FR2824578A1 - Process for provisionally anchoring a working structure such as a ladder, life-line or other worker fall preventing device flat on the roof of a building, involves anchoring ladder to exposed rafters - Google Patents

Abstract

The process for provisionally anchoring a work structure, such as a life-line (18) on the roof involves, after having partly covered the roof with e.g. tiles, fixing the working safety structure anchor (11) to a piece of roofing woodwork such as a rafter (1), by clamping the anchor to two opposite faces (12) of the rafter. An Independent claim is included for a device for securing a working structure flat on the roof of a building. The anchor includes a body (31) carrying a connection device (13) and a roof fixing device having a clamp assembly. The clamp assembly has an adjustable bit (37) that can be slid along the main body between various positions corresponding to the thickness of the rafter to which the device is attached. Locking bars (43) on the adjustable bit fit in holes (42) on the main body to lock the clamp in position.

Description

- 1

  METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SECURING WORK ON ROOF

  The present invention relates to a method for temporarily anchoring a working structure on a building roof. The present invention also relates to a device for

  securing work on the roof.

  Roofing work poses serious safety problems given the risk of operators falling. These risks are particularly present due to the slope of the roof, the height at which it is above the ground, and the difficulty of reliably anchoring work structures such as ladders. or other scaffolding elements, or anti

fall.

  As a scaffolding element, roofing ladders are known in particular, specially designed to lay flat against the roof, therefore in a plane parallel and adjacent to the roof. It may happen that these ladders fall off, or even pivot in the plane of the roof around a point of attachment. As a fall prevention device, fall arrest barriers are known which must be installed along the lower edge of the roofing panel where work is carried out. We still know the "lifelines". These are standard slender elements intended to be fixed by their two ends to the roof. A cord is connected at one end to a harness worn by the operator and has at its other end a special _illet sliding along the lifeline when the operator moves on the roof during his activities. In the event of the operator falling, an appropriate device causes the eyelet to be blocked on the lifeline

to stop the fall.

  Various fastening systems have been proposed for associating work or safety structures with a roof during the duration of a site. Certain proposals even include permanent elements which must be provided on the roof for -2 in case it requires any work. All the devices currently known on the market present serious drawbacks of complexity, cost, difficulties of installation, specific adaptation of certain types of roofing, limitation with regard to the precise site of installation on a roofing, and most even require alterations such as drilling in the chapel In rAsum @, known devices are so restrictive that the work teams on the roof prefer to take the risk of a fall [the object of the invention is thus to propose a process and a device allowing a particular installation! Simplifies with a large liber + @ of choice of installation site According to a first aspect of the invention, the procAd to temporarily anchor a work structure on the roof, in particular an Achelle, a lifeline, a Achataudage, and caractAris en what after having the case Achant removed at least one roofing AlAment from the roof, an anchor is fixed on a structural part, in particular a rafter, by sercage on two opposite sides of the structural part chevron is a part of a chapente extending generally in parallel with the line of greatest slope of a roof section The rafters therefore extend over the entire height of the roof and are spaced from each other by a few tens of cm I1 there is therefore a rafter close to any point on the surface of a roof If the covering is not yet in place, the rafters are directly accessible If, on the contrary, the work is carried out while the cover is already in place, access to the rafter with a few roof coverings, typically a few tiles or 33 slates -3 It is also possible, thanks to the invention, to fix a working or safety structure between two or more

any points on the roof.

  According to a second aspect of the invention, the device for securing work on the roof, comprising at least one temporary anchoring in turn comprising a body, connection means carried by the body, and means for fixing to the roof, is characterized in that the means for fixing to the roof are, at least in part, clamping means on two opposite lateral faces of a structural part, in

especially a chevron.

  Other features and advantages of the invention

  will emerge further from the description below, relating to

nonlimiting examples.

  In the accompanying drawings: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a device according to the invention, comprising a ladder and a lifeline anchored on a roof which is only shown schematically by a rafter and part of the length of the battens supported by this rafter; - Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, comprising a lifeline anchored by each of its ends to a respective chevron and extending over a substantially horizontal line; - Figure 3 is a perspective view of an anchoring of the device according to the invention; - Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the anchor of Figure 3 - Figure 5 is an end view, with partial section and cutaway, of the anchor of Figure 3; - Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the ladder, one of the elementary scales not being shown i - Figure 7 is a top view of the ladder of Figure 6; FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a hinge element of the scale of FIGS. 6 and 7; FIG. 9 is a plan view of the hinge element of FIG. 8; and - Figures 10 to 12 are schematic views showing three cases of installation of an articulated ladder forming part of a device according to

the invention.

  In the example shown in Figure 1, the frame comprises a chevron (1), for example of wood, extending along a line of greatest slope of the roof. The rafter (1) supports parallel and horizontal battens (2). Conventionally, each batten (2) is intended to support a row of roofing elements, such as tiles, slates, or etc.,

  which are not shown to avoid loading the drawing.

  The device according to the invention comprises a ladder (3) extending along the rafter (1), above the latter and the battens (2). If the cover elements are already in place,

  the scale (3) even extends over the cover elements.

  The ladder (3) comprises two elementary ladders (4) each comprising two uprights (6) between which extend the bars (7). The two elementary scales (4) are assembled end to end in an articulated manner by means of hinges (8) joining the aligned uprights of the two elementary scales (4). The hinges (8) have a common pivot axis parallel to the bars (7) of the ladder (3). On their side intended to bear on the roof, the uprights 6 carry pads (9) intended to protect the roof while increasing the coefficient of friction between the ladder (3) and the underlying roof. In the vicinity of each of its longitudinal ends, the ladder (3) is fixed to the rafter (1) by an anchor (11) which encloses the rafter (1) on its two opposite lateral faces (12). For connection with the ladder (3), each anchor (11) has a connection tab (13) projecting towards the outside of the roof perpendicular to the plane of the roof. The connection means further comprise a clamping element (14) constituted by a bar arranged parallel to the bars (7) of the ladder and supported by each of its ends (16) on one of the uprights (6) , on the side opposite the roof. In the middle, the clamping bar (14) is crossed by a longitudinal slot through which the tab (13) passes. Beyond the clamping bar (14), the tab (13) has a hole capable of receiving a locking pin (17). The pin (17) prevents the clamping bar (14) from moving away from the roof beyond a determined distance and thus keeps the ladder (3) flat.

  by its skids (9) against the roof covering.

  The device according to the invention also comprises a lifeline (18) fixed by each of its ends to the lug (13) of one of the anchors (11), and which thus extends along the

chevron (1) and ladder (3).

  Finally, the device shown in FIG. 1 comprises a flexible plate (19), for example made of rubber, intended to ensure temporary closure of the roof. The plate (19) extends in a plane with respect to which the clamping means cooperating with the rafter (1) extend on one side of said plane and the connection tab (13) projects from the other side

  ie towards the outside of the roof.

  The tab (13) passes through the temporary closure plate.

  The function of the closure plate (19) is to temporarily close the opening in the cover to fix the anchor (11) on the rafter (1). The plate (19) can be secured to the ladder or even be a separate piece that is put in place on the roof before installing the ladder,

  but after fixing the anchors to the rafter (1).

  In the example shown in Figure 2, the device comprises a lifeline (118) disposed horizontally between two anchors (11) which may be identical to those of Figure 1 but which are placed substantially at the same height on two rafters different. Also illustrated in Figure 2 the cover elements (21) on a part of the roofing panel, as well as the orifices (22) which have been made -6 in the cover to access the rafters so as to

fix the anchors (11).

  In FIG. 3, which mainly represents an anchoring (11), the chevron (1), the temporary closing plate (19) and a bar (107) of the ladder have nevertheless been shown in fine lines. In this example, in fact, the lug (13) of the anchor (11), instead of cooperating with a clamping bar such as (14) in FIG. 1, cooperates with a specific bar (107) having in its middle an elongated slot (23) through which the tab (13) passes. This figure also shows the locking pin (17) passing through a first perging (24) of the tab (13). The pin (17) has, at its end not visible in FIG. 3, a flange with a diameter greater than the bore (24), and the pin (17) is locked in the hole (24) by a removable elastic retaining member (26) . In the example shown, the tab (13) has a second bore (27) equipped with a second pin (28) whose enlarged head is this time shown on the visible side of the tab (13). An end millet (29) of the lifeline (18) surrounds the pin (28) being trapped between the enlarged head of the pin (28) and the adjacent face of the tab (13). At its other end, the pin (28) can be equipped with an elastic retaining member similar to that (26) described.

for the pin (17).

  The anchor (11), see simultaneously Figures 3, 4 and 5, comprises an L-shaped body (31) formed by a sole (32)

  and a side wing (33) connected by a 90 ° elbow (34).

  On its face turned towards the outside of the elbow (34), the sole (32) rigidly carries the tab (13) in a plane perpendicular to the line of the elbow (34), and in a position

close to the elbow (34).

  The anchor (11) further comprises means (36) for tightening the rafter (1), which are essentially arranged on the concave side of the angle formed by the sole (32) and the lateral wing (33), therefore on the side opposite the tab (13) relative to

to the sole (32).

  The clamping means (36) includes a preset jaw (37) and a final clamping jaw (38). Each jaw (37, 38) has a toothed clamping face (35) (Figure 4) rotates towards the other jaws (38, 37). The presetting jaw (37) comprises a sliding and locking head (39) through which an opening (41) in which the soleplate (32) can slide. The sole (32) comprises two longitudinal rows of holes (42) which are further aligned two by two transversely, that is to say parallel to the length of a rafter (1). The sliding and locking head comprises a lock (43) for each of the longitudinal rows

holes (42).

  Each latch (43) comprises a cylindrical latch (44) slidably mounted in the head (39) in a direction parallel to the axis of the holes (42) between an unlocked position in which the latch (44) is dogged with the holes (42 ) (left latch in FIGS. 3 and 5) and a locked position in which the latch (44) is engaged in a hole (42) and immobilizes the presetting jaw (37) in one of its predetermined positions relative to the sole (32), each defined by one of the transverse rows of

two holes (42).

  Each latch (44) is biased towards the locking position by a compression spring (46) mounted between the underside of an upper plate (47) of the head (39), and a rectangular fin (48) fixed on the latch (44) in a shouldered housing (49) formed in the head (39) under the

upper plate (47).

  At its upper end, each catch (44) protrudes from the upper plate (47) through an appropriate orifice (51) of the latter, and carries beyond the plate (47) an appropriate gripping member (52) allowing to rotate

  the latch (44) around its axis.

  In the unlocked position (left latch in Figures 3 and 5), the fin (48) is oriented so as to bear on two opposite shoulders (53) of the housing (49). From this position, if the latch (44) is rotated by a quarter of a turn - 8 using the gripping means (52), the fin (48) is allowed to engage in the narrow part of the housing (49) to reach the locking position under the action of the compression spring (46) (left latch, at

S Figures 3 and 5).

  In practice, one or the other of the predetermined positions is chosen for the presetting of the jaw (37) along the sole (32) according to the thickness of the rafter (1) measured.

  perpendicular to its two opposite faces (12).

  As shown more particularly in Figure 4, the clamping jaw (38) carries on its face opposite to the presetting jaw (37) a screw (54) which is free to rotate relative to the jaw (38) but which traps the jaw (38) between a

  added end dye (56) and a shoulder (57).

  From the shoulder (57), the screw extends in the opposite direction to the preset jaw (37) and is in thread connection with a corresponding threaded hole (58)

  provided through the lateral wing (33) of the body (31).

  At its end opposite the jaws, the screw (54) has a gripping means (59) for a clamping tool, for example a

hexagon for a wrench.

  In use, once the preset jaw (37) is properly positioned, the anchor (11) is placed on the rafter (1) so that the rafter (1) is between the jaws (37 and 38), then performs final tightening by rotation of the screw (54), forming biasing means, in the tightening direction. Figures 6 to 9 show that the hinges (8) are

  each consisting of two hinge elements (61,62).

  Each element (61,62) comprises a lug (63) for removable fixing against an upright (6) of elementary scale (4). The tab (63) is connected in one piece and in a common plane with a disc (64,66) centered on the pivot axis (67). The discs (64,66) have a central hole for mounting a spindle ensuring the pivoting with respect to each other of the two discs (64,66) mounted one against the other. One of the discs (64) has a row of semi-circular perforations (68), centered on the axis (67). The other disc (66) has a single hole (69) (shown superimposed on one of the perforations (68) in Figure 9). Thus, the hinge element (62) is adjustable over 180 relative to the hinge element (61) around the pivot axis (67). Preferably, one chooses between the two hinge elements one of the thirteen predetermined positions in which the orifice (69) of the disc (66) is superimposed on one of the orifices (68) of the disc (64). We can thus lock the selected angular position

  by means of a pin passing through the superimposed orifices.

  One of the discs, namely the disc (66) in the example, carries on its face facing the other disc, a lug (71) which circulates in a peripheral notch (72) of the other disc (64 ) to limit the relative rotation between the two to 180

hinge elements.

  The lug (63) of each hinge element (61,62) is eccentric with respect to the pivot axis (67) so that the discs (64,66) protrude laterally from the lug (63). The hinge device which has just been described makes it possible to give any angular position to the individual scales relative to one another by mounting in one direction or the other the hinge elements on the

  uprights (6) of individual scales.

  The various possible installations are illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 12, along a change in concave slope (FIG. 10), at the top of the roof (FIG. 11), or even in change of convex slope (FIG. 12). In each case, the hinge is placed in coincidence with the change point

slope.

  Since the clamping means (36) cannot rotate in the plane of the roof when they are clamped on a rafter (1), since the body (31) cannot rotate relative to the clamping jaws, that the tab (13) cannot rotate relative to the body (31), and finally that the mode of association between the tab (13) and the ladder is also incapable of relative rotation parallel to the plane of the roof, l anchor (11) according to the invention provides in detinitive - 10 immobilization of the ladder or other structure against

  rotations in the plane of the roof.

  Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples

described and represented.

  In the examples described, the device according to the invention comprises anchors and a ladder, articulated or not, intended to cooperate with these anchors. However, the invention is already achieved when the device comprises only a single anchoring allowing to fix to the roof in any position thereof a working or safety structure which may in itself belong to the state of the technique.

Claims (14)

REVENDI CAT IONS   1 - Method for temporarily anchoring a structure (3,18,118) of work on the roof, in particular a ladder (3), a lifeline (18, 118), a scaffolding, characterized in that after having if necessary removed of the roof at least one covering element (21), an anchor (11) is fixed to a structural part, in particular a rafter (1), by tightening   on two opposite faces (12) of the frame part (1).   2 - Device for securing work on the roof, comprise at least one temporary anchor (11) in turn comprising a body (31), connection means (13) carried by the body (31) and means for fixing to the roof, characterized in that the means for fixing to the roof are, at least in part, clamping means (36) on two opposite lateral faces (12) of a structural part (1), in especially a chevron.   3 - Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamping means (36) comprise a preset jaw (37), which is adjustable relative to the body between several predetermined positions each corresponding to a respective range of thicknesses of the structural part (1),   measured perpendicular to the two opposite faces (12).   4 - Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises rapid locking and unlocking means to detachably hold the preset jaw in each of its predetermined positions and quickly move it from one predetermined position to another . - Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the presetting jaw (37) is sliding on the   body (31) between its predetermined positions.   6 - Device according to any one of claims 3   5, characterized in that the clamping means (36) further comprise a final clamping jaw (38) associated with means of solicitation.   7 - Device according to any one of claims 2   to 6, characterized in that the connection means -12 comprise a tab (13) projecting in the direction opposite to clamping means (36).   8 - Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the tab (13) is traversed by at least one hole (26,27) for a locking pin (17,28).   9 - Device according to any one of claims 2   6, characterized in that the connection means comprise an element (13) secured to the body (31) and a removable clamping piece (14) designed to cooperate with the element (13) secured to the body to keep it pressed against   the roof a working structure such as a ladder (3).   - Device according to any one of the claims   2 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a ladder (3) arranged to cooperate with the connection means (13,14) of the anchor (11).   11 - Device according to claims 7 or 8,   characterized in that it comprises a ladder (3) of which at least one bar (107) has a slot (23) capable of receiving the tab (13).   12 - Device according to any of the claims   2 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a ladder (3) made up of at least two elementary ladders (4) mounted end to end and whose successive uprights (6) are articulated one to   the other by means of hinges (8).   13 - Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the hinges (8) are lockable to block the mutual pivoting of the elementary scales (4) once installation completed.   14 - Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the hinges (8) comprise means (68,69) defining predetermined angular positions for locking.   - Device according to any one of the claims   2 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a lifeline (18) extending between the above-mentioned anchor (11) and a second anchor,   preferably of the same type or identical. - 13   16 - Device according to any one of the claims   2 to 15, characterized in that the connection means are of a type preventing the connected working structure (3) from pivoting in the plane of the roof relative to the structural member (1).   17 - Device according to any one of claims   2 to 16, characterized in that it comprises a temporary closure plate (19) of the roof in a plane with respect to which the clamping means (36) extend on one side and the connection means (13) protrude from each other