FR2804935A1 - Recovery of pollutants which float on water from a sunken or damaged vessel on the seabed - Google Patents

Abstract

A receiver (2) with a lower orifice (3) is lowered vertically near an opening (4) in the vessel hull (5) to recover the pollutants (1) via the lower orifice of the receiver. When the receiver is full, it is lifted so a closeable upper orifice (9) and/or outlet pipe (6) are accessible from the surface and the receiver can be emptied into a surface installation or vessel. The process is repeated as necessary. The receiver is lowered and raised using means of positioning (12). A valve and pipe connect the inside of the vessel with the outside. The lower orifice has a skirt so it can cover the opening. The receiver and/or the means of evacuation include means of heating (10) the pollutants to make them less viscous and the external wall of the receiver is thermally insulated. The means of positioning comprise means of anchoring using cables to anchor the receiver to the vessel or the seabed and means of tensioning using floats (14). These hold the receiver suspended vertically near the opening in the vessel. The receiver is a cloche or bell, with the large open base forming the lower orifice and the small open top giving access to the upper orifice. Alternatively, the receiver is tubular, with both orifices being closeable. The system includes a pump and the pollutants are hydrocarbons.

Description

 The present invention relates to a process and an installation for the recovery of effluents at sea and more particularly to a method and an installation for the recovery of effluents at sea and, more particularly, to a process for the recovery of effluents at sea. of polluting effluents contained in a sunken and damaged ship resting on the seabed.

When the tankers sank, the ship usually sank after being seriously damaged and after losing part of its cargo. When the depth of water is high, for example <B> 100 </ B> or meters, recovery of the wreck or its bailout is not generally considered, but the hull must be completely emptied and rinsed, in a way <B> to </ B> that the corrosion of the structure over time, creating localized or generalized holes, will lead <B> to </ B> the release of the contents of the ship, thus creating a pollution that can to extend over years, even decades.

Many devices have been studied and used in the past to try to recover this highly polluting cargo, but all are very delicate <B> to </ B> implement and operations take a lot of time and usually generate secondary pollution because the recovery rate is far from satisfactory.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method and an installation for recovering the contents of the bunkers of a ship, for example a tanker, resting on the seabed, in large water depths for example <B> 50 < / B> or <B> 100 </ B> meters and more, for example 200, <B> 500 </ B> or <B> 1000 </ B> meters.

The device consists of a receptacle installed <B> at </ B> the vertical port connecting the interior of the vessels of the vessel with the outside or installed <B> at </ B> the vertical of a breach or crack of the hull, so <B> to </ B> recover the polluting content by the simple fact that the product is generally lighter than seawater, will naturally tend <B> to </ B> go back to the surface.

More specifically, the present invention provides a method for recovering polluting effluents lighter than water and little or immiscible <B> to </ B> water, contained in a vessel of a cast and / or damaged vessel resting at the bottom of the sea characterized in that it comprises the following steps in which <B>: </ B> <B> 1) </ B> one descends a receptacle comprising a lower orifice <B> to </ B> using means of positioning <B> to </ B> proximity and <B> to </ B> the vertical of at least one opening in the hull and / or vessel of the vessel connecting the interior of the tank of the vessel with the outside, so as to recover said pollutant effluents flowing from said opening by raising of those in said lower orifice of said receptacle; and ) when said receptacle is filled with polluting effluents, said receptacle <B> is raised to </ B> using said positioning means until draining means said receptacle comprising a closable upper orifice of said receptacle and / or an evacuation pipe connected to the upper orifice <B> to </ B> the upper part of said receptacle are accessible on the surface, and <B> 3) </ B> emptying said receptacle in an installation or vessel on the surface <B> to </ B> through said surface accessible drain means, and 4) repeating steps <B> 1) to 3) </ B> until the desired amount of effluent is recovered.

Preferably, it installs <B> to </ B> through the hull and / or the wall of the vessel of the vessel an effluent evacuation device comprising a valve and a pipe communicating the interior of said vessel vessel with the outside, and said lower port of the receptacle preferably comprises a peripheral skirt, so that said lower port can cover said opening, preferably further formed by the outer end of said pipe.

The evacuation device may be installed on an existing opening or a specially pre-drilled opening for introducing the evacuation device.

Advantageously, the evacuation device is placed in the upper part of the tank to facilitate the installation of the receptacle above the end of the pipe. However, the use of a pipe makes it possible, if necessary, to install the evacuation device on the side walls of the tank insofar as the said pipe can be disengaged from the lateral wall according to the shape of the pipe. makes him adopt. The peripheral skirt around the lower orifice makes it possible to cap, that is to say to completely cover said end of the pipe by above and on the sides, so that the effluents go well towards the open inner hole and can not escape.

Said receptacle is kept in suspension <B> to </ B> near <B> to </ B> the vertical of the opening where the effluents flow so as <B> to </ B> to get out of the geometry of the ship and not to be dependent on any vessel instability.

Preferably, said receptacle comprises in its lower part around said lower orifice a peripheral skirt comprising a flexible screen, preferably contiguous strips, which ensure the confinement of the zone situated between the vessel and the lower edge of said Container way to avoid the leakage of effluents out of the receptacle during their ascent.

Advantageously, the invention comprises the following characteristics taken separately or in combination: - said receptacle and / or said evacuation device comprise means for heating said effluent pollutants for make them less viscous <B>; </ B> <B> - </ B> said receptacle comprises means of thermal insulation of its outer wall <B>; </ B> <B> - </ B> draining means and / or said evacuation device comprise a pump.

In a particular embodiment, said positioning means comprise <B>: </ B> <B> - </ B> anchoring means comprising cables for anchoring said receptacle on the ship or on the bottom of the sea, and <B> - </ B> tensioning means comprising floats, said positioning means for maintaining said receptacle in suspension <B> at </ B> proximity and <B> at </ B> the vertical portion of said opening preferably comprising said outer end of said pipe. More particularly, said positioning means comprise: anchoring means comprising cables connecting dots; attaching to the lower end of said receptacle and attachment points (existing or installed) on the vessel or on the seabed, and tensioning means including floats connected to the upper ends and / or lower of said receptacle, and winches corresponding to said points of attachment on said receptacle or on the vessel or on the seabed for tensioning the cables to ensure the descent of said receptacle and maintain said receptacle in suspension <B> at </ B> proximity and <B > to </ B> vertical said opening of the ship or release the cables to allow the raising of said receptacle.

preferably, the attachment points and / or the winches are fixed on the ship <B> to </ B> using suction boxes comprising open face at their interface with the ship, boxes in which it was realized the vacuum to secure them on the ship.

All the devices described in the present invention allow the recovery of immiscible or poorly miscible liquids <B> to </ B> seawater and whose density is lower <B> than 1 </ B> in relation to <B > to </ B> said sea water

The technology is particularly applicable to hydrocarbons whose density varies from <B> 0.75 </ B> for lighter ones, to values close to <B> 1 </ B> for heavier ones.

The present invention also relates to a useful installation in a process for recovering pollutant effluents lighter than water and immiscible or poorly miscible <B> to </ B> the water contained in the tanks of a sunken vessel and / or damaged lying at the bottom of the according to the invention characterized in that it comprises <B>: </ B> a) a receptacle as defined in the invention, <B> b) </ B> positioning means of said receptacle, as defined in the invention, c) means for emptying said receptacle as defined in the invention, and <B> d) </ B> where applicable evacuation devices such as defined in the invention.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description, which is given in an illustrative and nonlimiting manner, with reference to the attached drawings in which the figures <B> 1 </ B> and 2 are cross-sections on the side of a wreck on which is installed a funnel-shaped fluid recovery receptacle anchored on the wreckage by cables and held in a substantially vertical position by floats, B> + </ B> Figure <B> 3 </ B> represents a similar system <B> to </ B> that of the figures <B> 1 </ B> and 2, in which the bell, once full, is raised to the surface, <B> + </ B> FIG. 4 is a side view of a device consisting of a container in the form of a long closed tubular cigar <B> at </ B> its end superior, equipped with floats and anchored Itépave by a system of cables and able to contain the fluid, <B> + </ B> the figure <B> 5 </ B> is a section in sightof relative side <B> to </ B> Figure 4 representing the lower part of said cigar, in which a cover is man # uvré by a hydraulic cylinder, so <B> to </ B> to waterproof the cigar during Cabinage and towing operations to the depollution site, <B> + </ B> Figures <B> 6 </ B> and <B> 7 </ B> are side sections showing a device for sealing based on the use of inflatable bladders, respectively in expanded retracted position, <B> + </ B> Figure <B> 8 </ B> is a side view of the <B> operations of </ B> straightening from the tow tower to the storage-processing site, <B> # </ B> Figure <B> 9 </ B> is a side view of an anchor attachment device on the wreck , acting by depression, <B> + </ B> Figure <B> 10 </ B> is a view <B> of </ B> next to a bell equipped on its periphery with screens <B> to </ B> straps to minimize the effects of underwater currents. In Figures <B> 1 to </ B> 4, a wreck <B> 5 </ B> resting on the bottom <B> 72 </ B> of the sea has <B> 3 </ B> tanks filled hydrocarbon <B> 1 </ B> with a density <B> to </ B> seawater. The said hydrocarbon is confined in the upper part of the wreck, the lower part being > to </ B> it filled with seawater. vessel usually having multiple openings closed hermetically at deck level, leaks may occur since this seal would be <B> to </ B> be degraded by the deformation of the hull during the sinking.

In addition, cracks <B> 25 </ B> shown in Figure <B> 1 </ B> may appear and let the contents of the tanks escape.

FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first variant embodiment of an installation according to the present invention in which said receptacle 2 consists of a funnel-shaped bell. whose large open base constitutes said lower orifice <B> 3 </ B> and covers a leakage zone of said effluents, said zone comprising one or more said openings 4, <B> 82 </ B> in the shell and / or the vessel <B> (5) </ B> of said vessel, and the small upper base of said funnel gives access to said upper port <B> 9, </ B> and <B> b) </ B> said means of positioning include means for anchoring said receptacle on the vessel comprising cables 12 connecting attachment points <B> 131 </ B> attached to the circumference of said large base of the funnel and attachment points <B > 132 </ B> eXiStantS or installed on the ship, and tensioning means comprising <B>: </ B> # floats 14 connected <B> to </ B> the circumference of said large b an open end of said receptacle and around the tubular section <B> 91 </ B> in the upper part of the small base of said funnel, and # winches <B> 15 </ B> corresponding to said attachment points <B> 132 </ B> on the vessel, in such a way as to <B> maintain </ B> said receptacle in tension and in suspension <B> to </ B> near and <B> to </ B> the vertical of said openings 4 , <B> 82, </ B> and (c) the said draining means comprise an exhaust pipe <B> 6 </ B> connected at one end to the said upper orifice <B> 9 </ B> comprising the said tubular section <B> (91) </ B> in the upper part of said funnel, said pipe <B> 6 </ B> being tensioned substantially vertically <B> to </ B> using a float < B> 16 </ B> bound <B> to </ B> the free end of said pipe <B> 6. </ B>

Said receptacle is in the form of an inverted umbrella or a funnel of circular or trapezoidal section which makes it possible to cover the entirety of an area comprising several openings emitting polluting effluents.

<B> shall be installed across the hull and / or the wall of vessel <B> 5 </ B> of the vessel an effluent discharge device including a valve <B> 81 </ B> and a pipe <B> 82 </ B> connecting the interior of said vessel vessel with the outside, and said lower port <B> 3 </ B> of the receptacle preferably comprises a peripheral skirt <B> 31, </ B> so that said lower orifice can cover said opening 4 constituted by the outer end of said pipe <B> 82. </ B>

The installation of an evacuation system <B> (81, 82) </ B> of the effluents is done according to the so-called technique of "hot tap", it is <B> to </ B> say of the quilting <B> to </ B> hot or charging. This technique consists in <B> to </ B> soldering directly on the outside of the tank a short length of pipe <B> 82 </ B> equipped with a valve <B> to </ B> full passage 81. A special machine, not shown, is then installed in the axis said pipe is <B> y </ B> and sealingly connected. The machine is equipped with a drill which <B> to </ B> using a tool will reach the wall of the tank and <B> y </ B> will drill a hole, usually of a corresponding diameter < B> to </ B> that driving. At the end of the drilling operation, the drill is cleared, the valve closed and the machine can then be dismantled to be replaced by a pipe <B> 82, </ B> rigid or flexible that will evacuate the product, without no leak has been generated.

In Figures <B> 1, </ B> 2 and <B> 3, </ B> a funnel-shaped bell is installed <B> at </ B> the vertical of line <B> 82 < / B> as well as above the crack Its size can be <B> to </ B> a diameter of about <B> 15 </ B> m and a height between the top of about <B > 15 </ B> m also. It consists of a rigid armature associated with a flexible membrane or a rigid structure in the form of a funnel, the upper part of which communicates with a pipe. B> 6 </ B> for channeling the effluent to the surface, where a removing vessel will appear to empty the <B> contents of said bell.

Said bell is held in position by a set of cables 12 connected, on the one hand <B> to </ B> a fastener <B> 131 </ B> attached to the bell and on the other hand in <B> to </ B> a winch <B> 15. </ B> These cables, preferably <B> 3 </ B> cables, are installed to form a pyramid, preferably <B> to </ B> equilateral triangular base . Thus, the position of said bell can be adjusted and maintained closer to the wreck, for example <B> 50 </ B> cm <B> to 1 </ B> m, so that the end bottom of the large open base of the funnel constitutes the peripheral skirt defining the lower opening <B> 3 </ B> can cap the end of the pipe <B> 82 </ B> as shown in Figure 2, and In order to prevent pollution from being carried away by the current, it escapes the collector constituted by the bell. In the case <B> 1 </ B> the wreck rests horizontally on the bottom, any <b> the <b> the <b> the </ b> the ship's piping system will interfere with the bell that can not be installed closer, but fit, by means of winches, cable lengths said bell will be maintained in a position to optimize the recovery effect. The winches can be installed either on the wreck, on the bell or on mooring <B> at </ B> close to the wreck.

In order to minimize the effects of the underwater currents on the effluents going up towards the funnel, in the figure <B> 10 </ B> one advantageously installs on the lower edges of said receptacle <B> 3 </ B> a screen consisting of strands <B> 30, </ B> preferably joined, weighted at least in their lower part by weights <B> 31 </ B> and whose length, for example 3m, is adjusted according to <B> < Obstacles, such as pipes or equipment likely to hinder the approach of the receptacle towards the wreck. Thus, the strips will bypass closer to said pipes and said equipment, improving the containment of pollutants during their ascent to the <B> the </ B> receptacle thereby minimizing <B> pollution </ B> risks .

Said receptacle is made floating by means such as buoys 14 of syntactic material resistant <B> to </ B> the bottom pressure or by hollow buoys of various materials, such as plastics, steel or composite materials. The receptacle is held in position <B> at </ B> using a peripheral float surrounding the tubular upper portion <B> 91 </ B> of the funnel and a series of connected floats <B> at the circumference of the large base of the funnel in its lower part.

The floats 14 integral with the bell exert a vertical force tending to stabilize the assembly. A float <B> 16 </ B> installed at the head of the line maintains it in a substantially vertical position, while a flexible <B> 23, </ B> with a slight buoyancy floats on the surface of the sea.

Said receptacle and said evacuation device comprise heating means <B> 101, </ B> 102 of said polluting effluents to make them less viscous.

Said receptacle comprises thermal insulation means of its outer wall <B> 11. </ B>

indeed, in the case of light products, so <B> to </ B> low viscosity, product density difference from <B> to </ B> seawater is sufficient for the transfer of product to the top is done naturally. against, since the product has a density close to <B> 1 </ B> and a high viscosity, or tends <B> to </ B> freeze in the form of paraffin, it is advantageous to install a system of heating <B> 101 </ B> in the catchment area as well as in the upper part 102 of the bell <B> 3, </ B> the outside of said bell being preferably protected by thermal insulation <B> 11. </ B>

Said emptying means and said evacuation device comprise a pump 201, 202. In fact to activate the transfer process, it is advantageous to use pumps 201-202 located respectively or in combination on the collection line <B> 8 </ B > and on evacuation pipe <B> 6 </ B> to the removal vessel. A support vessel <B> 23 </ B> provides the power required for reheating and running pumps via an umbilical 22.

In Figures 2 and <B> 3 </ B> there is shown a similar system <B> to </ B> that <B> 1, </ B> in which the substantially vertical pipe <B> 6 < / B> is a hose with a float <B> 16 </ B> head and a valve not shown. The length of said hose is adjusted such that when the bell is positioned in the filling position above the wreck and at a short distance, the upper end of said pipe <B> 6 < / B> is far from the surface <B> 71, </ B> for example <B> 30 to </ B> 40 m below <B> of </ B> said surface, so that ships can pass <B> to </ B> nearby without risking damage to the facilities. When the bell is full, it goes back as shown in Figure 3, the bell acting on winches <B> 15, </ B> thus freeing the cable 12. The floats 14 cause the ascent container until the flexible pipe <B> 6 </ B> is floating surface where it can then be taken over by a surface vessel to which will be transferred the contents of the receptacle. The flexible <B> 6 </ B> reaching the surface <B> 71 </ B> floats and can be grabbed by a receiving vessel to carry out the transfer of the contents of the bell. A device, not shown to measure the filling of the bell and stop, by simply closing the valve <B> 81, </ B> the transfer of products from the wreckage to the bell.

FIGS. 4B to 7B show a second variant embodiment in which said receptacle consists of a container of substantially tubular form denominated "", which is held vertically <B> to </ B> using floats 141, 142 installed at least <B> at the top end 141 or <B> at </ B> each upper and lower end 141, 142 of said container, and <B> - </ B> said orifices, upper <B> 9 </ B> and lower <B> 3 </ B> of said container being closable so that said receptacle can be raised to the surface and installed in floating horizontal position when said orifices are closed, said receptacle can then be towed to an installation or a storage vessel of said effluents.

Said container positioning means comprise anchoring means comprising cables 12 connecting points of attachment <B> 131 to </ B> the lower end of said container attachment points <B> 132 </ B> existing or installed on the <B> 5 </ B> vessel or the seabed <B> 72, </ B> and tensioning means comprising floats 14 connected to the upper and / or lower ends of said container, and winches <B > 15 </ B> cooperating with said points of attachment <B> 131, 132 </ B> on said container <B> 131 </ B> or on the vessel <B> 132 </ B> or on the bottom the device for tensioning the cables 12 to ensure the descent container and maintain said container in suspension <B> to </ B> proximity and <B> to </ B> the vertical of said opening 4, <B> 82 < / B> of the ship or release the cables 12 to allow the reassembly of the container.

Purge port <B> 9 </ B> is closed by a valve. The long cigar is stabilized in relation to the wreck or at the bottom of the sea by a cable-winch assembly 12-13-15, to the vertical of a pipe The effluent, lighter the water collect in the upper part of the long cigar and the corresponding volume of water is driven naturally by bottom at the level of the skirt The base of the container has a flared part <B> to < / B> properly comb the evacuation device. Indeed, one installs <B> to </ B> through the hull and / or the wall of the tank <B> 5 </ B> of the ship an effluent evacuation device comprising a valve <B> 81 </ B> and a pipe <B> 82 </ B> connecting the inside of said vessel vessel with the outside, and said lower port <B> 3 </ B> of the receptacle preferably comprises a peripheral skirt < B> 31, </ B> so that said lower orifice can cover said opening 4 constituted by the outer end of said pipe <B> 82. </ B>

The upper float 141 is larger than the lower float 142 so as to provide greater buoyancy at the top to maintain the container upright.

The size of the container can vary <B> from 30 to 50 </ B> m high with a diameter of <B> to 5 </ B> m. <B> It </ B> is made of sheet metal or material composite. When the long cigar is put in place, it is full of water and its weight is compensated by the floats 14. As filling progresses, the difference density between the fluid and the water of sea creates a vertical thrust that is added to that of the floats. Advantageously limiting said vertical thrust by reducing the capacity of the floats, for example by simply ballasting one or more floats.

Once the filling of the long cigar is completed, the lower part of said cigar is hermetically closed, then the cables 12 secured to winches <B> 15 </ B> are deviated so as <B> to </ B> what said long cigar goes back to the surface, adopting an elongated position as shown in figure <B> 8. </ B> After disconnecting the cables, the long cigar and towed by the assistance vessel <B> 23, </ B> and then towed to an unloading site, such as a port, where the product will be transferred to treatment facilities. The long cigar will then be available again to be reinstalled on the wreck site.

As shown in Figure <B> 5 </ B> said lower opening <B> 3 </ B> of the container can be closed by a cover <B> 17 </ B> operated by hydraulic means, preferably a jack <B> 18. </ B>

When the fluid <B> 1 </ B> has reached the desired level, the cylinder <B> 18 </ B> is actuated and causes the long cigar to close tightly, which can then rise towards the surface in a horizontal position to be towed to the re-stocking site.

As shown in Figures <B> 6 </ B> and <B> 7 </ B>, said lower container port can be closed by a flexible pouch <B> 19 </ B> attached <B> to </ B>. the inner wall of said container in its lower part, said lower orifice being open when said bag is empty and closed when said bag is filled with a fluid introduced into said bag <B> to </ B> through a valve 21 of communication with the outside fixed on the wall of said container in its said lower part. The pocket is fixed on the inner wall of the container on half the third of its circumference.

The waterproof membrane <B> 19, </ B> when inflated with water through the orifice 21 provided with an isolation valve, occupies the entire section of the pipe and thus closes the lower end of the long cigar, making it waterproof. To release the passage and allow the loading, it is advantageously depressurized said membrane by simple suction of water through the orifice 21 <B>; </ B> the membrane not being secured <B> to </ B> the structure of the long cigar that on a part of its periphery, for example on half or third, the entire membrane will flatten on said peripheral zone, leaving a near-full passage for the transfer of the fluid.

In a preferred version of the invention according to FIG. 9, the attachment points on the wreckage and in particular the winches <B> 15 </ B> are advantageously set <B> to </ B> the wreck <B> to </ B> using a subwoofer <B> to </ B> sucking <B> 35 </ B> including an open face at the interface with the wreck and which cooperates with it by a peripheral seal <B> 36 </ B> and a suction line <B> 37 </ B> to evacuate the inside of the box <B> 38. </ B> Indeed, if out of water, such a device allows with a high vacuum, about <B> -1 </ B> bar, to obtain a holding force of <B> 10 </ B > t / m <B> of </ B> surface at <B> plane of </ B> joined, by depths of <B> 100 </ B> the pressure difference between vacuum and pressure ambient will be <B> 11 </ B> bars and the same area will then allow a holding force of <B> 110 </ B> tons for the <B> 1 </ B surface > M2.

The pipe may be in communication with a pump installed on the ROV is replaced by a pump secured to the box to suction and fed by said ROV or directly from the ship. assistance installed on the surface.

Claims (1)

Claims a process for the recovery of pollutant effluents lighter than water and little or immiscible <B> to </ B> the water, contained in tank <B> (5) </ B> of a cast vessel and / or damaged lying at the bottom of the sea <B> (72) </ B> characterized in that comprises the following steps in which <B>: </ B> <B> 1) </ B> a receptacle is lowered (2) comprising a lower orifice <B> (3) to </ B> using positioning means (12, <B>) 14i, <B> 15) to </ B> proximity and <B> to </ B> the vertical of at least one opening (4) in the hull and / or vessel <B> (5) </ B> of the vessel connecting the interior of the vessel vessel with the exterior manner <B> to </ B> recovering said polluting effluents <B> (1) </ B> flowing from said opening (4) by raising them in said lower orifice <B> ( 3) of said receptacle, and 2) when said receptacle is filled with polluting effluents <B> (1), said receptacle (2) <B> is raised to the said posi means until emptying means <B> (9, 6) </ B> of said receptacle comprising a closable top port <B> (9) </ B> of said receptacle and / or an evacuation line < B> (6) </ B> connected to said upper orifice <B> (9) to </ B> the upper part of said receptacle are accessible on the surface <B> (71), </ B> and <B> 3 </ B> emptying said receptacle into a surface vessel or vessel <B> through </ B> through said surface accessible drain means, and 4) repeating steps <B> 1) to 3) </ B> until the desired amount of effluent is recovered. Effluent recovery process according to claim 1, characterized in that <B> </ B> is installed through the shell and / or the wall of the vessel <B> (5) </ B > the vessel an effluent evacuation device comprising a valve <B> (81) </ B> and a pipe <B> (82) </ B> connecting the interior of said tank of the ship with the outside, and said lower port <B> (3) </ B> receptacle preferably comprises a peripheral skirt <B> (31), </ B> so that said lower orifice can cap said opening (4) preferably constituted by the outer end of said pipe <B> (82). </ B> <B> 3. </ B> Effluent recovery process according to claim <B> 1 </ B> or 2 characterized in that said receptacle and / or said evacuation device comprise heating means <B> (101, </ B> 102) of said polluting effluents to make them less viscous. 4. Process for effluent recovery according to claim 3 characterized in that said receptacle comprises thermal insulation means of its outer wall <B> (11). </ B> <B> 5. Method for recovering effluents according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that said positioning means comprise: B> anchoring means comprising 'bles (12) for anchoring said receptacle on the ship <B> (5) </ B> on the bottom of the sea <B> (72), </ B> and <B> - </ B> tensioning means comprising floats (14), said positioning means for maintaining said receptacle in suspension <B> at </ B> proximity and <B> at </ B> the vertical said opening (4) comprising <B> preferably <B> said outer end said pipe <B> (82) - <B> 6. </ B> Effluent recovery process according to claim <B> 5 </ B> characterized in that said positioning means comprise <B>: </ B> <B> - </ B> anchoring means comprising bells (12) connecting attachment points <B> (131) to the lower end of said receptacle and attachment points < B> (132) </ B> on the vessel <B> (5) </ B> or on the bottom of the sea <B> (72), <B> - </ B> tensioning means comprising floats (14) connected to the upper and / or lower ends of said receptacle, and winches <B> (15) </ B> corresponding to said attachment points <B> (131, 132) </ B> on said receptacle <B> 31) </ B> or on the vessel <B> (132) </ B> or on the bottom of the sea allowing to stretch the cables (12) to ensure the descent of said receptacle and maintaining said receptacle in suspension <B> at and near said vessel opening (4, <B> 82) </ B> or releasing the cables (12) to allow said receptacle to rise. <B> 7. </ B> Method for recovering fluent fluents according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that <B>: </ B> a) said receptacle (2) consists of a bell-shaped bell funnel whose large open base constitutes said lower orifice <B> (3) </ B> and covers a leakage zone of said effluents, said zone comprising one or more said openings (4, <B> 82) </ B> in the hull and / or the vessel <B> (5) </ B> of said vessel, and the small upper base of said funnel gives access to the upper port <B> (9), </ B> and said positioning means comprise < B> - </ B> means for anchoring said receptacle on vessel comprising cables (12) connecting attachment points <B> (131) </ B> fixed on the circumference of said large base of the funnel and attachment points <B> (132) </ B> on the vessel and <B> - </ B> tensioning means comprising <B>: floats (14) connected <B> at the circumference of said large open base of said receptacle tubular section <B> (91) </ B> in the upper part of the small base of said funnel, and winches <B> (15) </ B> corresponding to said attachment points <B> ( 132) </ B> on the vessel, and said draining means comprises a said exhaust line <B> (6) </ B> connected at one end to said upper port <B> (9) </ B> comprising said tubular section <B> (91) </ B> upper part of said funnel, said pipe <B> (6) </ B> being tensioned substantially vertically <B> to </ B> using a float <B> (16) </ B> connected <B> to </ B> the free end of said pipe <B> (6). </ B> <B> 8. </ B> Process < B> de </ B> effluent recovery according to one of claims <B> 1 to 6 </ B> characterized in that said receptacle consists of <B>: </ B> <B> - </ B> a container of substantially tubular shape, which is held in a vertical position <B> to </ B> by means of floats (141, 142) installed at least at the upper end (141) or <B> to </ B> each upper and lower end (141, 142) of said container, and said upper orifices <B> (9) </ B> and lower <B> (3) </ B> of said container being closable so that said receptacle can be reassembled at the surface and installed in a floating horizontal position when said orifices are closed, said receptacle can then be towed to an installation or a storage vessel of said effluents. <B> 9. </ B> Effluent recovery process according to claim <B> 8 </ B> characterized that said lower port <B> (3) </ B> of the container can be closed by a lid <B > (17) </ B> operated by hydraulic means, preferably cylinder <B> (l 8). <B> 10. </ B> Effluent recovery process according to claim <B > 8 </ B> characterized that said lower orifice of the container can be closed by a flexible bag <B> (19) </ B> fixed <B> to </ B> the inner wall of said container in its lower part, said lower opening <B> (3) </ B> being open when said pocket <B> (19) </ B> is empty and closed when said pocket is filled fluid introduced into said pocket <B> to </ B> through a valve (21) for communication with the outside fixed on the wall of said container in its said lower part. <B> 11. </ B> Effluent recovery process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said draining means and / or said evacuation device comprise a pump (201, 202). 12. effluent recovery process according to one of claims <B> 1 to 11 </ B> characterized in that said polluting effluents comprise hydrocarbons. <B> 13. </ B> Effluent recovery process according to one of claims <B> 1 to </ B> 12 characterized in that said receptacle (2) has in its lower part around said lower orifice <B > (3) </ B> a peripheral skirt <B> (31) </ B> comprising a flexible screen, preferably contiguous strips <B> (30), </ B> which ensure confinement of the area between the vessel and the lower edge of said receptacle (2) to <B> to </ B> avoid effluent leakage out of the receptacle during their ascent. 14. Effluent recovery process according to one of claims <B> to 13 </ B> characterized in that the attachment points <B> (132) </ B> and / or the winches <B> ( 15) </ B> are attached to the vessel <B> using suction boxes <B> (35) </ B> including an open face at their interface with the vessel, caissons in which the vacuum has been realized to secure them on a ship. Installation useful in a process for the recovery of pollutant effluents lighter than water and immiscible or poorly miscible <B> to </ B> the water contained in the tanks of a cast and / or damaged vessel lying down sea according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises: a) a receptacle (2) as defined in claims <B> 1 to 14, <B> b) </ B> positioning means (12, 13i, 14i, <B> 15) </ B> of said receptacle, as defined in claims <B> 1 to </ B> / B> 14, c) means for emptying <B> (5, 6) </ B> from said receptacle as defined in claims <B> 1 to </ B> 14, and <B> d) </ B> where appropriate <B> (81, 82) </ B> evacuation devices as defined in claims <B> 1 to </ B> 14.