WO2021040558A1

WO2021040558A1 - Method of biological products preparation

Info

Publication number: WO2021040558A1
Application number: PCT/RU2019/000608
Authority: WO
Inventors: Evgeny Gennadievich DUBROVIN; Denis Pavlovich BOIKIKH
Original assignee: Dubrovin Evgeny Gennadievich; Boikikh Denis Pavlovich
Priority date: 2019-08-30
Filing date: 2019-08-30
Publication date: 2021-03-04

Abstract

The method of obtaining the biological products includes the formation of a composting mixture in colls containing chopped straw, farm animals excrements, organic filler (chopped herbs) and caustobioliths mixture, colonized by compost worm Eisenia foetida. The worms are separated from the obtained vermicompost, poured by the water and kept to extract microflora. The obtained colloidal solution is shaken and drained into a separate container. The vermicompost is subjected to cavitation dispersion with fill in water, mixed to obtain an opaque dark brown liquid mixture. After one day the colloidal solution is added and is settled. A aqueous extract is separated from a sediment, is settled and is poured. The sediment is diluted by water, drained into a centrifuge and packed. The invention provides obtaining valuable highly effective biological products with the lowest cost of processing manure, increasing of yield of finished valuable products maximally enriched by microflora of the worms.

Description

METHOD OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS PREPARATION

Field of the invention

An invention relates to agriculture and can be used for the integrated processing of organic waste, including animal waste, to obtain highly effective biological products: structured aqueous extracts /SAE/ and bioorganic concentrate/BC/.

There is a downward trend to agricultural squares minimization due to desertization, salinization of soils and other negative processes. The demand for agricultural products, mainly ecologically clean, is increasing. This leads to the production increase, which in turn leads to the accumulation of organic waste. The storage of organic waste at landfills and waste deposits increases pollution of soils, ground and surface water, atmosphere, disrupts the ecosystems functioning, and damages agriculture. The alternative to the storage is the use of waste as a resource for obtaining the bioproducts. Vermicompost (VC) is a natural organic fertilizer, biological product that contains: vitamins; growth hormones; complex of macro and microelements (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, manganese); nutrients and enzymes. The advantage of this fertilizer is the absence of flies larvae, weed seeds, helminth eggs, pathogenic flora, and heavy metal compounds. The application of VC increases the plants immunity, reduces the seedlings survival time; accelerates the fruiting process; improves the fruits and vegetables taste; reduces exposure to nitrates.

Prior art

A known method of activated biohumus production, characterized by composting of nesting manure and processing of the resulting substrate by vermiculture. At the stage of substrate conversion by vermiculture, the milk whey is added to the substrate at the components ratio, wt.%: nesting manure 70-80, chopped straw 19-29.5, milk whey 0.5-1 ((RU 2306303). The main disadvantage of this method is the presence of vitamin B12 in milk whey; vitamin B 12 action unnecessarily accelerates the compost worms metabolism and can lead to worm death or to the death of the worm offspring.

A known method of producing biohumus (vermicompost) characterized by the manure worm application into a compost-containing substrate, which is obtained by mixing the cattle manure with defecate at a ratio 3: 1 by volume, followed by the inclusion of the resulting mixture in garden soil in equal proportions with the addition of organic filler in the amount of 15% from the substrate volume, and using of the leaf decay as an organic filler (RU 2393137). There are the following disadvantages: the increased acidity of the prepared biohumus, which can be only effectively applied on highly alkaline soils; impossibility of natural mixing of cattle manure and defecate, and, accordingly, the need to attract additional costs for artificial mixing, as well as the possible presence of heavy metals in leaf decay, that destroy the digestive system of compost worms. A known method of vermicompost production, includes the husk of buckwheat seeds substrate humidification, colonization by worms and compost making. During the substrate preparation, the components of the organic raw materials are moistened and mixed until the homogeneous condition; then the prepared substrate is placed into the container and kept for 15-20 days. The matured substrate is colonized by worms and moistened up to 70%; composting is carried out for 4-4.5 months. The pig manure is additionally enriched by the husk of buckwheat seeds substrate at a ratio 1:1 (RU 2363689).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of processing using black soil forming organisms. A known method of the integrated organic waste processing with obtaining of the following biological products: a universal bacterial preparation with a symbiotic effect, expressed in the enhancing of the plants root system mixotrophy; increasing of the microbial soil diversity, as well as for root and foliar bacterial nutrition obtained from vermicompost; in manufacturing process are used the earthworms of the Lumbricus terrestris species; they are fed using chopped artichoke (topinambour) with the addition of corrugated cardboard and carbonaceous plant residues in cultivators that mimic the natural environmental conditions.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of conversion using the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris species; they are fed using chopped artichoke (topinambour), insignificant extraction of earthworm microflora into biological products.

A known method of biohumus production, characterized by application of earthworm compost worm Eisenia foetida to a compost-containing substrate; the substrate is obtained by mixing rotted chicken manure with cattle manure at ratio of 1 : (1.8-2.2) w/w with the addition of organic filler in the amount of 30-40% from the volume of the substrate. The nesting strawor cut cardboard is used as an organic filler (RU 2550037, prototype).

The disadvantage of this known method is the incomplete extraction of the humates, excrement enzymes (manure) and other biologically active components to the biological products of microphlora of composting worm Eisenia foetida.

Summary of the Inventions

The creation of an effective method for obtaining of biological products and the expansion of the arsenal of methods for obtaining of biological products: structured aqueous extract /SAE/ and bioorganic concentrate /BC/ is the technical problem solved by the present invention.

The technical result for this task solution is to maintain the almost complete extraction of the compost worm Eisenia foetida microphlora, humates and manure enzymes into biological products to improve the fertility of agricultural land, reduce the time of complex raw materials processing by optimizing the living conditions of the compost worm Eisenia foetida, as well as the optimal sequence of actions for the extraction of biological products with the help of the most affordable, effectively interacting and easily miscible organic waste.

The essence of the invention is that the method of obtaining the biological products includes the formation of a composting mixture containing straw, cattle manure and organic filler, colonized by compost worm Eisenia foetida; the composting is carried out in collars formed from a composting mixture with the following composition:

- chopped straw - 30 ± 5% of the volume;

- farm animals excrements - 50 ± 5% of the volume; - organic filler in the form of chopped herbs - 10 ± 5% of the volume,

- caustobioliths mixture - 10 ± 5% of the volume, followed by the colonization of collars by the compost worm Eisenia foetida; it is subsequently separated from the obtained vermicompost, poured by the water and kept to extract microflora using water extraction; after that the colloidal solution of the worm intestine content resulting from water extraction is shaken and drained through a fine sieve into a separate container, and the vermicompost freed from the worm is subjected to cavitation dispersion in a sealed container and filled in with water at the amount of 500 liters per 100 liters of vermicompost, then mixed within 15-20 minutes to obtain an opaque dark brown liquid mixture; after one day a colloidal solution of the worm intestine content is added; the resulting composition is settled for 2 days, after that a liquid structured aqueous extract is separated from dense sediment, which is settled within 3 weeks and is poured into a container, and the above mentioned dense sediment is diluted by water to a sour cream-like state and drained into a centrifuge for separation and evaporation to values of moisture 30-40%; moreover, the evaporated and chopped bioorganic concentrate obtained as a result of separation is packed in a container as an organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the collars are placed on vertical removable racks, and the composting mixture in the collars is moistened by chlorine-free water.

Preferably, the worm separation from vermicompost is performed into smaller size collar-baits for more convenient obtaining of the worm biomass.

Preferably, the separated worm is poured by water and kept for 4 hours.

Preferably, the organic filler includes the herbs compost chopped to a 3-5 mm fraction.

Preferably, the composting mixture includes straw, chopped to 3-5 mm particles.

Preferably, the composting mixture as the farm animals excrements includes rotted cattle manure. Preferably, after shaking, the organic residues floated to the surface of the colloidal solution are removed.

Preferably, the colloidal solution is drained through a fine sieve into a separate container with a conical bottom. Detailed Description of the Invention

The method of obtaining biological products: structured aqueous extract /SAE/ and bioorganic concentrate /BC/, as follows.

At the composting stage, the vermicompost is obtained in arbitrary size collars. Usually a width is 1.5 meters and a height about 1 meter. Collars are placed on vertical removable racks.

A mixture of the following composition is used to form collars with the subsequent colonization of the compost worm Eisenia foetida:

- straw chopped to 3-5 mm with the most minimal residual indicators of plant protection products - 30 ± 5% of the volume; - excrements of farm animals, for example, rotted cattle manure (cattle) or similar, ready for the soil application - 50 ± 5% of the volume;

- grass compost (for example, from meadow alpine grasses mowed during flowering), chopped to a fraction of 3-5 mm and placed for composting in an open area under a black plastic film - 10 ± 5% of the volume; - caustobiolith mixture - 10 ± 5% of the volume.

The caustobiolith mixture is a chopped raw material for vermicompost, which is a fossil of organic origin - the products of the plant residues, less often animal organisms conversion under the influence of geological factors, such as peat, sapropel, brown coal, leonardite, etc. The composting mixture is moistened in the collars by the chlorine-free water.

The collars are placed on vertical removable racks; it provides an opportunity to save a space, as well as to use a gravity for processes associated with spraying of the collars by the fog - a system of water spraying with small particles under high pressure and with further flooding. In this case, the composting mixture is moistened in the collars by chlorine-free water. The collected excess of water is accumulated and spilled again. Formation of vermicompost occurs at a constant temperature of 15-20°C, constant humidity and oxygen control. Excavation of vermicompost from the collars is carried out after 3-5 months from the beginning of composting process.

After the vermicompost (VC) is completely ready, i.e. completely processed by the worm, follows the worm Eisenia foetida separation using one of the most common methods, for example, into smaller size collar-baits for more convenient obtaining of the worm biomass or using bright electric light. The worm separated from the vermicompost (VC) in a special container is poured by water for 4 hours; during that time the intestine of the living worm is completely released from its content. During that time, only water enters to the worm intestine; it transfers microflora and other biologically active substances into the resulting solution. After 4 hours, after a minute shaking and removal of organic residues, in particular the straw floated to the surface, the resulting colloidal solution of the intestinal contents of the worm is drained through a fine sieve, the colloidal solution is drained through a fine sieve into a separate container with a conical bottom, designed to draw the microphlora using the water extraction.

The worm Eisenia foetida does not lose its properties; it is suitable for reuse and subsequent use, and can be transferred to the previously prepared new collars.

Vermicompost, having a moisture content from 70% to 80%, freed from the worm, is subjected to cavitation dispersion in a sealed container and is poured by the water in the amount of 500 liters of water per 100 liters of vermicompost, then mixed using a high-performance fecal pump for 15-20 minutes to obtain an opaque dark brown liquid mixture; in this mixture, after one day, is added the aforementioned previously obtained colloidal solution of the worm intestine content.

The resulting composition is settled within 2 days; after that a liquid structured aqueous extract (SAE) is separated from the dense sediment, settled during 3 weeks and is poured into a container. The above-mentioned dense sediment is diluted with water to a sour cream like state and discharged into a centrifuge for separation and evaporation to 30-40% humidity; the result of the separation is evaporated and chopped bioorganic concentrate (BC), which is packaged in containers as organic fertilizer. The liquid structured aqueous extract (SAE) obtained by this method can be stored for a long time in a closed, opaque container without losing its properties, or in a different container, protected from daylight, at a temperature from +5°C to +40°C.

SAE contains rich microflora of vermicompost, humates, cattle intestinal enzymes, microelements; it provides a wide range of VC applications for the reclamation of soils contaminated by an oil and oil products, cleaning of open reservoirs from organic pollutants, deodorizing and detoxifying of household organic waste, urban sewage, efficient processing of organic plant waste and livestock farming to the high-quality fertilizers or high-fertile soils degree. Preferably, 4 hours before the specific use of biological products, it is recommended to mix the two products obtained by the present method (SAE and BC) and aerate the mixture with pure oxygen for rapid growth of microflora and germination of spores into vegetative cells.

The properties of the biologic products obtained by the above mentioned method (SAE and BC) provide a wide range of the application to improve the fertility of agricultural soils and increase the plant immunity.

Invention makes it possible to obtain valuable highly effective biological products (SAE and BC) with the lowest cost of manure and excrements processing and with an increase in the yield of finished valuable products that are maximally enriched by microflora of the composting worm Eisenia foetida.

Industrial application

The present invention is implemented with multipurpose equipment extensively employed by the industry.

Claims

1. The method of obtaining the biological products includes the formation of a composting mixture containing straw, cattle manure and organic filler, colonized by compost worm Eisenia foetida; the composting is carried out in collars formed from a composting mixture with the following composition:

- chopped straw - 30 ± 5% of the volume;

- farm animals excrements - 50 ± 5% of the volume;

- organic filler in the form of chopped herbs - 10 ± 5% of the volume, - caustobioliths mixture - 10 ± 5% of the volume, followed by the colonization of collars by the compost worm Eisenia foetida; it is subsequently separated from the obtained vermicompost, poured by the water and kept to extract microflora using water extraction; after that the colloidal solution of the worm intestine content resulting from water extraction is shaken and drained through a fine sieve into a separate container, and the vermicompost freed from the worm is subjected to cavitation dispersion in a sealed container and filled in with water at the amount of 500 liters per 100 liters of vermicompost, then mixed within 15-20 minutes to obtain an opaque dark brown liquid mixture; after one day a colloidal solution of the worm intestine content is added; the resulting composition is settled for 2 days, after that a liquid structured aqueous extract is separated from dense sediment, which is settled within 3 weeks and is poured into a container, and the above mentioned dense sediment is diluted by water to a sour cream-like state and drained into a centrifuge for separation and evaporation to values of moisture 30-40%; moreover, the evaporated and chopped bioorganic concentrate obtained as a result of separation is packed in a container as an organic fertilizer.

2. The method according to Claim 1, is characterized by the following: the collars are placed on vertical removable racks, and the mixture for composting in the collars is moistened with chlorine-free water.

3. The method according to Claim 1, is characterized by the following: the worm is separated from the vermicompost into smaller size collar-baits for more convenient production of the worm biomass.

4. The method according to Claim 3, is characterized by the following: the separated worm is poured with water and kept for 4 hours.

5. The method according to Claim 1, is characterized by the following: the organic filler contains herbs compost, chopped to a 3-5 mm fraction.

6. The method according to Claim 1, is characterized by the following: the composting mixture contains straw, chopped to 3-5 mm size particles.

7. The method according to Claim 1, is characterized by the following: the composting mixture as farm animals excrements contains rotted cattle manure.

8. The method according to Claim 1, is characterized by the following: after shaking, the organic residues floated to the surface of the colloidal solution are removed.

9. The method according to Claim 1, is characterized by the following: colloidal solution is poured through a fine sieve into a separate container with a conical bottom.