FR2876371A1 - COMPOSITION BASED ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE WASTES FROM PROCESSING COMPONENTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL OR VINICULTURAL INDUSTRY - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is compositions comprising organic vegetable waste originating from the processing sectors of the agricultural or wine-making industry, and hydrated calcium sulphate, their process of preparation and their use as fertilizing material.

Description

COMPOSITION BASED ON ORGANIC VEGETABLE WASTE FROM

  PROCESSING OF THE AGRICULTURAL OR VINICULTURAL INDUSTRY.

TECHNICAL AREA

  The present invention relates to compositions comprising vegetable organic waste derived from processing processes of the agricultural or wine industry and hydrated calcium sulphate, their method of preparation and their use as a fertilizer.

STATE OF THE ART.

  The vegetable sector of the agricultural industry produces a lot of organic solid and liquid organic waste whose storage and disposal are more and more problematic for the environment and generate many pollution.

  These organic plant wastes are produced during the processing of various crops, including oilseed and protein crops or viniculture.

  Oleaginous and protein crops represent dozens of species, of very diverse botanical families, whose fruits or seeds are rich in lipids or proteins. These plants, annual or perennial, are grown both in the temperate zones and in the intertropical zone, and are exploited for their fruits or their seeds. The increasingly intensive cultivation of oleaginous or protein crops in order to extract the essential constituents, generally in the form of oil, generates the production of solid and liquid organic waste whose storage and disposal are increasingly problematic. for the environment and generate many pollution.

  In this context, the olive industry in particular has occupied an important place for millennia. The extraction of oils, especially olive oil, produces different types of waste according to the methods used: - Either solid waste called pomace ("grounds") consisting of pulp, olive kernels and leaves.

  - - Or aqueous liquid waste loaded with suspended residues called "black liquor". These liquid wastes have a syrupy consistency, a black color and a characteristic odor largely due to the presence of polyphenols and many other substances. These effluents have a high saline load and are very acidic, rich in organic matter and polyphenols.

  - Either pasty waste wet mud type.

  - A mixture of 2 or 3 of these types of waste.

  This waste can be used without prior treatment as a fertilizer but in a limited way; in addition, there are problems of soil leaching with these types of waste especially when they are spread in large quantities and in rainy weather.

  Moreover, in order to be eliminated, the vegetable waters are decanted in basins laid out on the ground and then the deposits are put in heaps and later covered with earth. A significant fraction of the product (the most liquid part) is also spilled (savagely) into the wild. As a result, discharges of liquid waste remain a major ecological problem for the oilseed or protein crop sector and in particular that of olive growing.

  Thus, there is a need to eliminate plant organic waste resulting from processing sectors of the agricultural or wine industry and more particularly liquid and / or solid waste produced during the extraction of vegetable oils derived from the exploitation of crops. oleaginous and protein crops.

Claims (14)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention therefore provides compositions comprising vegetable organic waste from processing sectors of the agricultural or wine industry, and hydrated calcium sulfate. According to one embodiment, the plant organic waste is derived from the extraction of oleaginous and / or proteinaceous plants preferably from the production of olive oil. The compositions according to the invention have amounts of waste expressed in% by weight ranging from 10% to 90%, preferably 10% to 60% and the amounts of sulphate. The amount of hydrated calcium expressed in% by weight ranges from 90% to 10%, preferably from 90% to 40%. According to one embodiment, the composition is in the form of granules, preferably granules with a diameter ranging from 1 mm to 15 mm. According to another embodiment, the compositions are in the form of rods, preferably rods with a length ranging from 3 mm to 20 mm and with a diameter ranging from 3 mm to 10 mm. The invention also provides the use of the compositions according to the invention as fertilizers for increasing crop productivity and / or replacing synthetic chemical fertilizers. The invention also provides a process for preparing a composition according to the invention comprising the steps of introducing organic waste, hydratable calcium sulphate, possibly a hydraulic setting accelerator and / or water into a kneader, then kneading and hydraulic setting of hydratable calcium sulphate. According to a variant, the process further comprises an extrusion step. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION The compositions according to the invention make it possible to transform plant organic waste into a storable, easy to handle, stable form especially for several months or even several years, which do not emit maceration gas. during the decomposition period.   The particular form of the composition also provides a controlled and / or progressive release effect.   These compositions have the advantage of preventing waterlogs from being discharged into sewers or surface water and thus limiting or even preventing environmental pollution. Moreover, the use of these compositions can be carried out in a controlled manner in quantity and in time. Indeed, these compositions can be used as fertilizers on cultivated soils, for example for the cultivation of olive trees. Thus, the products that were hitherto to be spread at the time of crushing olives (November to January) can be applied at any time of the year and in particular to the optimal period determined by the agronomists for each plant species. (February to May and / or September).   Furthermore, this type of fertilizer including in particular vegetable water and grease (and possibly sludge or margins) reduces the consumption of chemical fertilizers with the resulting benefits for the agricultural economy, the environment and Sustainable development.   In addition, the compositions according to the invention make use of the known characteristic of the use of gypsum as fertilizer through its calcium and sulfur supply or as an additive to other compounds having fertilizing properties.   The compositions according to the invention also offer the following advantages: positive effects on the vegetative growth of the plant or of the herbaceous culture after controlled spreading of different quantities of the compositions on the cultivated ground and on the productivity of the crops concerned.   22472.doc-06/10 / 04-5 / 14 2876371 6 - reduction or elimination of synthetic chemical fertilizers used to fertilize the cropland, by effectively replacing them with the organic and inorganic materials provided by the compositions according to 'invention.   Improvement of the structure and chemical composition of the soil by providing organic matter and a better balance between C and N. - Preservation or increase of species and amount of microflora and microfauna in the field.   The extraction of oleaginous and / or proteinaceous from harvested fruits or seeds is generally carried out continuously or discontinuously by known methods based on pressing and centrifugation, optionally with water injection during these phases. In all cases, these processes generate organic waste either in solid forms (pomace) or in liquid forms (vegetable), or possibly in pasty form (marginons).   In the wine industry, distillery wastes generally consist of solid or semi-solid materials such as grape marcs, pips, pulps and stems.   In general, liquid or semi-liquid waste is composed of organic matter, mineral matter, nitrogenous matter, fats, often polyphenols and water, the proportions of which vary according to the mode of extraction of plant varieties and the production period. In general, solid or semi-solid wastes consist essentially of fibrous elements (for example, pulps and cores in the case of the production of oil). olive or grape marc, pips, pulp and cobs in the case of wine production).   By "hydrated calcium sulphate" is meant herein the product resulting from the hydraulic setting and hardening of a hydratable calcium sulphate, i.e. anhydrous calcium sulphate (Anhydrite II). or III) or a calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4, H2O) in crystalline form a or P. These compounds are well known to those skilled in the art and are generally obtained by baking a gypsum obtained by grinding and calcination natural gypsum extracted from quarries, or chemical gypsum (desulfogypsum).   In the compositions according to the invention, the amounts of waste expressed in% by weight of the composition range from 10% to 90%, preferably 10% to 60% and the amounts of hydrated calcium sulphate expressed in% by weight are from 90% to 10%, preferably from 90% to 40%.   The compositions are in any form compatible with the spreading habits of farmers, arboriculturists or winemakers, and preferably in the form of granules or rushes.   The granules may have diameters ranging from 1 to 20 mm, preferably 3 to 10 mm. The rods may have diameters ranging from 3 to 10, preferably 5 to 8 mm and lengths ranging from 3 to 20, preferably 10 to 15 mm.   The process for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention comprises a step of introduction into an organic waste mixer, of hydratable calcium sulphate and adjuvants known in the art as setting accelerators, possibly of water, then a step of mixing during which the granulation is carried out. The hydraulic setting of the hydratable calcium sulfate begins as soon as the water is introduced and ends after the granulation step. Waste is usually introduced first. The mixture of hydratable calcium sulfate and adjuvants is then introduced. The amount of water added depends on the nature of the waste. For liquid waste, no addition of water is made (the water used for hydration is that provided by liquid waste).   For pasty waste, in general, no addition of water is made (the water used for hydration is that provided by pasty waste). In this case, the water-to-solid ratio of the hydratable calcium sulfate / waste mixture is between 0.25 and 0.45. For solid and dry waste, water is preferably introduced after the waste and the hydratable calcium sulfate. The ratio between the mass of water supplied and the mass of solid (hydratable calcium sulfate plus waste) is for example between 0.15 and 0.35.   The respective amounts of waste and hydratable calcium sulfate introduced to obtain the compositions of the invention depend on the type of waste and are generally (expressed in% by weight): E for liquid waste (vegetable waters, for example) is used a quantity of hydratable calcium sulfate ranging from 70% to 90% by weight and a quantity of liquid waste ranging from 30% to 10% by weight.   For slurry waste (marginons, for example), an amount of hydratable calcium sulfate ranging from 40% to 60% by weight and a quantity of pasty waste ranging from 60% to 40% by weight are used.   For solid and dry waste (for example, olive cake), an amount of hydratable calcium sulfate ranging from 80% to 60% by weight and an amount of 80% by weight is used. solid waste ranging from 20% to 40% by weight and the amount of water sufficient for the hydraulic setting is added.   The water may preferably be added during, and / or after the step of mixing the waste and the sulphate of hydratable calcium.   As an accelerator, any type known in the art can be used, for example gypsum, BMA, aluminum sulfate or zinc, etc. The amount is between 1 and 5% by weight, for example. Insofar as the waste is in general acid, they have a marked retarding effect, which generally leads to a relatively large amount of accelerator. Waste that may require an accelerator is liquid and pasty waste.   As a retarder, any type known in the art, for example citric acid, can be used. The amount used is between 1 and 3 per thousand by weight, for example. This type of formulation is used for solid and dry waste.   The granulation is generally concomitant with the kneading step. The wet granules are generally dried at room temperature.   The kneading process may be followed by an extrusion step when the product resulting from the kneading is in pasty form. As soon as obtained, the dough is extruded continuously in the form of rushes, these rushes are then dried and cut.   This process for preparing the compositions according to the invention may advantageously be implemented as and when organic waste is produced at the end of the oil extraction process, which makes it possible to prevent the waste from are stored sustainably causing malodorous and / or rejected fermentations in nature. In addition it can be implemented in a rudimentary device, for example simply a concrete mixer site. EXAMPLES   The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it. Example 1   51 kg of marginons, 66 kg of hydratable calcium sulfate and 1% of BMA (4) (mixture of starch and gypsum 50/50 by weight).   The marginons are introduced first into the mixer and are kneaded for one minute. The hydratable calcium sulfate (containing the BMA (4)) is introduced gradually over a period of 4 min. The mixer is stopped and the granules are removed from the mixer.   In general, the diameters of the granules obtained are substantially between about 3 and about 25 mm. Example 2   kg of marginons, 78 kg of hydratable calcium sulfate and 1% of BMA (4) (mixture of starch and gypsum 50/50 by weight).   The marginons are introduced first into the mixer and are kneaded for one minute. The hydratable calcium sulfate (containing the BMA (4)) is introduced over a period of 1 min. The mixing lasts 5 minutes, then the mixer is stopped and the granules are removed from the mixer.   In general, the diameters of the granules obtained are substantially between about 1 and about 10 mm. 22472.doc-06/10 / 04-10 / 14 2876371 11 Example 3   34.4 kg of pomace (dry waste of several cm), 75 kg of hydratable calcium sulphate, 0.2% of citric acid 5 and 19kg of water.   The pomace is first introduced into the mixer. The water is then introduced into the mixer. The pomace and water are kneaded for 1 minute. The hydratable calcium sulfate (containing the retarder) is introduced over a period of 1 min. The mixing lasts 5 minutes, then the mixer is stopped and the granules are removed from the mixer.   In general, the diameters of the granules obtained are substantially between about 5 and about 25 mm. Example 4   16 kg of vegetable water (liquid waste) and 75 kg of hydratable calcium sulphate containing 2% BMA (4) Vegetables are introduced first into the mixer. The hydratable calcium sulfate (containing the BMA (4)) is introduced over a period of 1 min. The mixing lasts 5 minutes, then the mixer is stopped and the granules are removed from the mixer.   In general, the diameters of the granules obtained are substantially between about 1 and about 15 mm. 22472.doc-06/10 / 04-11 / 14   1. Composition comprising organic vegetable waste derived from the processing sectors of the agricultural or wine industry, and hydrated calcium sulphate.   2. Composition according to claim 1 wherein the organic vegetable waste is derived from the extraction of oleaginous plants and / or proteinaceous plants preferably derived from the production of olive oil.   3. Composition according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the amounts of waste expressed in% by weight, range from 10% to 90%, preferably 10% to 60% and the amounts of hydrated calcium sulfate expressed in% by weight are from 90% to 10%, preferably from 90% to 40%.   4. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3 in the form of granules, preferably granules with a diameter ranging from 1 mm to 15 mm.   5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3 in the form of rushes, preferably rods of length ranging from 3 mm to 20 mm and with a diameter ranging from 3 mm to 10 mm.   6. Fertilizer composition according to one of claims 1 to 5. 10   7. Use of the compositions according to one of claims 1 to 6 as a fertilizer for increasing crop productivity and / or replacing synthetic chemical fertilizers.   8. A process for preparing a composition according to one of claims 1 to 6 comprising the steps of introduction of organic waste, hydratable calcium sulfate, optionally a hydraulic setting accelerator and / or water in a kneader, then kneading and hydraulic setting of hydratable calcium sulfate.   The method of claim 8 further comprising an extrusion step. 22472.doc-06/10 / 04-13 / 14