FR2887900A1 - Electricity generating system constructing and installing method, involves towing assembly of ballast, system and structure to site, maintaining descended structure on sea-bed and resetting cans in flotation after detaching, to be reused - Google Patents
Electricity generating system constructing and installing method, involves towing assembly of ballast, system and structure to site, maintaining descended structure on sea-bed and resetting cans in flotation after detaching, to be reused Download PDFInfo
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- FR2887900A1 FR2887900A1 FR0506716A FR0506716A FR2887900A1 FR 2887900 A1 FR2887900 A1 FR 2887900A1 FR 0506716 A FR0506716 A FR 0506716A FR 0506716 A FR0506716 A FR 0506716A FR 2887900 A1 FR2887900 A1 FR 2887900A1
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- France
- Prior art keywords
- seabed
- gravity
- wind turbine
- ballast
- flotation
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/40—Arrangements or methods specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un procédé de construction et de miseThe present invention relates to a method of constructing and
en place d'une installation de production d'électricité en mer comprenant une éolienne et une structure gravitaire de support de cette éolienne conçue pour reposer sur un fond marin. La présente invention est aussi relative à une telle installation adaptée à in place of an offshore power plant including a wind turbine and gravity support structure of this wind turbine designed to rest on a seabed. The present invention also relates to such an installation adapted to
la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.the implementation of this method.
On a déjà proposé de produire de l'électricité à l'aide d'éoliennes installées en mer, notamment à proximité d'un rivage. Suivant les propositions connues, l'éolienne est montée sur une tour, dite "jacket", en treillis métallique par exemple, posée et fixée sur un fond marin, à la manière d'une plate-forme gravitaire. It has already been proposed to produce electricity using wind turbines installed at sea, particularly near a shore. According to the known proposals, the wind turbine is mounted on a tower, called "jacket", wire mesh for example, placed and fixed on a seabed, in the manner of a gravity platform.
La mise en place d'une telle installation sur un site final d'exploitation comprend alors deux phases successives correspondant à la mise en place de la tour et de l'éolienne, respectivement. Ces opérations mobilisent une flotte importante et donc coûteuse: barges spéciales, derricks barges, etc.... Elles sont en outre très dépendantes des conditions météorologiques. Ces limitations affectent actuellement l'intérêt de la création de fermes ou champs d'éoliennes en mer alors qu'on souhaite cependant développer de telles fermes en mer car c'est là que les nuisances esthétiques ou sonores qui leur sont attachées sont les moins sensibles. The installation of such an installation on a final site of operation then comprises two successive phases corresponding to the establishment of the tower and the wind turbine, respectively. These operations mobilize a large and therefore expensive fleet: special barges, derricks barges, etc .... They are also very dependent on weather conditions. These limitations currently affect the interest of the creation of farms or fields of wind turbines at sea whereas one wishes however to develop such farms at sea because it is there that the aesthetic nuisances or noise which are attached to them are the least sensitive .
La présente invention a précisément pour but de surmonter ces limitations. The present invention is specifically intended to overcome these limitations.
On atteint ce but de l'invention, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, avec un procédé de construction et de mise en place d'une installation de production d'électricité en mer comprenant une éolienne et une structure gravitaire de support de cette éolienne conçue pour reposer sur un fond marin, suivant lequel: a) on construit la structure à sec en y ménageant au moins un espace destiné à recevoir un lest et on y attache au moins un caisson de flottaison amovible, b) on met la structure en flottaison et à quai pour le chargement du lest et l'installation de l'éolienne sur la structure, depuis le quai, c) on remorque l'ensemble ainsi constitué sur son site d'exploitation final et on fait descendre la structure gravitaire sur le fond marin par ballastage du caisson de flottaison, et d) on maintient ladite structure gravitaire sur ledit fond sous l'effet de son propre poids, on détache le caisson de la structure et on le remet en flottaison par déballastage pour être récupéré et réutilisé. 30 This object of the invention is achieved, as well as others which will appear on reading the following description, with a method of constructing and setting up an offshore electricity production installation comprising a wind turbine. and a gravity support structure of this wind turbine designed to rest on a seabed, according to which: a) the dry structure is constructed by providing at least one space for receiving a ballast and attaching at least one flotation chamber; removable, b) the structure is floated and docked for the loading of the ballast and the installation of the wind turbine on the structure, from the wharf, c) the entire assembly thus formed is towed on its final operating site and the gravity structure is lowered on the seabed by ballasting the buoyancy chamber, and d) the said gravity structure is maintained on the said bottom under the effect of its own weight, the caisson is detached from the structure and it is returned in flotation by deballasting to be recovered and reused. 30
Comme on le verra plus loin en détail, le procédé suivant l'invention permet de remorquer sur site tous les composants de l'installation en un seul voyage, ce qui est très favorable du point de vue économique. Ce voyage unique rend aussi l'opération moins dépendante des conditions météorologiques. La réutilisation du ou des caissons de flottaison abaisse encore le coût d'installation dans le cas de la construction d'une ferme d'éoliennes. As will be seen below in detail, the method according to the invention makes it possible to tow on site all the components of the installation in a single trip, which is very favorable from the economic point of view. This unique trip also makes the operation less dependent on weather conditions. The reuse of the buoyancy chamber (s) further reduces the cost of installation in the case of the construction of a wind farm.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de la présente invention: - à l'étape a) , on fixe au moins deux caissons de flottaison sur la structure gravitaire de support, sensiblement symétriquement par rapport à l'axe d'un mât de 10 support d'une génératrice d'électricité formant partie de l'éolienne, - on fixe le ou les caissons au voisinage de la périphérie de la structure de manière à assurer la stabilité de l'ensemble tout au long de son remorquage et de sa descente vers le fond marin, - le ou les caissons amovibles sont dimensionnés verticalement de manière à 15 déborder de la surface de l'eau quand la structure gravitaire vient à toucher le fond marin, - à l'étape b), on met ladite structure en flottaison par ripage sur une rampe de lancement. According to other features of the present invention: in step a), at least two buoyancy chambers are fixed on the gravity supporting structure, substantially symmetrically with respect to the axis of a support mast; an electricity generator forming part of the wind turbine, the box (es) are fixed in the vicinity of the periphery of the structure so as to ensure the stability of the assembly throughout its towing and its descent towards the bottom marine, - the removable box or boxes are dimensioned vertically so as to protrude from the surface of the water when the gravity structure comes to touch the seabed, - in step b), said structure is floated by shifting on a launching pad.
La présente invention fournit aussi une installation de production d'électricité en mer adaptée à la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, comprenant une éolienne et une structure gravitaire de support de cette éolienne conçue pour reposer sur un fond marin, remarquable en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de fixation temporaire d'au moins un caisson de flottaison amovible sur la structure gravitaire, pendant le remorquage sur site de cet ensemble et pendant sa descente contrôlée vers le fond marin, par ballastage du caisson. The present invention also provides an offshore electricity production installation adapted to the implementation of this method, comprising a wind turbine and a gravity support structure of this wind turbine designed to rest on a seabed, remarkable in that it includes means for temporarily fixing at least one removable flotation box on the gravity structure, during the on-site towing of this assembly and during its controlled descent to the seabed, by ballasting the box.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de cette installation: - les moyens de fixation sont conçus pour retenir temporairement au moins deux caissons de flottaison de forme parallélépipédique disposés au voisinage de la périphérie de la structure gravitaire de support, sensiblement symétriquement par rapport à l'axe d'un mât de support d'une génératrice d'électricité formant partie de l'éolienne, - les caissons sont positionnés et dimensionnés pour assurer la flottaison et la stabilité de l'ensemble éolienne/structure de support pendant le remorquage sur site de cet ensemble et la stabilité de l'ensemble pendant sa descente contrôlée vers le 35 fond marin, par ballastage du caisson, - les caissons amovibles sont dimensionnés verticalement de manière à déborder de la surface de l'eau quand la structure gravitaire vient à toucher le fond marin, - la structure gravitaire comprend une base ballastée avec un lest solide, -cette base est aussi ballastée à l'eau de mer. According to other characteristics of this installation: the fastening means are designed to temporarily retain at least two parallelepiped-shaped flotation chambers arranged in the vicinity of the periphery of the gravity support structure, substantially symmetrically with respect to the axis of a support pole of an electricity generator forming part of the wind turbine, the caissons are positioned and dimensioned to ensure the floatation and the stability of the wind turbine / support structure during the on-site towing of this assembly and the stability of the assembly during its controlled descent to the seabed, by ballasting of the caisson, the removable caissons are dimensioned vertically so as to overflow the surface of the water when the gravitational structure comes to touch the seabed - the gravity structure comprises a ballasted base with a solid ballast, - this base is also ballasted with water of m st.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre et à l'examen du dessin annexé dans lequel: - la figure 1 est une vue en élévation de l'installation de production d'électricité en mer suivant l'invention, et - les figures 2A à 2G illustrent schématiquement des étapes successives de la construction et de la mise en place de l'installation représentée à la figure 1. Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following description and on examining the appended drawing in which: FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the electricity generating installation in sea according to the invention, and - Figures 2A to 2G schematically illustrate successive steps of the construction and implementation of the installation shown in Figure 1.
On se réfère à la figure 1 du dessin annexé où l'on a représenté schématiquement une éolienne 1 comprenant un mât vertical 2 supportant un groupe 3 de production d'électricité constitué d'une génératrice électrique dont le rotor est entraîné en rotation par des pales 4, à 43 mises en mouvement par le vent, comme cela est bien connu. Referring to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing which shows schematically a wind turbine 1 comprising a vertical mast 2 supporting a group 3 of electricity production consisting of an electric generator whose rotor is rotated by blades 4, at 43 set in motion by the wind, as is well known.
Sur la figure 1 il apparaît aussi que le mât 2, d'axe X, est monté et fixé coaxialement sur une colonne 5 elle-même solidaire d'une base 6 reposant sur un fond marin 7, la colonne débordant de la surface 8 de l'eau. In FIG. 1 it also appears that the mast 2, of axis X, is mounted and fixed coaxially on a column 5 itself secured to a base 6 resting on a seabed 7, the column projecting from the surface 8 of the water.
L'extrémité supérieure 5a de la colonne 5, sur laquelle repose le mât 2, établit aussi une plate-forme d'inspection, située à une hauteur telle que celle-ci n'est jamais atteinte par les eaux durant les tempêtes. C'est au niveau de cette plate-forme que sont établies des connexions entre les câbles électriques (non représentés) débitant l'énergie produite par l'éolienne et ceux conduisant cette énergie vers les lieux d'utilisation à terre. The upper end 5a of the column 5, on which the mast 2, also establishes an inspection platform, located at a height such that it is never reached by the water during storms. It is at this platform that connections are established between the electrical cables (not shown) delivering the energy produced by the wind turbine and those driving this energy to the land use locations.
La base 6 prend la forme d'un caisson aplati de section verticale carrée, rectangulaire, polygonale ou circulaire, par exemple, ballasté avec un lest solide 9 complété, dans le mode de réalisation représenté à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif seulement, par un volume 10 d'eau de mer. The base 6 takes the form of a flat box of square, rectangular, polygonal or circular vertical section, for example, ballasted with a solid ballast 9 completed, in the embodiment shown by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example only, by a volume of seawater.
La base 6 peut être ancrée dans le fond marin 7 par des bêches telles que celles référencées 111 et 112 disposées autour de la périphérie de sa face inférieure. The base 6 can be anchored in the seabed 7 by spades such as those referenced 111 and 112 arranged around the periphery of its lower face.
La colonne 5 et la base 6 ainsi ballastée constituent ensemble une structure gravitaire de support de l'éolienne 1 sur le fond marin 7. Le mât 2 et cette structure sont bien entendu dimensionnés verticalement de manière que les pales 41 à 43 de l'éolienne puissent tourner largement audessus de la surface 8 de l'eau. Une telle structure 5, 6 peut faire l'objet d'une réalisation en acier ou en béton, par exemple. The column 5 and the base 6 and ballasted together constitute a gravity support structure of the wind turbine 1 on the seabed 7. The mast 2 and this structure are of course dimensioned vertically so that the blades 41 to 43 of the wind turbine can turn widely above the surface 8 of the water. Such a structure 5, 6 may be made of steel or concrete, for example.
La base 6 de la structure 5, 6 permet de transmettre au fond marin les efforts d'environnement, tels que ceux dus à la houle, au vent, aux courants marins, à d'éventuels tremblements de terre,... subis par l'éolienne et cette structure. The base 6 of the structure 5, 6 makes it possible to transmit to the seabed the environmental efforts, such as those due to waves, wind, ocean currents, earthquakes, ... suffered by the sea. wind turbine and this structure.
Pour des raisons qui apparaîtront dans la suite de la présente description, la base 6 porte des moyens de fixation temporaire d'au moins un caisson de flottaison sur sa face supérieure. Ces moyens, schématisés en 121 et 122 à la figure 1, peuvent prendre diverses formes bien connues dans l'art de la construction en mer. For reasons that will become apparent in the following description, the base 6 carries means for temporarily fixing at least one buoyancy chamber on its upper face. These means, schematized in 121 and 122 in Figure 1, may take various forms well known in the art of offshore construction.
On se réfère maintenant aux figures 2A à 2G pour décrire en détail le procédé suivant l'invention de construction et de mise en place de l'installation de production d'électricité décrite ci-dessus en liaison avec la figure 1. Referring now to Figures 2A-2G to describe in detail the method according to the invention for the construction and implementation of the power generation plant described above in connection with Figure 1.
Comme schématisé à la figure 2A, la colonne 5 et la base 6 sont construites et assemblées à sec, en cale sèche ou, comme représenté, à quai, en acier ou en béton ainsi qu'on l'a mentionné plus haut. As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2A, the column 5 and the base 6 are constructed and assembled dry, in dry dock or, as shown, docked, steel or concrete as mentioned above.
Suivant une caractéristique importante de la présente invention, à l'étape de la construction représentée à la figure 2A, on attache en outre à la base 6 au moins un caisson de flottaison, de manière amovible. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, on attache en fait à cette base 6 deux caissons de flottaison 131 et 132, à l'aide des moyens de fixation 121 et 122 respectivement, prévus à cet effet sur cette base comme on l'a vu plus haut en liaison avec la figure 1. According to an important feature of the present invention, at the stage of construction shown in Figure 2A, is further attached to the base 6 at least one buoyancy chamber, removably. In the embodiment shown, it is actually attached to this base 6 two buoyancy chambers 131 and 132, with the fixing means 121 and 122 respectively, provided for this purpose on this basis as seen more high in connection with Figure 1.
Comme on le verra plus loin ce ou ces caissons de flottaison sont positionnés et dimensionnés de manière à assurer la flottaison et la stabilité de l'ensemble éolienne/structure de support pendant le remorquage de cet ensemble sur le site final d'exploitation de l'installation de production d'électricité suivant l'invention. Ils assurent de même la stabilité de cet ensemble pendant sa descente vers le fond marin. As will be seen below this or these water boxes are positioned and sized to ensure the floatation and stability of the wind turbine / support structure during the towing of this assembly on the final site of operation of the electricity generation installation according to the invention. They also ensure the stability of this set during its descent to the seabed.
Les caissons 131 et 132 représentés sont de forme parallélépipédique et sont disposés au voisinage de la périphérie de la base 6 de la structure gravitaire 5, 6, symétriquement par rapport à l'axe X de la colonne 5 et du mât 2, de manière à optimiser leur efficacité dans la fonction de stabilisation qui leur est assignée. Boxes 131 and 132 shown are of parallelepipedal shape and are arranged in the vicinity of the periphery of the base 6 of the gravity structure 5, 6, symmetrically with respect to the axis X of the column 5 and the mast 2, so as to optimize their effectiveness in the stabilization function assigned to them.
A l'étape du procédé suivant l'invention illustrée par la figure 2B, on met à l'eau la structure de la figure 2A par ripage sur une rampe de lancement 14, à l'aide d'un remorqueur, non représenté. La flottaison de la structure est assurée par le volume d'air contenu dans la base 6, alors vide de tout lest, moyennant un dimensionnement convenable de cette base. At the stage of the process according to the invention illustrated by FIG. 2B, the structure of FIG. 2A is launched by shifting on a launching ramp 14, with the aid of a tug, not shown. The floatation of the structure is ensured by the volume of air contained in the base 6, then empty of all ballast, with a suitable sizing of this base.
La structure flottante est ensuite remorquée à quai pour recevoir son lest solide 9, chargé dans la base 6 (voir figure 2C) puis l'éolienne proprement dite (figure 2D). Sous l'effet des poids du lest et de l'éolienne, la structure s'enfonce dans l'eau sans cesser de flotter grâce aux caissons de flottaison alors également partiellement enfoncés dans l'eau. The floating structure is then towed to the dock to receive its solid ballast 9, loaded in the base 6 (see Figure 2C) and the wind itself (Figure 2D). Under the weight of the ballast and the wind turbine, the structure sinks into the water without ceasing to float thanks to the floatation caissons then also partially sunk into the water.
L'ensemble ainsi constitué est alors de nouveau remorqué (figure 2E) jusqu'à son site final d'exploitation où la structure de support est immergée jusqu'à reposer sur le fond marin, par un ballastage progressif et contrôlé en eau de mer, des caissons de flottaisonl3, et 132 (figure 2F). The assembly thus formed is then towed again (Figure 2E) to its final operating site where the support structure is submerged to rest on the seabed, by a gradual ballast and controlled seawater, floatation caissons 13 and 132 (FIG. 2F).
La structure gravitaire de support repose maintenant sur le fond marin sous l'effet de son propre poids et de celui du lest solide 9, éventuellement complété par un ballastage complémentaire 10 en eau de mer de cette base. The gravity support structure now rests on the seabed under the effect of its own weight and that of the solid ballast 9, possibly supplemented by a complementary ballast 10 in seawater of this base.
Cette structure gravitaire est éventuellement fixée sur le fond marin fixée par les bêches prévues sur la base 6 (voir figure 1). This gravity structure is possibly fixed on the seabed fixed by the spades provided on the base 6 (see Figure 1).
Suivant la présente invention, des plongeurs vont ensuite déconnecter les caissons de flottaison de la base 6 par désactivation des moyens de fixation 121 et 122. Les caissons sont enfin vidés de l'eau qu'ils contiennent par pompage et remis ainsi en flottaison (figure 2G) pour être récupérés en vue de la mise en place d'une autre installation. According to the present invention, divers will then disconnect the buoyancy chambers from the base 6 by deactivation of the fastening means 121 and 122. The caissons are finally emptied of the water they contain by pumping and thus floated back (FIG. 2G) to be retrieved for the installation of another installation.
On comprend que cette récupération, additionnée au transport sur site de tous les éléments de l'installation en un seul voyage, rend le procédé suivant l'invention particulièrement économique et sûr, notamment quand il s'agit d'installer de vastes champs d'éoliennes, ceci conformément au but de l'invention annoncé en It is understood that this recovery, added to the on-site transport of all the elements of the installation in a single trip, makes the process according to the invention particularly economical and safe, especially when it comes to installing large fields of wind turbines, this in accordance with the purpose of the invention announced in
préambule de la présente description. preamble of the present description.
On comprend en outre qu'en inversant les étapes du procédé illustré par les figures 2A à 2G, il est possible de ramener une installation à quai en vue d'opérations de maintenance ou de réparation. Ces opérations peuvent alors être exécutées dans des conditions bien meilleures qu'en pleine mer. Ce procédé inversé permet aussi de déplacer des installations d'un champ à un autre, en tant que de besoin. It is furthermore understood that by reversing the steps of the method illustrated by FIGS. 2A to 2G, it is possible to bring a plant back to shore for maintenance or repair operations. These operations can then be performed under much better conditions than at sea. This inverted process also makes it possible to move installations from one field to another, as needed.
Il est clair que la stabilité des installations ou parties d'installation transportées par le procédé suivant l'invention doit restée bonne tout au long de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. Pour ce faire les caissons doivent être dimensionnés de manière à donner à celles-ci la flottabilité permettant de compenser les poids supportés par ces caissons, et ceci à tout instant du transport et de l'immersion. On fera donc en sorte qu'à tout instant l'expression (p - a) reste positive, p étant le rayon métacentrique du corps flottant et a la hauteur du centre de gravité de ce corps au-dessus de la carène. It is clear that the stability of the installations or plant parts transported by the method according to the invention has remained good throughout the implementation of this method. To do this the boxes must be sized to give them the buoyancy to compensate for the weight supported by these boxes, and this at all times of transport and immersion. It will therefore be ensured that at all times the expression (p - a) remains positive, p being the metacentric radius of the floating body and at the height of the center of gravity of this body above the hull.
A cet égard on remarquera une disposition avantageuse des caissons de flottaison, illustrée sur la figure 2F. Sur cette figure il apparaît en effet que ces caissons sont dimensionnés verticalement de manière à déborder légèrement de la surface 8 de l'eau quand la structure gravitaire 5, 6 repose sur le fond marin. On maximise ainsi l'inertie de la section de l'ensemble structure/caissons tout au long de l'immersion de cette structure et donc la valeur de p qui est directement proportionnelle à cette inertie. In this respect we will notice an advantageous arrangement of the water boxes, illustrated in Figure 2F. In this figure it appears in fact that these boxes are dimensioned vertically so as to slightly exceed the surface 8 of the water when the gravity structure 5, 6 rests on the seabed. This maximizes the inertia of the section of the entire structure / caissons throughout the immersion of this structure and therefore the value of p which is directly proportional to this inertia.
On remarquera encore que la stabilité en place est due à l'effort qu'exerce le lest sur le fond, cette stabilité permettant de résister au couple de renversement dû aux efforts de courant et de vent. It will also be noted that the stability in place is due to the effort exerted by the ballast on the bottom, this stability to withstand the torque reversal due to current and wind forces.
On remarquera encore que la réutilisation des caissons de flottaison, et donc leur retrait de l'installation finale, permet de réduire les efforts d'environnement subis par cette installation, par réduction de la prise offerte à de tels efforts. It will again be noted that the reuse of the water boxes, and therefore their removal from the final installation, reduces the environmental efforts suffered by this installation, by reducing the grip offered to such efforts.
A titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, l'invention permet de réaliser une installation de production d'électricité en mer d'une puissance de 3 MW délivrée par une génératrice installée à environ 70 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Le poids total d'une telle installation, comprenant une structure gravitaire en acier, est d'environ 6000 tonnes pendant son transport, dont environ 450 tonnes de caissons de flottaison d'un volume global de 4700 m3. On comprend que la réutilisation de ces derniers est génératrice d'une économie substantielle. By way of illustrative and non-limiting example, the invention makes it possible to produce an offshore power generation installation with a power of 3 MW delivered by a generator installed at about 70 m above sea level. The total weight of such an installation, including a gravity steel structure, is about 6000 tons during its transport, including about 450 tons of buoyancy tanks with an overall volume of 4700 m3. We understand that the reuse of these is generating a substantial saving.
Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation représenté qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple. C'est ainsi que la forme, le nombre et la disposition des caissons de flottaison peuvent s'écarter largement de ceux décrits ci-dessus, au choix du concepteur et/ou en fonction de besoins spécifiques, pour autant qu'ils satisfassent aux contraintes de flottabilité et de stabilité posées plus haut. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown which has been given only as an example. Thus, the shape, number and arrangement of the water boxes may differ widely from those described above, at the choice of the designer and / or according to specific needs, provided that they meet the constraints. buoyancy and stability posed above.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0506716A FR2887900B1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING AND PLACING A PLANT FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY AT SEA |
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FR0506716A FR2887900B1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING AND PLACING A PLANT FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY AT SEA |
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FR2887900A1 true FR2887900A1 (en) | 2007-01-05 |
FR2887900B1 FR2887900B1 (en) | 2007-09-07 |
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GB2454585A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-13 | Freyssinet | Method for the transport of a civil engineering structure in an aquatic medium |
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