each foot 11 or 12 is substantially parallel to that of the other foot. The two feet 11 or 12 are equidistant from a median plane PM.

As shown in Figure 2, the compass 13 has four branches 24 to 27: two high branches 24, 26 and two low branches 25, 27. Each of the branches 24 to 27 is articulated, on the one hand, on a foot 11 or 12 and, on the other hand, on a head 28 common to the four branches 24 to 27. The branches 24 to 27 are mounted so as to form what can be called a double parallelogram, even if the branches 24 to 27 can have a curved shape. This double parallelogram makes it possible to maintain the parallelism between the two form panels 1, 2.

The head 28 has a general "U" shape. Two branches are articulated by a high end, on each side of the "U", on each of the branches of this "U". The lower end of each branch is articulated on a foot. The bottom of the "U" formed by the head 28 forms a groove 29 in which a pulley box 30 can be housed. For example, two rollers, smooth or toothed, are mounted in rotation in the pulley box 30, each respectively of an axis perpendicular to the median plane PM. The pulley box 30 is itself mounted on the head 28, pivoting in a plane parallel to the median plane PM and offset with respect thereto. In other words, the "U" shape of the head 28 is not completely symmetrical with respect to the median plane PM. The groove 29 and the pulley box 30 are offset (on the right side in FIGS. 1 to 3, 5 and 6) from the median plane PM. More generally, the passage of the connecting means 15 in the head 28 is offset with respect to the median plane PM (that is to say the plane of symmetry between the two parallelograms of the double parallelogram).

The two lower branches 25, 27 are interconnected by the system of rods 14. This system of rods 14 comprises two rods 31, 32. In the example illustrated in the figures, each rod 31 or 32 is a double rod. Indeed, each link 31 or 32 comprises two parallel arms 33 fixed in rotation, at one of their ends, on a lower branch 25 or 27, on the one hand, and on a hinge 34 connecting the other ends of the links 31 or 32 between them, on the other hand.

All the axes of rotation and articulation of the branches 24 to 27 and of the links 31, 32 between them, or with the head 28, or with a foot 11 or 12, are essentially perpendicular to the plane in which the double parallelogram is deployed and parallel to the median plane PM.

The elements of the handling device 10 are arranged essentially symmetrically with respect to the median plane PM, with the exception in particular of height-shifting means 35 located on one 12 of the feet 11, 12 (the one on the left in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6), the pulley housing 30 and fixing means 36 of the connecting means 15 on a rod 31 (the one on the right in Figures 1 to 3, 5 and 6).

The height offset means 34 comprise two pairs of grooves 37. Each pair of grooves 37 is located respectively on one face of the left foot 12. The faces of the foot 12 on which the grooves 37 are made are parallel to the plane of the double parallelogram. The foot 12 on which the grooves 37 are made corresponds to that fixed to the formwork 2 intended to remain in place during stripping while the other formwork 1 is moved laterally. The end of each branch 26 or 27 connected to this foot 12 is mounted in rotation and in translation in a groove 37. The ends of each branch 26 or 27 connected to this foot 12 are connected together by a flat 38, on each faces of the foot 12 on which the grooves 37 are made. Thus the distance between the ends of each branch 26 or 27 connected to this foot 12 is kept constant, and these ends can slide simultaneously in the longitudinal direction L of this foot 12. For example, these ends can slide 200 millimeters along the foot 12, so as to obtain an offset in height of one form relative to the other, as will be explained later.

The fixing means 36 of the connecting means 15 on a link 31 are for example made using a rod extending perpendicularly to the plane of the double parallelogram, between the two parallel arms 33 of the link 31 articulated on the branch 25 which is itself fixed to the foot 11 fixed to the formwork 1 on the right (that is to say the formwork 1 intended to be moved laterally during stripping while the other formwork 2 is static). This rod is offset with respect to the median plane PM. This rod is even more offset with respect to the median plane PM than is the passage the passage of the connecting means 15 in the head 28. For example, this rod is located essentially plumb with the pulley box 30, when the compass is closed (figure 3). In other words, this rod is located between the joint 34 linking the two rods 31, 32 together and the branch 25 connected to the foot 11 fixed to the formwork 1 on the right. For example, the rod is located at a distance from the joint 34 of between 20 and 50% of the distance separating the joint 34 from the connection between the link 31 and the corresponding lower branch 25. Preferably, the rod is located at a distance from the joint 34 close to 30% of the distance separating the joint 34 from the connection between the link 31 and the corresponding lower branch 35.

Stop means 39 are mounted on at least one of the links 31, 32. The stop means 39 limit the opening of the compass 13 and prevent the articulation 34 of the links 31, 32 between them from turning towards and / or against the head 28. The abutment means 39 comprise two rods extending perpendicular to the plane of the double parallelogram, each respectively between the two parallel arms 33 of a link 31 or 32. The angle between at least one rods 31, 32 and the branch 25, 27 on which it is articulated is thus limited and corresponds for example to a distance of 1300 millimeters between the formwork 1, 2.

The connection means 15 between the attachment point 16 to the sling 17 and the link system 14 are attached to the rod (attachment means 36). In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the connecting means 15 consist of a metal chain. According to variants, the chain is replaced by a rope, a cable, a sling, an articulated mast, or even a combination of several of these elements (eg a chain extended by a rope, etc.). The very nature of the connecting means 15 does not necessarily have any importance with respect to the principle of operation of the device according to the invention. It is advantageous that they are articulated. In the present document, the term “articulated” applying to the connecting means indicates that these have the suppleness, and/or the flexibility and/or the degree of articulation necessary to deform at least in the plane in which deploys the double parallelogram and even more advantageously to deform also in the median plane PM. The different links of a chain are thus “articulated” with each other. A cable, a rope, a sling have a continuity of articulation points. Within the meaning of this document, they constitute “articulated” connecting means 15 . A chain, a rope, a cable, a sling, an articulated mast, constitute deformable connecting means, without their deformation necessarily being plastic.

The connecting means 14 are movable in translation in the pulley box 30. The pulley box 30 facilitates the translation of the connecting means 14 at the level of the head 28 of the compass 13, but it is not essential. A simple passage provided in the head 28 could suffice. In addition, those skilled in the art know, however, that a certain play in the movement of the connecting means 15 at the level of the head 28 can, in an equivalent manner, allow the use of possibly more rigid connecting means 15.

Indeed, above the head 28, and more particularly still above the pulley box 30, if the head 28 is equipped with it, the connecting means 15 must be able to take a direction parallel to the median plane PM, whereas Below the head 28 and its pulley box 30, the connecting means 15 must be able to be deflected in the plane of the double parallelogram, in particular when the compass 13 is open (see FIG. 3).

An example of a method for handling formwork 1, 2 is described below. For example, for the installation of the formwork for the formwork of a veil of concrete 3, a pair of formwork 1, 2 is suspended from a crane by means of the formwork handling device 10 described above. In this example, the formwork 1,2 are insulated formwork having a width of 1250 or 2500 millimeters. The pair of form panels 1, 2 can therefore be suspended using only one handling device 10. More particularly, a sling 17 connected to the crane is attached to the point of attachment 16 of the connecting means 15. Under the effect of the weight of the formwork panels 1, 2, the connecting means 15 exert traction on the system of connecting rods 14 which thus opens the compass 13. The formwork panels 1, 2 are separated as far as possible from each other. One 2 of the panels 1, 2 (the one on the left in FIGS. 1, 5 and 6) is positioned on the ground by aligning the lower edge thereof with a leader 40. The connecting means 15 are unhooked from the sling 17. The sling 17 is possibly used to slightly lift the formwork 1 on the right with the crane by hooking it to rings 41 (FIG. 5). The formwork 1 thus raised can be brought closer to that already in position along the starter 40. This slight vertical displacement (for example of 200 millimeters) of the formwork on the right 1 with respect to the formwork on the left 2 which remains in place is permitted by the height offset means 35 already described. During the lateral displacement of the right panel 1 towards the left panel 2, the compass 13 closes. The connecting means 15 fit into the compass 13. Once positioned at the desired distance from the left panel 2, the right panel 1 is lowered and placed on the ground, using the crane. Sling 17 is unhooked. Forms 1, 2 are secured to each other. The veil of concrete 3 can be cast.

At the start of the stripping operation, the compass 13 is in the closed position. The sling 17 is attached to the attachment point 16 on the connecting means 15. Using a crane, a traction is exerted upwards on the sling 17. Under the effect of this traction, the connecting means 15 stretch. The weight of the formwork 1 on the right tends to hold down the attachment point of the rod 31 on the right on the lower branch 25 on the right. The traction of the connecting means 15 on the fixing means 36, on the contrary, causes the joint 34 to rise upwards. The link 31 on the right is therefore subjected to a torque which causes it to pivot upwards around its attachment point on the lower branch 25 on the right. The articulation 34 follows this rotation of the link 31 on the right, which tends to push the link 32 on the left upwards since, thanks to the height offset means 35, the link 32 on the left can slide freely upwards, at the level of the grooves 37. When the link 32 on the left comes into abutment at the level of the upper ends of the grooves 37, the fixing means 36 of the connecting means 15 on the link 31 on the right are already far apart laterally with respect to the formwork 2 from left. The crane therefore supports the weight of panel 1 on the right more than that of panel 2 on the left. In other words, the traction exerted by the crane lifts form 1 on the right more than form 2 on the left. Formwork 1 on the right can therefore be moved more easily when compass 13 separates formwork 1, 2 from each other. Continuing the lifting by the crane, form 1 on the right is separated from the other form by compass 13, at the same time as it is lifted from the ground (Figure 6). Then comes a time when the compass 13 is blocked in its opening by the stop means 39. If the crane continues to lift the assembly, while the compass 13 cannot open any further, there comes a time when panel 2 on the left will also be raised.

The assembly of the two form panels is then suspended at a point of the crane which is to the left of the center of gravity of the assembly, since the latter has gradually shifted to the right during the opening of the compass 13 , due to the maintenance of the formwork 2 on the left in a fixed position on the ground. As soon as the two form panels 1, 2 no longer touch the ground, the center of gravity of the assembly therefore moves to the left. However, this displacement to the left is limited since the attachment point of the sling 17 on the crane, at the start of the stripping operation, was practically directly above the concrete web 3, or even slightly offset to the right. with respect to the middle of the latter due to the asymmetry of the point of attachment of the connecting means 15 to the system of rods 14.

The fact of using articulated connecting means 15, having a certain suppleness, a certain flexibility and/or a certain degree of articulation allows them to be able to deform in the plane in which the double parallelogram is deployed but also in the median plane PM. As can be seen in FIG. 3 in particular, this characteristic of the connection means 15 makes it possible to have a portion of the connection means 15 located above the head 28 which is not aligned with the portion of the connection means which is located below the head 28. In addition, this feature is useful when two handling devices 10 are used to lift, for example form panels 1, 2 of great width (greater than 2500 millimeters for example). The two handling devices 10 are then separated from each other and suspended from a single sling. The connecting means 15 of each handling device 10 then extend above their respective heads 28 in a plane essentially parallel to the median plane PM. To facilitate the movement of the connecting means in the pulley box 30, while a portion of the connecting means is inclined relative to the vertical, in a plane parallel to the median plane PM, it is possible to provide that the pulley box can pivot at the bottom of the groove 29 over plus or minus 20° relative to the vertical. This makes it possible to avoid having to use a joint between the legs 11, 12 and the panels 1, 2 to which they are fixed. Conversely, the possibility of using rigid assembly means 18 between the feet 11, 12 and the form panels 1, 2 to which they are fixed, makes it possible to control more easily and more precisely the alignment of the form panels 1, 2 between them and/ or with primer 40.

Thus, the applicant will be able to seek, in another application (a divisional application, an extension abroad on the basis of the present application, etc.) protection for the use of such articulated connecting means, independently or in combination. combination of one or more other characteristics described above. Thus, protection may be sought for a device 10 for handling formwork 1, 2 for moving, at least vertically, at least two formwork 1, 2 each extending respectively essentially parallel to a median plane PM, this device 10 comprising

- at least two feet 11, 12 each intended to be respectively mounted on a panel 1, 2,

-at least one compass 13 comprising two branches 25, 27 each articulated on the one hand on a foot 11, 12, and on the other hand on a common head 28,

-a system of rods 14, comprising at least two rods 31, 32, each articulated by one of their ends to one of the branches 25, 27 of the compass 13 and connected to each other by their other end, this system of rods 14 being placed in use, below the head 28 of the compass 13,

- an attachment point 16, intended to attach the handling device 10 to a crane, this attachment point 16 being placed, in use, above the head 28 of the compass 13,

- connecting means 15, movable in translation through the head 28 of the compass 13, and connecting the system of rods 14 to the attachment point 16, these connecting means 15 being articulated.

Among the other advantages of the invention, mention may be made in particular of:

- The fact that when it is moved laterally during stripping, formwork 1 on the right, therefore the one that is mobile, does not rub on the slab, it is slightly raised;

- Optionally, the head 28 is provided with one or two openings 42 which make it possible to handle the handling device 10 alone;

- The fact of being able to limit the lateral displacement (on the left) of one of the two form panels 1, 2 with respect to the displacement of the other (on the right), makes it possible to work with a nearby platform awning, while limiting the risk of touching and deforming this awning during stripping;

- A foot 11, 12 allowing rigid mounting on a form panel is easier to make;

- The offset in height between the formwork 1, 2, when approaching the starter 40 is 300 millimeters (200 millimeters linked to the presence of the grooves 37 and 100 millimeters linked to the fact that the formwork 1 on the right is raised more due to the asymmetry of the fixing means 36 on the compass 13);

- When several handling devices 10 are used, their rigid positioning on the two ends of a form facilitates their installation according to the length of the train of form.

Claims (13)

Panel handling device (1, 2) for moving, at least vertically, at least two form panels (1, 2) each extending respectively substantially parallel to a median plane (PM),
this device comprising
- at least two feet (11, 12) each intended to be respectively mounted on a panel (1, 2),
- at least one compass (13) comprising two branches (25, 27) each articulated, on the one hand, on a foot (11, 12) and, on the other hand, on a common head (28),
- a system of links (14), comprising at least two links (31, 32), each articulated by one of their ends to one of the arms (25, 27) of the compass and connected to each other by their other end, this system of rods (14) being placed in use, below the head (28) of the compass (13),
- an attachment point (16), intended to attach the handling device (10) to a crane, this attachment point (16) being placed, in use, above the head (28) of the compass ( 13),
this device being characterized in that it comprises connecting means (15), movable in translation through the head (28) of the compass (13) and connecting the system of rods (14) to the attachment point (16 ), asymmetrically with respect to the median plane (PM). Device according to Claim 1, in which the passage of the connecting means (15) in the head (28) is offset with respect to the median plane (PM). Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising fixing means (36) of the connecting means (15) on a connecting rod (31) offset with respect to the median plane (PM). Device according to Claims 2 and 3 combined, in which the fixing means (36) are farther from the median plane (PM) than is the passage of the connecting means (15) in the head (28). Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the connecting means (15) are chosen from the following elements: a chain, a rope, a cable, a sling, an articulated mast, and a combination of one of these elements with one or more of these elements. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the connecting means (15) are movable in translation in a casing (30) pivotally mounted on the head (28) of the compass (13). Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising rigid mounting means (18) for fixing at least one foot (11, 12) to a panel (1, 2). Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the compass (13) is a double parallelogram compass, comprising two other branches (24, 26) each articulated, on the one hand, on a foot (11, 12) and, on the other hand, on the head (28) of the compass (13). Device according to Claim 8, in which at least one branch (27) of the compass (13) connected to a connecting rod (32) comprises an articulation on a foot (12), movable along this foot (12). Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising stop means (39) to limit the angle between at least one of the links (31, 32) and the branch (25 or 27) on which it is articulated. Method for handling a pair of formwork (1, 2), in which a pair of formwork (1, 2) is suspended vertically using a sling (16) or a chain attached to a compass ( 13), via a system of connecting rods (14), this compass (13) itself being fixed to each of the panels (11, 12) of the pair of panels (1, 2),
- this method comprising a stripping operation during which one formwork (1, 2) is moved laterally relative to the other,
- characterized in that the same sling (16) or the same chain is used to suspend the pair of formwork (1, 2) and to control the asymmetrical displacement of a formwork (1 or 2) laterally with respect to the 'other. Method according to claim 11, in which the sling (16), or the chain, is connected to the system of rods (14) asymmetrically with respect to a plane parallel to the formwork and located essentially in the middle of a distance separating the two panels (1, 2). Method according to claim 11 or 12, in which two stays (13) and the same sling (16), or the same chain, connected to the two stays (13) are used to suspend the pair of formwork panels (1, 2) and to control the movement of one form (1 or 2) laterally in relation to the other.