FR3023496A1 - DEVICE FOR PREPARING AEROSOL CONTAINERS FOR THEIR DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING AND INSTALLATION COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for preparing aerosol containers (2) for their elimination or recycling comprising an enclosure (3) at atmospheric pressure comprising at least two counter-rotating cylinders (4, 5), arranged adjacent to one another. to the other and separated by a space (6) in which said aerosol containers (2) are crushed and drilled, at least one or both cylinders (4, 5) comprising radially projecting teeth (7) in said space (6), able to pierce said aerosol containers (2), said device (1) further comprising an aerosol feed hopper (10) adapted to receive the aerosols (2) from a batch of aerosols (2) or a continuous sorting stream and disposed above said cylinders (4, 5), a hopper (12) for evacuating the aerosol containers (2) pierced and crushed disposed below said cylinders (4, 5), means (14) for evacuating residual gases and / or vapors, e means (19) for recovering the residual liquids flowing from said pierced and crushed aerosol containers (2). The invention also relates to an installation comprising the device (1) and to a method implementing the device (1).

Description

DEVICE FOR PREPARING AEROSOL CONTAINERS FOR THEIR ELEVIATION OR RECYCLING AND INSTALLATION COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a device for preparing aerosol containers for their elimination or recycling and an installation comprising such a device. State of the art [0002] Waste, particularly household waste, comprises a multitude of objects, residues or substances, resulting from the activity or the human diet. Some are inert and not very dangerous, while others are more dangerous to treat or recycle. Household waste generally includes a multitude of substances of very different nature, some mixed waste is non-recyclable, such as some plastic packaging, while others are recyclable as newspapers magazines, cardboard packaging, plastic bottles, food blocks, boxes and aerosols in steel or aluminum. The collection of waste is usually done through traditional household garbage collection, selective collections, collections of bulky items and those brought in waste disposal. Generally, all the previously sorted waste, whatever their mode of collection, arrive in sorting centers in which they are prepared for recycling or disposal. They are eventually sorted again, before being packaged and sent to recovery centers for processing into new raw materials. With regard to the preparation of the recycling of objects or metal residues, it generally performs a first separation of these objects from the remains of the waste by a magnetic separation to recover first the ferrous objects, then a separation, for example by eddy current, to sort the non-ferrous objects of metal objects. The waste thus sorted is then packaged generally in the form of bales using presses, a packaging which proves to be the easiest at this stage of recycling. Indeed, in the sorting centers, the use of grinders that reduce powdered metal containers, or at least small particles, is not feasible because small particles, especially powders, are difficult to condition for transport and subsequent treatment and requires a lot of protective equipment to avoid particulate contamination of industrial facilities, the environment and people who are led to handle them. As regards aerosols, pressurized containers made of aluminum or steel, grinding is also not possible because of the high risk of explosions that would damage the grinding equipment. Similarly, packaging directly in the form of bales also has the disadvantage of inducing explosions or fires due to crushing and / or indirect piercing of containers, releasing residual contents still present (such as gas or mixture of propellants, the active product (s) and possibly solvents), which are generally highly flammable. In addition, it is generally not recommended to isolate aerosols from the sorted aluminum stream so as not to concentrate them at a point in the sorting center as this increases the risk of exposure. For packaging directly in bales, it has been proposed to equip the packaging devices, for example balers, explosive atmosphere detectors and associated ventilation, to automatically stop the device. conditioning and to trigger ventilation as soon as flammable or explosive vapors are detected. It has also been proposed solutions for drilling aerosols before their packaging in the form of bales, solutions that also recover the residual gas before it escapes into the environment. The document FR 2 664 834 describes a device comprising two plates, one fixed the other mobile, allowing the flattening and piercing of aerosols. This device has the disadvantage of operating batch, so discontinuous and, due to significant mechanical stresses, to present a rapid wear of the various elements of the device [0011] Continuous treatment devices are also known. The document FR 2 643 837 describes the piercing of aerosols, arranged on a rotating barrel, by means of a hollow needle for transferring the contents into a low-pressure separation tank, placing in communication the two aerosol enclosures -cuvette allowing a separation of gases from liquids, the gases being compressed to be transferred to storage tanks. The document WO2009156757 describes an aerosol treatment device comprising a perforation element for piercing in a first sealing element of the aerosol and a second perforating element for piercing in a second sealing element. aerosol. The document WO9207763 describes the destruction of aerosols using a cutting device passing through a slot in an aerosol feed tube for piercing aerosols, their contents being collected in a collecting tank. However, these solutions have the disadvantage of treating an aerosol at a time and are therefore not suitable for treating large volumes of aerosols. It has also been proposed, as described in document WO9009248, an aerosol treatment process in which the waste is compressed in a screw press disposed in a gas-tight enclosure and the gases escaping from the aerosols being collected on the walls of the enclosure. Similarly, the document EP 0 456 115 describes a device under nitrogen pressure in which the aerosol is frozen in a cooling bath before being cut. The document WO2010125393 describes an aerosol treatment device comprising a compacting device, a device for collecting released gases and a fire extinguisher in a negative pressure chamber. Because of their confinement in gas-tight enclosures, the solutions described above are not an implementation and easy maintenance. Furthermore, none of the solutions of the state of the art offers a solution for managing the so-called "undesirable" objects, namely metal objects, in particular aluminum or steel, present in the stream from a waste sorting line, which are not aerosols, such as for example beverage cans, cans, cans of beer, engine parts or pressure cookers. In addition, none of the solutions of the state of the art offers a solution to handle large objects to be recycled, such as cartons, rigid or flexible plastics, or to avoid a jam in case of introduction of a large volume of aerosols. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to provide a device for preparing aerosol containers for their elimination or recycling and an installation comprising such a device, which do not have the drawbacks of the state of the art. . The present invention aims to provide a solution that is an alternative to existing solutions already. The present invention aims in particular to provide a treatment solution, batch and continuous, a multitude of aerosols to remove residual gases and liquids that may be there, before packaging by compaction. The present invention also aims to provide a solution for packaging by compaction in balers or packets.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0025] The present invention relates to a device for preparing aerosol containers for their elimination or recycling, the device comprising an atmospheric pressure chamber comprising at least two counter-rotating cylinders, arranged adjacent to each other. the other and separated by a space in which the aerosol containers are pierced and crushed, at least one or both cylinders including teeth radially projecting in space, able to pierce the aerosol containers, the device further comprising an aerosol feed hopper, adapted to receive the aerosols from a batch of aerosols or a continuous sorting stream and disposed above said cylinders, an evacuation hopper of the containers of aerosol aerosols drilled and crushed, disposed below the cylinders, means for evacuation of residual gases and / or vapors, and means for recovering residual liquids flowing from These aerosol containers pierced and crushed. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the device according to the invention comprises at least one, or any suitable combination, of the following characteristics: the teeth extend over the entire circumference of the cylinder or cylinders, the teeth being spaced from each other equally and arranged on the cylinder or cylinders in the form of longitudinal straight lines equally spaced from one another, the teeth of each line of a cylinder being arranged in staggered relation to the lines of teeth of the other cylinder, one or both cylinders are movable relative to an axis parallel to their axis of rotation in a pendulum movement, the residual gas and / or vapor evacuation means comprise one or more openings in the enclosure and or a conduit, connected at the top of the device and opening to the air, or to means for treating or recovering residual gases and / or vapors, and comprising a fan and a flame stop, the means for evacuating residual gases and / or vapors further comprising a flammable gas and / or vapor detector or a flame detector disposed in the chamber of the device, the detector cooperating and / or controlling the activation or increase of the air flow of said fan, the device further comprises means for closing the aerosol feed hopper and the discharge hopper for the drilled and crushed aerosol containers, the device further comprises means for managing undesirable elements comprising means for spacing the rolls and / or means for stopping the rotation of the rolls. The present invention also relates to an installation comprising one or more devices according to the invention. The installation according to the invention may further comprise means for diverting the continuous flow of aerosols to be treated. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing aerosol containers for their elimination or recycling comprising the steps of taking the device according to the invention, supply it continuously or batch of aerosols to be treated, piercing and crushing a multitude of aerosols with the aid of two cylinders of the device according to the invention, evacuating and / or recovering residual gases and / or vapors and residual liquids from the aerosols, recovering the aerosols drilled and crushed, storing , or condition, aerosols drilled and crushed. The method according to the invention further comprises a step of spacing the rolls and / or stopping the rotation of the rolls and / or the or engines driving the rolls, when detecting the coming of one or more objects of a size or a volume greater than a size or a volume defined as corresponding to a limit value of volume or size of aerosols that can be treated using the device according to the 'invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a transverse schematic representation of the device for preparing aerosol containers for their elimination or recycling according to a first embodiment. Figure 2 is a schematic transverse representation of the device for preparing aerosol containers for disposal or recycling according to a second embodiment. Figure 3 is a schematic transverse representation of a particular embodiment of the counter-rotating cylinders of the device according to the invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the pivoting of one cylinder relative to the other in the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a first longitudinal schematic representation of the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a second schematic longitudinal representation of the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The device 1 for the preparation of aerosol recycling 2 according to the present invention has the advantage of allowing the treatment of a multitude of aerosols 2 at a time, so to treat a large volume from a continuous stream from a waste sorting line and to The device 1 according to the invention has the advantage of being able to process between five kilograms and two tons per hour, ie between fifteen and seven thousand aerosols per hour. r hour. The term "aerosol" is used in the present description to denote the container of a device for dispersing very fine particles of a liquid, a solution or a solid, whatever the material or materials. the container is made, whether or not under pressure, whether the receptacle is empty or filled, wholly or in part, with one or more propellants, one or more active ingredients and / or one or more solvent, liquid form or vapors. The device 1 according to the invention comprises an enclosure 3, under atmospheric pressure, preferably without atmosphere other than air, an enclosure defined by walls and having a shape and adequate dimensions. In a first example of the device according to the invention, the chamber 3 comprises at least one cylinder 4, movable about its axis and able to pierce and crush the aerosols 2. Preferably, the cylinder 4 cooperates with a wall fixed to pierce and crush aerosols. In a second example of the device according to the invention, the cylinder 4 does not cooperate with a fixed wall, but with a second cylinder 5, itself also movable about its axis. Preferably, the two cylinders 4 and 5 are said to be "counter-rotating" because they rotate respectively in opposite directions. The cooperation of the first cylinder 4 with a fixed wall or a second cylinder 5 has the advantage of releasing the pressure, and thus the gas and / or the liquids included in the aerosols 2, and to allow a first compacting compaction also forcing the release of residual gases, vapors and / or liquids. Preferably, the cylinders 4 and 5 have substantially identical dimensions. Advantageously, their length is between 40 cm and 1 m and their diameter is between 5 and 40 cm. The cylinders 4 and 5 and the fixed wall are made of all suitable materials, preferably they are made of stainless steel. Preferably, the rolls 4 and 5 are solid, but may also be hollow to make them lighter. The cylinders 4 and 5 are adjacent, their axis of rotation being substantially parallel and preferably disposed substantially in the same plane. The cylinder 4 and the fixed wall or the cylinders 4 and 5 are separated by a space 6 in which the aerosols 2 are pierced and crushed, compressed or compressed, but not ground, the space 6 being defined as the space separating the outer surface of the fixed wall and the body of the cylinder 4 or separating the outer surface of the body of each cylinder 4 and 5. The space 6 has a dimension adequate to compress the aerosols in the manner of a rolling mill, while allowing the passage of aerosols 2 tablets. Preferably, the dimensioned space 6 is between 20 and 50 mm, advantageously the space 6 is about 20 mm. Preferably, one of the two cylinders 4 and 5, preferably the two cylinders 4 and 5, are movable along another axis that their axis of rotation allowing them to increase the space 6 and so to move away one of the other, for example in a pendulum movement (Figure 4). This embodiment has the advantage of allowing easy access for the maintenance, cleaning or replacement of the means for piercing aerosols 2 and / or cylinders 4 and 5, cleaning the enclosure 3, but also for to eliminate possible jams and safeguard the integrity of the cylinders 4 and 5 in case of arrival of larger objects than a predetermined volume or a predetermined size as a limit value of volume or aerosol size 2 that it is possible to treat. The cylinders 4 and 5, optionally the fixed wall cooperating with the first cylinder 4, comprise teeth 7 which project radially from their surface in the space 6. They preferably extend over the entire surface of the wall fixed or the circumference of the cylinder or cylinders 4 and / or 5. Preferably, the teeth 7 are spaced from each other equally and arranged on the fixed wall or the cylinder or cylinders 4 and / or 5 in the form of straight lines longitudinal, preferably spaced apart from each other equally, the teeth 7 of each line being aligned with the rows of teeth 7 above and below (Figures 3, 5 and 6), or arranged staggered. Preferably, the rows, or columns, of teeth 7 of the fixed wall, or cylinders 4 or 5, are arranged staggered, staggered, respectively with respect to the rows or columns of teeth of the first cylinder 4 , or staggered, with respect to rows or columns of teeth, of the second cylinder 5 (Figures 3, 5 and 6). The teeth 7 are able to pierce the envelope of the aerosols, whatever the material or materials of which they are made, whether it is, for example, aluminum or steel. Preferably, the teeth 7 are in the form of a pointed needle or a conical, pyramidal or sawtooth shape. Advantageously, they have a shape substantially identical to an arrowhead or a shark tooth, one or more edges are sharp. Preferably, the edges of the end of the teeth 7 for piercing the aerosols 2 form an angle of between 45 and 90 °. Advantageously, the angle is about 90 °. The shapes of the teeth 7 described above have the advantage of allowing effective piercing of the walls of the aerosol containers 2. Preferably, the teeth 7 have a dimension in height less than the dimension of the space 6 not to touch the surface of the fixed wall or the adjacent cylinder, but preferably large enough to pierce, or start drilling, the aerosols 2 before the cylinders 4 or 5 crushes them. Preferably, the teeth 7 may have the same size or different sizes on the fixed wall, on the same cylinder 4 or 5, or the same or different between the fixed wall and the first cylinder 4 or a cylinder 4 or 5 to the other. The teeth 7 are made of any suitable material for piercing the walls of the aerosols 2. They are for example made of stainless steel, materials for piercing aluminum casing, but also steel. Preferably, the teeth are made of a material reducing or eliminating the production of sparks during the piercing of the aerosols 2. Preferably, the teeth 7 are removably mounted on the fixed wall or the body of the cylinders 4 and 5, which has the advantage of being able to change them in case of wear or breakage without having to change the whole of the cylinder 4 or 5. [0056] In a particular embodiment of the invention, the Device 1 comprises two cylinders 4 and 5 counter-rotating, made of steel, about 1m long and about 40cm in diameter; they comprise 25 rows of 12 teeth 7, made of steel and spaced from each other by 80mm, the lines being spaced 60mm. Preferably, each cylinder 4 and 5 is driven by a motor 8 and 9 independent of each other; nevertheless, an embodiment of the invention may comprise a single motor driving the two cylinders 4 and 5. The or the motors 8, 9 may be electric or thermal, and are capable of driving the cylinders 4 and 5 to one the other, both rotating at the same or different speed, a speed preferably between 10 and 40 revolutions per minute, preferably about 20 revolutions per minute. Preferably, the cylinder 4 and the fixed wall or the cylinders 4 and 5 are disposed substantially in the center of the enclosure 3 and thus form an aerosol receiving zone above the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5 and a aerosol evacuation zone pierced and crushed. In another embodiment of the invention, the device 1 may comprise a multitude of counter-rotating cylinders 4 and 5 arranged in the enclosure 3. The device 1 may also comprise one or more series of two counter-rotating cylinders allowing the piercing the aerosols without crushing them and one or more other series of two counter-rotating cylinders not including teeth 7, but allowing them to be crushed; advantageously, the cylinders without teeth 7 are arranged close to the piercing cylinders and comprise an inter-cylinder space smaller than the inter-cylinder space of the piercing cylinders. The use of cylinders 4 and 5 counter-rotating, or the multitude of counter-rotating cylinders, has the advantage of allowing the piercing and compression, or crushing, aerosols 2 concomitantly, or sequentially, but said then "almost concomitant" because taking place immediately one after the other in a very short time interval. The device 1 according to the invention further comprises a feed hopper 10 in aerosols 2, disposed in the upper part of the device 1, connected to or forming part of the aerosol receiving zone 2, preferably above the aerosol receiving zone 2. first cylinder 4 and fixed wall or cylinders 4 and 5, or the multitude of cylinders 4 and 5. This feed hopper 10 is adapted to receive aerosols from a continuous sort stream or from a batch, for example via a first conveyor belt 11. The device 1 further comprises a discharge hopper 12, disposed at the bottom of the device 1, connected or part of the area of aerosol evacuation 2 drilled, preferably below the first cylinder 4 and the fixed wall or cylinders 4 and 5, or the multitude of cylinders 4 and 5. This discharge hopper 12 is adapted to receive the aerosols 2 pierced and crushed and unload them to means of s tipping, directly or via a second belt conveyor 13, the storage means may be a container, before a possible packaging, or discharge directly into a packaging device, for example a baler or to packets. Preferably, the hoppers 10 and 12 comprise inclined walls at an appropriate angle for feeding or discharging the device 1 in aerosols 2 by gravity. Preferably, the angle of the walls is between 45 and 500, which has the advantage of allowing a sufficient supply of the device 1 by gravity without inducing jamming. The device 1 further comprises means 14 for evacuating the gases and / or residual vapors. In a first embodiment, the means 14 for evacuating the residual gases and / or vapors comprise one or more openings in the chamber 3 for the continuous evacuation of gases and / or vapors by natural convection, arranged either in the roof wall and possibly in the side wall forming one side of the chamber 3 (Figure 1). Preferably, the means 14 furthermore comprise either a fan or an air blower device for forcing the residual gases and vapors towards the outside of the enclosure 3. This embodiment is particularly suitable for an implantation of the device 1 outside, that is to say outside the buildings of the sorting centers. In a second embodiment (FIG. 2), the means 14 for evacuating the residual gases and / or vapors comprise a duct 15, connected at the top of the device 1 and opening to the open air or to means treatment or recovery of residual gases and / or vapors. This arrangement makes it possible to prevent the aerosols 2 to be treated or already treated from obstructing the conduit 15. The means 14 can furthermore comprise a flammable gas and / or vapor detector 16 or a flame detector disposed in the enclosure 3 of the device 1 or the junction between the enclosure 3 and the conduit 15. The means 14 may further comprise a fan 17, for the extraction of residual gases and vapors through the conduit 15 and disposed in said conduit 15 or an air blowing device for forcing the residual gases and vapors in the duct 15. Preferably, the detector 16 cooperates and controls the activation, or the increase of the air flow, of the fan 17 in the case of a continuous operation of the fan 17, and advantageously cooperate with the motor (s) of the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5 to stop the operation of the device 1. This embodiment is particularly suitable for an implant. tion of the device 1 inside, that is to say inside the buildings of sorting centers, however it can also be considered for outdoor implantation. For example, the duct 15 may have a diameter of about 20 cm, the detector 16 be of the infra-red type and the fan 17 be of the ATEX type allowing a flow of air to be evacuated between 46 and 92 Nm3 / h. Preferably, the detector 16 continuously analyzes the content of air in flammable gas and / or vapor. It can be coupled with means of warning of a malfunction, allowing maintenance (cleaning) or replacement of the detector 16 in the event of a malfunction and / or filtration means, filters for example, capturing the particles produced by fires. Advantageously, the detector 16 is disposed in the duct 15 after bends that form the latter, and this to protect it from possible fouling. Preferably, the means 14 for evacuating the residual gases and / or vapors comprise or cooperate with a flame stop 18, advantageously arranged in the duct 15. Preferably, they comprise or cooperate with means of treatment or recovery. residual gases and / or vapors. Preferably, the device 1 comprises means 23 for closing the enclosure 3. These means 23, preferably arranged at each hopper 10 and 12, make it possible to isolate the inside of the enclosure 3 from the outside of the device 1 to prevent the spread of a fire or explosion. Preferably, the means 23 comprise fire dampers controlled by an electromagnet keeping them open in normal operation and releasing them during the occurrence of a fire or an explosion, the fire dampers obstructing the hoppers 10 and 12, for example by a rotational movement or guillotine. Preferably, these means 23 cooperate with the flame detector (s) and / or detector 16 of flammable gas and / or vapor, arranged in the chamber 3 or outside the device 1. [0071] Preferably, the device 1 comprises means for extinguishing a fire, comprising, for example, one or more powder extinguishers and / or one or more pipes comprising nozzles for diffusing fire extinguishing compositions. Advantageously, these means for extinguishing a fire may also comprise or be the means for cleaning the inner surface of the walls of the enclosure 3. Preferably, the device 1 comprises anti-explosion means comprising, for example, a or several vents, one or more portions of one or more walls of the enclosure 3 of lesser resistance that can yield under the explosion and avoid bursting the enclosure 3. [0073] Preferably, the device 1 comprises means 19 for recovering the residual liquids, advantageously arranged under the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5. Preferably, these means 19 comprise a perforated wall 20, preferably an inclined wall, for the recovery of the residual liquids by gravity , opening into a funnel 21, then a reservoir 22 disposed vertically of the funnel 21. Preferably, the perforated wall 20, the funnel 21 and the reservoir 22 are of a resistant material to the liquid residues included in the aerosols 2. For example the perforated wall 20 and the funnel 21 may be made of stainless steel and the reservoir 22 may be made of polyethylene, preferably transparent to visualize the level of filling, a volume sufficient to collect the residual liquid, but also to be handled by an operator. Preferably, the connection between the funnel 21 and the reservoir 22 is impervious to liquids and gases in order to reduce the evaporation of the vapors in the reservoir 22. Preferably, the device 1 further comprises means for cleaning the the inner surface of the enclosure 3 walls and elements disposed in the chamber 3. This has the advantage of being able to treat aerosols 2 containing active ingredients producing foams, polyurethane foam type. Preferably, these cleaning means cooperate or use the residual liquid recovery means to evacuate the cleaning solutions. Preferably, the device 1 comprises means for cleaning the fixed wall or the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5 or multitudes of cylinders 4 and 5, said means comprising a comb for removing the residues on or between the teeth 7 of the fixed wall and cylinders 4 and 5. Preferably, the device 1 comprises means for managing undesirable elements, to avoid jamming of the device 1. In fact, in the stream of aerosols from of the sorting chain, larger objects than aerosols 2 may accidentally pass the sorting steps and arrive at the device 1. To prevent damage to the device 1, the undesirable element management means allow either the separation of the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5, increase the space 6 up to 200mm, for example, stopping the rotation of the cylinders 4 and 5 and / or the motor or motors driving the cylinders 4 and 5 in case of detection overload. Preferably, these means comprise one or more infra-red sensors disposed at the inlet of the aerosol feed hopper 2 and / or a hopper 10 having a calibrated aperture. Preferably, the spacing of the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5 is obtained by the fact that the first cylinder 4, or, in the embodiment comprising two counter-rotating cylinders, one of the two cylinders 4 and 5, advantageously both. cylinders 4 and 5, are movable along another axis that their axis of rotation allowing them to increase the space 6. Preferably, the device 1 comprises one or more springs 24 (Figure 6) allowing the fixed wall, the first cylinder 4 or cylinders 4 and 5 to be in a suitable position to cooperate, springs 24 which compress when the occurrence of a bulky object or during a jam and then relax in order to reposition the fixed wall, the first cylinder 4 or the cylinder or cylinders 4, 5 again in the proper operating position. Preferably, the device 1 comprises maintenance means comprising for example one or more openings in one or more walls of the enclosure 3 for the inspection and / or maintenance of the elements of the device 1. This or these openings allow to inspect the interior of the chamber 3 and the elements therein, but also to intervene either on the cylinders 4 and 5, their teeth, clean or empty the chamber 3 in case of jam. Preferably, the device 1 comprises means for locking the means 23 for closing the enclosure 3, in particular fire dampers, and openings for the maintenance means, comprising, for example, locks, means for interlocking at the same time all the openings of the device 1 and cooperating with the means 14 for discharging residual gases and / or vapors, in particular with the detector (s) 16 of flammable gas and / or vapor or a flame detector to prevent access to the enclosure 3 if a fire or a fire hazard is present. Preferably, the device 1 comprises means for starting and stopping, automatic or manual. Advantageously, these means are coupled and cooperate with the means for detecting an explosive and / or flammable fire or vapor disposed in the chamber 3, or outside the device 1.

EXAMPLE [0081] By way of example, Table 1 shows the main characteristics of a particular embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention. Table 1 Elements Height (mm) Length (mm) Width (mm) Volume (ma) Hopper 10 Feed 400 500 500 0.100 Aerosol Receiving Area 450 500 750 0.169 Cylinder Evolution Area 4, 5 500 500 850 0.213 aerated evacuation zone 500 500 500 0.125 evacuation hopper 12 350 350 350 0.043 Conduit 15 - - - 0.628 The aerosol container 2 preparation facility for disposal or recycling includes one or more devices 1 according to the invention. The installation according to the invention may further comprise means for diverting the stream of aerosols 2 to be treated towards, for example, the conveyor belt 13 or directly to storage means for further processing. This makes it possible to interrupt the arrival of the aerosols 2 to be treated in the device or devices 1 in case of malfunction or during interviews. Preferably, these means are arranged before entering the device or devices 1, advantageously at the conveyor belt 11. The installation according to the invention may further comprise detection means of a explosive and / or flammable fire or vapor disposed outside the enclosure 3, preferably at the inlet of the feed hopper 11, which has the advantage of being able to stop the device or devices 1 and thus avoid the occurrence and / or the propagation of a fire to the devices 1. [0085] The installation according to the invention may furthermore comprise a first belt conveyor 11 able to supply the aerosol feed hopper 2 of the device 1 from a sorting stream, and a second belt conveyor 13 adapted to discharge the pierced and compressed aerosols 2 to storage means and / or packaging means. The installation according to the invention may further comprise aerosol storage means 2 drilled and crushed, comprising for example a container, and / or packaging means, a baler or packets for example. The installation according to the invention further comprises means for supplying the device or devices 1 with energy. The method for preparing the aerosol containers 2 for their elimination or recycling comprises the steps of supplying the device 1 according to the invention in aerosols 2 from a continuous stream or from a batch of aerosols 2, previously sorted or not, manually or automatically, to drill and compress a multitude of aerosols 2 using a first cylinder 4 and a fixed wall or with two cylinders 4 and 5 counter-rotating , the fixed wall and / or the cylinder or cylinders 4,5 comprising teeth 7 projecting radially from the surface of the fixed wall, of a cylinder 4 or 5, said cylinders 4 and 5 being able to be arranged adjacent to each other; other in an enclosure 3 at atmospheric pressure and separated from each other by a gap 6 of 20 to 50 mm, the rolls 4 and 5, the teeth 7 preferably having the same characteristics as those described for the device 1 according to the invention. Preferably, the piercing and the compression of the aerosols are concomitant, but these steps can be sequential, but then say "almost concomitant" because taking place immediately one after the other in a very short time interval [0090] The method according to the invention further comprises a step of recovering aerosols 2 drilled, possibly a storage step of said aerosols 2 drilled and crushed and possibly a packaging step in the form of bales or packets, for example using balers or packages. The method according to the invention also comprises a step of evacuation and / or recovery of residual gases and / or vapors and recoveries of residual liquids. The method may further comprise the continuous analysis of the content of air in flammable gas and / or vapor and the activation or increase of the flow rate of a fan 17, in the case of a continuous operation of the fan 17 and / or concomitantly closing the openings of the enclosure 3, for example by the maintenance means, and the hoppers 10 and 12 via fire dampers, to prevent gas propagation and / or flammable vapors, a fire or an explosion and / or stop the rotation of the cylinders 4 and 5. The method may further comprise a step of spacing the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5, and / or stopping the rotation of the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5 and / or the motor or motors driving the cylinders 4 and 5 in the case of the arrival of one or more objects of a larger size or a volume greater than a defined size or a volume defined as being a limit value of volume or size of aerosols 2 that it is possible to treat. The method further comprises a step away from the cylinder or cylinders 4 and 5 of the fixed wall or a cylinder of the other to allow the maintenance, cleaning or replacement of the teeth 7, and / or or cylinders 4 and 5, the enclosure 3, and / or to eliminate possible jams and safeguard the integrity of the cylinders 4 and 5 in case of arrival of larger objects than aerosols 2 [0095] The method may include a step of activation of an audible alarm in case of fire, explosion or any malfunction of the device 1 or the installation according to the invention.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (1) for the preparation of aerosol containers (2) for their elimination or recycling comprising an enclosure (3) at atmospheric pressure comprising at least two counter-rotating cylinders (4, 5) arranged adjacent to one another and separated by a space (6) in which said aerosol containers (2) are pierced and crushed, at least one or both cylinders (4, 5) including teeth (7) radially projecting into said space ( 6), able to pierce said aerosol containers (2), said device (1) further comprising an aerosol feed hopper (10) (2) adapted to receive the aerosols (2) from a batch aerosols (2) or a continuous sorting stream and disposed above said cylinders (4, 5), a hopper (12) for discharging aerosol containers (2) drilled and crushed, arranged below said cylinders (4, 5), means (14) for evacuating residual gases and / or vapors, and means (19) for recovering residual liquids flowing from said aerosol containers (2) pierced and crushed. 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the teeth (7) extend over the entire circumference of the cylinder or cylinders (4, 5), said teeth (7) being spaced from each other equally and disposed on the cylinder or cylinders (4, 5) in the form of longitudinal straight lines equally spaced from each other, said teeth (7) of each line of a cylinder (4 or 5) being arranged in staggered relation to the rows of teeth (7) of the other cylinder (4 or 5). 3. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or both cylinders (4, 5) are movable relative to an axis parallel to their axis of rotation in a pendular motion. 4. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the means (14) for evacuation of residual gases and / or vapors comprise one or more openings in the enclosure (3) and / or a conduit ( 15), connected at the top of the device (1) and opening into the open air or to means for treating or recovering residual gases and / or vapors, and comprising a fan (17) and a flame stop (18) said residual gas and / or vapor evacuation means (14) further comprising a flammable gas and / or vapor detector (16) or flame detector disposed in the enclosure (3) of said device (1) said detector (16) cooperating and / or controlling the activation or increase of the air flow rate of said fan (17). 5. Device (I) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising means for closing the hopper (10) aerosol feed (2) and the hopper (12) for evacuating the containers aerosols (2) pierced and crushed. 6. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising means for managing undesirable elements comprising means for spacing the rolls (4, 5) and / or means for stopping the rotation. cylinders (4, 5). Aerosol container preparation plant (2) for their disposal or recycling comprising one or more devices (1) according to any one of the preceding claims. 8. Installation according to claim 7 further comprising means for diverting the continuous flow of aerosols (2) to be treated. 9. Method of preparation of aerosol containers (2) for their disposal or recycling comprises the following steps: - Take the device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, - supply continuously or batch said device (1) aerosol (2) to be treated, - piercing and crushing a multitude of aerosols (2) with two cylinders (4, 5) of said device (1), - evacuate and / or recover the residual gases and / or vapors and the residual liquids of said aerosols (2), - recovering aerosols (2) pierced and crushed, - storing, or conditioning said aerosols (2) pierced and crushed. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprises a step of spacing the rolls (4 and 5) and / or stopping the rotation of said rolls (4 and 5) and / or the engine or motors (8, 9). causing said cylinders (4 and 5), when detecting the arrival of one or more objects of a size or volume greater than a size or a volume defined as corresponding to a limit value of volume or size aerosols (2) that can be treated using the device (1).