FR2783851A1 - FRAME, ESPECIALLY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns an ultra-light framework in particular for building an ecological house with very low energy consumption. It defines the skeleton of the various main parts of a building, such as a floor (2), walls (3) a ceiling and a roof (17), and is characterised in that the skeleton of said main parts consists of several identical base section elements (1) assembled together by nodes (5) so as to form a single three-dimensional system, said nodes being designed for receiving at most eight base elements arranged in a common plane and at most four base elements arranged at least on one side of said plane and inclined at 45 DEG relative to said plane. Moreover, the base elements (1) are arranged so as to form ducts (8) for passing through utility shafts.

Description

FRAME, ESPECIALLY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING

  The present invention relates to a framework, in particular for the construction of a building, defining the skeleton of different main parts of said building, such as a floor, walls, a ceiling and a roof. Better than anyone else, nature teaches us the art of building well while being economical with raw materials. The nature that surrounds us is entirely turned towards a search for efficiency, lightness being put at the service of solidity and apparent fragility at the service of beauty. So a simple spider web is of a

  diaphanous lightness but of incredible resistance.

  When it comes to construction, humans have taken some time to draw inspiration from this model. For centuries prevailed the illusory principle that to build solid needed to build massive. It is only thanks to the slow progress made in the field of mathematics and that of the physics of materials that the builders have gradually freed themselves from this constraint, to succeed in conceiving

  increasingly light and slender structures.

  Curiously, one of the areas where these changes have been least applied is that of the construction of individual houses. Although the structures have been considerably lightened since the time of fortified castles, the fact remains that the principle "build massive to build solid" is hardly questioned in our time, and this in particular regarding houses at

wood frame.

  However, at present, frame constructions, and more particularly timber frame houses are very successful due in particular to their ecological and above all economic advantages compared to houses

"traditional".

  Due to the principle of "building solid to build solid", individual timber frame houses include a solid wood beam which constitutes the basic "brick" of all good framework and all good framework. However, this solid wood beam has drawbacks: rigidity, high weight, tendency to crack, high economic and ecological cost, etc. In addition, in recent years,

  improving insulation has always been a concern.

  It is only with great resources that we succeed in correctly constructing a floor-wall-ceiling-roof assembly while respecting the building standards which are of

more and more binding.

  The removal of thermal bridges requires great efforts. Beams with large sections are heavy, expand a lot and require a lot of energy to be dried. The formation of cracks and the large expansion of large section beams severely handicap the construction of houses with low energy loss. Glued laminated beams solve the two aforementioned problems but the

  problem of the floor-wall-ceiling-roof assembly remains.

  On the other hand, for each house it is necessary to establish a list of elements whose lengths and sections differ. This step is long and requires a lot of effort. The need for good insulation when wanting to use large section beams no longer allows an ideal result to be obtained. The presence of the different beams leads to complications during the installation of the different installations (sanitary, electrical ...). An additional wall covering the facilities would be

  an expensive solution without solving problems at intersections.

  Finally, the preparation and assembly of the various elements can only be done by

trades people.

  The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing frames made of ultra-light structural elements having high physical strength and which ensures the self-supporting elements between them. These frameworks allow a great saving of wood, an automated manufacture of the parts, a simple assembly without requiring knowledge or specific materials. The frames according to the invention can be presented in the form of a ready-to-assemble assembly, from where

  easy transport to the site.

  For this purpose, the invention relates to a frame of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that the skeleton of at least one of said main parts consists of several basic elements of identical section assembled by means of

  nodes so as to form a three-dimensional network.

  Preferably, all the main parts of the building belong to the same three-dimensional network. Thus, there is no longer any separation between said main parts. There is therefore no longer, for example, any cracking problem at the level of

  the junction of the different parts.

  In a particularly advantageous manner, the basic elements are arranged so as to form channels for the passage of technical sheaths, said channels

  having a prismatic shape of triangular section and parallel directions.

  In a particularly simple way, the section of the basic elements is square.

  Advantageously, the basic elements have at each of their ends a longitudinal groove, used for assembly with a knot made up of as many branches as basic elements to be assembled. Said branches

  are arranged to fit into the grooves provided on the base elements.

  To this end, the branches of said node and the basic elements may have corresponding holes for receiving fixing means. To complete the construction, the skeleton is covered with an interior and exterior coating. Finally, the empty spaces created inside the skeleton are filled with

insulating materials.

  The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the description

  following of an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure la and lb show a partial perspective view of a frame according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a view of / 4d'une part of a main element, - Figure 3 is a perspective view of a part of a main element, - Figure 4 shows a node according to the invention, - Figure 5 is an exploded view of the node of the figure 4, - Figures 6 and 7 show basic elements according to the invention, - Figures 8 and 9 show the different stages of mounting certain basic elements according to the invention, - Figure 10 shows mounted basic elements on a node according to the invention, and - Figure 11 shows another construction made with a frame according to the invention. With reference to FIGS. 1a and 1b, the framework 10 according to the invention corresponds to the skeleton of a building, such as a dwelling house, which comprises the various main parts that are found in all constructions, with namely a floor 2, walls 3, a ceiling (not shown) and a roof 17. More specifically with reference to Figures 2 and 3, the skeleton of all of these main parts is produced by assembling several elements to each other base 1 by means of nodes 5 so as to form a three-dimensional network. More precisely, each main part comprises an upper plate 6 and a lower plate 6 'which are parallel to each other and formed by basic elements 1 arranged in squares 7, 7' whose sides are parallel in pairs, the squares 7, 7 ' being offset from each other so that the corner of a square 7 of the plate 6 corresponds to the

  center of a square 7 'of the 6' tray.

  Between the two plates 6, 6 'are arranged basic elements 1 so as to form a three-dimensional network. For example, from each corner of a square 7 leave four basic elements 1 in the direction of the four corners of a square 7 'so as to obtain a regular pyramid having as base the square 7' and as a vertex the corner of the square 7 There are thus obtained between the two plates 6, 6 ′ in two perpendicular directions parallel rows of regular pyramids which form between them and within themselves channels 8 of prismatic shape of triangular section. These channels 8 are arranged head to tail parallel to each other in the two perpendicular directions of the sides of the squares 7, 7 '. These channels 8 can advantageously constitute passages for technical sheaths. To complete the main part, there are only three basic elements arranged starting from the corner of a square 7. To complete this structure, two basic elements (not shown in Figures 2 and 3) are arranged perpendicularly one to the other along the diagonals of each square 7, 7 '. These basic elements which are arranged in the diagonals of the squares 7, 7 ′ are shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b. For better readability of the drawings, only the basic elements constituting the sides of the

  squares 7, 7 'have been shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

  The three-dimensional network formed for a main part is continued to form another main part. Thus, the frame 10 according to the invention consists of a single piece. There is no separation between the different main parts. The wall 3 for example is produced by extending the floor 2 upwards in a perpendicular direction. For this, one makes from the corners of the last squares 7 but upwards with respect to the above embodiment three basic elements 1 to reconstitute two vertical plates between which are formed regular pyramids. The network is continued in the same way between wall 3, the floor and the

roof 17.

  As shown in Figure lb, is used to make the roof 17 of the basic elements 1 'whose length is equal to that of the basic elements 1 arranged in the

diagonals of the squares 7, 7 '.

  Squares may not be formed in the network to leave spaces for windows 9, doors, stairs 11, etc. As shown in Figure 6, the basic elements 1, 1 'are of parallelepiped shape and square section. The basic element 1 'used for the roof 17 is obviously longer than the basic element 1 for making the sides of the squares 7, 7' since the basic elements 1 'are the same length as those used in the diagonals of said squares 7, 7 '. These basic elements 1 ′ are also used for example to stop the network in order to complete a main element or to form openings. The basic elements 1 arranged in the diagonals of the squares 7, 7 'have a particular construction so as to form a cross which constitutes the diagonals of the squares 7, 7'. For this, and with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9, the basic element 1a has at its center a notch 19 on each of its lower and upper faces. The basic elements 1b constitute halves of basic element 1a.

  taken in the longitudinal axis and also have in their center a notch 19.

  Thus, the basic element la fits between two basic elements 1b so as to form a cross, the intersection of the elements 1a and 1b corresponding to the center of the

squares 7, 7 '.

  The basic elements 1,1 'have at each of their ends a longitudinal groove 13 having a certain depth. At the level of this groove 13 are provided holes 14 for receiving fixing means, such as screws (not shown). Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the nodes 5 are made up of as many branches 5a, b, 5c as basic elements 1 to be assembled by means of said node. The nodes 5 are placed at the four corners of the squares 7, 7 'and the branches 5a, 5b, 5c each have a different direction to constitute the three-dimensional network. In the example shown, the node 5 has twelve branches 5a, 5b, 5c, or eight branches Sa in the same plane to constitute the starting point of four squares 7, 7 ', and of four diagonals, four branches 5b, 5c , to constitute the starting point of the four

  edges of the regular pyramids arranged between the panels 6, 6 '.

  The node 5 can be made of steel, by cutting. As shown in FIG. 5, the eight branches 5a, the two branches 5b and the two branches 5c can respectively form a single piece. The branches 5b and 5c each have a notch 15 for fitting one on the other. The plan comprising the branches Sa comprises in its center a cross-shaped groove 18 for receiving the branches

5b and 5c.

  The branches Sa, 5b, 5c have a thickness slightly less than the groove 13 of the basic elements 1, 1 ′ so that the branches 5a, 5b, 5c are inserted in the grooves 13 so as to assemble the basic elements 1, 1 'on the node 5 as shown in Figure 10. The branches 5a, 5b, 5c have at their free end holes 16 corresponding to the holes 14 of the base elements 1, 1' for receiving fixing means. Then the remaining free end of the basic elements 1, 1 ′ is

assembled at the next node 5.

  The frame 10 according to the invention is entirely assembled in this way by assembling the basic elements 1, 1 ′ to nodes 5. A person who is not a person skilled in the construction trade can thus easily assemble his dwelling, since the basic elements as well as the nodes are delivered ready to assemble. Once the frame is fully assembled, the technical ducts for electrical installation, sanitary and heating are mounted in the channels 8 created. It is therefore no longer necessary to provide specific arrangements to integrate these

  sheaths or to make grooves in the walls which must subsequently be filled.

  The installation of technical ducts in the frame is done very quickly in a single intervention. Then, the skeleton is covered by an interior and exterior coating. Several choices of interior and exterior coating are possible. Of course you must respect the rules of the art of construction. The covering does not have to participate in the construction statics. The coatings are

  directly mounted on the skeleton. No battening is necessary.

  Finally, the empty spaces created inside the skeleton are filled with insulating materials such as cellulose by the blowing technique. The various basic elements of the structure hold the cellulose in place. There is no longer a tedious operation to fill the hollow elements. All the technical ducts of the electrical and sanitary installations are optimally insulated thanks to the presence of cellulose which surrounds them perfectly. In addition, they are

  sufficiently distant from the surface coating to be well protected.

  Thanks to this construction, the house obtained is characterized by very low energy consumption. In the future, a computer will be able to manage the distribution of

energy within the home.

  Such a frame is self-supporting and has great stability. It is in particular earthquake resistant and resists cyclones. It also exhibits very good behavior for the distribution of forces. This allows, as in a reinforced concrete construction, to make openings in walls, ceilings and roofs. In the event of failure of a basic element, the forces are distributed over the

neighboring basic elements.

  As the three-dimensional network which constitutes it forms a single piece and there is no separation between the main parts, there are no problems of assembly, insulation, expansion or cracks, problems that is frequently encountered in traditional constructions. In addition, there is no need to change

  materials or construction techniques between floors, walls, ceilings and roofs.

  The basic and reinforcement elements used have a small section compared to the beams traditionally used. This brings in particular the advantages of eliminating woodworking. The dimensions therefore do not vary. In addition, the basic elements being short and of small sections, it is therefore easy to obtain elements devoid of any defect (knot, crack, etc.). The elements are therefore of first quality. Nominal stresses are therefore 15% higher

  compared to second choice items.

  On the other hand, the low number of basic elements (elements making up the cross,

  simple basic element, knot) are made in advance and delivered upon order.

  All the parts being simple, the assembly of the network can be done by hand

of unqualified work.

  The frame according to the invention is preferably made of wood, such as fir or beech. It is a light construction (about 10 kg / m2) because it only consumes 5% of wood. It can therefore be easily transported, for example by helicopter, to be placed in inaccessible places. Likewise, the parts being loaded and delivered on pallets, all of the parts before assembly are few

  bulky compared to traditional constructions.

  Finally, the three-dimensional network created also serving as the basis for the various installations (sanitary, electrical, etc.), this has the advantage of allowing the installation of various technical sheaths and cables within this network itself. This work

  can be done in one intervention.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art. In particular, this type of three-dimensional construction can be used to make only a few construction elements or platforms, as shown in FIG.

Claims (9)

Claims   1. Framework (10), in particular for the construction of a building, defining the skeleton of different main parts of said building, such as a floor (2), walls (3), a ceiling and a roof (17), characterized in that the skeleton of at least one of said main parts consists of several basic elements (1, 1 ') of identical section assembled by means of nodes (5) so as to form a three-dimensional network.   2. Frame according to claim 1, characterized in that all the parts   principal (2, 3, 17) belong to the same three-dimensional network.   3. Frame according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   that the basic elements (1) are arranged so as to form channels (8) for the passage of technical ducts.   4. Frame according to claim 3, characterized in that said channels (8) have a   prismatic shape of triangular section and have parallel directions.   5. Frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of the elements of base (1, 1 ') is square.   6. Frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic elements (1.   1 ') have at each of their ends a longitudinal groove (13).   7. Frame according to claim 6, characterized in that said node (5) consists of as many branches (Sa, 5b, 5c) as basic elements (1, 1 ') to be assembled by means of said node ( 5), said branches (Sa, 5b. 5c) being arranged for   fit into the grooves (13) provided on the base elements (1, 1 ').   8. Framework according to claim 7, characterized in that the branches (Sa, 5b, 5c) of the node (5) and the basic elements (1, 1 ') have corresponding holes (14,   16) to receive fixing means.   9. Frame according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   that the empty spaces created inside the skeleton are filled with insulating materials.