FR3084896A1 - UNIVERSAL BUILDING BLOCK WITH MUTUAL LOCK FOR REALIZATION OF DOUBLE-WALLED WALLS WITH HIGH ANTISISMIC CAPACITY - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention resides in the design of the original, asymmetrical, fundamental form of a universal building block (A), allowing the construction of monolithic walls with double walls, rectilinear or comprising internal and / or external right angles while using only this one and only form. The universal block is nested in identical opposite blocks placed at different height, by vertical translation of the tenons in the mortises of the opposite block, offering the principles of a traditional implementation with crossed joints associated with the advantages of interlocking assemblies, including included in the corners of a wall, and a high anti-seismic capacity. The manufacture of half blocks (B, C), representing the right and left parts of the universal block, allows the realization of the ends and tables of a wall without any cut to be made. Minor variants allow adaptation to the majority of possible configurations.

Description

The present invention relates to a universal building element, whose fundamental asymmetrical shape obtained according to a specific method, mainly allows the construction of monolithic double walls, without binder, by nesting, including including right angles while keeping the same degree nesting and having significant anti-seismic characteristics, using exclusively a set consisting of a single element of identical shape and size, the 2 respective ends of a wall can be built through the 2 respective halves of said element.

It is known from the state of the art a device which has been the subject of a patent application FR 2570411 A1 relating to a multipurpose monoblock for the construction of double walls. The main drawback of this device is that it does not allow a double wall, constructed according to the process which is the subject of the invention, to change direction at a right angle and to continue while maintaining constant nesting in order to preserve the principle of a monolithic wall, while using several strictly identical elements and made up of a single and same model, of identical size and shape of this versatile monobloc.

When the inventor mentions a corner block, he is referring to an end block with 2 clean faces arranged at right angles. Indeed, as can be seen in FIG. 2 linked to this patent FR 2570411 A1, the production of a double wall, part of which is placed at right angles to the other part of this wall, does not is obtained by joining 2 individual walls each arranged at an angle of 90 degrees from each other and which must be held together by an annex system such as a binder, and which must also be implemented with the addition an annex block of a different dimension from the monoblock described in the invention.

The absence of this possibility of orienting part of a wall in the direction of a right angle, confers the status of monolithic wall only on each of the wall portions constituting a construction and any shock or violent shock. may cause the wall portions to separate from one another.

To overcome the drawbacks presented above, the present invention aims to overcome the lack of possibility of making right angles, in the sense of the orientation of the wall at right angles and to continue, completely nested during construction. of a double wall, whether internal or external, and offers an innovative process offering the possibility of pursuing the perfect duality of the opposite parts of the double wall, without any break in the nesting, and without it being necessary to resort to something other than this single model of universal building element, simply oriented in space, by its unique design linked to this invention, which therefore does not offer the known technique.

The present invention therefore exclusively uses a single model of building element, of a single size and of a single shape to construct all wall surfaces with or without right angles.

-2The present invention thus no longer offers just two walls joined and placed at an angle of 90 degrees from one another, possibly held together by a binder or by another holding system between them, but rather perfect continuity of the wall by nesting without breaking and using a single model of universal element of a single shape and a single size.

The present invention thus confers a monolithic property on the wall thus constructed, including in the realization of right angles, and confers on the whole of the construction an exceptional seismic property, each section of wall being integral with the others.

The element being of three-dimensional shape and defined as universal, it will be called universal block (A) for the rest of this presentation.

The present invention is characterized by the atypical shape of a universal block (A) whose end surface is constituted by a predetermined shape, not limited in shape, asymmetrical, fundamental, and which comprises on several of its faces tenons and mortises of a predetermined number, not limited, but of a fundamental asymmetrical positioning, allowing an assembly with its identical ones which are opposite or opposed to it at an angle of ninety degrees on the longitudinal axis, making it secured by nesting its tenons by vertical translation of a fraction of height in the mortises of the elements which are opposite or opposed to it at an angle of ninety degrees on the longitudinal axis and simultaneously secured by covering, with the elements which are adjacent to it, with a view to forming flat rectilinear surfaces with or without internal and or external right angles, surfaces with internal angles and external, rectilinear monolithic double walls with or without internal and or external right angles, from a set consisting exclusively of the same construction elements.

The present invention is also characterized in that the universal block can during its manufacture be divided precisely into 2 half lengths of a universal block, comprising precisely the 50 percent of the right part or the 50 percent of the left part of the universal block, allowing to start or stop walls or window or door frames, always by nesting by vertical translation on the opposite block, revealing a flat face and as clear as that of the main wall of the wall, without that it is not necessary to fill in or face the stop face of the wall.

The present invention thus makes it possible to construct the whole of the different sections of walls of a building, whether they are rectilinear or comprising right angles, whether the angles are internal or external, that it includes the beginnings and ends of walls. , paintings of doors and windows, using a single form of block, without there ever being the slightest break in the nesting of the blocks between them conferring a monolithic status on the whole construction thus making it earthquake-proof.

According to a variant of the invention, linked to a minor modification on one of the faces of the building element as shown in Fig 12 in (E) and on one of the faces of the half element (B) as shown in Fig 12 in (F), the present invention also allows the resumption of cross walls directly nested at construction using this

-3 only universal block of identical size and size to the others from the start of the cross wall.

The offset in height of an element facing its identical opposite it, is obtained thanks to a row of seat blocks of a different height on one of the 2 opposite parts of the double wall, this is highlighted in the example of Fig 8 and Fig 9 with an offset equal to 1/2 a height of a universal block as shown in (D), and the offset in length of a 1/2 block precisely is obtained thanks to the asymmetrical positioning of identical blocks which are opposed to them by their unique shape linked to the principle of this invention.

By an offset in height of a 1/2 block and in length of a 1/2 block with respect to the identical ones which are opposite to each building block and with which a block is nested, a discontinuity and an overlap of all joints or an absolute elimination of thermal bridges. Each block is attached to 4 identical blocks opposite it.

The traditional technique of implementation with crossed joints, associated with that of the nesting of each block with its identical opposite to it, including in the corners of a construction, allow the construction of a monolithic wall composed of 2 walls, each of which cooperates with the one opposite, achieving perfect chaining along the entire length of the construction as well as continuous vertical keying over the entire height of the construction, offering a reciprocal bracing of the two walls.

The present invention, using a construction material which offers shape stability and a high degree of precision in the dimensions of the blocks, thus makes it possible to carry out a construction without the need to use any binder or any system. fixing the blocks together, each block being secured by its 4 identical opposite it and with which it is nested, and secured by covering the block which is superimposed on it itself secured by nesting of its 4 identical opposite to it. Likewise, a high degree of precision in the dimensions of the blocks and the absence of use of a binder removes the construction from the need to control its balance.

The present invention does not use any binder to hold the blocks together, then offers the possibility of direct reuse when dismantling a wall produced with the process described in the present invention and in the same way, no binder not being used and no cut being necessary to carry out a total construction, that leaves a construction site much cleaner than any realization using a binder or cuts to assemble several blocks.

The specific shape of the universal block also offers the advantage of having an asymmetrical appearance acting as a key when it fits into the blocks opposite it, thus making any construction very easy for those not initiated into masonry techniques.

Each row is superimposed precisely on the previous one, also offering ease of implementation, apart from the case of opening for doors and or windows, the first

-4 level determines the arrangement of the blocks up to the level of the ceiling and this construction model nevertheless offers the advantages of a traditional implementation with crossed joints by means of the opposite double wall, the offset of the joints also both in height and in length of construction.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

The figures numbered from 1 to 10 show the path necessary to obtain a definition of fundamental form.

FIG. 11 represents a schematic view from above of the universal construction element (A) according to the invention, in order to highlight the very characteristic shape of the element so that it is universal.

FIG. 12 represents a schematic view from above of the universal construction element specifying the method of obtaining the 2 half blocks of the device, including a left part (B) and a right part (C). The 2 elements (B) and (C) thus constituted, respectively represent 50% of the length of the element (A) and are used to start or stop a wall or even to make the framing (tables) of doors and windows.

FIG. 13 represents an isometric view of the universal building element according to the invention.

Figure 14 shows a schematic top view of the device according to the invention allowing using a single model of the universal building element (A), to be able to start a right angle on each of the 2 ends of the item (A).

FIG. 15 represents a schematic view from above, of an example of an embodiment of a small building comprising right angles and using only this single model of universal block (A), of one size, to carry out the entirety of a such construction, while retaining a perfect nesting of the elements between them.

FIG. 16 represents a schematic view from above of an example of a more complex wall, comprising internal and external right angles, and integrating the half blocks (B) and (C) at the ends to stop the walls cleanly without it 'there is to make a cut. The arrows indicate how the element (A) evolves in space to make the opposite part of the double wall as well as the right angle

FIG. 17 represents a schematic relief view of an example of a wall constructed according to the method of the invention using this universal block (A) and the half blocks (B) and (C) at the ends, revealing the half height of offset of the elements in front of identical elements opposite them.

FIG. 18 shows the use of universal blocks of half a height (D) in order to achieve the seat of one of the two walls in order to obtain the offset in height of the blocks facing the identical blocks which are opposite them. This row of half-height blocks will then be transferred to the last row on the same side in order to obtain flat chaining.

FIGS. 19 and 20 represent a schematic relief view of the nesting of an element (A) facing 4 identical elements (A) which are opposite it demonstrating the nesting of an element within the wall, each element opposite being itself nested with 4 opposite elements. FIG. 20 also shows that it is for example possible to obtain an internal space represented for example by the hollow tube which can be reserved for the implementation of a post or for example for the passage of ducts or a duct, knowing that this space will extend vertically over the entire height of the construction since each block comes to be superimposed precisely on the block below, this internal space can take multiple appearances and sizes as long as it does not put back the structural strength of the element.

Fig 21, according to a minor modification on a part of the universal construction element, allows indifferently to carry out a construction on an existing slab via the addition of a guide or on chairs on stilts.

Figs 22 and fig 23 show, according to a minor modification (E) relating to a part of the universal construction element and by adding an annex part (F) which is none other than a modified part (B), that the method also makes it possible to produce dividing walls nested in the other walls without there being a break in the nesting and without it being necessary to use a binder between the main wall and the wall to split.

Figure 24 presents some examples of variations of this building element showing that it can be full, hollow or filled with concrete, sand or other materials, or even partitioned, in order to obtain insulating performance, but it could just as well be dimpled or contain any form of reinforcement or structure inside.

FIG. 25 shows a hollow version of the element described in the invention, containing an internet reinforcement and more or less significant orifices on the sides of the element, in the direction of the length of the element in the direction of the alignment of the elements in order to become self-shuttering to receive for example concrete and scrap.

FIG. 26 shows that it is possible by assembling 4 identical elements to constitute square posts, the nesting being carried out by offset by half a height of an element facing the 2 adjacent elements, the post being able to be full, hollow or self shuttering according to variants of the invention.

It is thus possible to build both a garden shed, a tool shed, and a sizeable pleasure chalet, installed on a system of chairs formed by 2 joists screwed on each side of a post taken from the ground, implying that there is then no need to have foundations over the entire length of the construction, but also all types of buildings with more or less complex shapes, mainly using one and the same universal block model of unique size and shape. According to some minor modifications made from the shape of this universal block, it is also possible to build an interior partition or an entire interior room of a house

-6maintained on the floor and on the ceiling, to carry out nested pre-framing at the construction and intended to receive door blocks or to realize angles in the walls whose angle would be different from 90 degrees.

Such a universal block, of a single size and a single form being usable on 95 to

98% of all constructions, the other blocks (1/2 blocks B and C), half-height seat block (D) repeating the forms identical to the universal model, mass production is therefore possible, making it possible to obtain optimized production costs, especially if the raw materials used in its production come from recycling. The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and shown and the person skilled in the art will know how to make any variant which conforms to his spirit.

Claims (10)

1) Asymmetrical polygonal shape intended for the invention characterized in that: - We create a rectangle (abcd) composed of 2 squares (abef) and (cdfe). - We then create a rectangle (ecgh) where the dimension (cg) will represent the covering thickness of the element which will later be opposite to the created part. - We transfer the surface and the shape of the rectangle (ecgh) on the right (df) inside the square (dcef) in order to create a rectangle (dfil). - Then we just transfer the surface and the shape of the rectangle (ecgh) to the right (af) inside the square (abef) in order to create a rectangle (afij). - In the square (abef), we draw a diagonal in (bf) in order to obtain an isosceles right triangle (abf). The diagonal (bf) of the square (abef) intersects the line (ij) at a point called (k). A new isosceles right triangle is created in (bkj) as shown in Fig 1. - Inside this triangle (bkj), we create one or more polygonal shapes which can be hybrid, which can include curved and / or rectilinear parts, closed by a line segment (jk), excluding the vertex ( b) and part of the segment (bk) starting from the top (b) in order to create an empty space represented by way of example by the hatched part in the illustration of FIG. 2. - We hollow out the external part of these geometric shapes (hatched part) to keep only the geometric shape (s) created (Fig 3) that we add to the polygon (afkj) by removing the sections of the line (jk) of such so as to obtain a more imposing unique and closed geometric shape which now fits into the isosceles right triangle (abf) (Fig 4). - Once this first geometric shape created inside the isosceles right triangle (abf), it is transferred symmetrically on the diagonal (bf) in the second isosceles triangle (bef) constituting the square (abef) so that the angle ( a) overlap the angle (e) as shown in Fig 5, and taking care to delete beforehand the line segments (be), (bk) and (ik), then we delete the line segment (kf) to obtain a second larger closed geometric shape as illustrated in FIG. 6. - We then delete the line segment (ce) then we copy this second shape which is rotated 90 ° from the South of the geometric shape to the East so that the South side of the geometric shape is found at ballast. - As illustrated in Fig 7, once the South of this second shape faces East, we place this second shape in the square (hgli) so that the angle (f) of this second geometric shape is at the location of the angle (g) and that the angle (a) is at the location of the angle (I) as illustrated in Fig 8 having taken care beforehand to delete the line segment (it ). - Then we hollow out the surface of this second geometric shape which has just been transferred in the square (hgli) in order to obtain a negative of this second geometric shape transferred in which the solid surface becomes empty as highlighted by the hatched part in Fig 9. -8REVENDICATIONS - Finally, we delete the line segment (he), then the line segment (hg), (gl) and all the points on the right (ef) forming a separation between the left half and the right half of the figure obtained in order to form an entire closed figure as illustrated in the G illustrated in FIG. 10. The closed polygonal shape thus obtained is an asymmetrical universal construction element (A). 2) universal asymmetric three-dimensional building element (A) according to claim 1 comprising a length (x) along a longitudinal axis, a height (y) along a vertical axis, a width (z) equal to a 1/2 length (x) along a transverse axis, two plane end surfaces forming a perimeter comprising an irregular closed polygon perpendicular to the longitudinal axis on the horizontal plane, in which the end surfaces are separated I a on the other by the height (y) of the building element, in which a cross section of the building element over its entire length and perpendicular to its longitudinal axis is a congruent plane and parallel to the end surfaces, characterized in that the end surface consisting of a predetermined shape, not limited in shape, asymmetrical, fundamental, comprises on several of its faces tenons and mortises of a predetermined number born, not limited, but of a fundamental asymmetrical positioning, allowing its assembly with its identical ones which are opposite or opposed to it at an angle of ninety degrees on the longitudinal axis, by making it integral by nesting of its tenons by vertical translation of a fraction of height in the mortises of the elements which are opposite to it or opposed to an angle of ninety degrees on the longitudinal axis and simultaneously integral by overlap, with the elements which are adjacent to it, in view to form flat rectilinear surfaces with or without internal and or external right angles, surfaces with internal and external angles, rectilinear double monolithic walls with or without internal and / or external right angles, from a set made up exclusively of the same building elements. 3) Building element according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the perimeter constituting the end surface can be of hybrid shape and include straight lines and curves whether they are convex and or concave. 4) Building element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least one of the two end surfaces or a cross section of the building element is not planar. 5) Building element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building element can be manufactured by cutting, assembly, molding, extrusion, folding and made of all types of material capable of retaining its shape without deformation after manufacturing. -9REVENDICATIONS 6) Building element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building element can be full, hollow, filled for all or part of an insulating material or filled with other materials for all or part intended for various applications, partitioned or honeycombed in order to obtain insulating performance, contain all forms of structural reinforcement or all forms or volumes in order to ensure free space inside the element. 7) Building element according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that it allows any element, after nesting, in its identical opposite to it, to translate freely throughout the height of the opposite element or d 'an adjacent element arranged at an angle of 90 degrees. 8) linear construction element characterized in that it is formed by fitting a plurality of construction elements of claims 1, 2 and 3 in a linear or linear direction having one or more internal and or external right angles, without qu 'it is not necessary to have an element of different shape or size, without the need for any modification of the element. 9) Construction element according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that said construction element is cut in two along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in the transverse direction (z), so as to produce two construction elements different (B and C) of half a length (x) each one each being able to be nested with said building element in order to carry out planar starts and stops on flat surfaces or double walls, or to be assembled together to form a smaller item. 10) linear construction element according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 9, characterized in that it comprises two end pieces obtained according to claim 9, wherein an end element is the first element of the two elements d a 1/2 length of one element and the other end element is the second element of the two 1/2 length elements described in claim 9.