FR2785314A1 - Method of making suspended floors for building involves attaching beams to roof and suspending floor frames from suspension rods attached to these - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of making suspended floors for a building involves forming beams (3) of laminated wood (3) mounted on the roof base. The tie beams (2) and posts or walls (5) and suspension rods (6) are assembled. The floors and ceiling are mounted directly on the tie beams and the latter are suspended on the suspension rods which feed the loads directly to the beams.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing floors suspended from the upper structure of the frame using hangers. The beams supporting the floor rest at their ends on the walls or on posts.

The production of suspended floors and / or ceilings has been known for a long time because of its advantage essentially due to the simplicity which results therefrom.

However, the upper structure of the frame allowing the suspension is very much heavier to support the floor or floors. The connections between crossbow ties and posts or walls are more complex than in conventional constructions.

Under the prior art, there may be mentioned a few patents relating to particular implementations partially illustrating the state of the art.

The MAXI COMBLES FR patent. A. 2.720.777 describes a method for laying load-bearing floor in unfinished attic space using a central beam.

The PLACOPLATRE EP patent. 0. 711.882 relates to a support structure for a removable ceiling suspended from a floor slab.

The BENNET WO patent. 90/02. 857 protects from improvements to ceiling suspension arrangements.

Many prior art relates to suspension devices. These devices only concern specific applications linked to the construction of suspended floors or ceilings.

Examples include patents: ERICO International CO EP. 0 678.635, KLOKNER MEDEOLLER GMBH W0. 96/29. 484, LOU WALKER NOMINEES PTY WO. 91 / 00.943, WICHERT WO 91/07. 598.

Likewise, the assemblies between the different elements are specific to the devices used and do not constitute, like the previous prior art cited above, relevant documents calling into question the patentability of the present invention.

The problems to be solved in order to produce one or more suspended floors arise at three levels, firstly the constitution of the arbeter, capable of supporting the loads due not only to the covering but to the suspended floors. Then the lines must be able to support joists and floors. These lines must be able to be adjusted after their installation and if necessary after covering the building. As far as possible, these lines should be concealed in the partitions.

In addition, the connections between crossbeamers and the post or walls forming the framework of the building must not only allow the assembly of these elements but they must be able to transmit greater forces than traditional frames resulting from the suspension of the floors placed on the entrait.

In addition, it is desirable that the certain elements constituting the: rafters, hangers, as well as the corresponding links, be of small thickness so as to be able to be integrated into the partitions. This concealment results on the one hand from an aesthetic concern, although the apparent crossbowmen may in certain cases be desirable precisely from an aesthetic point of view, on the other hand from the need to constitute a fire resistance.

Furthermore, to avoid successive adjustments after fitting the frame, it is essential to be able to pre-stress! es constituent elements before the installation of the permanent loads. The framework to be produced must make it possible to obtain a ground floor without any posts, except in place of the peripheral walls forming the framework of the building.

The present invention proposes to solve the technical problems mentioned above, to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

The process must also be simple, inexpensive, aesthetic, easy to carry out.

According to the invention, the process for constructing floors and / or ceilings suspended by lines from the upper structure of the frame, which is in particular composed of wooden trusses with two slopes with ties assembled to rafters, these two elements made of glued wooden slats rest at their ends on wooden poles and / or wall poles forming the exterior framework of the building, said process is characterized in that it comprises in combination the use of hangers transmitting to the crossbowmen the forces collected by the ties and entered rolled up on which are placed floors and ceilings, the implementation of arched rafters in the lower part, the connection of the rafters to the ties and wooden poles intended to ensure the transfer of compression and traction forces between rafters and ties as well that the connection between wooden posts and entered.

Preferably the lines, supporting the ties on which the various floors and ceilings constituting the floor and the habitable roof are placed, each comprise a flat head on which the entry support of the floor rests, a cylinder forming an adjustable stop in height on which the roof support is supported, another cylinder adjustable in height on which the rolled-up support is supported on the roof ceiling and an upper adjustment end piece resting on the crossbowman.

These lines are put in place when the frame is assembled flat on the construction floor, by threading each of the lines successively in a hole made on the entrance of the floor, then that of the attic as well as on the 'entered rolled up then on the arbatétrier, so that, the flat head of the hanger supports the entrance of the floor, the cylinders of the hanger support the other ties.

According to a preferred embodiment, the connections between the rafters and the wooden poles comprise a flat metal plate forming a gusset interposed between the elements to be assembled.

This metallic flat plate forming a gusset inserted in a recess produced on one of the two parts of each of the elements to be assembled comprises fixed rings of circular section inserted in the corresponding recesses produced in each of the two parts of the elements to be assembled.

According to another characteristic, the tie-crossbowers assemblies comprise a metal plate forming a gusset interposed between the elements to be assembled when the frame rests on the pole of the peripheral wall.

This metallic flat plate forming a gusset inserted in a recess produced on one of the elements to be assembled comprises bars inserted in the corresponding recesses produced in each of the two parts of the elements to be assembled.

Advantageously, the tightening of the two parts of each of the elements together is obtained by gluing, by screws and / or bolts.

Preferably the transverse partitioning of each floor and of the habitable roof space is carried out in line with the ties so that the lines are included in the partitions, therefore invisible.

According to another embodiment characteristic, the longitudinal partitioning on the two sides of the corridor is suspended from the support structure at the level of the upturned entry so as to avoid an overload on the floor.

Thus the method according to the invention meets the objectives set, to solve technical problems, while respecting the requirements of simplicity, aesthetics, lower cost, ease of implementation, fire resistance, optimizing the living area.

Other characteristics will appear on reading the description of an embodiment given by way of illustration and in no way limitative with reference to the appended drawings for which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view in cross section of a building produced according to the method according to the invention,
Figures 2 are schematic views of the floor suspension system,
Figures 3 are partial schematic sectional views of the assembly of a farm resting on a wall.

Figures 4 are schematic views in partial section of truss assemblies with wooden posts.

Figure 5 is a schematic partial sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the frame.

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view in cross section of a building comprising a floor and an attic space produced in accordance with the method according to the invention, the truss of which rests on the peripheral wall.

The farm 1 with two equal slopes of approximately 60% consists of the two crossbowmen 3 and an entrance 2b. Note that the two slopes could be equally uneven and that the percentage of slopes varies according to the standards from one country to another.

The entry 2b rests on either side at its ends on posts 5 constituting the stiffeners of the peripheral masonry of the building. The posts 5 are extended to your roof by the masonry 5 '. The crossbowmen 3 are bent at the bottom. The connection between the crossbowman 3, the entry 2b is the subject of Figures 3 below. Common purlins 11 and ridge 11a based on the rafters 3 serve as supports for the rafters 12, which support the cover, not shown. The upturned entry 2c is supported by the lines 6, said entry supports the thermally insulated ceiling 8, the visible face of which has a finish, like oven-painted paneling. The ceiling 8 being insulated avoids the installation of an insulator between the rafters 12. The false rafters 3b forming the roof overhang rest on the rafters 3 and on the masonry 5 ′ and serve as support for the insulating panels 13 forming the creeping ceiling and roof overhang. These panels have, like the ceiling 8, a finish on the visible face, on the one hand inside the roof space and on the other hand outside on the eaves. This technique avoids finishing the ceiling 8, the creeping ceiling 13 and the eaves.

The floor 7 consisting of a self-supporting sandwich structure, phonically and thermally insulated, 120 to 150 mm thick, is placed directly on the ties 2a and 2b perpendicular to the trusses. The thickness of this structure depends on the intervals between the trusses from 3.6 to 4.5 m approximately.

The entry 2a of the floor does not rest on the posts 5, the connection between these two elements is carried out with a metal bracket made invisible after the installation of the insulation and the finish.

Lines 6 support the ties 2a, 2b and the upturned entry 2c on which the floors 7 and ceiling 8 are supported respectively. These lines pass through these connections and the rafters 3 are supported on the latter.

Figures 2 illustrate, in schematic views, the suspension system constituted by the lines 6 four in number in the example treated. Their number depends on the span of the farms and the permanent loads on the floors, attic space. It is a simple matter of calculation of loads and resistance of the materials used.

FIG. 2A shows the suspension system, FIGS. 2B, C, D specify, by way of example, the shapes of the washers, interposed between retainers and supported parts.

These lines 6 made of high-strength steel with a diameter of 12 to 16 mm have at their base a flat head 6a and a circular washer 6a 'allowing the load to be distributed on the entry 2a support for the floor 7a of the floor. A cylindrical retainer 6b comprising a square-shaped washer 6b ′ immobilized by means of screws 6b "with square head supports the entry 2b and the turned-up entry 2c. An adjustment endpiece 6c consisting of nut and against nut comprises a washer 6c ′ of substantially rectangular shape resting on a flat produced on the crossbowman 3.

It should be noted that these suspension systems comprising hangers and stops immobilized by screws are tested for a load 25% higher than that provided, in the case of joining two hangers at the stop.

The installation of the lines in the trusses is carried out when the frame is assembled flat on the ground either of the construction or outside.

Bores are previously made in the different connections 2a, b, c, and in the crossbowman 3, the hanger is threaded starting with the entry 2a support of the floor 7a of the floor. A presetting of the retainers 6b and of the adjustment head 6c is carried out, then the whole of the truss and the lines is lifted and put in place. The procedure is successively the same for each of the farms. The lines are adjusted before installing the cover and the floors and ceiling by putting all the parts of the farm in prestressing before receiving all the permanent loads.

Before lifting, the various connections between ties 2, rafters 3 and posts 4 must be executed as specified when describing Figures 3 and 4 below.

FIGS. 3 and 3bis show the assembly of an entry 2b support for the floor 7b of the roof space with the rafters 3. This truss rests on the wall post 5 forming the peripheral framework of the building.

This assembly is carried out using a steel plate 10 comprising bars 10a which are inserted into recesses 10a 'made on the top of the entry 2b and on the arbeter 3, at the level of the cut with entry 2b.

This assembly system has been the subject of the CENTOR mark and is protected by a patent A. GEZAT 96.03.111 dated 7/3/96.

FIG. 3A shows the assembly carried out, the metal plate provided with its bars 10a is inserted between the entry 2b and: 'crossbowman 3. Figure 3B shows the recesses 10a' made on the entry 2b A similar recess, not shown , is executed on the crossbowman 3 at the level of the cut with entry 2b.

A bar 10b of larger dimensions than the others, positioned at the end of the crossbowman, serves as a retainer.

Figures 3C and 3D show the plate 10 provided with its bars 10a-10b.

This plate is not fixed on the entry, it cannot move because of the load which it supports. This assembly with bars makes it possible to block the compressive and tensile forces between the crossbowman and the beam.

The connection between the wall 5 and the farm 1 is shown in Figure 3bis. It is traditionally carried out using a steel plate 5a fixed on the internal face of the wall and a steel plate 5b fixed on one or both sides to
Plumb with the entry and the crossbowman. Any other connection method can be envisaged, in particular anchoring the entry on the upper face of the wall or in the wall. At the level of the support supporting the floor, the connection with the wall is generally carried out with a steel bracket which will be invisible after the installation of the insulation and the interior finish.

According to schematic views in partial section, the assemblies of the trusses 2-3 with the wooden posts 4 are shown in FIGS. 4.

The axial gusset assemblies are made using steel plates 9a, 9b, comprising rings 9a ', 9b' of cylindrical sections, which are inserted into corresponding recesses made in each of the two parts of the different parts to assemble.

This type of assembly was the subject of the CENTOR brand mentioned above. To distinguish the two assembly processes, it suffices to specify CENTOR A for rings and CENTOR B for bars.

This type of assembly is also protected by an A. GEZAT patent
EP. 02.844.494 issued on 419/94.

FIG. 4A shows the different assemblies by axial gusset made with metal plates and rings. The different parts are produced in two parts in the direction of the thickness Each of the metal plates is inserted in a recess produced on only one of the half parts of depth equal to the thickness of the metal plate so that during the 'assembly of the two half parts the faces are contiguous, the rings fit into recesses made on each of the parts.

FIG. 4B shows the assembly of the two half parts of the post 4 comprising the different metal plates provided with their rings. A metal plate with two rings is anchored in the ground. The diameter as well as the number of rings are calculated according to the bending moments to resume.

The entry 2a support for the floor 7a of the floor is assembled with the post 4 using the metal plate shown in the two views of FIG. 4C.

As for the post, the entry 2a is made in two parts. After assembly these two parts are still glued because visible. This is not the case for posts and rafters which can be kept assembled by screws or bolts with regard to the farm posts of a wooden frame.

In the case of these figures two rings are inserted in the post 4 two others in the entry 2a. The CENTOR A type assembly makes it possible to make the angles non-deformable, therefore ensuring the stability of the structure without conventionally resorting to counter-sheets at each angle, which is unattractive and costly.

The entry 2b supporting the floor 7b of the roof space is assembled with the post 4 and the crossbowman 3. In this case the entry 2b is supported by the post 4. The metal plate 9b provided with these rings 9b ensures the assembly of these different pieces. All the pieces of wood are also made in two parts held together after assembly by gluing, screws or bolts.

The joint assembly of these two half parts increases fire safety. To obtain an equivalent result it would be necessary to increase the dimensions of the different parts.

The arched shape in the lower part of the crossbowman considerably increases its resistance to bending and allows easier assembly with the beam. The height in the lower part of the ramp, limited to 1.8 m, makes it possible to obtain an attic that can be converted into living space with a floor equivalent to that of the upstairs or ground floor.

The transverse partitioning of the floor and the attic is cleverly carried out in line with the beams so that the lines and the crossbowman are included in the partitions. This is important for fire safety and corrosion resistance. The longitudinal partitioning on both sides of the corridor is suspended from the supporting structure at the upturned entry so as to avoid an overload on the floor.

In addition, the surface of the ground floor is clear of any wall of poles and posts which facilitates the distribution of space.

In Figure 5 according to a schematic view in partial section there is shown an alternative embodiment of the frame with solid wood. Crossbowman 3 is no longer bent. The connections 2b and 2c are supported on the lines 6. The connections between the various parts of the frame are provided by plates with rings. Entait 2b rests at its ends on the stiffening posts of the peripheral wall 5. Instead of posts 5 it would be possible as in the previous solution to use wooden posts 4 shown on the right of Figure 5. In this case the connection between rafters 3, entered 2b, posts 4 would be made with metal plates forming axial gussets according to the above-mentioned CENTOR A process.

This heavier and more expensive solution than the previous one is therefore feasible at the cost of some complications relating to connections. It makes it possible to avoid the use of coteau laminated wood which makes it possible to obtain more aesthetic frames.

The method according to the invention responds well to the fixed goals. It is simple, inexpensive, aesthetic, easy to implement, increases the fire resistance compared to traditional frames, makes it possible to produce lighter frames.

It allows above all to recover an attic floor area equivalent to that of the ground floor, It frees the ground floor of any cross walls and posts. This represents savings on the structural work item.

The modifications likely to be made by a person skilled in the art to the process described above which without altering the original arrangements would only be simple technical equivalents thereof within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

 between wooden posts and entered.  compression and traction between rafters and ties, as well as the connection  beams and wooden poles intended to ensure the transfer of efforts from  work of arched rafters at the bottom, the connection of the rafters to  and entered rolled up on which are laid floors and ceilings, setting  lines transmitting to the crossbowmen the forces collected by the ties  process is characterized in that it involves in combination, the use of  or wall posts (5) forming a peripheral framework of the building, said  laminated timber coats rest at their ends on wooden posts (4) and /  assembled with rafters (3) from farms, these two elements made of  in particular composed of wooden trusses (1) with two slopes with ties (2)  lines to the upper structure of the frame, which is  CLAIMS 1) Process for the construction of floors and / or ceilings suspended by  2) Method of constructing suspended floors From the frame according to  claim 1 characterized in that the lines (6) supporting the  beams (2) on which the different floors (7) and ceilings are placed  (8) constituting the floor and the habitable roof space, each have a head  plane (6a) on which the entry (2a) supports the floor, a cylinder  (6b) forming a height-adjustable retainer on which the entry rests (2b)  roof support, another cylinder (6b) adjustable in height on which  is supported by the upturned entry (2c) ceiling support (8) of the attic and a  upper end piece (6c) for adjustment resting on the crossbowman (3). 3) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  claim 2 characterized in that the establishment of the lines (6)  is operated when the farm is assembled flat on the construction floor,  by threading each of the lines successively in a hole made  on the entry of the floor (2a), then that of the attic (2b) as well as on the entry  turned up (2c), then on the crossbowman (3) so that the flat head of the  hanger supports the entrance to the floor (2a), the cylinders (6b) of the hanger  (6) support the other links (2b, 2c). 4) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  claim 1 characterized in that the interlocked assemblies (2)  rafters (3) -poles (4) have a flat metal plate (9)  forming an axial gusset interposed between the elements to be assembled. 5) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  claim 4 characterized in that the flat metal plate (9)  forming an axial gusset inserted into a recess made on one of the two  parts of each of the elements to be assembled have fixed rings  (9a) with circular section inserted in the corresponding recesses made  in each of the two parts of the elements to be assembled. 6) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  claim 1 characterized in that the interlocked connections  rafters (3) have a metal plate (10) forming a gusset  interposed between the elements to be assembled when the frame rests on the  peripheral wall post (5). 7) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  claim 6 characterized in that the flat metal plate (10)  forming a gusset inserted in a recess made on one of the elements to  assembly includes bars (10a) inserted in the recesses (10a ')  correspondents carried out in each of the two parts of the elements to  to assemble. 8) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  any one of claims 4 or 5 characterized in that the clamping  of the two parts of each of the elements is obtained by gluing, by screws  and / or bolts. 9) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  claim 1 characterized in that the transverse partitioning of  each floor and the attic space is carried out at the right of the  so that the lines are included in the partitions, therefore invisible.  10) Method of constructing floors suspended from the frame according to  claim 1 characterized in that the longitudinal partitioning of  two sides of the corridor is suspended from the supporting structure at  the retracted up so as to avoid an overload on the floor.