EP4237636A1

EP4237636A1 - Moulded construction block

Info

Publication number: EP4237636A1
Application number: EP20711852.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Daniel Mouton
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-03-11
Filing date: 2020-03-11
Publication date: 2023-09-06
Also published as: WO2021180317A1

Abstract

The invention relates mainly to a block (1) comprising two construction elements (2) secured to one another, characterized in that each construction element (2) comprises fitting-together and centring means of a first type referred to as male (43), which are formed on one of its upper or lower faces, and fitting-together and centring means of a second type referred to as female (44) of a shape that complements that of the male fitting-together and centring means (43) and which are formed on the opposite, upper or lower, face, in that the fitting-together and centring means of one same type (43, 44) are formed on set-forward faces (40) of the construction elements (2), and in that the fitting-together and centring means of the other type (43, 44) are formed on the set-back faces (41) of the construction elements (2).

Description

Molded building block

The invention falls within the field of building and construction. The object of the present invention is to provide improvements in the construction of building walls by means of molded concrete blocks interlocking with each other, without the absolute need for bonding by a mortar or glue, which allow, by combination assembly of these blocks, to compose walls of multiple thicknesses, rectilinear and curved, eliminating the problem related to crossing assembly joints, both horizontal and vertical, while facilitating the passage of electrical ducts and / or networks water supply recessed through orifices provided for this purpose during prefabrication.

The vast majority of blocks offered and placed on the market are blocks of so-called "heavy" aggregates (breeze blocks, rubble stones), even lightened for some, which have no particular thermal resistance, or relatively low, and require the addition of insulating materials from the inside and / or from the outside in order to meet the requirements of thermal regulations and their evolutions.

These blocks are implemented according to well-known and clearly established techniques by superimposing rows of blocks and by sealing the blocks by means of cement mortar by aligning them by means of cord and plumb line.

Newer and more sophisticated blocks of this type, incorporating both insulators of various kinds, polystyrene, rock wool, polyurethane foam or others and interlocking details facilitating their vertical and / or horizontal alignments, but still requiring sealing by means of cement mortar or specific glue, have been on the market for many years. [0006] The various lightweight aggregate blocks such as aerated concrete blocks, pumice concrete, slate concrete and others, as well as honeycomb terracotta bricks today hold a significant place in the construction market. construction where minimum thermal insulation performance is required by Regulation.

[0007] All these blocks or bricks are still very consuming on site labor and are, for some, quite difficult to implement both by the adhesives which have become very technical products in their preparation and in their conditions of use. implementation (precise dosage, limited opening time, rate dampness of blocks or bricks, climatic conditions during installation) than by the meticulous timing imposed by gluing by "thin joint".

The losses of products, both glues and blocks or bricks, are sensitive and their cost greater than for the losses of basic products such as heavy aggregate blocks and their laying mortar.

[0009] New blocks based on natural fibers have appeared in recent years and, by the nature of their base material (hemp, flax, miscanthus, rapeseed, etc.), provide a significant improvement in insulation performance thermal and acoustic, but bring little or no real gain in terms of the need for installation labor because they take the forms and laying techniques common to heavy or light aggregate blocks.

Professional rules, in particular those of the Association "Construire en hemp", have been published for ten years and make it possible to supervise the production of hemp works both in concrete formulations and in constructive principles to be observed.

As regards the materials, several suppliers today offer fibers (hemp seed, flax shives, rapeseed straw) in various forms of packaging, generally per bag of 200 liters or approximately 20 kg, which are available at building materials dealers and some DIY stores.

[0012] Cement manufacturers also offer ready-to-use binders composed specifically for these concrete based on plant fibers.

These materials have thus passed the course of a diffusion limited to the first essayists to a diffusion open to all by large-scale marketing channels since they are at the same time increasingly accepted by a large number of users and recognized by the construction insurance regime.

[0014] Furthermore, the use of straw bales also seems to arouse renewed interest which, however, remains marginal, in view of the size of the construction market, and essentially practiced by self-builders. [0015] Although attractive in a simplistic approach which boils down to stacking straw bales, this technique is not as easy in its implementation both by the self-weight of the boots, as by the cuts to be made on them. here at the places of junction with other elements: wooden posts and tie rods, doors and windows, that of the realization of the plasters, on a resilient support, of which the execution times are well longer than on a wall made of blocks or bricks and which often requires a preliminary leveling, using a chainsaw or a brush cutter, of the surfaces to be coated.

The wall thicknesses induced by the straw bales, approximately 35 to 45 cm, seem to be better accepted today by customers than in the still near past where the search for the best shon / shob ratio (surface area net / gross floor area) was preferred, especially since today additional building area bonuses are granted by certain communities with the aim of facilitating good thermal insulation without penalizing the living area of the project.

All the existing blocks or bricks are generally available in several manufacturing widths but only allow a wall thickness to be made corresponding to the width of the chosen block, up to about 45 cm for some honeycomb terracotta bricks or 50 cm for aerated concrete blocks. These blocks and bricks are stackable but are not designed to easily compose walls of multiple widths by combining them together. Heavy aggregate blocks mounted in cement mortar, such as concrete blocks for example, can obviously be assembled so as to compose walls thicker than the manufacturing width of said heavy aggregate blocks, but this type of mounting does not provide more thermal resistance to the work thus produced and it is not resorted to this type of assembly for the construction of housing walls, by simple common sense.

Blocks of plant fibers, mostly hemp, are generally available up to a width of 30 cm regardless of their shape. The thermal resistance of the block in this width is certainly sufficient to meet the regulations but with a minimalist threshold which can only be increased significantly by increasing the width of the blocks or, less significantly, by improving the concrete formulations to the detriment of the mechanical resistance of the blocks and therefore of the wall they constitute.

Only certain perfectly parallelepipedal solid blocks, of hemp in particular, make it possible to compose walls in different thicknesses; however, they need to be mounted with a lime-based mortar, which makes their assembly time almost identical to lightweight blocks of aggregates. Furthermore, the passage of the electrical ducts and the plumbing networks in the walls is very largely carried out on the site by embedding by means of more or less well made slits which must then be recapped. These works, which are sources of nuisance (noise, dust and rubble), can sometimes cause damage to other built-in structures, to vapor barriers, can be the source of sometimes damaging cracks and have a cost of sensitive workforce.

To overcome the various drawbacks mentioned above, the object of the invention is to provide molded building blocks allowing the construction of building walls and whose characteristics provide both greater simplicity in their implementation and allow, by assembly composition, to achieve thick walls, thicker than the widths of block-type products offered on the market, which offers the customer and the user high thermal insulation associated with better indoor hygrometric comfort , obtained in particular by the properties of concrete based on plant fibers or cellular concrete, allowing to compose, with identical building blocks, walls thicker than the standards of existing products.

[0023] Another advantage of molded building blocks is to concomitantly solve a significant part of the problems related to the embedding of electrical ducts and water supply networks in the walls.

To this end, the invention relates to an asymmetric molded building block, comprising two parallelepipedal building elements each comprising four side faces, including two longitudinal side faces, and two respectively upper and lower faces opposite and perpendicular to the side faces, which construction elements are secured to each other via two facing longitudinal faces and are offset with respect to each other in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axes of the construction elements called longitudinal offset, and in a direction perpendicular to the upper faces and lower of said so-called vertical offset elements to form projecting faces and recessed faces perpendicular to the side faces, characterized in that each construction element comprises centering and interlocking means of a first so-called male type provided on the one of its upper or lower faces, and means of centr age and interlocking of a second type called female of shape complementary to that of the centering and male interlocking means and which are provided on its face opposite upper or lower, in that the centering and interlocking means of the same type are provided on the projecting faces of the construction elements, and in that the centering and interlocking means of the other type are provided on the recessed faces of the construction elements.

The block can also include the following optional characteristics considered in isolation or according to all the possible technical combinations:

The centering and female interlocking means are provided on the projecting faces of the construction elements, and in that the centering and male interlocking means are provided on the recessed faces of said construction elements.

The two construction elements are symmetrical with respect to a point on the contact surface between the two construction elements.

The centering and male interlocking means comprise at least one stud projecting from the upper or lower face in question.

The point of symmetry is located on a line segment perpendicular to the upper and lower faces, the stud and said segment being aligned with the same transverse axis of the construction element.

Each construction element comprises two centering and male interlocking studs and two centering and female interlocking studs aligned on the longitudinal axis of the construction element considered, and in that the longitudinal offset along the longitudinal axis is substantially equal to the center distance of the studs of said block.

The height of the vertical offset is between 1 / 25th and 1 / 6th of the height of said block.

The interlocking male and female centering means are of a height substantially equal to the height of the vertical offset.

The male nestable centering means have a volume slightly less than the volume of the female nestable centering means.

The block comprises at least one vertical through orifice formed in one of the construction elements and extending in the direction perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of said construction element. Each construction element has the shape of a straight block and comprises two transverse lateral faces perpendicular to its longitudinal lateral faces, and in that the through-hole and the centering and interlocking stud are aligned on the same transverse axis of the considered construction element.

The location of the through hole is indicated on one of the side faces of the block with a mark.

The material constituting the block is a concrete fiber of plant origin chosen from among hemp seed, flax shives, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugar cane, rapeseed straw, wood, coconut fiber, palm fiber or other fiber of plant origin, cellular concrete, pumice concrete, clay ball concrete, slate concrete, concrete of another material of mineral origin, synthetic fiber concrete or high performance fiber concrete.

The invention also relates to a set of blocks as described above which comprises a series of rectilinear blocks and a series of similar curved blocks.

Finally, the invention relates to a wall comprising blocks as described above, of which at least one row of this wall comprises at least two blocks. [0028] According to a first characteristic, the invention provides a molded building block which is in one piece and which is called "main block" in the remainder of the description. The main block comprises two parallelepipedal construction elements each comprising two longitudinal side faces, two transverse side faces and two opposing upper and lower faces, respectively, perpendicular to the side faces. The two construction elements of the block are secured to each other via two longitudinal side faces, and are offset with respect to each other in a longitudinal direction called longitudinal offset, and in a direction perpendicular to the upper and lower faces called vertical offset , to form protruding faces and recessed faces perpendicular to the side faces.

In the remainder of the description, the term "vertical" will be assimilated to any direction perpendicular to the protruding and recessed faces, while the term "horizontal" will be assimilated to any direction parallel to these protruding and recessed faces . Each construction element of the block comprises centering and interlocking means of a first type called male provided on one of its upper or lower faces, and centering means of a second type known as female provided on its opposite upper or lower face. Thus, the centering and male and female interlocking means are of complementary shape.

The centering and interlocking means of the same type are provided on the projecting faces of the building block, while the centering and interlocking means of the other type are provided on the recessed faces of said building block. Thus, the horizontal and vertical offsets generate a discontinuity in the same plane, vertical as well as horizontal crossing assembly joints, whether in simple superposition of the blocks or in overlapping superposition for the walls composed in thickness greater than the width. from the main block. This discontinuity of the assembly joints makes it possible to consolidate a wall resulting from the assembly of the blocks of the invention, and thus to achieve walls thicker than the width of said blocks. Preferably, as shown in particular in FIG. 1, the centering and male interlocking means are provided on the recessed faces of the block, while the centering and female interlocking means are provided on the sides in protrusion.

[0032] More specifically, the centering and male interlocking means comprise at least one cylindrical stud, called the male stud, able to cooperate with at least one orifice of complementary shape forming the centering and female interlocking means. In the remainder of the description, the cylindrical orifices forming the female centering and interlocking means will be called female studs. Of course, the shape of the studs can be different, as long as the male studs and the female studs are of complementary shape.

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal offset of the main block, along its longitudinal vertical axis, may be substantially equal to the center distance of the studs of said block, in order to break the continuity of the vertical assembly joint passing through between two abutting blocks, on the one hand, and to ensure the regularity of the interlocking with the other blocks, on the other hand.

Similarly, the height of the vertical offset of the main block, along its longitudinal vertical axis, may be between 1 / 25th and 1 / 6th of the total height of the block, in order to break the continuity of the joint of horizontal assembly crossing between two superimposed blocks. Furthermore, the height of the centering and interlocking studs may be substantially equal to the height of the vertical offset previously indicated.

A wall made from blocks comprises at least one row formed of blocks according to the invention, and in particular such a wall comprises rectilinear blocks as well as blocks curved in several radii in order to implement a construction method on a point which is not present in the majority of the ranges of existing products on the market.

Thus, by an additional characteristic, a set of blocks of the wall comprises a series of rectilinear main blocks and a series of curved main blocks declined in different radii which can be included in a non-limiting manner between 2.00 meters and 6, 00 meters.

The mutual interlocking between the blocks are ensured by centering studs, male and female, which allow, by slight difference in dimensions between the male studs and the female studs, to compensate for any manufacturing irregularities, of a on the one hand, and to compensate for the slight misalignment, due to the radius of curvature, of the studs of the bent blocks relative to the studs of the rectilinear blocks, on the other hand. In other words, the diameter and depth of each cylindrical hole forming the female stud are slightly greater than the diameter and depth of each male stud. These differences in dimensions between male and female studs also allow straight walls to be associated with curved walls at their junction or intersection point.

According to the invention, the building wall comprises the main blocks described above, and also complementary blocks among which half blocks each formed of a construction element described above, quarter blocks formed of a construction element according to an alternative embodiment, or also of chain half-blocks and corner blocks. These various main and complementary blocks will be described more precisely below, in connection with the figures. Complementary blocks, associated with the main blocks, allow all combinations of current wall assemblies, end of walls, protruding or re-entering wall angle, at crossings or at the junction with a cross wall, or for a reservation of an element of the supporting structure. In particular, the half-chaining blocks make it possible to produce the chaining, the lintels, the reinforcements under the window sills for example, or various other concrete reinforcements in particular, and the edges of the floor. [0041] According to an additional feature, additional non-honeycomb blocks are opened by a recess, which makes it possible to erect walls when the supporting structure, in general wood, is already made, while the majority of existing systems do not offer only honeycomb blocks which can only be passed around an existing post, or a metal reinforcement cage, through the top of this post or this cage, which is impossible if the post is already linked at the head to beams or other construction elements.

[0042] According to another feature, the wall is erected according to a construction method which thus comprises the combined laying of rectilinear main blocks and complementary rectilinear blocks mutually associable or interlocking with each other, as well as the combined laying of curved main blocks and of Complementary curved blocks mutually associable or interlocking with each other, so that the walls formed by the rectilinear blocks are associated with the walls formed by the curved blocks, by mutual interlocking of the rectilinear blocks and the curved blocks at their junction point or at their intersection.

By its particular shape, the main block allows both a wall composition of thickness equal to the width of the main block, the blocks being arranged in rows and superimposed directly on each other with a longitudinal offset, between two superimposed rows of the wall, at a distance equal to half the length of a construction element or half a block in the longitudinal direction of the wall, and, for thicker wall compositions, by l addition on one side of a complementary block of the half-block type or of a main block, or even of several main or complementary blocks, which are held together by overlapping the main blocks of the upper row.

To ensure this overlap, it suffices, during installation, to return the main block by a half turn or a quarter turn around a vertical axis perpendicular to the protruding and recessed faces of said block , the reversibility of it working in both cases.

These wall compositions in different thicknesses, which will be described more precisely below, from the blocks proposed by the present invention, can thus find place in different places of the same construction, on the north facade for example with a wall thicker than the other walls of the building. Thus, by an additional characteristic, the thickness of the rectilinear and / or curved walls can be made up at a pitch at least equal to the width of the main block or a multiple of half of this same width.

The general embodiment of the walls is similar to the majority of other systems by superimposing the main blocks and / or half-blocks, offset by a half-block between two rows of superimposed blocks, placed by simple interlocking , without absolute need for mortar or glue, without it being useful to describe the various operations of realization of the structural parts out of wood or reinforced concrete which come under their DTU.

Finally, the main blocks as well as the complementary blocks have through orifices called vertical orifices which, whatever the assembly combination of the blocks, provide a passage for the electrical ducts in particular, without the need to subsequently groove the wall on site. These passages are marked on the faces of the blocks to facilitate the positioning during drilling, on site, of the reservation of the electrical boxes and / or of the water supply network outlets.

Each vertical orifice is formed in the block in question and extends between the upper face and the lower face of said block, in a direction perpendicular to said upper and lower faces. More preferably, each vertical orifice is aligned with a centering and interlocking stud on the same transverse axis of the construction element considered or of the complementary block considered.

The wall construction method has the following chronological implementation characteristic:

- Installation of reinforcement cages on the waiting reinforcements left at the level of a paving or a previously completed floor, if it is a construction with a reinforced concrete structure;

- Creation of a water-repellent mortar bed at the planned location of the walls to be erected

- Laying, adjustment and alignment of the first lower row of blocks on the mortar bed

- Installation by interlocking the upper rows offset at each row by a distance equal to half the length of a construction element or half a block in the longitudinal direction of the wall, that is to say in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axes of the building elements; - At this stage and according to the configurations specific to each construction, installation of the half-chaining blocks necessary for the possible realization of the horizontal reinforcements in reinforced concrete under the window sills;

- As soon as the fourth row of blocks is installed: pouring the concrete of the vertical reinforcements up to halfway up the blocks of the fourth row, and pouring the concrete of any horizontal reinforcements present in this height;

- Installation by interlocking the upper rows of blocks offset at each row by a distance equal to half the length of a construction element or half a block in the longitudinal direction of the wall to the lower level lintels;

- Installation by interlocking of the half-block chains necessary for the realization of the lintels and installation of their reinforcements;

- Concrete pouring of vertical reinforcements and lintels;

- Installation by interlocking the upper rows offset at each row by a distance equal to half the length of a construction element or half a block in the longitudinal direction of the wall to the lower level of the chains or the underside of the floor;

- Installation by interlocking of the half-blocks of chaining necessary for the realization of the chaining and / or the edges of the floor, and laying of their reinforcements;

- Pouring of the additional concrete for the vertical reinforcements and the chains;

- Tracing and cutting of the reservations of the electrical boxes and outlet of the water supply networks at the chosen location visualized by a mark on the lateral face of the blocks;

- Pulling of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks in the passages leading to this reservation.

The constituent material of the blocks can be a concrete of fiber of plant origin (hemp seed, flax shives, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugar cane, rapeseed straw, wood fiber or other fiber of 'plant origin), cellular concrete, pumice concrete, clay ball concrete, slate concrete, concrete of other material of mineral origin, synthetic fiber concrete, fiber concrete high performance, according to customer specifications, both in terms of the desired performance in mechanical resistance and in the desired performance in thermal resistance. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures:

[0053] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building block molded according to the invention referred to as the main block;

Figure 2 shows the main block of Figure 1 in top view;

Figure 3 shows the main block of Figure 1 in side view;

[0056] Figure 4 shows the main block of Figure 1 viewed from another side

[0057] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a building block according to a first variant embodiment of the invention;

[0058] FIG. 6 represents the main block of FIG. 5 in top view;

Figure 7 shows the main block of Figure 5 in side view;

[0060] Figure 8 shows the main block of Figure 5 viewed from another side

[0061] Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a building block according to a second embodiment of the invention;

Figure 10 shows the main block of Figure 9 in top view;

Figure 11 shows the main block of Figure 9 in side view;

[0064] Figure 12 shows the main block of Figure 9 viewed from another side

[0065] Figure 13 shows a perspective view of a construction element of the invention forming a half-block;

FIG. 14 represents the half-block of FIG. 13 in top view; FIG. 15 represents the half-block of FIG. 13 in side view;

[0068] Figure 16 shows the half block of Figure 13 viewed from another side; Figure 17 shows a perspective view of a construction element according to a first variant forming a quarter block;

FIG. 18 represents the quarter block of FIG. 17 in top view; Figure 19 shows the quarter block of Figure 17 in side view;

[0072] FIG. 20 represents a perspective view of the half-block of FIG. 13 with right recess;

FIG. 21 represents the half-block of FIG. 20 in top view;

[0074] FIG. 22 represents the half-block of FIG. 20 in side view; Figure 23 shows the half-block of Figure 20 seen from another side;

FIG. 24 represents a perspective view of the half-block of FIG. 13 with left recess;

FIG. 25 represents the half-block of FIG. 24 in top view;

[0078] FIG. 26 represents the half-block of FIG. 24 in side view;

[0079] Figure 27 shows the half block of Figure 24 viewed from another side;

FIG. 28 represents a perspective view of the half-block of FIG. 13 with central recess;

FIG. 29 represents the half-block of FIG. 28 in top view;

FIG. 30 represents the half-block of FIG. 28 in side view;

[0083] Figure 31 shows the half block of Figure 28 viewed from another side;

FIG. 32 represents a perspective view of the quarter block of FIG.

17 with recess;

FIG. 33 represents the quarter block of FIG. 32 in top view;

Figure 34 shows the quarter block of Figure 32 in side view;

Figure 35 shows a perspective view of the molded building block according to a second embodiment forming a curved main block;

Figure 36 shows the curved main block of Figure 35 in top view;

Figure 37 shows the curved main block of Figure 35 in side view

[0090] Figure 38 shows the arched main block of Figure 35 viewed from another side;

[0091] Figure 39 shows a perspective view of an internal construction element according to a second embodiment forming an internal curved half-block;

FIG. 40 represents the internal curved half-block of FIG. 39 in top view;

Figure 41 shows the internal curved half-block of Figure 39 in side view; [0094] Figure 42 shows the internal curved half-block of Figure 39 viewed from another side;

FIG. 43 represents a perspective view of an external construction element according to a second embodiment forming an external curved half-block; FIG. 44 represents the external curved half-block of FIG. 43 in top view;

FIG. 45 represents the external curved half-block of FIG. 43 in side view;

[0098] Figure 46 shows the outer curved half-block of Figure 43 viewed from another side;

Figure 47 shows a perspective view of an internal construction element according to a first variant of the second embodiment forming an internal curved quarter block;

[00100] FIG. 48 represents the internal arched quarter block of FIG. 47 in top view;

[00101] FIG. 49 represents the internal arched quarter block of FIG. 47 in side view;

[00102] FIG. 50 represents a perspective view of an external construction element according to a first variant of the second embodiment forming an external curved quarter block;

[00103] FIG. 51 represents the outer curved quarter block of FIG. 50 in top view;

[00104] FIG. 52 represents the outer curved quarter block of FIG. 50 in side view;

[00105] Figure 53 shows a perspective view of a molded building block according to a third embodiment of the invention forming two half-block-chaining;

[00106] FIG. 54 represents the two half block-chaining of FIG. 53 in top view;

[00107] FIG. 55 represents the two half-block-chaining of FIG. 53 in a bottom view;

[00108] Figure 56 shows one of the half block-chaining female studs of Figure 53 in side view;

[00109] Figure 57 shows the two half block-chaining of Figure 53 seen from another side;

Figures 58 and 59 show an angle block-chaining with male studs, each from a different perspective angle; [00111] FIG. 60 represents the angle block-chaining with male studs of FIG. 58 in top view;

[00112] Figure 61 shows the angle block-chaining with male studs of Figure 58 in side view; [00113] Figures 62 and 63 show an angle block-chaining with female studs, each from a different perspective angle;

[00114] Figure 64 shows the female stud corner block-chaining of Figure 62 in top view;

[00115] Figure 65 shows the female stud corner block-chaining of Figure 62 in side view;

[00116] FIG. 66 represents a superposition in three rows in single thickness of three main blocks of FIG. 1, in side view;

[00117] FIG. 67 represents, for the solution of FIG. 66, a layout of the first lower row of the blocks, at an angle, with a recess for the supporting structure, in top view;

[00118] FIG. 68 represents a layout of the second row of blocks superimposed on the first row of blocks of FIG. 67, at an angle, with a recess for the supporting structure, in top view;

[00119] FIG. 69 represents a three-row superposition composed in thickness of main blocks of FIG. 1 and of half-blocks of FIG. 13, in side view;

[00120] FIG. 70 represents, for the solution composed of FIG. 69, a layout of the first lower row of the blocks, at an angle, with a recess for the supporting structure, in top view; [00121] FIG. 71 represents a layout of the second row of the blocks superimposed on the first row of blocks of FIG. 70, at an angle, with a recess for the supporting structure, in top view;

[00122] FIG. 72 represents a three-row superposition composed in thickness of two main blocks of FIG. 1, in side view; [00123] FIG. 73 represents, for the solution composed of FIG. 72, a layout of the first lower row of the blocks, at an angle, with a recess for the supporting structure, in top view; [00124] FIG. 74 represents a layout of the second row of the blocks superimposed on the first row of blocks of FIG. 72, at an angle, with a recess for the supporting structure, in top view.

[00125] It is first of all specified that in the figures, the same references designate the same elements regardless of the figure in which they appear and regardless of the form of representation of these elements. Likewise, if elements are not specifically referenced in one of the figures, their references can easily be found by referring to another figure.

[00126] It is also specified that the figures essentially represent embodiments of the object of the invention but that there may be other embodiments which meet the definition of the invention.

[00127] Details of the blocks:

Referring to these figures, the main unit 1 in a first embodiment illustrated by Figures 1 to 4, comprises:

- A one-piece body formed of two construction elements 2 joined together. Each construction element 2 has the shape of a straight block with a rectangular section, extends along a longitudinal axis, and comprises two longitudinal side faces, two transverse side faces, and two upper and lower faces perpendicular to the side faces. The two construction elements 2 are secured to each other via two facing longitudinal faces and are offset with respect to each other in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axes of the construction elements 2 called longitudinal offset, by a substantially equal distance half the length 21 of each construction element 2. The total length 20 of the block 1 is therefore equal to the length 21 of the construction element 2 plus this half of the length. On the other hand, the two construction elements 2 are offset in a direction perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of said elements called vertical offset V to form projecting faces 40 and recessed faces 41 perpendicular to the side faces;

- Centering and interlocking means of a first type called male 43 provided on the recessed upper and lower faces 41 of the block 1, and centering and interlocking means of a second type called female 44 in the form of complementary to that of the centering and male interlocking means 43 and which are provided on the upper and lower projecting faces 40 of the block 1. The female centering and interlocking means 44 are formed of two cylindrical orifices 17 called female centering and interlocking studs 17, and the male centering and interlocking means 43 are formed of two cylinders 16 forming the centering studs and male interlocking 16;

- The two construction elements 2 of block 1 are symmetrical with respect to a point O located on a straight line segment perpendicular to the upper and lower faces. In addition, the male stud 16 considered and said segment are aligned with the same transverse axis of the construction element considered 2. As block 1 does not have axial symmetry, it is said to be "asymmetrical";

- two vertical through holes 23 formed in one of the construction elements 2 of the block 1, behind a face 42 of the block, extending in the direction perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of said construction element 2. In addition , each through hole 23 and the centering and interlocking stud in question 16 are aligned with a transverse axis of the construction element in question 2;

- two vertical marks 25, indicating the position of the respective vertical holes

23, placed on the considered side face 42 of the block (1) near the vertical through holes 23.

The useful length 21 of the main block 1 is equal to the length of the construction element 2, and is equal or may be equal to a multiple, whole or not, to its width 19. In addition, in order to allow the regularity of the interlocking, the longitudinal offset L is equal to the center distance X of the male studs 16 of each construction element 2. Thus, the total length 20 of the block 1 is equal to the length 21 of the construction element 2 added together of this distance X.

The main block 1 can be declined in several useful lengths as illustrated by way of example in Figures 5 to 8 with the 1 bis block, and in Figures 9 to 12 with the 1 ter block.

Indeed, the block 1a comprises a construction element 2 identical to the construction elements of the block 1 of Figures 1 to 4 and which comprises two male studs 16 and two female studs 17, and a construction element 45 twice longer, comprising four female studs 17, four male studs 16 and four through holes 23. In particular, the construction element 2 is centered with respect to the construction element 45 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axes of said construction elements 2, 45, so that the two male studs 16 of the construction 2 is aligned with the two central female studs 17 of the construction element 45 along two respective transverse axes.

[00132] The block 1 ter comprises for its part two construction elements 45 each comprising four male studs 16 and four female studs 17, the two construction elements 45 being offset longitudinally by a distance equal to the center distance between two male studs 16 or female 17.

The height 26 of the main block 1, 1 bis, 1 ter is between 20 and 40 cm. In order to ensure the discontinuity of the assembly joint in the horizontal plane 29, that is to say which extends in a direction parallel to the projecting faces 40 and recessed 41 of the considered block 1, 1 bis, 1 ter, the vertical offset V of block (1, 1 bis, 1 ter is between 1 / 25th and 1 / 6th of the height 26 of block 1, 1 bis, 1 ter.

The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16 and 17 is substantially equal to the height of the vertical offset V of the block 1, 1 bis, 1 ter. Preferably, the volume of the male studs 16 is slightly less than the volume of the female studs 17.

In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks, in particular on the inner wall of the wall to be produced, the vertical through holes 23 may be included in a diameter of 16 to 30 millimeters. The vertical marks 25 indicating the location of the vertical through holes 23 are materialized by a marking or by an indentation of between 1 and 3 millimeters.

Referring to Figures 13 to 16, a complementary block 2 according to a first variant will now be described. This complementary block is a single construction element 2 as described above, and comprises:

- a one-piece body, of a length 22 equal to the useful length 21 of the main unit 1 of Figures 1 to 4;

- female centering and interlocking studs 17 on one of its lower or upper faces and male centering and interlocking studs 16 on its opposite lower or upper face, the complementary block 2 thus being able to be positioned and fitted on the other complementary blocks 2;

- Vertical through orifices 23, two of which are placed near the two transverse lateral faces of the block 2, and aligned on the longitudinal axis of the block 2 with the centering and interlocking studs 16 and 17; - Vertical marks 25, indicating the location of these vertical orifices 23, placed on the three lateral faces of the unit 2 where the vertical orifices passing through 23 are located.

The width 27 of the complementary block 2 is equal to half of its length 22 as well as to half of the width 19 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

The height of the complementary block 2 is equal to the height 26 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16 and 17 of the complementary block 2 is equal to the height of the same studs 16 and 17 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4. Preferably, the volume of the male studs 16 is slightly less than the volume of the female studs 17.

In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks, in particular on the inner wall of the wall to be produced, the vertical orifices passing through 23 of the complementary unit 2 are of identical diameters to those of the main block 1 of figures 1 to 4.

The vertical marks 25 showing the location of the vertical through holes 23 are identical to those of the main unit 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

Referring to Figures 17 to 19, a complementary block 3 according to a second variant will now be described. This complementary block 3 is of substantially cubic shape, and comprises:

- a one-piece body, of an identical length and width 28 and equal to half the length 22 of the complementary block according to the first variant 2 as well as the width 27 of the block 2 and half the width 19 of the main unit 1 according to Figures 1 to 4;

- a female interlocking stud 17 provided on one of its upper or lower face and a male interlocking stud 16 on its opposite upper or lower face, the complementary block 3 thus being able to be positioned and fitted onto the other blocks 1 , 1 bis, 1 ter, 2;

- two vertical through holes 23, each placed near two adjacent side faces of block 3, and each hole 23 being aligned with the stud 16, 17 in question on one of the central axes of block 3; - Vertical marks 25, showing the location of these vertical orifices 23, placed on the lateral faces of the unit 3 near the vertical orifices passing through 23.

The height of the complementary block 3 is equal to the height 26 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16 and 17 of the complementary block 3 is equal to the height of the same studs 16 and 17 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks, in particular on the inner wall of the wall to be produced, the vertical orifices passing through 23 of the complementary unit 3 are of identical diameters to those of the main block 1 of figures 1 to 4.

The vertical markers 25 showing the location of the vertical through holes 23 of the complementary block 3 are identical to those of the main block 1. Referring to Figures 20 to 27, a complementary block 4, 5 according to a third variant will now be described. This complementary block 4, 5 has the same dimensions as the complementary block 2 of Figures 13 to 16, but includes a quadrilateral recess made at one of its corners. In particular, the complementary block 4 of FIGS. 20 to 23 is called the right complementary block 4 and comprises a recess made at one of the corners of the block, and the complementary block 5 of FIGS. 24 to 27 is called the left complementary block 5 and comprises a recess formed at the level of the opposite corner relative to a median transverse axis of the block. The complementary block 4, 5 includes:

- Two centering and male interlocking studs 16, 16 ', one whole 16 having a circular shape in section and the other truncated having in section the shape of an angular sector forming a ¾ of a circle. The two male centering studs 16, 16 'are provided on one of the upper or lower faces of the block 4, 5. The complementary block also comprises two female studs 17, 17' formed on its opposite lower or upper face, the one integer forming an orifice with a circular section and the other truncated by forming an orifice having in section the shape of an angular sector forming a ¾ of a circle. The block complementary 4, 5 can thus be positioned and nested on the other complementary blocks 4, 5;

- three vertical through holes 23, two of which are placed near two adjacent side faces of the complementary block 4 and 5, the first hole 23 being aligned with the longitudinal axis of the block 4, 5 and the second hole 23 being aligned with the plot considered 16, 17 on a transverse axis. The second and third orifice 23 are formed near one of the longitudinal side faces 42, and said third orifice 23 is aligned with the relevant stud 16 ’, 17’ on another transverse axis;

- three vertical marks 25, showing the location of these vertical orifices 23, placed on the side faces of the complementary block 4, 5 near the vertical through holes 23;

[00150] The recess is provided over the entire height of the block in question, cutting off the centering and interlocking stud under consideration by a quarter of a circle. It also has a square shape in section. In addition to its height equal to that of the block, the recess has a width and a length equal to half the width 27 of the complementary block considered 4, 5.

The width 27 of the complementary block 4 and 5 is equal to half of its length 22 as well as to half of the width 19 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4. [00152] The height of the complementary block 4 , 5 is equal to the height 26 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

[00153] The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16, 16 ", 17, 17" is equal to the height of the same studs 16 and 17 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks, in particular on the inner wall of the wall to be produced, the vertical orifices passing through 23 of the complementary unit 4, 5 are of identical diameters to those of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

The vertical marks 25 showing the location of the vertical through holes 23 are identical to those of the main unit 1.

Referring to Figures 28 to 31, a complementary block 6 according to a fourth variant will now be described. This complementary block 6 has the same dimensions as the complementary block 2 of FIGS. 13 to 16, but comprises a lateral recess formed in a central portion of one of the longitudinal side walls of the block 6. The complementary block 6 comprises: - A one-piece body, of a length 22 equal to the useful length 21 of the main unit 1 of Figures 1 to 4;

- two truncated 16 ′ male centering and interlocking studs having in section the shape of an angular sector forming a ¾ of a circle. The two male centering studs 16, 16 'are formed on one of the upper or lower faces of the block 6. The complementary block also comprises two female studs 17' formed on its opposite lower or upper face, both truncated forming an orifice having in section the shape of an angular sector forming a ¾ of a circle. The complementary block 6 can thus be positioned and nested on the other complementary blocks 6;

- four vertical orifices passing through 23. Two of these orifices are placed near one of the longitudinal faces 42 of the block 6, each being aligned with the stud in question 16 ', 17' and a transverse axis of said complementary block 6. The two other orifices 23 are respectively placed near the two transverse faces of said complementary block 6, and are aligned with the longitudinal axis of block 6;

- Vertical marks 25, showing the location of these orifices 23, placed on the three lateral faces of the block 6 near the orifices 23;

The side recess has a rectangular section in section and is provided over the entire height of the complementary block 6, is of width equal to half the width 27 of the block 6 and of length equal to half of the length 22 of block 6. In addition, the recess cuts off each interlocking stud 16 ', 17' by a quarter of its volume.

The width 27 of the complementary block 6 is equal to half of its length 22 as well as to half of the width 19 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

The height of the complementary block 6 is equal to the height 26 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

[00160] The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16 "and 17" is equal to the height of the same studs 16 and 17 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks, in particular on the inner wall of the wall to be produced, the vertical orifices passing through 23 of the complementary unit 6 are of identical diameters to those of the main block 1 of figures 1 to 4. The vertical marks 25 showing the location of the vertical orifices passing through 23 of the complementary block 6 are identical to those of the main block 1. [00163] With reference to FIGS. 32 to 34, a complementary block 7 according to a fifth variant will now go be described. This complementary block 7 is of substantially cubic shape, and comprises a quadrilateral recess formed at one of its corners. Complementary block 7 includes:

- a one-piece body, of an identical length and width 28 and equal to half the length 22 of the complementary block according to the first variant 2 as well as the width 27 of the block 2 and half the width 19 of the main unit 1 of Figures 1 to 4;

- a female interlocking stud 17 'provided on one of its upper or lower face and a male interlocking stud 16' on its opposite upper or lower face, the complementary block 7 thus being able to be positioned and fitted onto the others blocks. The studs are truncated and in section have the shape of an angular sector forming a ¾ of a circle;

- two vertical through holes 23, each placed near two adjacent side faces of block 7, and each hole 23 being aligned with the relevant stud 16 ’, 17’ on one of the central axes of block 7;

- Vertical marks 25, showing the location of these orifices 23, placed on two side faces of the complementary unit 7 near the vertical through holes 23;

- A recess in a corner, over the entire height of the block (7), of identical dimensions on these sides and equal to half the width (28) of the block (7). The recess has a square shape in section and is made over the entire height of the block 7, and its width and its length are equal to half the width 28 of the complementary block 7. In addition, this recess cuts off each interlocking stud 16 ', 17' of a quarter of its volume.

The height of the complementary block 7 is equal to the height 26 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16 "and 17" is equal to the height of the same studs 16 and 17 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks, in particular on the inner wall of the wall to be produced, the orifices verticals passing through 23 of the complementary block 7 are of identical diameters to those of the main block 1 of FIGS. 1 to 4.

The vertical marks 25 showing the location of the vertical through holes 23 of the complementary block 7 are identical to those of the main block 1. Referring to Figures 35 to 37, a main block 8 according to a second embodiment is composed in the same way as the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4, that is to say it comprises two construction elements 9, 10 joined together via two longitudinal side faces; it is also called “main block” in the remainder of the description, but it is bent according to radii of curvature which can vary in a non-limiting manner between 2.00 meters and 6.00 meters. The construction elements 9, 10 are therefore also curved.

[00170] The main unit 8 therefore comprises a so-called internal construction element 9 and a so-called external construction element 10 secured together, each having two substantially planar transverse lateral faces, a convex longitudinal lateral face, a concave longitudinal lateral face 42 and two opposite upper and lower faces perpendicular to the side faces. The convex face of the internal element 9 is secured to the concave face 42 of the external element 10, [00171] With reference to Figures 39 to 42, a complementary internal curved block 9 will now be described. This internal complementary block 9 is a single construction element 9 as described in the previous paragraph, and therefore corresponds to the internal half of block 8 of FIGS. 35 to 38.

Referring to Figures 43 to 46, an external curved complementary block 10 will now be described. This external complementary block is a single construction element 10 as described above, and therefore corresponds to the external half of block 8 of FIGS. 35 to 38.

The complementary internal 9 and external 10 curved blocks are very similar in their technical characteristics (presence of centering and interlocking studs 16, 17, through holes 23 and marks 25) to the complementary block 2 shown in figures 13 to 16, the only difference residing in the curvature of the internal 9 and external 10 curved complementary blocks in variable radii of curvature identical to those of the main block 8.

Referring to Figures 47 to 49, an internal curved complementary block 11 according to a second variant will be described. This complementary internal curved block 11 corresponds to half of the internal curved block 9 of FIGS. 39 to 42 separated at the level of its median transverse axis. The complementary internal curved block 11 therefore comprises a single male stud 16, a single female stud 17, a single through orifice 23 and a single reference 25.

Referring to Figures 50 to 52, an external curved complementary block 12 according to a second variant will be described. This external curved complementary block 12 corresponds to half of the external curved block 10 of FIGS. 43 to 46 separated at the level of its median transverse axis. The external curved complementary block 12 therefore comprises a single male stud 16, a single female stud 17, a single through-hole 23 and a single reference 25.

The complementary blocks 11 and 12 therefore include the same technical characteristics as the complementary block 3 shown in Figures 17 to 19, the only difference residing in the curvature of the internal 11 and external 12 curved complementary blocks in identical variable radii of curvature to those of the main block 8.

Blocks with recesses according to Figures 20, 24, 28 and 32, but bent (not shown), with respectively similar recesses whose dimensions are however slightly altered by the effect of bending radii, are also part of the series of curved blocks.

The radii of curvature proposed in the range indicated above, but in a non-limiting manner, increase by successive steps corresponding each time to half the width (9 of the main block 8 of FIGS. 35 to 38.

A chaining block illustrated in Figures 53 to 57 comprises two half-blocks of chaining 13, 14, and allow the shuttering of works such as lintels, reinforcements under the window sills, chaining and, by single element right or left, that of the edges of floors. They are distinguished from each other by a difference in the thickness of their heel 32.

These chaining half-blocks 13, 14 are completed by an angle chaining block available in two versions 15a and 15b of different heel thickness, illustrated respectively by Figures 54 to 57 and 58 to 61, in order to compensate for the vertical offset (V) of the blocks on which they are nested.

The chain half-blocks 13 and 14 illustrated by Figures 53 to 57 each include:

- A side wall called vertical side cheek 31;

- A bottom wall called horizontal heel 32; - Means of centering and male interlocking 43 comprising male studs

16 projecting from the underside of the heel 32 of one of the half-block 14 called the male half-block of the chaining block, and female centering and interlocking means 44 comprising female studs 17 formed in the heel 32 at its lower face of the other half-block 13 called female half-block. In addition, the heel 32 of the female half-block 13 is thicker than the heel 32 of the male half-block 14, so that the cumulative thickness of the heel 32 and the male studs 16 of the male half-block 14 is equal to the thickness of the heel 32 of the female half-block 13. In fact, the difference in thickness between the heels 32 of the female half-block 13 and of the male half-block 14 is equal to the height of the vertical offset V between the elements construction 2 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4, and the width 33 of said heel 32 is equal to half the width 19 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4 minus 5 mm;

- vertical through holes 23, formed in the side cheek 31 of each half-block 13 and 14, aligned with the centering and interlocking studs 16 and

17 and a transverse axis of the half-block 13, 14;

- Vertical marks 25, showing the location of these orifices 23, placed on each side face of the blocks 13 and 14 near the vertical through holes 23.

The height 34 of the half-blocks 13 and 14 is between 20 and 40 cm.

The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16 and 17 is equal to the height of the same studs 16 and 17 of the main unit 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

[00184] In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or water supply networks, the vertical through holes 23 are of identical diameters to those of the main unit 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

[00185] The vertical marks 25 showing the location of the vertical orifices passing through 23 of the half-blocks 13, 14 are identical to those of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

The angle block-chaining 15a and 15b illustrated respectively by Figures 58 to 61 and 62 to 65 consist of:

two side walls forming adjacent vertical side cheeks forming an angle of 90 ° between them; - a bottom wall called horizontal heel 36, open in the angle diametrically opposite to that of the junction of the two side cheeks 35.

- male centering and interlocking means 43 comprising male studs

16 'projecting from the underside of the heel 36 of one of the corner blocks called the male corner block 15a, and female centering and interlocking means 44 comprising female studs 17' formed in the heel 36 at the level of its lower face of the other corner block called the female corner block 15b. In addition, the heel 36 of the female corner block 15b is thicker than the heel 36 of the male corner block 15a, so that the cumulative thickness of the heel 36 and the male studs 16 'of the male corner block 15a is equal to the thickness of the heel 36 of the female corner block 15b. In fact, the difference in thickness between the heels 36 of the female corner block 15b and the male corner block 15a is equal to the height of the vertical offset V between the construction elements 2 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4, and the width 19 of said heel 36 is equal to half the width 19 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4;

- vertical through holes 23, formed in the side cheeks 35 of each corner block 15a and 15b, aligned with the centering and interlocking studs 16 'and 17' and a transverse axis of the corner block 15a, 15b ;

- vertical marks 25, showing the location of these orifices, placed on each side face of the corner blocks 15a and 15b near the vertical through holes 23;

[00187] The height 34 of the corner blocks 15a and 15b is between 20 and 40 cm. [00188] The height of the centering and interlocking studs 16 "and 17" of the corner blocks 15a, 15b is equal to the height of the same studs 16 and 17 of the main block 1 of Figures 1 to 4.

In order to ensure the passage of the electrical ducts and / or the water supply networks, the vertical orifices passing through 23 of the corner blocks 15a, 15b are of identical diameters to those of the main block 1 of FIGS. 1 to 4.

Assembly principle, and construction method with reference to Figures 66 to 74:

The first lower row of blocks, according to the layout proposals of Figures 67, 70 and 73 for example, is placed on a bed of waterproof mortar, the blocks main 1 of Figures 1 to 4 being oriented in the same longitudinal direction and the vertical through holes 23 being positioned on the side which is defined as the inner face of the wall.

Complementary blocks with recesses 4, 5 and 6, complete and provide the details of the angles in the case of a composition of wall thickness 18 equal to the width 19 of the main block 1 as illustrated on the figure 67. In this figure, the corner detail is a recess in which a vertical reinforced concrete stiffener will be poured.

The complementary blocks 4, 5, 6 are wedged using the bed of water-repellent mortar, more or less thick, so that their upper level is at the same level as the upper level of the main block (s) 1 that they adjoin. In figure 67, the complementary block 6 and the complementary block 5 located outside the wall angle will be leveled at the upper level of the main blocks 1 which they each adjoin on a transverse or longitudinal side face, on their offset upper faces. projecting 40. Likewise, the complementary block 4 located inside the wall angle will be leveled at the upper level of the main blocks 1 which they adjoin on two transverse lateral faces, but on their upper faces which are set back 41.

The complementary blocks 5 and 6 are placed with their female studs 17 'upwards in order to correspond to the alignment of the male studs 16 of the projecting faces 40 of the main blocks 1 adjacent to them, while the complementary block 4 will be posed, him, with its male studs 16 'upwards in order to correspond to the alignment of the studs of the recessed faces 41 of the main blocks 1 adjoining it.

[00196] The vertical offset V is thus ensured and the stacking by superposition and interlocking of the blocks 1, 4, 5, 6 of the upper rows can be done after alignment of the blocks of the first row and setting of the water-repellent mortar.

[00197] The blocks 1, 4, 5, 6 fit together by the male 16 and female 17 studs alternately arranged on their upper and lower faces. The vertical offset V, along the longitudinal axis A-A, also helps to hold the blocks 1, 4, 5, 6 together.

[00198] FIG. 68 illustrates the layout proposal of the second row in relation to the layout proposal of the first row illustrated by FIG. 67.

It can be seen, by comparing these two figures, the laying offset of a half-block, in the longitudinal direction, of the main blocks 1, the 90 ° pivoting of the block 6 around a vertical axis and the introduction of complementary blocks 2 which make it possible to ensure both the overlap of the assembly joints of the lower row of blocks 1, 4, 5, 6 and the holding of all the blocks 1, 4, 5, 6, 2 between them by the centering and interlocking studs 16, 17.

[00200] Furthermore, Figures 67 and 68 also illustrate the articulation of the blocks with recess 4, 5, 6 in the case of an already existing post, made of wood for example. [00201] The recess of these blocks 4, 5, 6 and their respective interlocking offset at each row, thus makes it possible to provide a recess throughout the height of the wall and to easily erect the blocks 4, 5, 6 around the post , without having to "go through the top" of the post, that is to say thread them on the post, as it would be with honeycomb blocks.

It can also be seen in these two figures, 67 and 68, that the vertical through holes 23 are always in continuity of superposition, inside the wall located in the re-entrant angle, and thus form the passage 24 visible in the figures 66, 69 and 72.

[00203] The following rows can thus be laid, using for each odd row the same layout as for the first row, and for each even row, the same layout as for the second row.

Arrived at a level where any horizontal reinforcements are to be made, in particular those located under the window sills, the chain half-blocks 13 and 14 are placed while respecting on the one hand the regulatory overflows on each side of the the opening and, on the other hand, the appropriate association of heels 32, thick and thin, according to the offset V to be compensated for presented by the blocks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 of the lower row. The reinforcements of these reinforcements are placed in the reservation thus created by the two chain half-blocks 13 and 14 between their cheeks 31.

[00205] After the 4th row of blocks has been laid and the vertical wedging and alignment of these four rows, partial concreting of the vertical reinforcements can be done, in order to stiffen the base of the walls before the erection of the other rows. The pouring height is stopped at mid-height of the 4th row of blocks so that the resumption of concreting is located at mid-block height.

If horizontal reinforcements are present in this height, they are cast at the same time as the first part of the vertical reinforcements. [00207] The laying of the following rows can continue, still by applying the alternation of layout between the odd rows and the even rows, up to the lower level of the door and window lintels and of all openings in general.

Chaining half-blocks 13 and 14 are then placed while always respecting the regulatory overflows on each side of the opening and, on the other hand, the appropriate association of heels 32, thick and thin, according to the offset V to be compensated presented by the blocks of the lower row. The reinforcements of these reinforcements are placed in the reservation thus created by the two chain half-blocks 13 and 14 between their cheeks 31.

[00209] The concrete is poured there as well as in the vertical reinforcements which have remained pending since the first pouring.

[00210] The laying of the following rows can continue, still by applying the alternation of layouts between the odd rows and the even rows, up to the lower leveling of the chains and / or the leveling of the underside of floor.

[00211] Chaining half-blocks 13 and 14 are then placed respecting the appropriate combination of heels 32, thick and thin, according to the offset V to be compensated presented by the blocks of the lower row. The reinforcements of these reinforcements are placed in the reservation thus created by the two chain half-blocks 13 and 14 between their cheeks 31.

[00212] In the case of a floor edge, a single chain half-block 13 or 14 is placed, selected according to its heel 32 which will be in line with the offset V to be compensated and presented by the blocks of the lower row.

[00213] The concrete pouring of the additional height of the vertical reinforcements can then be done before the installation of the floor reinforcements.

By its particular shape and its asymmetry, the main block 1 therefore allows both a wall composition with a thickness 18 equal to the width 19 of said main block 1 illustrated by Figures 66 to 68, the blocks being superimposed directly one on top of the other with an offset, at each row, of a complementary block 2 in the longitudinal direction of the wall, as described above, but also, for thicker compositions of walls, for the addition against a longitudinal side face of the main block of a complementary block 2 (figure 69) or of a second main block 1 (figure 72) on the same row, or even of several blocks (not shown), which are then held by transverse overlap of the main blocks 1 of the upper row as illustrated in Figures 70 to 71 and 73 to 74. In the second row, by virtue of its reversibility, the simple reversal of the main block (1) or the inversion of its direction of longitudinal orientation, ensures in both cases the interlocking and the overlap with the lower row.

[00216] These are then the vertical orifices passing through the complementary block 2 and / or 3 which ensure the continuity of the vertical passage 24 for the electrical ducts on the inside of the wall.

[00217] The assembly principles set out above are thus identical for the compositions of walls whose thickness (18) is greater than the width 19 of the main block 1 and 8, namely:

- wedging of the first lower row on a bed of water-repellent mortar with alignment of the upper level of the complementary blocks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 (and the curved blocks not shown) at the same upper level as the level of main blocks 1 and 8 adjoining them;

- same direction of longitudinal orientation of main blocks 1 and 8 in the same row;

- same vertical orientation of the male 16 and female 17 studs of the complementary blocks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 (and the curved blocks not shown) as that of the main blocks 1 and 8 the adjoining;

- laying offset of a half block, in the longitudinal direction, of the main blocks

1 and 8, and all blocks in general.

[00218] Figures 66, 69 and 72 thus illustrate the principles of interlocking and overlapping of the main blocks at each row, thus ensuring the maintenance, by interlocking of the male 16 and female 17 studs of the blocks of the lower row.

[00219] Furthermore, these same figures illustrate the discontinuity, each in their plane, of the horizontal 29 and vertical 30 assembly joints.

Still with reference to these figures and in addition to them, according to Figures 67, 68, 70, 71, 73 and 74 illustrating examples of layout proposals, the superposition of the vertical orifices passing through 23 ensuring availability and the continuity of a vertical passage 24 for the electrical ducts and / or water supply networks, in particular on the inside face of the wall, is illustrated.

It should be noted that the complementary blocks with recesses 4, 5, 6, 7 as well as the similar curved blocks (not shown) are essentially useful for walls whose thickness 18 is equal to the width 19 of the main block 1, beyond this thickness, these blocks can however be useful for the realization of particular details in current wall or at the junction with a particular element.

It should also be noted that, as illustrated in some of these figures (67, 68, 70, 71, 73 and 74), duct passages may be naturally available in the corners, on the outside face of wall, which can be used for electrical power supplies for lighting or safety devices. Visible on the blocks, the vertical continuity or non-continuity of the marks 25 makes it possible to ensure the availability, or not, of passage 24.

[00223] In the event that a particular need for passage of any sheath turns out to be unavailable at the desired location, conventional grooving can always be carried out.

The constituent material of the blocks 1, 2, 20, 4, 45, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 is in particular a concrete of plant fibers (chènevotte, anas de flax, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugar cane, rapeseed straw, wood fibers or others) ensuring both thermal and acoustic insulation performance and water vapor permeance, including the different formulations may vary depending on customer specifications. The formulations can thus make it possible to produce non-load-bearing blocks with high thermal resistance up to load-bearing blocks with, subsequently, lower thermal resistance. The material can also be, of course, aerated concrete, clay concrete, pumice stone or slate.

[00225] By way of non-limiting examples, walls can thus be composed:

• From a main block in width 19 of 30 cm for example:

- walls in width 18 of 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, 75 cm, 90 cm and more, in steps of 15 in 15 cm.

• From a main block in width 19 of 40 cm for example:

- walls in width 18 of 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 100 cm and more, in steps of 20 by 20 cm.

The blocks and the construction method according to the invention are particularly intended for the realization of exterior walls of individual houses and residential buildings and, more generally, of all premises requiring an interior comfort temperature linked to an activity. human.

[00227] The construction method according to the invention can also be used for thermal renovation work from the inside and / or from the outside, possibly with half-blocks and quarter-blocks only.

Claims

1. Asymmetric molded building block (1, 1a, 1b) comprising two parallelepipedal construction elements (2, 45) each comprising four side faces, including two longitudinal side faces, and two upper and lower faces respectively opposite and perpendicular to the sides. side faces, which construction elements (2, 45) are secured to each other via two facing longitudinal faces and are offset with respect to each other in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axes of the construction elements (2, 45) said longitudinal offset (L), and in a direction perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of said elements (2, 45) said vertical offset (V) to form projecting faces (40) and recessed faces (41) perpendicular to the faces side, characterized in that each construction element (2, 45) comprises centering and interlocking means of a first so-called male type (43) provided on one of its upper faces. ieure or lower, and centering and interlocking means of a second type called female (44) of complementary shape to that of the centering and male interlocking means (43) and which are provided on its upper or lower face opposite, in that the centering and interlocking means of the same type (43, 44) are provided on the projecting faces (40) of the construction elements (2, 45), and in that the means of centering and interlocking of the other type (43, 44) are provided on the recessed faces (41) of the construction elements (2, 45).

2. Block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the centering and female interlocking means (44) are provided on the projecting faces (40) of the construction elements (2, 45), and in this that the centering and male interlocking means (43) are provided on the recessed faces (41) of said construction elements (2, 45).

3. Block (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two construction elements (2) are symmetrical with respect to a point (O) located on the contact surface between the two construction elements (2) .

4. Block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the centering and male interlocking means (43) comprise at least one stud (16) projecting from the upper or lower face considered. .

5. Block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the point of symmetry (O) is located on a straight segment perpendicular to the upper and lower faces, and in that the stud (16, 17) and said segment are aligned with the same transverse axis of the construction element (2).

6. Block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each construction element (2) comprises two centering and male interlocking studs (16) and two centering and female interlocking studs (17) aligned with the longitudinal axis of the considered construction element (2), and in that the longitudinal offset (L) along the longitudinal axis (AA) is substantially equal to the center distance (X) of the studs (16) of said block.

7. Block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the height of the vertical offset (V) is between 1 / 25th and 1 / 6th of the height (26) of said block (1).

8. Block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the interlocking male (43) and female (44) centering means are of a height substantially equal to the height of the vertical offset (V).

9. Block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the male interlocking centering means (43) have a volume slightly less than the volume of the interlocking female centering means (44).

10. Block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one vertical through hole (23) formed in one of the construction elements (2, 45) and extending according to the direction perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of said construction element (2, 45).

11. Block (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each construction element (2, 45) has the shape of a straight block and comprises two transverse side faces perpendicular to its longitudinal side faces, and in that the orifice crossing (23) and the centering and interlocking stud (16, 17) are aligned on the same transverse axis of the construction element in question (2, 45).

12. Block (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the location of the through hole (23) is indicated on one of the side faces (42) of the block by a mark (25).

13. Block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its constituent material is a concrete of fiber of plant origin chosen from hemp seed, flax shives, miscanthus, reed, typha , bamboo, sugar cane, rapeseed straw, wood fiber, coconut fiber, palm fiber or other fiber of plant origin, cellular concrete, pumice concrete, a clay ball concrete, slate concrete, concrete from other material of mineral origin, synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete or high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

14. Set of blocks according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a series of rectilinear blocks (1 to 7) and a series of similar curved blocks (8 to 12).

15. Wall comprising blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 13 characterized in that at least one row of this wall comprises at least two blocks (1 to 12).