CN112024105B

CN112024105B - Pretreatment method of solid inorganic hazardous waste

Info

Publication number: CN112024105B
Application number: CN202010887272.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王大剑; 张奇; 黄威; 钟小平; 陈龙
Original assignee: Chongqing Liyang Environmental Protection Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Liyang Environmental Protection Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-28
Filing date: 2020-08-28
Publication date: 2022-03-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-28
Also published as: CN112024105A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of solid hazardous waste treatment, and particularly discloses a pretreatment method of solid inorganic hazardous waste, which comprises the following steps: step one, pre-sorting; step two, conveying; step three, crushing; and step four, separation. The invention separates the waste liquid in the glass bottle from the broken objects of the glass bottle, and can separate the bottle cap from the glass, thereby realizing the refinement of the broken air of the glass bottle, leading the indexes such as the impurity rate, the water content and the like of the treated hazardous waste to meet the kiln entering requirement of the raw materials for firing cement in a cement kiln, and ensuring the quality of the fired cement.

Description

Pretreatment method of solid inorganic hazardous waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of solid hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a pretreatment method of solid inorganic hazardous waste.

Background

At present, the existing disposal mode of hazardous waste (referred to as hazardous waste for short) in China is mainly to build a burning kiln and a landfill for burning and landfill, but the disposal modes all face the troubles of high disposal cost, large leakage risk, difficult land acquisition and the like. The cement kiln is a novel hazardous waste disposal technology for disposing hazardous waste in a coordinated manner, and the hazardous waste which is only partially incinerated and buried in the past is recycled, so that the resource utilization is realized, and the disposal cost is saved.

The RDM production line (also called solid raw material production line) is used for carrying out secondary crushing on various solid and hard inorganic matters and removing impurities in the inorganic matters to finally obtain a solid product meeting the addition requirement of a cement kiln raw material mill, wherein the raw material is mainly a medical glass bottle. The traditional solid hazardous waste treatment is relatively extensive, and usually, a glass bottle is directly crushed and then directly used as a cement raw material to be put into a kiln for incineration, but the whole properties of hazardous waste which is put into the kiln for incineration are uneven due to the fact that part of the glass bottle is still filled with waste liquid and the glass bottle is provided with an aluminum or rubber bottle cap, so that the whole impurity rate and the water content of the cement raw material are uncontrollable, the quality of the cement raw material is poor, the exertion of the grinding yield of the raw material (the reduction of the system platform yield, the increase of the power consumption, the frequent occurrence of equipment faults and the like) can be influenced to a certain extent, or the quality fluctuation of cement clinker after firing can be caused; and because the nature of waste liquid is comparatively complicated, not only self has the problem of exploding and easily firing, takes place the mutual reaction and produce inflammable gas moreover between the different waste liquids, has the potential safety hazard problem of explosion.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pretreatment method of solid inorganic hazardous wastes, which realizes the refinement of solid inorganic hazardous wastes, ensures that the indexes of impurity rate, water content and the like of the treated hazardous wastes meet the kiln entering requirement of raw materials for firing cement in a cement kiln, ensures the quality of the fired cement and ensures the safety in the firing process.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the pretreatment method of the solid inorganic hazardous waste comprises the following steps:

step one, pre-sorting

Sorting solid inorganic hazardous waste materials, and putting glass bottles with openable bottle caps into a container after uncovering and cleaning the glass bottles; directly putting small injection and powder overdue medicine bottles which can not be opened into a small crusher for crushing, adding water into the small crusher while feeding, and putting the crushed glass residues into a container after draining;

step two, crushing

Conveying the glass bottles to a crushing line for crushing, transversely conveying the containers to a turnover machine of the crushing line, pouring the glass bottles in the containers into a vibrating feeder, conveying the glass bottles into the crusher by the vibrating feeder for crushing, wherein the crushed materials are glass residues which contain bottle caps and waste liquid;

step three, separation

And (3) separating solid and liquid from the crushed glass slag, enabling the solid to enter a vibration screening machine, enabling oversize materials to be bottle caps and undersize materials to be the crushed glass slag, and enabling the impurity rate of the treated hazardous waste products to be less than or equal to 5% and the water content to be less than or equal to 5%.

The principle of the scheme is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps of firstly, performing pre-sorting, wherein the main purpose is to pour out waste liquid in the glass bottle, so that the phenomenon that the waste liquid overflows to generate crystallization or generates explosion due to chemical reaction when the waste liquid is crushed subsequently, and the waste liquid in the glass bottle can be directly poured out by opening the glass bottle and washing the glass bottle, and the waste liquid in the glass bottle is completely washed; for injection and powder overdue small medicine bottles which cannot be opened, a small crusher is adopted for crushing, water is added into the small crusher, the glass bottles in the crusher are in a liquid flowing state, and the water plays a role in diluting waste liquid, so that the waste liquid is prevented from reacting to cause explosion in subsequent crushing.

In the technical scheme, the pre-sorting is mainly used for removing waste liquid in the bottle caps and the medicine bottles, the bottle caps contain more rubber and plastics, and pollution emission can be formed after the bottle caps are fired in a cement kiln; organic matter components contained in the waste liquid are complex, sparks are easily generated in a layer passing through the glass bottle for crushing in the later period, hidden dangers such as combustion or explosion are easily generated, different waste liquids can generate chemical reaction after being mixed, unstable factors such as combustible gas are easily generated, and the firing safety of the cement kiln is influenced; furthermore, because this technical scheme can fire as cement raw materials after the inorganic danger of solid is useless, throw the raw meal system of position in the dore furnace, because the requirement of raw meal system technological parameter, the throwing of organic matter is not allowed, this technical scheme can consider satisfying above-mentioned requirement simultaneously through removing the waste liquid.

After the pretreatment, the impurity rate and the water content of hazardous wastes can be limited in a stable curve range, and the problems that the yield of a system table is reduced, the energy consumption is increased and even equipment faults are frequent due to unstable water content and impurities in the raw material grinding stage are avoided; meanwhile, the problem that the quality of the clinker fluctuates greatly and the quality of the cement is influenced due to uncontrollable impurity components of the raw materials in the raw material calcination stage is avoided.

And the turnover machine in the step two is used for pouring the glass bottles in the container into the vibration feeding machine and then conveying the glass bottles into the crusher to crush the glass bottles.

The separation in the third step aims to separate the waste liquid and the bottle cap contained in the broken glass slag of the glass bottle, so that the final finished product only contains the glass slag.

This scheme of adoption can reach following technological effect:

the method separates the waste liquid in the glass bottle from the broken objects of the glass bottle, and can separate the bottle cap from the glass, so that the breakage and refinement of the glass bottle are realized, the water content and the impurity rate of the treated hazardous waste can be controlled within a certain range, the problem of overlarge energy consumption due to overhigh water content is avoided, and the problem of unstable kiln conditions due to the fact that the kiln conditions need to be frequently adjusted due to overlarge difference of the water content is also avoided; meanwhile, the phenomenon that the grindability of the fired cement is affected due to the overhigh impurity rate is avoided, the initial setting effect of the cement is also prevented from being affected due to the fact that heavy metal in the cement raw material exceeds the standard due to the fact that a metal bottle cap and the like are removed in the impurity removal process, and the quality of the fired cement is guaranteed from the cement kiln firing raw material. In addition, this technical scheme avoids appearing the problem of explosion in the course of handling through the processing to the waste liquid, can guarantee the security that cement kiln burns to the at utmost.

Further, the pre-sorting in the step one is operated in a pre-sorting chamber under the normal temperature condition. The pre-sorting is operated in an independent pre-sorting chamber, so that the waste liquid in the glass bottle can be prevented from volatilizing to the outside in the pre-sorting process, and the safety of the whole production line is controlled.

Further, in the first step, two sides of the pre-sorting operation table can be simultaneously sorted. Because the production is concentrated in the gaps and part of materials have stronger irritation or toxicity, the two sides of the workbench can be simultaneously sorted.

Further, in the step one, the size of the ultra-large glass bottle with the minimum amount of the openable bottle cap is ensured to be less than 250 mm. The size of the solid hazardous waste to be crushed is controlled to be below 250mm, and the successful crushing of the solid hazardous waste is ensured.

Further, the turning machine, the vibrating feeder and the crusher in the step two and the draining screw conveyor and the vibrating screening machine in the step four are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Above each equipment adopts from top to bottom to distribute, can make the glass bottle automatic get into each equipment in proper order on the one hand, on the other hand can also reduce the area of equipment.

And further, crushing in the step two is carried out by adopting a two-stage hammer crusher. The two-stage hammer crusher can crush glass bottles into glass slag, and meanwhile, aluminum or rubber bottle caps cannot be crushed, so that the glass slag and the bottle caps can be conveniently separated subsequently.

Further, in the second step, after the glass bottle is crushed by the two-stage hammer crusher, the particle size of the glass slag is less than or equal to 8 mm. The grain diameter of the glass slag is 8mm, so that the requirement of downstream products is met.

Further, the inclination angle of the draining spiral conveyor in the third step is 7-15 degrees. Within this range of inclination angles, the draining screw conveyor facilitates both the inclined upward transport of solids and the inclined downward flow of liquids.

Further, in the process of conveying the containers to the crushing line, the containers are conveyed to the lower roller way line of the crushing line in the step two through a forklift, and the containers are transversely conveyed to the lower layer of the vertical warehouse through the lower roller way line of the crushing line; and in the second step, the container is conveyed to the turnover machine from the upper layer of the vertical warehouse through an upper roller way line of the crushing line. After the pre-sorting is finished, the glass bottles are conveyed to the vertical warehouse through the lower roller path line of the crushing line without additionally arranging a conveying roller path line, so that the cost is saved.

Further, the method also comprises the fourth step of conveying finished products: the oversize material enters the container on the lower roller path line of the crushing line, directly enters the vertical warehouse through the lower roller path line of the crushing line, the undersize material enters the container on the outer side of the lower roller path line of the crushing line, and the container is conveyed to the lower roller path line of the crushing line through a forklift and then enters the vertical warehouse. If carry to the vertical warehouse through two lower floor roller way lines to oversize thing and undersize thing respectively, can lead to the cost higher, this scheme only adopts a lower floor roller way line to carry oversize thing and undersize thing, can practice thrift the cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line B in FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the pre-sorting line of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a vertical warehouse 100, a raw material temporary storage yard 200, a pre-sorting line 300, a crushing line 400, an upper roller line 1, a turnover feeding machine 2, a lower roller line 3, a turnover machine chamber body 4, a storage bin 5, an air draft device 6, a vibrating screening machine 7, a soft connection 12, a vibrating feeder 13, a temperature sensor 14, a primary crusher 15, a material channel 16, a secondary crusher 17, a draining spiral conveyor 18, an electric single-beam suspension crane 20, an air supply device 201, a pre-sorting chamber body 21, a manual sorting operation platform 210, a glass bottle collecting barrel 211, a bottle cap and packaging material collecting barrel 212, a waste liquid collecting barrel 213, a pre-sorting crusher 214, a bottle washing tank 215, a waste water collecting barrel 216 and a collecting box 217.

As shown in fig. 1, the solid inorganic hazardous waste treatment system of the embodiment includes a vertical warehouse 100, a raw material temporary storage 200, a pre-sorting line 300 and a crushing line 400, wherein the raw material temporary storage 200, the pre-sorting line 300 and the crushing line 400 are sequentially distributed along one side of the vertical warehouse 100.

The raw material temporary storage 200 is used for storing solid inorganic hazardous waste incoming materials (generally medical glass bottles), and the solid inorganic hazardous waste incoming materials are usually packaged by ton bags.

The pre-sorting line 300 is used for manually pre-sorting solid inorganic hazardous waste materials, the structure of the pre-sorting line 300 is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and comprises a pre-sorting chamber body 21, the pre-sorting chamber body 21 is of an upper layer and a lower layer, a manual sorting operation table 210 is arranged in the upper layer, a bottle washing tank 215 is arranged in the middle of the manual sorting operation table 210, the bottom of the bottle washing tank 215 extends into the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, and a wastewater collecting barrel 216 is arranged on the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21 and used for collecting wastewater flowing down in the bottle washing tank 215.

An inlet is formed in the side edge of the pre-separation chamber body 21, a PVC magnetic hanging curtain is arranged at the top of the inlet, and the PVC magnetic hanging curtain can prevent peculiar smell gas of the pre-separation chamber body 21 from leaking. An electric single-beam suspension crane 20 for conveying raw materials is arranged at the top of the pre-sorting chamber body 21.

The manual sorting operation table 210 is provided with a waste liquid collecting barrel 213, a glass bottle collecting barrel 211, a bottle cap and a packing material collecting barrel 212 on two sides.

A pre-sorting crusher 214 is further arranged on the outer side of the manual sorting operation platform 210, the pre-sorting crusher 214 is a hammer crusher, a discharge port of the pre-sorting crusher 214 extends into the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, a collecting box 217 is further arranged on the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, and a hanging basket is arranged in the collecting box 217.

The top of the pre-sorting chamber body 21 is provided with an air supply device 201 for supplying fresh air into the pre-sorting chamber body 21, the bottom of the pre-sorting chamber body 21 is provided with an air extraction device 6, and negative pressure is formed in the pre-sorting chamber body 21. In the process of sorting and pouring, the waste liquid in the glass bottle may have the properties of flammability, volatility, toxicity and the like, and the poison can be discharged out of the pre-sorting chamber body 21 through the air supply device 201 and the air exhaust device 6.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, broken line 400 is vertical four-layer structure, including upset material loading machine 2 that from the top down docks in proper order, feed bin 5, soft hookup 12, vibrating feeder 13, one-level breaker 15, material way 16, second grade breaker 17, drop water screw conveyer 18 and vibratory screening machine 7, vibratory screening machine's sieve mesh diameter is 8mm (satisfying the size demand of hopper), this vibratory screening machine 7 has two discharge gates, one is the oversize thing discharge gate, one is the undersize thing discharge gate, be provided with the conveying roller under the undersize thing discharge gate, be provided with the platform scale under the oversize thing discharge gate, all placed the splendid attire basket on conveying roller and the platform scale.

The upper part of the crushing line 400 is connected with the upper layer of the vertical warehouse 100 through an upper roller path line 1, and the lower part of the crushing line 400 is connected with the lower layer of the vertical warehouse 100 through a lower roller path line 3.

The primary crusher 15 and the secondary crusher 17 are hammer crushers. Temperature sensor 14 is installed additional on 5 upper portions in the feeding storehouse of one-level breaker 15, and when the detonation took place in the breaker storehouse, the warning effect was played, and relevant one-level breaker 15 and second grade breaker 17 shut down, played safety protection's effect to the breaker. The inclination angle of the draining spiral conveyor 18 is 7-15 DEG

The top layer of broken line 400 is upset machine room body 4, and upset material loading machine 2 is located upset machine room body 4, and upset machine room body 4 top also is equipped with updraft ventilator 6, and the entry of upset machine room body 4 also is equipped with the magnetism and hangs the curtain, sets up updraft ventilator 6 and the purpose of magnetism hanging the curtain at upset machine room body 4 and also is in order to prevent that the peculiar smell gas in the upset machine room body 4 from leaking.

The invention also provides a pretreatment method of the solid inorganic hazardous waste, which comprises the following steps:

step one, pre-sorting

Solid inorganic hazardous waste coming materials in the raw material temporary storage 200 are transported into the pre-sorting chamber body 21 through a forklift, and are conveyed to the manual sorting operation table 210 through the electric single-beam overhead crane 20 at the top of the pre-sorting chamber body 21 for manual sorting.

For the glass bottle capable of opening the bottle cap, a worker directly opens the bottle cap of the glass bottle, the bottle cap and a packing material are thrown into the bottle cap and the packing material collecting barrel 212, then waste liquid in the glass bottle is poured out, a single or a plurality of glass bottles are simultaneously connected with a water tap of the bottle washing tank 215 for washing the bottles, then the glass bottles are thrown into the glass bottle collecting barrel 211 (container), if the size of the glass bottles is too large, the worker breaks the glass bottles on the container and then throws the glass bottles into the container, and the size of the glass bottles in the container is ensured to be smaller than 250 mm.

For small injection and powder medicine bottles which cannot be opened, the small injection and powder medicine bottles are thrown into a pre-sorting crusher 214 to be crushed, water is added into the pre-sorting crusher 214, the glass bottles in the pre-sorting crusher 214 are in a liquid flowing state, the crushed glass residues enter a hanging basket, the water plays a role in diluting waste liquid, then the hanging basket is fished up, and the glass residues in the hanging basket are thrown into a container.

Step two, conveying

The glass bottles after being pre-sorted are placed in a container, the container is conveyed to a lower roller line 3 of a crushing line 400 through a forklift and then transversely conveyed to a lower layer of a vertical warehouse 100 through the lower roller line 3, the container is conveyed upwards by a vertical warehouse conveyor in the vertical warehouse 100 and then conveyed to the crushing line 400 through an upper roller line 1 of the crushing line 400.

Step three, crushing

The glass bottles to be crushed sequentially pass through the overturning feeding machine 2, the bin 5, the soft connection 12, the vibrating feeder 13, the primary crusher 15, the material channel 16 and the secondary crusher 17 from top to bottom, the glass bottles are crushed to glass slag with the size of below 8mm through the primary crusher 15 and the secondary crusher 17, the feeding amount of the glass bottles is 12t/h, the crushed materials are glass slag, and the glass slag contains bottle caps and waste liquid.

Step four, separation

And (3) discharging residual waste liquid and waste water in part of the glass bottles, separating the broken glass from the waste liquid by using the draining spiral conveyor 18, and enabling the broken glass bottles and bottle caps to enter the vibrating screening machine 7, wherein the diameter of the bottle caps is kept to be more than 10mm because the bottle caps are difficult to break by the breaking machine, and the vibrating screening machine 7 separates the glass from the bottle caps. Discharging the glass from a screen underflow discharge port and feeding the glass into a containing basket on a conveying roller; the bottle lid is followed the discharge of screen material discharge gate and is gone into the dress basket that holds on the platform balance, and the platform balance is measured the bottle lid. The containing basket is used for containing glass and the bottle cap and then respectively storing the glass and the bottle cap. Glass bottle and bottle lid become solid danger alone useless, can cooperate the useless production line of solid danger to carry out subsequent volume and handle, have realized the joint disposition between each production line.

And the glass slag crushed by the crusher enters a draining spiral conveyor 18 for separating solid from liquid, the solid enters a vibrating sieving machine 7, the oversize is a bottle cap, and the undersize is crushed glass slag.

Step five, finished product conveying

Oversize materials enter the containers on the lower roller path line 3 of the crushing line 400, directly enter the vertical warehouse 100 through the lower roller path line 3 of the crushing line 400 for storage and management, undersize materials enter the containers on the outer side of the lower roller path line 3 of the crushing line 400, and the containers are conveyed to the lower roller path line 3 of the crushing line 400 through a forklift and then enter the vertical warehouse 100.

By adopting the technical scheme, the waste liquid and the broken objects in the glass bottles are separated, the bottle caps can be separated from the glass, the breakage of the glass bottles is refined, the granularity of the treated dangerous waste products is less than or equal to 8mm, the impurity rate is less than or equal to 5%, the water content is less than or equal to 5%, the overall performance is uniform and stable, the kiln condition does not need to be frequently adjusted when the glass bottles are fired, and the quality of the broken raw materials is ensured. And because the waste liquid is removed in the pre-sorting process, the feeding requirement of a raw material system can be ensured, the potential safety hazard of explosion in the treatment process can be avoided, and the potential safety hazard problem that the waste liquid reacts with each other to generate inflammable gas is avoided.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. The pretreatment method of the solid inorganic hazardous waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, pre-sorting

The pre-separation line comprises a pre-separation chamber body, the pre-separation chamber body is of an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure, a pre-separation operation table is arranged in the upper layer, a bottle washing tank is arranged in the middle of the pre-separation operation table, the bottom of the bottle washing tank extends into the lower layer of the pre-separation chamber body, and a wastewater collection barrel is arranged on the lower layer of the pre-separation chamber body and used for collecting wastewater flowing down in the bottle washing tank; for the glass bottle with the bottle cap capable of being opened, the glass bottle is put into a container after being opened and cleaned; directly putting small injection and powder overdue medicine bottles which can not be opened into a small crusher for crushing, adding water into the small crusher while feeding, and putting the crushed glass residues into a container after draining;

step two, crushing

Conveying the glass bottles to a crushing line for crushing, transversely conveying the containers to a turnover machine of the crushing line, pouring the glass bottles in the containers into a vibrating feeder, conveying the glass bottles into the crusher by the vibrating feeder for crushing, wherein the crushed materials are glass residues which contain bottle caps and waste liquid; the top layer of the crushing line is provided with an air draft device, and a magnetic hanging curtain is arranged at the inlet of the turnover machine;

step three, separation

Separating solid and liquid from the broken glass slag, wherein the inclination angle of the adopted draining spiral conveyor is 7-15 degrees; the solid enters a vibrating screening machine, the oversize is a bottle cap, the undersize is broken glass slag, the impurity rate of the treated hazardous waste product is less than or equal to 5%, and the water content is less than or equal to 5%;

step four, conveying finished products: the oversize material enters the container on the lower roller path line of the crushing line, directly enters the vertical warehouse through the lower roller path line of the crushing line, the undersize material enters the container on the outer side of the lower roller path line of the crushing line, and the container is conveyed to the lower roller path line of the crushing line through a forklift and then enters the vertical warehouse.

2. The method for pre-treating solid inorganic hazardous waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-sorting of the first step is performed under normal temperature conditions in a pre-sorting chamber.

3. The method for pre-treating solid inorganic hazardous waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the first step, both sides of the pre-sorting operation stage can be simultaneously sorted.

4. The method for pre-treating solid inorganic hazardous waste as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein in said first step, the guaranteed size is less than 250mm for a very small amount of oversized glass bottles capable of being opened.

5. The method for pretreating solid inorganic hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the inverting machine, the vibratory feeding machine and the crusher in the second step and the draining screw conveyor and the vibratory screening machine in the third step are arranged in this order from top to bottom.

6. The method for pre-treating solid inorganic hazardous waste according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the crushing in the second step is performed using a two-stage hammer crusher.

7. The method for pre-treating solid inorganic hazardous waste as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the second step, the particle size of the glass residue is less than or equal to 8mm after the glass bottle is crushed by the two-stage hammer crusher.

8. The method for pre-treating solid inorganic hazardous waste according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the containers are transported to the lower roller line of the crushing line in the second step by a forklift and laterally transported to the lower floor of the shaft by the lower roller line of the crushing line; and in the second step, the container is conveyed to the turnover machine from the upper layer of the vertical warehouse through an upper roller way line of the crushing line.