FR2785561A1 - SPRING COMPRESSOR FOR HELICAL SPRINGS WITH AT LEAST ONE SPRING DISC - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, a support element (35) or several support elements (35, 36, 37) are provided to bridge by sections the axial distance (a1, a2), variable in the peripheral direction between a minimum and a maximum , existing at the start of a tensioning operation between the preferably planar support surface (30, 30 ') of an upper engagement member (2) of the compressor and a corresponding annular surface (29) of the spring disc upper (16) of a coil spring (12) to be tensioned, each support member extending only a short section of the annular surface (29). The invention guarantees maximum safety and the possibility of universal use by simple and inexpensive means.

Description

Spring compressor for coil springs with au

minus a spring disk.

  The invention relates to a spring compressor for tensioning a helical spring which is supported under preload at least by its upper end on a spring disc.

  upper of a spring type suspension strut

  motor vehicle shock absorber, comprising a first and a second gripping element, which are guided coaxially to each other by means of a guide tube of the spring compressor and which can be moved relative to the another by means of an adjustment member in the axial direction of the guide tube, the first gripping element being produced at least roughly in the form of a circle ring, to receive an annular surface of the spring disc, and the second gripping element being produced roughly in the form of a fork and capable of being fixed from the outside on a turn

spring.

  There is a known spring compressor of the type described (EP 0 349 776 B1), in which a threaded spindle, as an adjusting member, is rotatably mounted in the cylindrical guide tube. The first gripping member is clamped to one end of the guide tube by means of a cylindrical retainer, the gripping member being interchangeably coupled with the retainer via a coupling piece. The second gripping member is interchangeably assembled with a second retaining member via a second coupling piece, and is also interchangeable. The second retaining element, with the second gripping element, can be moved axially by the adjusting member, along the guide tube, to tension a spring

helical.

  The first gripping element has the shape of a closed ring, L-shaped, which can be placed on the upper side on the support ring of the spring disc of a suspension strut. The internal support surface of the ring, in contact with which the spring disc comes during the tensioning operation, may have several centering steps, so that spring discs and / or adapter rings or spacers different

  dimensions can be received by the same plug element.

  The second gripping element is roughly in the form of a fork and also has an essentially L-shaped profile in cross section. The two fork legs of this gripping element form an annular element roughly in the shape of a horseshoe, open on the side opposite the coupling element and the bearing surface of which has a rough appearance. near helical. The two gripping elements are arranged on the guide tube so that their central junction axis extends parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the guide tube. A helical spring stretched between the gripping elements is thus also oriented, by its longitudinal median axis, parallel to the guide tube. To execute a tensioning operation, the second gripping element is first brought into engagement with one of the spring coils in the lower zone of the helical spring, while the first gripping element is simultaneously or previously placed on the disc. upper spring. By actuating the threaded pin, the second, lower gripping element is moved along the guide tube towards the first gripping element, so that the spacing of these elements is reduced and the coil spring is shortened, therefore tense. To tension coil springs with a high pitch, the known spring compressor, with its gripping elements, can however only be used with reservations. On suspension struts which have such helical springs with a high pitch, this pitch extends approximately to the extreme turns of the helical spring, so that the flange-shaped support ring of the upper spring disc, made of stamped sheet metal, in many cases has a

relatively high slope.

  A centered tension of the coil spring is therefore at least made difficult, since the planar annular surface of the known gripping element can slide from the spring disc during the tensioning operation. This sliding can also cause the spring disc to wedge on the piston rod of the suspension strut, since the gripping element cannot be placed on the spring disc in a plane which extends exactly perpendicular to the axis of the

suspension leg.

  To avoid these drawbacks and risks and to make the tension of coil springs with a high pitch of the turns safer, in combination with the spring disc, provision is made on a spring compressor also known of the type described (DE 298 01 172.7 Ul), that the first gripping element has at least one bearing surface adapted to the helical shape of the support ring of the upper spring disc so that, during the tensioning operation, the upper spring disc applies flat in the grip element, at least on a support angle of at least about 180, and the second grip element is adapted to the pitch of the

prestressed spring.

  It is true that inexpensive manufacture of the gripping element can be obtained by making the gripping element in one piece with the support surface, but the gripping element must then be fixed on the spring and / or the spring disc in a fully radial direction

  defined, which can eventually cause problems.

  However, this drawback has also been eliminated by providing intermediate rings, which can be accommodated with adjustment in the first gripping element and are provided with pressure surfaces on the pressure side, dimensioned on the different thread pitches.

  different spring disc support rings.

  Adaptation to different conformations of spring discs of different configurations is thus simply achievable by the exchange of intermediate rings of

  different conformations adapted accordingly.

  Although a gripping element with several bearing surfaces of different diameter and with different surface shapes has also been known in this regard, these known gripping elements or spacer rings are also only achievable at the cost of relatively high costs and each can only be used by adapting to a

defined spring disc.

  The invention therefore aims to produce the first engagement element of a spring compressor of the type described, adapted to the tension of coil springs of a high pitch, so that maximum safety and possibility of use universal is guaranteed, also with

  simply and inexpensively feasible means.

  This objective is achieved in accordance with the invention by means of a spring compressor for tensioning a helical spring housed under preload between an upper spring disc and a lower spring disc of a suspension strut of the spring-shock absorber type of motor vehicles, composed of a first and a second gripping element, which are guided coaxially to each other by means of a guide tube of the spring compressor and which can be moved relative to the other by means of an adjustment member in the axial direction of the guide tube, the first gripping element being produced at least roughly in the form of a circle ring to receive an annular surface, extending in the form of a thread , of the upper spring disc, and the second gripping element being produced roughly in the form of a fork and capable of being fixed radially from the outside on a spring coil, characterized in that a support element or several support elements, which each extend only over a short section of the annular surface, are provided for bridging in sections the variable axial distance in the peripheral direction between a minimum and a maximum, existing at the start of an operation tension between the support surface, preferably flat, of the first gripping element and the surface

ring of the spring disc.

  The support elements, which in their simplest form may have the form of small, roughly parallelepipedic blocks, are then themselves achievable at essentially lower costs, if a particular set of for example two or three pieces is provided for each spring disc which occurs in practice. These support elements also have the advantage of

considerable weight gain.

  Although the use of the support elements according to the invention is also possible in combination with gripping elements, which have a helically wound support surface, their use with a flat support surface involves lower costs, because gripping elements with planar bearing surfaces and the supporting elements adapted thereto are easier to manufacture. A flat bearing surface is understood to mean a surface which lies in a plane

  perpendicular to the axis of the gripping element.

  Optional, complementary or alternative features of the invention are set out below: - The support elements are fixed to the support surface interchangeably and / or with the possibility of movement in the peripheral direction. Another economy can be obtained by this configuration, the possibility of displacement of the support elements providing the additional advantage that fewer different support elements

are required in total.

  - The support elements consist of metal or plastic bodies, which respectively have a first bearing surface adapted to the shape of the bearing surface and a second bearing surface facing this last, adapted to the net-like slope of the annular surface. These complementary characteristics of the support elements contribute to improving safety, point or linear pressure transmissions being avoided. - The support elements are provided with centering tongues located radially on the outside, which protrude respectively in the axial direction of the second bearing surfaces and enclose the peripheral edge of the support ring of the spring disc. By this configuration, the function of centering the gripping element on the spring disc can be simultaneously supported by the

support elements.

  While it is in principle possible to fix the support elements directly on the bearing surface of a gripping element, another judicious solution is to fix the support elements on the support surface of a separate intermediate ring , which can be accommodated with adjustment

  in the receiving section of the first gripping element.

  This configuration has a particular advantage in that it is possible to rotate the engagement element, with the assembly of the spring compressor, relative to the intermediate ring provided with the support elements, which must assume an angular position defined on the spring disc, so that the spring compressor can be fixed, from any radial direction, to the

  spring to be tensioned or on the spring disc.

  The following features of the invention are advantageous

  as to the handling and / or safety associated with it

  ci, the means provided being achievable very simply and

cheap.

  - The intermediate ring has a cross-sectional profile essentially in an L shape with an external annular wall, which surrounds the support elements and which, during the tensioning operation, also surrounds with a centering effect, at least in sections, the disc support ring

spring.

  - The intermediate ring is provided with an internal annular wall. - The receiving section of the first gripping element and / or the intermediate ring is or are respectively provided with several fixing devices, in mutual offset in the

  peripheral direction, for one or more support elements.

  - The annular wall of the receiving section of the first gripping element is interrupted by several cutouts in the form of segments, in which there are bearing edges arranged in a common plane perpendicular to the axis

of the annular wall.

  - The intermediate ring is locked in rotation in the

reception section.

  While the gripping element to be fixed on the spring disc consists, on known spring compressors of the type described, of a closed L-shaped ring whose cylindrical annular wall surrounds the support ring of the spring disc, the support elements according to the invention can also be used in combination with a grip element which has an open annular shape, particularly when the support elements are fixed on a separate intermediate ring, which can be

  housed in the open annular body of the gripping element.

  The invention will be explained below using the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a perspective representation of a

  spring compressor with two plug elements.

  Figure 2 is a bottom perspective view of a

first grip element.

  Figure 2a shows another form of construction of

  the gripping element shown in Figure 2.

  Figure 2b shows another form of construction of

  the gripping element shown in Figure 2.

  Figure 3 is a bottom perspective view of a

spacer ring.

  Figure 3a is an enlarged perspective representation of a support member of Figure 3, in the form of a spare part. Figure 4 is a bottom perspective view of a

  motor vehicle spring disc.

  Figure 5 is a section of the gripping element of Figure 2, placed with the spacer ring of Figure 3 on the

spring disc of figure 4.

  FIG. 6 is a representation in spread section of the intermediate ring with two support elements, placed on

  the spring disc support ring.

  Figure 7 is a bottom perspective view of a

another spacer ring.

  Figure 8 is a section of the gripping element of Figure 2, placed with the spacer ring of Figure 7 on the

spring disc of figure 4.

  Figure 8a is an enlarged section A of Figure 8.

  Figure 9 is a bottom perspective view of a

another spacer ring.

  FIG. 9a is an enlarged perspective representation of a support element in FIG. 9, in the form of a part

detached.

  Figure 10 is a section of the gripping element of Figure 2, placed with the spacer ring of Figure 9

  on the spring disk of figure 4.

  Figure 10a is an enlarged section B of Figure 10.

  Figure 11 is a section of a gripping element, placed directly on the spring disc of Figure 4 and on

  which are directly attached support elements.

  Figure 11a is an enlarged section C of Figure 11.

  Figure 1 shows a spring compressor 1 with a

  first grip element 2 and a second grip element 3.

  The first gripping element 2 has a receiving section 4 made in the form of a circle ring and provided, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, with a cross section essentially in L. By means of a part d coupling 5, this gripping element 2 is assembled by form locking with a retaining element 6 of the spring compressor 1, disposed with tight fit on the upper end 7 of a guide tube 8 of the

compressor 1.

  The second engagement element 3 is provided with a receiving fork 9, also in form-locked engagement with a second retention element 11 of the spring compressor 1, by means of a coupling piece 10. The second retaining element 11 is mounted on the guide tube 8 of the spring compressor 1 with the possibility of axial displacement and without the possibility of rotation. The retaining elements 6 and 11 are oriented so that the receiving section 4 and the receiving fork 9 of the two gripping elements 2 and 3 are coaxially opposite, so that a helical spring 12 to tension, as shown in Figure 1, is received between the gripping elements 2 and 3 extending by its longitudinal axis 13 parallel to the axis 14 of the guide tube 8. An adjustment pin is provided for the longitudinal movement of the second retaining element 11 on the guide tube 8, by driving the second grip element 3, this pin (not visible in the drawing) being housed in rotation coaxially inside the guide tube 8 and being able to be driven in rotation by means of a hexagon 15 located axially at

the outside of the guide tube 8.

  The annular receiving section 4 of the first gripping element 2 is placed in FIG. 1 on a spring disc 16 of a suspension strut (not shown in the drawing), this disc serving to receive and / or support the upper end of the helical spring 12 in the suspension strut. This spring disk 16 is shown in FIG. 4 in the form of a spare part. For its attachment to a motor vehicle body, the spring disc 16 has four mounting holes 17 which are distributed, more or less regularly in general, around the periphery of a front wall 18 in the form of a circle ring of the disc. of spring 16. The front wall 18 in the form of a ring of circle of the spring disc 16 surrounds a mounting plate 19 recessed, provided in its center with a passage hole 20. The passage hole 20 of the plate mounting 19 serves to receive the piston rod (not shown in the drawing) of a shock absorber of the suspension strut, and can be screwed securely to this piston rod. In such a suspension strut, the lowest spring turn 21 in the drawing is received by a second lower spring disc, not shown, of the suspension strut. In the assembled state of the latter, the helical spring 12 is housed under pretension between the upper spring disc 16 and the lower spring disc of the suspension strut, so that the helical spring 12 has, in this prestressed state, a longer length

short than in the unloaded state.

  To tension the helical spring 12, the receiving fork 9 of the second engagement element 3 is brought into engagement with one of the spring turns 22, as shown by way of example in FIG. 1. By its bearing surface 23, the receiving fork 9 then has a slope corresponding roughly to the pitch of the spring turn 22 to the preloaded mounting length of the helical spring 12. By this adaptation of the slope of the receiving fork 9, the turn spring 22 is safely guided on one side during a tensioning operation of the helical spring 12, and also during an expansion operation, until the withdrawal from the spring compressor 1. In particular, due to this slope adaptation , tension forces eccentric with respect to the longitudinal median axis 13 of the helical spring 12, which could produce high overturning and / or jamming torques, do not occur

to a minimal degree.

  As FIG. 4 also shows, the spring disc 16 has in the peripheral zone, axially above its front wall 18, an annular peripheral wall 24 of an approximately cylindrical embodiment, on the upper extreme edge of which is arranged a support ring 25 directed radially outwards and extending approximately at right angles to the longitudinal median axis 13. In its configuration, this support ring 25 is adapted to the pitch and / or at the shape of the upper turn 26 of the helical spring 12; it therefore has a mesh appearance in the direction

  peripheral, with a stepped shoulder 27.

  The upper spring turn 26 is supported on the annular surface 29 on the front side of the support ring 25 so that the end 28 of the spring is located directly in front of the shoulder 27. By this stepped embodiment of the support ring 25, the annular surface 29 of the latter also has a slope adapted, at least approximately, to the pitch of the upper spring turn 26. As already mentioned, the receiving section 4 has an annular configuration and is provided with a annular support 30 plane, which is an integral part of a collar 32 which surrounds an outer wall 31 on the external side

cylindrical peripheral.

  The intermediate ring 45 (FIG. 3), which can be accommodated in this receiving section 4, also has a planar support surface 30 ′, that is to say located in a plane extending at right angles to its axis. The latter is an integral part of a collar 33, applying to the support surface 30 of the section of

  reception 4 and surrounded by a stepped annular wall 34.

  Since the support surfaces 30 and 30 'lie in a plane extending essentially at right angles to the longitudinal axis 13, and the support ring 25, on the other hand, extends in a thread by its annular surface 29, this results between the support surface 30 and the annular surface 29 of the spring disc 16, at different places around the periphery, different distances, a1 and a2 for example, which must be bridged at least in sections if there is acts to obtain, during the tension of the spring 12, an axial distribution of the forces regular in the peripheral direction, from the receiving section 4 to the spring disc 16, to avoid jamming of the spring disc on the piston rod of the suspension leg. To explain the appearance of the support ring 25 and its annular surface 29, FIG. 6 shows the support ring 25 in spread out representation, with an intermediate ring 45 which can be accommodated with adjustment from below in the receiving section 4, ring shown in figure 3

as a spare part.

  To bridge by sections the variable distance in the peripheral direction between a minimum and a maximum, a1, a2 for example, existing at the start of a tensioning operation between the flat support surfaces 30, 30 ′ of the receiving section 4 and of the intermediate ring 45 on one side, and the annular surface 29 of the spring disc 16, two or three support elements 35 and 36, 37 are provided in each of the examples of construction shown in the drawings, according to FIGS. 3, 7 and 9. These support elements 35, 36 and 37 are constituted by metal or plastic bodies, which each have a first support surface 38 adapted to the shape of the support surface 30 and a second surface d 'support 39 facing the latter, adapted to the net slope of the annular surface 29 of the support ring 25 of the spring disc 16. The support elements 35, 36 and 37 have essentially a configuration with roughly parallel epipedic or the configuration of small blocks, each of which extends in the peripheral direction only over a short section of the annular surface 29. Each of them is detachably fixed by means of screws 40, interchangeably and / or with a possibility of displacement in the peripheral direction, either directly on the support surface 30 of the receiving section 4, or on the support surface 'of a separate intermediate ring 45, 46 or 47. To receive the screws 40, these support surfaces 30 or 30 ′ are respectively provided with an adequate number of axial holes, which allow the most favorable peripheral position of the support elements. So that the support elements 35, 36, 37 cannot rotate on the support surface 30 or 30 ′ around the axis of the screws, they are configured and arranged so that they are applied from one side to the annular wall 31 or 41 of the section of

  reception 4 or of the intermediate ring 45.

  Compared to the direct fixing of the support elements 35, 36, 37 on the annular support surface 30 of the receiving section 4, the use of an intermediate ring 45, 46 or 47 has the advantage that this ring 45 , 46, 47, with the support elements 35, 36, 37 fixed on the latter, can be rotated in the receiving section 4. This means that the spring compressor can be fixed from any radial position on the spring or strut to be stretched, while the intermediate ring 45, 46, 47, with its support elements 35, 36 and 37, can be applied in an entirely defined angular position on the ring of

support 25 of the spring disc 16.

  It is true that the possibility of displacement of the support elements 35, 36, 37 also provides the possibility of arranging them on the support surface 30 so that the spring compressor 1 can be pressed in a favorable spatial position on the spring to be tender. But the possibility of arbitrary fixation is therefore not

guarantee.

  As shown in Figure 2a, the receiving section 4 is

  also available as an open ring.

  When using spacer rings 45, 46 or 47, it is important to take measures which prevent rotation of the spacer ring 45, 46 or 47 used in each case in the receiving section 4 during the tensioning operation and of relaxation of the helical spring 12. As a result of the slope of the support ring 25 of the spring disc 16, adjacent to the oblique bearing surfaces 39 of the support elements 35, 36, 37 of the intermediate ring 45, 46 or 47, the spring disc 16 is also subjected to a torque, by which the spring tends to relax. A resistance to torsion preventing rotation must counteract this torque. This resistance to torsion can be produced in different ways. It is for example possible to use the existing holes 50 to screw the intermediate ring 45, 46 or 47 with the receiving section 4 or to fix them relative to each other by withdrawable pins. Another possibility consists in providing rubbing surfaces, for example in the form of rubber rings between the surfaces located one on the other of the intermediate ring 45, 46 or 47 and of the receiving section 4, or in the form of conical surfaces which provide increased friction resistance. An example of construction with a rubber ring 49 inserted is

  shown in Figures 10 and 10a.

  FIG. 2b shows another form of construction of a receiving section 4 with a coupling part 5 formed in one piece, in which the annular wall 31 is provided with three cutouts 42, 43, 44 in the form of segments, in each of which there is a bearing edge 51, 52 or 53. It is then important that these bearing edges 51, 52 and 53 lie in a common plane, so that the receiving section 4 can be supported by these edges 51, 52, 53 on an essentially triangular spring disk provided with a flat upper side, so that the residual wall sections 54, 55 and 56 in the form of segments can serve as centering and fixing aids . As shown in FIG. 3a, the support elements 35, 36 housed in the intermediate ring 45 are each provided with a step-shaped shoulder 60, adapted to the internal shoulder 61 of the annular wall 34, so that this

  the latter can be received approximately with adjustment.

  While the bearing surface 38 extends at right angles to the external sides of the essentially cylindrical body, the other bearing surface 39 is adapted obliquely to the shape of the slope of the annular surface 29 of

the support ring 25.

  Since the intermediate ring 45 is only provided with two support elements 35 and 36, it is important that the annular surface 29 of the support ring 25 of the spring disc 16 generally applies in a place directly on the support surface 30 'and / or on the shoulder 61, if the two support elements 35 and 36 are each at an angular distance from this location of approximately 120 and bear on the annular surface 29 of the ring support 25. The decision to use two or three or more support elements is taken on the spot in practice, namely essentially as a function of the shape of the annular surface 29 of the spring disc 16 concerned, depending on whether it

  has a high or low slope.

  Only two support elements 35 and 36 are provided both in the sectional representation of FIG. 5 and in the spread sectional representation of FIG. 6, only the support element 36 being represented in FIG. 5. While, when using the intermediate ring, the outer annular wall 34 of the latter can be used for centering the support ring 25 of the spring disc, an intermediate ring 46, provided in FIGS. 7 and 8, has a inner annular wall 34 'instead of an outer annular wall 34. As shown in FIG. 8, this annular wall 34' can engage with a centering effect in the annular wall 24 of the spring disc 16, if the cross section receiving 4, with the intermediate ring 46 in place, is applied to tension a spring 12. The support elements 35, 36 and 37, screwed onto the flat collar 33, are not provided in this case with a shoulder 60 Figures 9, 10 and 10a represent an intermediate ring 47, which has neither external annular wall nor internal annular wall. To also have in this case a possibility of centering, the three support elements 35, 36 and 37, screwed at adequate angular distances to the planar annular body, are respectively provided with centering tabs 58 located radially on the outer side, capable of surround with a centering effect, peripheral side, the support ring 25 of the spring disc 16 received. In this example of construction, a flat ring 49 acting as a torsion resistance element made of a material highly resistant to pressure and of a high surface friction, for example rubber, is also arranged in the receiving section 4 between

  the intermediate ring 47 and the collar 32.

  Figures 11 and 11a show a form of use of the support elements, in which the latter are screwed directly onto the support surface 30 of a receiving section 4. Again, it is advisable to use the support elements 35, 36 and 37 with centering tabs 58, to obtain a centering effect between the receiving section 4 and the support ring 25 of a spring disc 16, if the annular wall 31 has

  too large an inner diameter.

  To be able to use the spring compressor 1 on as many types of vehicles as possible with different spring discs, it is advisable to have several intermediate rings 45, 46 or 47 with the appropriate support elements 35, 36 and 37. and willing to

  adequately, so it is enough to exchange them.

Claims (10)

Claims.   1. Spring compressor (1) for tensioning a helical spring (12) housed under preload between an upper spring disc (16) and a lower spring disc of a suspension strut of the spring type shock absorber for motor vehicles, composed of first and second gripping elements (2, 3), which are guided coaxially to each other by means of a guide tube (8) of the spring compressor and which can be moved one relative to the other by means of an adjusting member (15) in the axial direction of the guide tube, the first gripping element being produced at least roughly in the form of a circle ring to receive an annular surface (29), extending in the form of a net, from the upper spring disc, and the second gripping element being produced more or less in the form of a fork (9) and capable of being fixed radially from the outside on a spring coil , characterized in that one or more support elements (35) support nts (35, 36, 37), which each extend only over a short section of the annular surface (29), are provided for bridging in sections the axial distance (a1, a2) variable in the peripheral direction between a minimum and a maximum, existing at the start of a tensioning operation between the support surface (30, 30 '), preferably planar, of the first gripping element (2) and the annular surface (29) of the disc spring (16).   2. Spring compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the support elements (35, 36, 37) are fixed on the support surface (30, 30 ') interchangeably and / or with a possibility of displacement in the peripheral direction.   3. Spring compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the support elements (35, 36, 37) consist of metal or plastic bodies, which each have a first bearing surface (38) adapted to the shape of the support surface (30, 30 ') and a second support surface (39) opposite the latter, adapted to the slope in the form of a net the annular surface (29).   4. Spring compressor according to one of claims 1   to 3, characterized in that the support elements (35, 36, 37) are provided with centering tongues (58) located radially on the outside, which protrude respectively in the axial direction of the second bearing surfaces (39) and enclose the peripheral edge of the support ring (25) of the spring disc (16).   5. Spring compressor according to one of claims 1   to 4, characterized in that the support elements (35, 36, 37) are fixed on the support surface (30 ') of a separate spacer ring (45), which can be accommodated with adjustment in the receiving section (4) from the first grip element (2).   6. Spring compressor according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate ring (45) has a cross-sectional profile essentially in an L shape with an external annular wall (34), which surrounds the support elements (35, 36) and which, during the tensioning operation, also surrounds with a centering effect, at least in sections, the support ring (25) of the disc spring (16).   7. Spring compressor according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate ring (46) is provided   an internal annular wall (34 ').   8. Spring compressor according to one of claims 1   in 7, characterized in that the receiving section (4) of the first gripping element and / or the intermediate ring is or are respectively provided with several fixing devices (50), mutually offset in the peripheral direction, for one or more support elements (35, 36, 37).   9. Spring compressor according to one of claims 1   to 8, characterized in that the annular wall (31) of the receiving section (4) of the first gripping element (2) is interrupted by several cutouts (42, 43, 44) in the form of segments, in which lie bearing edges (51, 52, 53) arranged in a common plane   perpendicular to the axis of the annular wall.   10. Spring compressor according to one of claims   1 to 9, characterized in that the intermediate ring (45, 46, 47) is prevented from rotating in the section of reception (4).