CN100391906C - Process for the treatment of palm waste - Google Patents
Process for the treatment of palm waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100391906C CN100391906C CNB2003801025769A CN200380102576A CN100391906C CN 100391906 C CN100391906 C CN 100391906C CN B2003801025769 A CNB2003801025769 A CN B2003801025769A CN 200380102576 A CN200380102576 A CN 200380102576A CN 100391906 C CN100391906 C CN 100391906C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- palm
- peat
- chopping
- waste material
- fibrous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
A process for treating palm waste comprising the steps of: a) shredding palm fibrous waste; b) blending the shredded palm fibrous waste with a dried plant mill effluent and peat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used to handle palm waste.
Palm is a kind of palmaceous plant and common bulky, has by the no branch trunk of pinniform or digitated leaf covering.Known kind probably has 1,000 kinds, and they almost all are grown in the torrid zone or subtropical zone.The timber of the babassu of numerous species, leaf, resin and fruit are all extremely important to the domestic economy of many countries in the world.Wherein foremost have cocoa palm, fan-shaped palm, wax palm palmitic acid, palmyra and a multiple palm that is called as volume heart palm and dwarf palmetto (palmetto).Well-known oil palm, nipa palm and cocoanut tree are to spread all over a plurality of geographic cash crop of East Asia, the Middle East and the African continent.The results of all these palms have caused the generation of considerable biomass (biomass) and waste material.Biomass and waste material produce in a variety of forms, maximum be from the palm leaf of daily pruning and empty fruit bunches.Results most of biomass that palm produced and waste material were not handled with a kind of satisfactory way.For example, the method for the most frequently used processing leaf is burnt exactly.The burning of leaf has caused many pollutions and has thought not satisfied.
Other method of handling leaf is included in simple accumulation the around the results ground, and wherein biomass or waste material can rot in the long term or divide and take off.The speed of piling up when described biomass and waste material is during greater than its septic speed, and this method is normally unsafty.
As an example, oil palm is that many countries are particularly the cash crop in whole South East Asia.The results of oil palm have caused a large amount of biomass and waste material.Biomass and waste material produce in a variety of forms, comprise the ejecta that palm trunk, the palm leaf from daily pruning, empty bundle, shell, fiber and the whole fruit bunches of processing after the felling are produced.Though workshop-sink, filter cake (perhaps factory's filter mud) and scrub raffinate have been converted into useful byproduct, for example chemical fertilizer, fuel, animal-feed and biogas, most of biomass that oil palm produced of results and waste material are but handled with a kind of satisfactory way.For example, the most frequently used processing biomass and the method for waste material are burnt exactly.The burning of biomass and waste material has caused many pollutions and has thought not satisfied.Present many countries forbid (comprising Indonesia and Malaysia) biomass and the waste material of combustion oil palm.
Similar to the biomass of handling oil palm with waste material, in peripheral region, results ground nipa palm simply to be piled up, wherein said biomass and waste material can rot in the long term or divide and take off, and such treatment process also is not satisfied.
Each part of oil palm waste can be used separately when the results oil palm, but the complete terms of settlement that still needs a kind of handling oil palm waste, utilizing whole waste materials, and obtain helping the byproduct of the Sustainable development of economy and environment by the handling oil palm.
For example cocoanut tree is same generates a large amount of waste materials for other palm crops, it is not provided and uses suitably or processing mode, usually these waste materials with the form of stores through decomposing very long period or rotting.
We have found that a kind of method now, can overcome at least a above-mentioned shortcoming by this or be at least the user a kind of economically viable selection be provided.
According to a kind of method that is used to handle palm waste that one embodiment of the invention provide, it may further comprise the steps:
A) chopping palm fibrous waste material;
The palm fibrous waste material that b) will shred mixes with exsiccant palm plant mill effluent and peat from oil palm source mill or nipa palm source mill.
Method of the present invention can be used for the soil media of production number of different types.As special advantage, method of the present invention can be used for producing dissimilar soil medias, so that consume the whole waste materials from palm crops.
The scope of the soil type that can produce with method of the present invention is from the high quality of production medium to coverture with outer soil mixture.The growth medium of producing by method of the present invention can be used to various uses, comprises potting mixture, soil additive, coverture, the outer soil of mushroom and the germination that is used for grass-seed as top fertilizer material.
Palm has many types, and it belongs to monocotyledons is Arecaceae.The example that produces the industry size palm class crop of a large amount of waste materials comprises oil palm, nipa palm and cocoanut tree.
Typical fibrous date palm waste comprises leaf of Fortune Windmillpalm.The sky bundle of having been peelled off fruit also is the fibrous waste that produces in nipa palm is handled.In the method for the invention, fiber and the shell of peeling off from the sky bundle from fruit piece (fruit mass) can be used as date palm fibrous waste.
Nipa palm has the commercial crop life more than 20 years.Date palm tree is removed and plants the next round crop simultaneously after this period.Per hectare produces about 75 tons of nipa palm trunk.The trunk of nipa palm can be shredded in the present invention.Typically, the trunk of nipa palm separates chopping with other fibrous date palm waste.
Fibrous oil palm waste comprises palm trunk and leaf of Fortune Windmillpalm.The sky bundle of having been peelled off fruit also is the fibrous waste that produces in oil palm is handled.In the method for the invention, fiber and the shell of peeling off from the sky bundle from the fruit piece can be used as oil palm fibrous waste.
The commercial crop life of oil palm approximately is 25 years.Oil palm is removed and plants the next round crop simultaneously after this period.Per hectare produces about 75 tons of oil palm trunk.The trunk of oil palm can be shredded in the present invention.Typically, the trunk of oil palm separates chopping with other fibrous oil palm waste.
Palm trunk can be shredded by the original place in one embodiment.When its plantation life finishes, remove leaf and use arm-type pulverizer to shred trunk from top to bottom simultaneously.The trunk material of chopping can be stacked on the ground in order to subsequently collection or after being collected and continue to put into pulverizer.In an alternate embodiment, trunk is cut down the horizontal pulverizer (horizontalshredder) of packing into simultaneously.The trunk of cutting down can be ground the efficient that can improve crushing process like this before pulverizing.Can be used on the forestry machinery hydraulically operated grasping device or grapple and grind trunk.
In the whole life of a palm tree, can periodically obtain the palm leaf as palm tree being carried out a conventional part of pruning.Usually annual every palm can be pruned out 100 kilograms leaf, and the leaf that obtains from old palm can reach 150 kilograms.When felling palm tree, also can obtain the palm leaf.Annual per hectare produces about 12 tons pruning leaf.
Described leaf can shred with any convenient means.We find that it is the most easily that the leaf of pruning is sent into the horizontally-mounted pulverizer that can be sprayed onto the material of chopping in the hopper or be used for the stockpile of follow-up collection.
Preferably the mince mean sizes from the palm leaf arrives 10mm at 2mm.For the quantity of the fibrous material that for example improves the bigger chopping that produces from palm trunk, can improve the mean sizes of the leaf of chopping.According to the type of the soil mixture of being produced, select the size of the material of chopping.For example when producing high-grade soil or growth medium, the material of preferred order chopping preferably makes the upper limit of the material of chopping in selected size range at the lower limit of selected size range when producing coverture.
Preferably from the mean sizes of the chopping material of the trunk of oil palm, nipa palm or other palm at 10mm to 50mm.According to the type of the soil mixture of being produced, select the size of the material of chopping.For example when producing high-grade soil or growth medium, the material of preferred order chopping preferably makes the upper limit of the material of chopping in selected size range at the lower limit of selected size range when producing coverture.
Any convenient means chopping of empty Shu Keyong.We find that it is the most easily that the sky bundle is sent into the horizontally-mounted pulverizer that can be sprayed onto the material of chopping in the hopper or be used for the stockpile of follow-up collection.Also can in pulverizer or beater grinder, handle described empty bundle.
Preferably from the mean sizes of the chopping material of sky bundle at 2mm to 10mm.According to the type of the soil mixture that is produced, select the size of the material of chopping.For example when producing high-grade soil or growth medium, the material of preferred order chopping preferably makes the upper limit of the material of chopping in selected size range at the lower limit of selected size range when producing coverture.
The palm fibrous material of chopping also can be from leaf, trunk and the shell of cocoanut tree.
Described exsiccant palm plant mill effluent can derive from any resource easily.For example described exsiccant palm plant mill effluent can be the exsiccant discharge from oil palm source mill or nipa palm source mill.For example, the fruit piece of peeling off from the oil palm fruit bunches can combine with water.Water for 5.6 tons of per 13.2 tons fruit (the general quantum of output of annual per hectare) uses.By processed fruit piece output about 14.4 tons oil and residue.
The about nut of 2 tons of outputs from the processing of fruit piece.Typically described 2 tons of nuts combine with 1 ton of water and are used for processing.The oil (economic product that the oil palm crop is produced) that this processing output is about 1 ton, about 1 ton shell and about 1 ton nut washings.Described washes has constituted the partial discharge thing.
Described about 14.4 tons oil of fruit piece institute output and residue are processed into about 4.4 tons oil, and this processes the also about 10 tons residue of output simultaneously.Described residue combines with aseptic water of condensation (sterilizer condensate) and nut washings and obtains about 13.4 tons discharge.Described discharge can come dry with any convenient means.Can be in mixing tank dry expediently described discharge, wherein in drying process, stir or the upset discharge.The drum mixer that suitable mixing tank uses when being included in mixed cement.Described discharge also can rely on evaporation to come drying in the exsiccant dish-type moisture eliminator separately.Particularly preferably be described discharge must improve dryness factor and discharge through heating in drying process degree of drying.
Discharge can be divided into abrasive slurry and washes before drying.Drying and grinding mud and washes and above-mentioned similar processing to them can be used to the arbitrary or whole of drying and grinding mud and washes respectively.
Preferably 80 ℃-200 ℃ temperature range inner drying mill effluent.
The palm fibrous material of described exsiccant discharge and chopping is mixed with peat.
Described peat is " non-sphagnum moss " peat preferably.Non-sphagnum peat comprises that any is not the peat material of taking from sphagnum bog.These peat material comprise the peat that is formed by sedge or trees, and another kind of suitable peat is the coconut peat of taking from coconut fiber.Typical coconut peat comprises the coconut palm palm fibre (the fibrous part of coconut shell) of chopping.Coconut fiber can pass through part compost treatment (partially composted) and also can its raw state use.The peat of other type for example indonesian peat and Malaysian peat also can be used in the method for the present invention.Also can use any two kinds or the two or more peat and/or the composition of coconut fiber.
Described mixing process can be carried out in any mixing tank easily.Suitable mixing tank comprises the drum mixer that is used for mixed cement.Can use other mixing tank, for example from the front-end loader of scoop upset material mixing equipment to complexity with basic mixing device.
The fibrous material of described exsiccant discharge and chopping can mix existing under the situation of wetting agent with peat.We find that the use of wetting agent is beneficial especially in the production of soil medium, because wetting agent allows the extraction of blended soil medium and keeps a certain amount of water.For example, the blended soil medium may comprise: 1 ton of dried effluent, the fibrous material of chopping and mixture of peat; 1 liter of wetting agent and 10 premium on currency.Described wetting agent for example is by Safeclean, by J T Distributors of Carole Park, the wetting agent that Queensland, Australia provide.
According to the type of the soil medium of using method of the present invention to produce, can adjust the ratio of each component.The ratio of peat and dried effluent is applicable to all types product of soil medium usually.Peat: the volume ratio of dried effluent is usually between 50: 50 to 75: 25, preferably between 60: 40 to 70: 30.In the production of high-quality growth medium the consumption of shredded fibre at 10 volume % between the 20 volume %, preferably at 15 volume % between the 20 volume %.The consumption of shredded fibre can be up to about 80 volume % in the production of coverture medium.Be to be understood that between growth medium and overwrite media and can produce various media at different application.
Optionally additive can mix mutually with fiber, exsiccant discharge and the peat of chopping.These additives comprise wetting agent, mycocide, nematocides, sterilant and fabric and pH control agent.These additives are known to those skilled in the art.Though the preferred quantity of fiber, exsiccant discharge and the peat of chopping of utilizing is come balanced nutrients, if desired, can add nutrition agent in described composition.
Described medium is used as plant growth medium for example potting mixture or top mulch, can adjust porosity and/or moisture content retentivity by adding filler.The consumption of filler can change according to the required character of mixture.This can be decided by the type of wanting growing plants.Suitably, approximately add the filler of 30 to 80 weight %.The potting mixture typically comprises the filler of about 60-70 weight % and the top mulch can comprise the filler of lower level.
Preferred filler is an inert substance.
For the present invention can be fully understood and put into practice, will its preferred embodiment be described with reference to following indefiniteness embodiment.
Embodiment
We mix and have compared 3 kinds of different growth mediums, and one of them has used palm waste, come planting vegetable and compare growth velocity with these growth mediums.These 3 kinds of media are respectively:
1.Supersoil
TM(from the growth medium of following date palm waste mixture);
2. the clay of handling;
3. from the waste material of prawn farm ponds.
Supersoil
TMMixture comprises 550 kilograms peat, 350 kilograms oil palm mill mud and 100 kilograms of fibers from the nipa palm leaf of chopping of surplus.Mix described mixture lentamente in industrial concrete mixer, and add the 1 liter of spissated wetting agent that is included in 10 premium on currency in mixing process, doing like this is to keep in order to reach better moisture content.Finished product is placed in the large container adjacent with other growth medium and carries out controlled growth test.
Use Supersoil
TMMixture has obtained the growth velocity with respect to other medium twice.We observe the more healthy plant that we have also obtained not have insect pest and disease.We have used the water of equivalent on the sample of all growth mediums in test, because mixture of the present invention has better moisture content conservation rate and therefore has better growth velocity.
Those skilled in the art are to be understood that and the present invention relates to all palm kind waste materials and can carry out various improvement and change and can not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. method that is used to handle palm waste, it may further comprise the steps:
A) chopping palm fibrous waste material;
The palm fibrous waste material that b) will shred mixes mutually with exsiccant palm plant mill effluent and peat from oil palm source mill or nipa palm source mill.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described palm fibrous waste material is an oil palm waste, the shell that this oil palm waste is selected from oil palm leaf, empty oil palm bundle, oil palm trunk, oil palm fiber and peels from the oil palm bundle.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described palm fibrous waste material is a date palm waste, the shell that this date palm waste is selected from nipa palm leaf, empty nipa palm bundle, nipa palm trunk, nipa palm fiber and peels from the nipa palm bundle.
4. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described palm fibrous waste material is the cocoanut tree waste material, this cocoanut tree waste material is selected from cocoanut tree leaf, cocoanut tree trunk, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L).
5. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, wherein said palm fibrous waste material comprises that mean sizes is at the leaf of Fortune Windmillpalm of 2mm to the chopping between the 10mm.
6. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, wherein said palm fibrous waste material comprises that mean sizes is in the palm trunk of 10mm to the chopping between the 50mm.
7. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, wherein said palm fibrous waste material comprises that mean sizes is in the empty fruit bunches of 2mm to the chopping between the 10mm.
8. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, wherein said exsiccant palm plant mill effluent is selected from oil palm mill effluent and nipa palm mill effluent.
9. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, wherein said peat is " non-sphagnum peat ".
10. according to the method for claim 9, wherein said peat is selected from peat, coconut peat, indonesian peat and the Malaysian peat that is formed by sedge or trees.
11., wherein in drum mixer, mix palm fibrous waste material, described exsiccant plant mill effluent and the peat of described chopping according to each method of claim 1 to 4.
12., wherein exist under the situation of wetting agent fibrous material to mix with peat with described exsiccant discharge and described chopping according to the method for the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 4.
13. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, the palm fibrous material of wherein said chopping accounts for 10 volume % to 20 volume % in mixture.
14. according to the method for claim 13, the palm fibrous material of wherein said chopping accounts for 15 volume % to 20 volume % in mixture.
15. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, wherein peat: the volume ratio of exsiccant discharge is between 50: 50 to 75: 25.
16. according to each method of claim 1 to 4, wherein peat: the volume ratio of exsiccant discharge is between 60: 40 to 70: 30.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002952352A AU2002952352A0 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2002-10-30 | Process for the treatment of oil palm waste |
| AU2002952352 | 2002-10-30 | ||
| AU2003902114 | 2003-05-02 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100921434A Division CN101298394A (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-10-30 | Process for the treatment of palm waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1708464A CN1708464A (en) | 2005-12-14 |
| CN100391906C true CN100391906C (en) | 2008-06-04 |
Family
ID=28795745
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003801025769A Expired - Fee Related CN100391906C (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-10-30 | Process for the treatment of palm waste |
| CNA2008100921434A Pending CN101298394A (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-10-30 | Process for the treatment of palm waste |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100921434A Pending CN101298394A (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-10-30 | Process for the treatment of palm waste |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN100391906C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002952352A0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110139909A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-08-16 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Form the leakage control slurry of the fast dewatering of acid-soluble plug |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011160278A1 (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-29 | 福建省大德投资发展有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer from empty fruit bunch of oil palm |
| KR101265740B1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-05-20 | 배희동 | Development of integrated process technology for renewable energy and feed resources production with palm oil mill effluent, palm oil decanter cake, palm kernel shell and palm kernel cake from palm oil mill process |
| CN103553744A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | Canned mixture for plant growth |
| CN103553743A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | Top-dressing matter for culture medium |
| CN103553729A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | Soil additive |
| CN103922847B (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Containing the culture material and preparation method thereof of the Pleurotus eryngii of rubber tree wood chip |
| JP6699040B1 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-05-27 | 株式会社パームホルツ | Method and apparatus for separating palm tree trunks |
| CN110408553A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-05 | 苏州吉态来胺生物科技有限公司 | A method of single cell protein is produced by raw material of palm waste |
| CN116138132A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-05-23 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Flower matrix based on waste such as coconut leaves and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000014030A1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-16 | Marlin Technologies Pty Ltd | A plant and mushroom growth medium |
| CN1291073A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2001-04-11 | Oms投资有限公司 | Compressed mixture of coconut coir pith and peat moss and procesx for preparation thereof |
| JP2001247867A (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-14 | Eiko Kensetsu Kk | Soil conditioning material comprising coconut fiber and garbage |
-
2002
- 2002-10-30 AU AU2002952352A patent/AU2002952352A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-10-30 CN CNB2003801025769A patent/CN100391906C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-30 CN CNA2008100921434A patent/CN101298394A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1291073A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2001-04-11 | Oms投资有限公司 | Compressed mixture of coconut coir pith and peat moss and procesx for preparation thereof |
| WO2000014030A1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-16 | Marlin Technologies Pty Ltd | A plant and mushroom growth medium |
| JP2001247867A (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-14 | Eiko Kensetsu Kk | Soil conditioning material comprising coconut fiber and garbage |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110139909A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-08-16 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | Form the leakage control slurry of the fast dewatering of acid-soluble plug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2002952352A0 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
| CN1708464A (en) | 2005-12-14 |
| CN101298394A (en) | 2008-11-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20050083878A (en) | Process for the treatment of palm waste | |
| US8024890B2 (en) | Compressed coconut coir pith granules and methods for the production and use thereof | |
| CN100391906C (en) | Process for the treatment of palm waste | |
| WO2014025275A2 (en) | Fertilizer with controlled components release, fertilizer with controlled components release production method and method of fertilizer application | |
| Quintero et al. | Variation of hydro-physical properties of burnt rice husk used for carnation crops: Improvement of fertigation criteria | |
| Kumar | Sphagnum moss as a growing media constituent: some effects of harvesting, processing and storage. | |
| Gruda et al. | Developments in alternative organic materials for growing media in soilless culture systems | |
| WO2019103649A1 (en) | Enriched ecological black earth, enriched concentrated soil solution, method and device for producing same | |
| AU2010202667A1 (en) | Soil enhancement materials | |
| WO2021006751A1 (en) | A method for utilization and/or reclamation of degraded, desert and semi-arid areas as well as a multi-component composition for use in the method and a process for obtaining the composition using wastes | |
| CN102919519A (en) | Process for comprehensively recycling urban tree branches and leaves | |
| Farag et al. | Utilization of rice straw and vermicompost in vegetable production via soilless culture | |
| JP2000264764A (en) | Production of compost consisting of waste mud | |
| KR20190076210A (en) | Modification method of reclaimed land using Kenaf | |
| KR20050008408A (en) | Preparation method of organic granular composite using peat, yellow soil, domestic animal excretions, oyster waste shell and herb medicine waste | |
| Abo-Zied et al. | Utilization of some organic polymers and humic acids for improving a sandy soil productivity of peanut and their residual effects on the next crop of faba bean | |
| Bąbelewski et al. | Dynamics of C, N and C/N ratio in substrates based on miscanthus straw in container production of Spiraea japonica'Macrophylla' | |
| Shree et al. | Effect of potting media containing industrial by-products on growth and fowering of chrysanthemum cv. Basanti | |
| JPH0755097B2 (en) | Plant implant material using bark and method for producing the same | |
| KR880001490B1 (en) | Producing method of pot for horiticulture | |
| KR100358720B1 (en) | nursery soil for rice seedling | |
| CA1084290A (en) | Mulch material produced from vegetable fibers | |
| JP4529224B2 (en) | Fermentation promoter and intermediate fermented product of organic waste, fertilizer and soil improver using the same | |
| FR2793487A1 (en) | Culture compost-type support useful for processing waste comprises vegetal residues comprising fermented lignin and polysaccharides, partially fermented wood fibers colored brown by humic fractions and earth | |
| JP2004254570A (en) | Vegetation method and plant raising base material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20080604 Termination date: 20091130 |