ES2964421A1 - UNION KNOT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Connection knot (300) for the construction of structures, comprising at least one connection element (100), a plurality of bars (3) joined to the connection element (100), and at least one link piece (111, 17-18) to immobilize each bar (3) attached to the connection element (100), the connection element comprising a disc (1) provided with windows (2) arranged in respective radial positions, to immobilize in at least one of the windows (2) a bar (3) by means of at least one link piece (11, 17-18) and a connection body (5) emerging from an end part (4). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

UNION KNOT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES

TECHNIQUE SECTOR

The present invention belongs to the sector of the construction of spatial, flat and monolayer structures, the latter characterized by having concave or convex curvature - geodesic dome - or double curvature - gridshell structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wood is one of the most historically used construction materials for thousands of years. Traditionally it has been used in the construction of simple buildings such as wooden cabins and in sophisticated buildings such as Shinto temples, through buildings such as granaries, stables, warehouses, etc. or parts of buildings such as roofs.

Products made with wood have a very low and sometimes even negative carbon footprint, since the raw material from which they are composed has not only not emitted greenhouse gases in its production, but has absorbed them, counteracting the gases that will be issued in the following processes. The reduction or even elimination of them in joints that include metal or plastic parts represents a significant reduction in the carbon footprint and environmental impact of the wooden structure.

Although traditionally there have been and still are wooden constructions in which the wooden pieces are joined exclusively with wooden elements, in recent years joining systems composed of metal elements for wooden buildings have been increasingly implemented. Although the incorporation of these joining systems composed of metal elements has allowed the faster and more solid construction of wooden buildings, as well as the substitution of other materials that are more burdensome for the environment, the manufacture of metal parts (iron or steel) consumes a large amount of energy in its production, generating high CO<2>emissions and causing global warming and its consequences to be triggered more quickly.

Modular structures made up of support bars, for example, made of wood, connected to each other by tie knots, usually metal, are used for temporary or permanent constructions for various uses, such as, for example, roofs, tents or closures. ceiling. Modular structures can form simple surfaces, such as flat or uniformly curved structures, or more complex surfaces, such as those provided with various edges and/or variable curvatures. When dealing with curved surfaces or more complex surfaces, the joints must allow the support bars to be connected to each other at one or more variable angles. Such modular structures with metal connecting nodes and wooden bars have been disclosed, for example, for a spatial structure or meshes for a building (https://www.forum-holzbau.com/pdf/ihf11 estevez.pdf) and for single-layer structures in the form of a geodesic dome (https://domosgeodesicos.es/conector-metalico-domosgeodesicos/). Although these modular structures with wooden bars allow the use of wood as a construction material, their joining knots require a large amount of metal both for the manufacture of the joining knots themselves and for fixing the wooden bars to the union knots.

To avoid the use of metal, spatial structures have been developed that use wooden joining knots (https://constanzamagdalena.wordpress.com/2012/12/28/fabricacion-deestructura-estereometrica-con-nodos-de-madera- plywood-and-tubos-de-emergencia/) and monolayer structures (https://eau.com.co/portafolio/refugio-de-emergencia/ and https://thisisblackrockcity.blogspot.com/2012/09/5- golden-rebars2). However, these joining knots present the problems of only being able to result in flimsy and/or excessively simple structures, and of not allowing the obtaining of a sufficient variety of configurations to constitute a real alternative to metallic joining knots and that is susceptible to of competitive industrialization against them.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One or more of the problems of the solutions of the state of the art are solved with the present invention.

In this report the following terms are used:

Connecting element: The one formed by a connecting disc (to constitute flat or monolayer systems), or the one composed of this disc complemented by semicircular plates (to give rise to spatial systems).

These connection elements have perforations to attach the union systems.

Union system: The set consisting of a bar and one or two link pieces.

Connection knot: The set formed by a connection element, the bars that are coupled in the holes made in it and the linking pieces by which the bars are immobilized in the aforementioned connection element.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a connecting knot for the construction of structures that comprises at least one connecting element, at least one bar joined to the connecting element, and at least at least one linking piece to immobilize each joined bar. to the connecting element, where

the connecting element comprises radial windows (preferably quadrangular or rectangular);

at least one of the bars comprises an end part from which a connecting body emerges with a free end that passes through one of the windows;

The end part of the bar is configured to be immobilized in the window passed through the connecting body, by means of at least one link piece connected to the end part of the bar.

Preferably, the connecting element comprises a disc.

In one embodiment of the invention, the connecting element comprises at least one first upper semicircular plate and at least one first lower semicircular plate, each first semicircular plate comprising a straight edge and a semicircular edge, the first upper semicircular plate being coupled to the first lower semicircular plate by means of tabs provided on the straight edge of the first lower semicircular plate that pass through two diagonally opposite windows of the disc and that fit into respective complementary notches in the straight edge of the first upper semicircular plate. Similarly, the flanges may be included in the straight edge of the first upper semicircular plate and the recesses in the straight edge of the first lower semicircular plate. Each first semicircular plate comprises a plurality of windows analogous in shape and arrangement to the windows of the disk.

The disc may comprise a central opening in the shape of a cross, through which a central flange of the lower semicircular plate penetrates and engages in a complementary recess of the upper semicircular plate.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the connecting node each of the first lower semicircular plates comprises an intermediate window provided with a first radial slot perpendicular to the straight edge of the respective semicircular plate and open towards the semicircular edge of the first plate. semicircular. In this embodiment of the invention, the connecting node comprises at least one second upper semicircular plate and at least one second lower semicircular plate, coupled together by means of second tabs. The second flanges are provided on the straight edge of the second lower semicircular plate, which pass through two windows diagonally opposite each other of the disc and which fit into respective complementary second recesses in a straight edge of the second upper semicircular plate. Each second semicircular plate comprises a straight edge and a semicircular edge. Each second semicircular plate comprises a plurality of windows analogous in shape and arrangement to the windows of the disc, and the straight edge of the second upper semicircular plate comprises an intermediate complementary recess extending radially into a central through groove that radially penetrates the body of the upper second semicircular plate from the straight edge of the second semicircular plate. The central groove of the second upper semicircular plate and the radial groove of the first upper semicircular plate are dimensioned such that the central groove and the radial groove embrace respective surfaces of the body of the respective other upper semicircular plate. For its part, the second lower semicircular plate comprises a second central flange composed of two projections separated from each other by an intermediate recess that penetrates the body of the second lower semicircular plate from the straight edge towards the semicircular edge of the second lower semicircular plate , and the intermediate recess of the second lower semicircular plate and the radial groove of the first lower semicircular plate are dimensioned so that the intermediate recess and the radial groove embrace respective surfaces of the body of the respective other lower semicircular plate.

In this preferred embodiment of the invention, the intermediate window of each of the upper and lower semicircular plates may be centered on a radius perpendicular to the straight edge of the upper and lower semicircular plates, while the radial groove of the intermediate window of each The first semicircular plate arises in a central position of the outer edge of the intermediate window and extends along said radius. Alternatively, the intermediate window of each of the upper and lower semicircular plates may be laterally offset from a radius perpendicular to the straight edge of the upper and lower semicircular plates, while the radial groove of the intermediate window of each first semicircular plate originates at a lateral side of the outer edge of the window and extends along said radius.

At the joint node, the two diagonally opposite windows of the disc may each comprise a lateral groove extending across the diameter of the disc from a lateral side of the window towards the center of the disc. Each of the windows is arranged on one side of the corresponding side slot.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the connecting node the connecting element comprises a disc provided with windows of preferably rectangular section; and each bar comprises an end part with a free end from which a lower connection body emerges vertically, the end part presenting an axial recess neighboring the connection body. According to this preferred embodiment, the connection body comprises a distal wall into which a first axial recess opens that extends axially into an intermediate part of a first vertical wall that axially delimits the axial recess, and the distal end part of the bar. It is provided with a first transverse recess adjacent to a transverse side of the connecting body and transverse with respect to the first vertical wall, and crosses the first axial recess. The link piece comprises an angular body and a pair of legs. The angular body comprises a main body and a cantilever step sized to fit into the first axial recess of the connecting body. The legs of each pair of legs emerge from the angular body opposite to the main body of the angular body and are separated from each other by an intermediate space. Furthermore, the pair of legs is sized to fit into the first transverse recess of the distal end portion of the bar. The legs have free ends that are widened and sized to protrude from the sides of the first transverse recess, contacting the side of the end part of the bar opposite to the axial recess.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, each bar comprises a distal end portion axially emerging from a vertical transverse wall of the bar and with a free end. The end part comprises a lower surface that is flush with the lower surface of the bar and an upper face that is lowered with respect to the upper surface of the bar, as well as a proximal section adjacent to the vertical transverse wall of the bar and that has a first plateau. , as well as a distal section with a second plateau and in which the free end of the extreme part is located. The proximal section has two vertical recesses transversely opposite and adjacent to the vertical transverse wall of the bar, the vertical recesses comprising respective vertical walls. The first plateau is located at a height lower than the height of the top surface of the bar, and the second plateau is located at a height lower than the first plateau. A connecting body emerges vertically from the second plateau having a height at least equal to the height of the upper surface of the bar and a width less than the width of the second plateau. The connecting body has a transverse recess opposite the vertical transverse wall of the bar and located at a height higher than the height of the first plateau.

According to this other preferred embodiment, the connecting knot further comprises a first link piece and a second link piece. The second link piece comprises a proximal surface, a horizontal projection and a distal recess. The proximal surface faces the vertical transverse wall of the bar. The second link piece further comprises a distal surface axially opposite the proximal surface, a bottom surface, and a top surface. The horizontal projection emerges axially from a lower part of the proximal surface and has an upper surface that is recessed with respect to the upper surface of the second link piece and a lower surface that is flush with the lower surface of the second link piece, as well as a proximal surface. The horizontal projection has a width in a transverse direction such that its side walls are vertically flush with the vertical walls of the proximal section of the end part of the bar. In turn, the vertical distal recess is provided on the distal surface and defined between two vertical projections of the second link piece and sized to embrace at least a proximal portion of the connecting body of the end portion of the rod. The second link piece is dimensioned so that its lower surface and the lower surface of the horizontal projection respectively rest at least partially on the first plateau and so that its proximal surface is in contact with the wall.

Also according to the third preferred embodiment, the first connecting piece comprises two lower vertical wings joined by a horizontal bridge and a vertical recess defined between the vertical wings and the horizontal bridge. The vertical wings comprise respective end parts oriented towards each other and with facing free edges that define an entrance passage between them. The vertical casting is sized so that the vertical wings embrace the respective side walls of the second link piece and the vertical walls of the vertical recesses of the proximal section of the end portion of the bar, and so that the end portions of the vertical wings contact opposite stripes of the lower surface of said proximal section.

According to this preferred embodiment, the connecting body may comprise two vertical projecting parts separated by a blind axial recess open upwards and closed below by a support wall, the blind axial recess extending axially at least along the distal section of the end part. of the bar. In turn, the distal recess of the second link piece may comprise a complementary vertical recess extending in an axial direction from an open intermediate portion of a vertical wall of the axial recess. On the other hand, in this case the blind axial recess and the complementary vertical recess are sized so that they have equal horizontal sections, an area in which the blind axial recess and the complementary vertical recess coincide.

Preferably, in any of the previously described embodiments, the joining knot is entirely made of wood.

The incorporation of CAD/CAM technology in architecture has meant valuing "wood-wood" joints, using assembly techniques that fell into disuse because they were not compatible with the philosophy of wood construction today, in which prioritizes the industrialization of meetings through the use of mechanical unions.

The present invention involves a contribution to a "return to the origins" by reinterpreting these "wood-wood" joints through their digital design and production with affordable means and easy access to the community, such as a 3-axis CNC milling machine. . This technology applied to wood allows the industrialization of the joints, making not only the use of this system highly competitive today but, above all, much more respectful of the environment by eliminating the use of metal in the joints. .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with examples of practical embodiments thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of the description in which, with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 shows a top perspective view of a first embodiment of the connecting element - just a connecting disc - for a connecting node of a first flat system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 shows a top perspective view of a second embodiment of the connecting element - just a connecting disc - for a connecting node of a second flat system, or of a first or second single-layer system according to another embodiment of the invention. .

Figure 3 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a third embodiment of a connection element that comprises a connecting disc similar to that of Figure 1, modified by a cross perforation in the center that allows the coupling of two upper semicircular plates. and two lower ones, and by the increase of two windows added to the existing six (eight in total) for each disk or sum of two complementary semicircular plates - the shape of the windows is analogous to those of the union disk in figure 1- for a first space system according to an embodiment of the invention. The assembly of the connecting knot assembly is produced by clicking between the tabs and notches made on the straight edges of the last two semicircular plates to be placed - a lower one and its complementary upper one, respectively.

Figure 4 shows a top perspective view of the third embodiment of the connection element for the first space system according to Figure 3.

Figure 5 shows a top perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the connection element for a first spatial system, similar to that shown in Figure 4, with the difference that the last lower semicircular plate to be placed and its complementary upper The tabs and notches made on their straight edges are modified, respectively, to allow assembly of the connecting knot assembly by twisting.

Figure 6 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a fifth embodiment of a connection element that comprises the connecting disc similar to that of Figure 2 modified by a cross perforation in the center that allows the coupling of two upper semicircular plates and two lower ones, and by the increase of two windows added to the existing six (eight in total) for each disc or sum of two complementary semicircular plates - the shape of the windows is analogous to those of the union disc in figure 2 for a second space system according to an embodiment of the invention. The assembly of the connecting knot assembly is produced by clicking between the tabs and notches made on the straight edges of the last two semicircular plates to be placed - a lower one and its complementary upper one, respectively.

Figure 7 shows a top perspective view of the fifth embodiment of the connection element for the second space system according to Figure 6.

Figure 8 shows a top perspective view of the sixth embodiment of the connection element for a second spatial system, similar to that shown in Figure 7, with the difference that the last lower semicircular plate to be placed and its complementary upper The tabs and notches made on their straight edges are modified, respectively, to allow assembly of the connecting knot assembly by twisting.

Figure 9 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a first connection system composed of a bar and two link pieces, to be coupled to the connection disc of Figure 1 (first embodiment of the connection element) for the first flat system (first embodiment of the connecting knot) -illustrated in figures 21,22 and 23-, or to be coupled to the connecting element of figures 3,4 and 5 for a first spatial system (third embodiment of the connecting knot) -illustrated in figures 27 and 28-.

Figure 10 shows a top perspective of a first connection system shown in Figure 9 with the two link pieces coupled to the bar, for the first flat system (first embodiment of the connection knot) - illustrated in Figures 21, 22 and 23- or for a first spatial system (third embodiment of the joining knot) -illustrated in figures 27 and 28-.

Figure 11 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a second connection system composed of a bar and two link pieces, to be coupled to the connection element of Figures 3, 4 and 5, for a first spatial system (third embodiment of the connecting knot) -illustrated in figures 27 and 28-.

Figure 12 shows a top perspective view of a second connection system shown in Figure 11 with the two link pieces coupled to the bar for a first spatial system (third embodiment of the connection knot) - illustrated in Figures 27 and 28-.

Figure 13 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a third connection system, with a bar and a link piece, to be coupled to the connection disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connection element) for a second flat system (second embodiment of the connecting knot) -illustrated in figures 24, 25 and 26-, or to be coupled to the connecting element of figures 6,7 and 8 for a second spatial system (fourth embodiment of the connecting knot) -illustrated in figures 29 and 30-.

Figure 14 shows a top perspective of a third connection system shown in Figure 13, with the link piece coupled to the bar, for a second flat system (second embodiment of the connection knot) - illustrated in Figures 24, 25 and 26-, or for a second spatial system (fourth embodiment of the union knot) -illustrated in figures 29 and 30-.

Figure 15 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a fourth connection system, with a bar and a link piece, to be coupled to the connection element of Figures 6, 7 and 8 for a second spatial system (fourth embodiment of the union knot) -illustrated in figures 29 and 30-.

Figure 16 shows a top perspective of a fourth connection system shown in Figure 15, with the link piece coupled to the bar, for a second spatial system (fourth embodiment of the connection knot) - illustrated in Figures 29 and 30 -.

Figure 17 shows an exploded view in top perspective of the fifth connection system, with a bar and a link piece, to be coupled to the connection disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connection element) for a first single-layer system - convexofifth realization of the joining knot) -illustrated in figures 31, 32 and 33.

Figure 18 shows a top perspective view of the fifth connection system shown in Figure 17, with the link piece coupled to the bar, for a first single-layer -convex- system (fifth embodiment of the connection knot) -illustrated in the figures 31, 32 and 33.

Figure 19 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a sixth connection system, with a bar and a link piece, to be coupled to the connection disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connection element) for a second single-layer system -concave- (sixth embodiment of the joining knot) -illustrated in figures 34, 35 and 36.

Figure 20 shows a top perspective view of the sixth joining system, shown in Figure 19, with the link piece coupled to the bar, for a second single-layer -concave- system (sixth embodiment of the joining knot) -illustrated in Figures 34, 35 and 36.

Figure 20A shows another perspective view of the bar of the connection system embodiment shown in Figures 19 and 20, the second single-layer system -concave- (sixth embodiment of the connection knot) -illustrated in Figures 34, 35 and 36.

Figure 21 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a first embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 1 (first embodiment of the connecting element) to which a bar is attached that is fixed to the connecting element by means of two connecting pieces according to a first joining system - illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 -, to create a first flat system.

Figure 22 shows a top view of a first embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 1 (first embodiment of the connecting element) to which several bars are attached that are fixed to said connecting disc through two link pieces for each bar according to a first joining system - illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 - to create a first flat system.

Figure 23 shows a lower perspective view of the first embodiment of the connecting knot for the realization of a first flat system according to Figures 21 and 22.

Figure 24 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a second embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which a bar is attached that is fixed to the connecting element. by means of a linking piece according to a third joining system - illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 -, to create a second flat system.

Figure 25 shows a top view of a second embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which several bars are attached that are fixed to said connecting disc through respective linking pieces according to a third joining system - illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 - for the realization of a second flat system.

Figure 26 shows a lower perspective view of the second embodiment of the connecting knot for the realization of a second flat system according to Figures 24 and 25.

Figure 27 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a third embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connection element of Figures 3, 4 and 5, to which two bars are attached, one of which is fixed to the connection element. connection through two link pieces according to a first connection system -illustrated in figures 9 and 10-, and the other is fixed to the connection element through two link pieces according to a second connection system -illustrated in figures 11 and 12 -, for the realization of a first spatial system.

Figure 28 shows a top perspective view of a third embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting element of Figures 3, 4 and 5, to which several bars are attached that are fixed to the connecting element through two linking pieces for each bar by means of a first connection system -illustrated in Figures 9 and 10- and a second connection system -illustrated in Figures 11 and 12-, to create a first spatial system.

Figure 29 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a fourth embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting element of Figures 6, 7 and 8, to which two bars are attached, one of which is fixed to the connecting element. connection through two link pieces using a third connection system -illustrated in Figures 13 and 14-, and the other is fixed to the connection element through two link pieces using a fourth connection system -illustrated in figures 15 and 16 -, for the realization of a second spatial system.

Figure 30 shows a top perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting element of Figures 6, 7 and 8, to which several bars are attached that are fixed to the connecting element through paths. linking pieces by means of a third joining system -illustrated in Figures 13 and 14- and a fourth joining system -illustrated in Figures 15 and 16-, for the realization of a second spatial system.

Figure 31 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a fifth embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which a bar is attached that is fixed to the connecting element by means of a linking piece according to a fifth joining system -illustrated in Figures 17 and 18-, for the realization of a first -convex- single-layer system.

Figure 32 shows a side view of a fifth embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which several bars are attached that are fixed to said connecting disc through of respective linking pieces according to a fifth joining system -illustrated in Figures 17 and 18- for the realization of a first -convex- single-layer system.

Figure 33 shows a lower perspective view of the fifth embodiment of the joining knot for the realization of a first single-layer (convex) system according to Figures 31 and 32.

Figure 34 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a sixth embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which a bar is attached that is fixed to the connecting element by means of a linking piece according to a sixth joining system -illustrated in Figures 19 and 20-, for the realization of a second single-layer -concave- system.

Figure 35 shows a side view of a sixth embodiment of the connecting knot that comprises the connecting disc of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which several bars are attached that are fixed to said connecting disc through respective linking pieces according to a sixth joining system -illustrated in figures 19 and 20- for the realization of a second single-layer -concave- system.

Figure 36 shows a lower perspective view of the sixth embodiment of the connecting knot for the creation of a second monolayer (concave) according to Figures 34 and 35.

In these figures reference signs appear that identify the elements mentioned below:

To rotation axis

P1 closeup

P2 background

100 connection element

200 joining system

300 binding knot

1 disc

2 window

2nd first radial groove

3 bar

3rd vertical transverse wall

3b top surface

3c bottom surface

4 distal end part

4th proximal section

4b distal section

4c bottom surface

4d junction bridge

5 connection body

5th vertical projection part

5b blind axial recess

5c support wall

5d extreme free

6 axial emptying

7 distal wall

8 first axial recess

9 first vertical wall

10 first transverse starter

11 piece link

12 angular body

12th step

12b main body

13 leg

13a flared free end

13b intermediate space

13c complementary horizontal incoming

14 first plateau

15 second plateau

16 vertical inlet

16th vertical wall

17 first link piece

18 second link piece

18th proximal surface

18b distal side

18c bottom surface

18d top surface

18e vertical projections

19 horizontal projection

19th upper surface

19b proximal surface

19c bottom surface of horizontal projection 19d side wall

20 distal recess

20a complementary vertical recess

20b vertical rear wall

20c horizontal step

21 vertical wings

22 horizontal bridge

23 vertical emptying

23rd entry step

24 final parts

24a free edges

25 first upper semicircular plate

26 first lower semicircular plate.

27 first tab

28 complementary cutout

28th first side notch

29 central opening

30 second upper semicircular plate 31 second lower semicircular plate 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d second flange

32e intermediate space

33 second complementary notch 33a second side notch

34 central through slot

35 intermediate starter

36 side slot

37 intermediate cutout

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The elements that make up the joining knot (300) described below are entirely made of wood.

Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments of a connection element (100) that comprises a disc (1) provided with windows (2) arranged in respective radial positions and of substantially rectangular section. In at least one of the windows (2) of the disc (1) a connecting body (5) that forms an integral part can be immobilized, by means of at least one link piece (11, 17, 18 - figures 9-20). of a free end part (4) of a bar (3), and/or semicircular plates (25, 26, 30, 31) comprising windows (2) analogous to the windows (2) can be immobilized (figures 3-8). ) of the disc (1), in which a bar (3) is immobilized by at least the linking piece (11, 17, 18 - figures 9 - 20).

In the first embodiment of the disk (1) shown in Figure 1, the rectangular windows (2) of the disk (1) are arranged so that their longest sides extend along radii of the disk (1), while In the second embodiment of the disc (1) shown in Figure 2, the rectangular windows (2) of the disc (1) are arranged so that their respective longest sides are orthogonal to respective radii of the disc (1). As can be seen, the windows (2) of the discs (1) of the joining systems (100) shown in figures 3, 4, 5, 21, and 27, correspond to the first embodiment of the disc (1) shown in figure 1. The windows (2) of the discs (1) shown in figures 6, 7 and 8 correspond to a variant of the disc (1) of figure 2 but two pairs of the windows (2) diagonally opposite are modified. In turn, the discs (1) shown in figures 24, 29, 31, 34 correspond to the second embodiment of the disc (1) shown in figure 2.

In Figures 3-8 and 27-30, the connecting element (100) comprises a disc (1) and semicircular plates (25, 26, 30, 31). The disc (1) is provided with radial windows (2) of rectangular section. The semicircular plates (25, 26, 30, 31) comprise a first upper semicircular plate (25) and a first lower semicircular plate (26). Each first semicircular plate (25, 26) comprises a straight edge and a semicircular edge. The upper first semicircular plate (25) is coupled to the lower first semicircular plate (26) by means of tabs (27) provided on the straight edge of the lower first semicircular plate (26) that pass through two diagonally opposite windows (2) of the disc ( 1) and which fit the first upper semicircular plate (25) into respective complementary notches (28) on the straight edge. On the straight edge of the lower first semicircular plate (26) there are also complementary notches (28) that are deeper than the complementary notches (28) in the upper first semicircular plate (25) since they must accommodate the body of the disc ( 1).

Each first semicircular plate (25, 26) comprises a plurality of windows (2) analogous to the windows (2) of the first embodiment of the disk (1) shown in Figure 1 or analogous to the windows (2) of the second embodiment of the disc (1) shown in Figure 2. The disc (1) shown in Figures 3-8 and 27-30 only differs from the disc (1) shown in Figures 1 and 2 in that it also comprises a central opening ( 29) in the shape of a cross, crossed by a first central tab (27) of the first lower semicircular plate (26) that fits into a complementary notch (28) of the first upper semicircular plate (25), and a second tab (32c , 32d) central composed of two projections of a second lower semicircular plate (31) that fit into a complementary central notch (33) of the second upper semicircular plate (30).

Each of the first semicircular plates (25, 26) comprises an intermediate window (2) provided with a first radial slot (2a) perpendicular to the straight edge of the respective first semicircular plate (25, 26) and open towards the semicircular edge of the first semicircular plate (25, 26).

The connection system (100) further comprises a second upper semicircular plate (30) and a second lower semicircular plate (31) coupled together by means of second tabs (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d) provided on the straight edge of the second lower semicircular plate (31) that passes through two windows (2) diagonally opposite each other, of the disc (1) and fit into respective second complementary notches (33) in a straight edge of the second upper semicircular plate (30). The second tabs (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d) comprise respective second pairs (32a, 32b) of tabs separated by respective intermediate spaces (32e). In turn, the second complementary notches (33) on the straight edge of the lower second semicircular plate (31) are deeper than the second complementary notches (33) in the upper second semicircular plate (30) since they must house the body. of the disk (1). One of the second flanges (32b) of the second pairs of flanges (32a, 32b) is thinner than the other flange (32a), which allows its deformation towards the intermediate space (32e) when the second pair of second flanges ( 32a, 32b) is inserted into the corresponding second complementary notch (33).

Each second semicircular plate (30, 31) comprises a straight edge and a semicircular edge, as well as a plurality of windows (2) analogous to the windows (2) of the disk (1).

The lengths of the bars (3) are shown in the drawings only as an example since their actual lengths obviously vary depending on the structure in which the bars (3) are used.

The straight edge of the second upper semicircular plate (30) comprises a complementary intermediate notch (33) that extends radially into a central through groove (34) that radially penetrates the body of the second upper semicircular plate (30) from the edge straight of the second upper semicircular plate (30). The central groove (34) of the second upper semicircular plate (30) and the radial groove (2a) of the first upper semicircular plate (25) are dimensioned so that the through central groove (34) and the radial groove (2a) They embrace respective surfaces of the body of the respective other upper semicircular plate (25, 30). The second lower semicircular plate (31) comprises a second central flange (32c, 32d) composed of two projections separated from each other by an intermediate recess (35). which penetrates the body of the second lower semicircular plate (31) from the straight edge of the second lower semicircular plate (31). In turn, the intermediate recess (35) of the second lower semicircular plate (31) and the radial groove (2a) of the first lower semicircular plate (26) are sized so that the intermediate recess (35) and the radial groove (2a) embrace respective surfaces of the body of the respective other lower semicircular plate (26, 31).

In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the intermediate window (2) of each of the first upper semicircular plates (25) and lower (26) is centered on a radius perpendicular to the straight edges of the upper semicircular plates ( 25) and lower (26), and the radial groove (2a) of the intermediate window (2) of each first semicircular plate (25) arises in a central position of the outer edge of the intermediate window (2) and extends along it. along said radius until it ends at the semicircular edge of the respective first semicircular plate (25, 26).

The semicircular edges of the second semicircular plates (30, 31) are provided with intermediate notches (37) whose function will be described later.

Figure 3 shows an exploded view in top perspective of a third embodiment of a connection element (100) that comprises a connecting disc (1) similar to that of Figure 1, modified by a cross perforation (29) in the center which allows the coupling of two upper semicircular plates (25, 30) and two lower semicircular plates (26, 31), and by the increase of two windows (2) added to the existing six (eight in total) for each disc or sum of two complementary semicircular plates - the shape of the windows is analogous to those of the connecting disk of Figure 1, for a first spatial system according to an embodiment of the invention. The assembly of the connecting knot assembly is produced by clicking between the tabs (32a, 32b) and notches (33), made on the straight edges of the second semicircular plates (30, 31) to be placed, namely, the plate lower semicircular plate (31) and its complementary upper semicircular plate (30, respectively. On the other hand, figure 4 shows a top perspective view of the third embodiment of the connection element (100) for the first spatial system according to figure 3 .

Figure 5 shows a top perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the connection element (100) for a first spatial system, similar to that shown in Figure 4, with the difference that the second lower semicircular plate (31) to be placed and its complementary second upper semicircular plate (30) have had the tabs (27) and notches (28) made on their straight edges modified, respectively, to allow assembly of the connecting knot assembly by means of a twist.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8, the intermediate window (2) of each of the upper (25) and lower (26) semicircular plates is laterally offset with respect to a radius perpendicular to the straight edge of the plates. upper (25) and lower (26) semicircular plates, and the radial groove (2a) of the intermediate window (2) of each first semicircular plate (25) originates on a lateral side of the outer edge of the window (2) and extends along said radius. In turn, the disc (1) comprises two pairs of diagonally opposite windows (2) located in correspondence with respective diametrical lines that intersect orthogonally in the central opening (29) of the disc (1). The diametral line of each window (2) coincides with one of the arms of the cross formed by the central opening (29), and the two windows (2) of each pair of windows comprise respective lateral slots (36) through, being positioned a lateral slot (36) on an opposite side of the respective window (2) with respect to the other. Each lateral slot (36) extends by the diameter of the disc (1) from a lateral side of the window (2) towards the center of the disc (1), and the windows (2) of each pair of windows (2) are arranged on opposite sides of the diameter of the disc (1).

As can be seen in Figures 3 - 8, the first semicircular plates (25, 26) each comprise a pair of first lateral notches (28a), while the second pairs of second lateral notches (33a). The pairs of first lateral notches (28a) are vertically aligned with each other when the first semicircular plates (25, 26) are assembled with each other and on the disc (1), while the pairs of second lateral notches (33a) are vertically facing each other. with each other when the second semicircular plates (30, 31) are assembled with each other and on the disc (1).

In this regard, Figure 8 shows the connecting element assembly (100) formed by the disc (1) and the semicircular plates (25, 26, 30, 31) before it has been completely assembled by rotating the first semicircular plate (25) to the left in the direction of the arrow around the axis of rotation (A), while Figure 5 shows the connecting element assembly (100) formed by the disc (1) and the semicircular plates (25 , 26, 30, 31) before it has been completely assembled by rotating the first semicircular plate (30) to the right in the direction of the arrow around the axis of rotation (A).

In the embodiments of the connection system (200) shown in Figures 13-20, 20A, the distal end part (4) of the bar (3) comprises a horizontal connection bridge (4d) from which the body emerges below. connection (5). The connecting body (5) comprises a distal end wall (7) at the end of which is the free end (5d) of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3). The axial recess (6) is adjacent to the horizontal connecting bridge (4d) of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3). The connection body (5) is sized to fit into one of the windows (2) of the disc (1).

Below the connecting bridge (4d) of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3), between the connection body (5) and the body of the bar (3), there is a first transverse recess (10) . open at both ends, which crosses transversely the free end part (4) and whose inner end opens into the axial recess (6). In this way, the axial recess (6) is delimited superiorly by the connecting bridge (4d) of the distal end part (4) and by a first vertical wall (9), facing the axial recess (6), and which is extends axially in the distal end part (4) of the bar (3). The first transverse recess (10) passes through the vertical wall (9). A first axial recess (8) is provided in at least one section of the vertical wall (9).

In the embodiments of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3) shown in Figures 13-14,17-20A, the first axial recess (8) also extends into the sections of the vertical wall (9). which are located under the connecting bridge (4d) of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3) and in the connection body (5), while in the embodiment of the distal end part (4) shown in Figures 15-16, the first axial recess (8) only extends along a section of the vertical wall (9) that is located under the connecting bridge (4d) of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3). .

In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 13-20A, the connecting piece (11) comprises an angular body (12) comprising a step (12a) cantilevered and sized to fit into the first axial recess (8) of the connecting body (5). The angular body (12) also comprises a main body (12b) from which the step (12a) emerges. In the embodiments of the link piece (1) of Figures 13-14, 17-20A, the step (12a) extends along the entire main body (12b) of the angular body (12), while, In the embodiment of Figures 15-16, the step (12a) is only sized to fit into the first axial recess (8) of the section of the vertical wall (9) that is located under the connecting bridge (4d) of the part. distal end (4) of the bar (3).

Likewise, in the embodiment of Figures 15, 16, the horizontal connecting bridge (4d) connects only an upper transverse section of the connecting body (5) so that the connecting bridge (4d) does not occupy any part of the first vertical wall (9). Furthermore, the legs (13) of the link piece (11) have different shapes, insofar as the leg (13) that is positioned adjacent to the connection body (5) when the link piece (11) is coupled in The first transverse recess (10) is thicker than the other leg (13).

The angular body (12) comprises a pair of legs (13) that emerge from the main body (12b) in the same direction as the step (12a) and that are separated from each other by an intermediate space (13b), as well as dimensioned and designed to fit into the first transverse recess (10) of the connection body (5). The legs (13) have widened free ends (13a), sized to protrude from the sides of the first transverse recess (10) contacting one side of the end part (4) of the bar (3), opposite to the axial recess (6). ). The legs (13) are configured so that their widened free ends (13a) move slightly towards the intermediate space (13b) when they are inserted into the first transverse recess (10). One of the legs (13) comprises a horizontal recess (13c) intended to fit into the intermediate notches (37) of the second semicircular plates (30,31)

Figures 18, 20, 14 and 16 show that the joining systems (200) determine based on the angles between the horizontal planes (P1, P2) in which the bar (3) and the axial casting (6) extend respectively. , if a joining system (200) serves to form a convex, concave or flat system. Thus, in Figure 18 the first plane (P1) of the bar (3) and the second plane (P2) of the axial casting (6) intersect at an appropriate angle to form a convex system. In Figure 20, the plane P1 of the bar (3) and the plane (P2) of the axial casting (6) intersect at an appropriate angle to form a concave system, while in Figures 14, 16, the planes (P1 , P2) are parallel and do not form any angle, so they form a plane system.

In the embodiments of the joining system (200) shown in Figures 9-12, each bar (3) comprises an end part (4) axially emerging from a vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3) and comprising a free end (5d). The end part (4) has a lower surface (4c) that is flush with the lower surface (3c) of the bar (3), and an upper face that is lowered with respect to the upper surface (3b) of the bar (3). The end part (4) comprises a proximal section (4a) adjacent to the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3) and has a first plateau (14) as well as a distal section (4b) with a second plateau (15). ) and in which the free end (5d) of the extreme part (4) is located. The proximal section (4a) has two vertical recesses (16) transversely opposite and adjacent to the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3). The vertical recesses (16) comprise respective vertical walls (16a).

The first plateau (14) in the proximal section (4a) is at a height lower than the height of the upper surface (3b) of the bar (3), and the second plateau (15) is at a height lower than the first plateau (14). From the second plateau (15), a connecting body (5) emerges vertically, having a height at least equal to the height of the upper surface of the bar (3) and a width less than the width of the second plateau (15). . In turn, the connection body (5) has a transverse recess (10) opposite the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3) and located at a height higher than the height of the first plateau (14),

In the embodiment shown in Figures 9-12, the joining system (200) for the joining knot comprises a first link piece (17) and a second link piece (18).

The second link piece (18) comprises a proximal surface (18a), a horizontal projection (19), a vertical distal recess (20), a vertical proximal surface (18a) facing the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3), a distal side (18b) axially opposite the proximal surface (18a), a lower surface (18c) and an upper surface (18d). The horizontal projection (19) emerges axially from a lower part of the proximal surface (18a) and has an upper surface (19a) recessed with respect to the vertical upper surface (18d) of the second link piece (18), a surface lower surface (19c) that is flush with the lower surface (18c) of the second link piece (18), and with a vertical proximal surface (19b). The horizontal projection (19) has a width in a transverse direction such that its side walls (19d) are vertically flush with the vertical walls (16a) of the proximal section (4a) of the end part (4) of the bar (3). The vertical distal recess (20) is provided on the distal side (18b) and defined between two vertical projections (18e) of the second link piece (18). The vertical distal recess (20) is sized to embrace at least a proximal part of the connecting body (5) of the end part (4) of the bar (3). The second link piece (18) is sized so that its lower surface (18c) and the lower surface (19c) of the horizontal projection (19) respectively rest at least partially on the first plateau (14) and so that its proximal surface (18) 19b) butt against the vertical transverse wall (3a). The vertical distal recess (20) comprises a vertical wall (20b) with a horizontal step (20c) sized so that the first transverse recess (10) of the connecting body (5) fits between the horizontal step (20c) and the lower surface (18c) of the second link piece (18).

The first link piece (17) comprises two lower vertical wings (21) joined above by a horizontal bridge (22), and a vertical recess (23) defined between the vertical wings (21) and the horizontal bridge (22). The vertical wings (21) comprise respective end parts (24) oriented towards each other and with free edges (24a) facing each other that define an entrance passage (23a) between them. The vertical recess (23) is sized so that the vertical wings (21) embrace the respective side walls (19d) of the horizontal projection (19) of the second link piece (18) and the vertical walls (16a) of the vertical recesses (16) of the proximal section (4a) of the end part (4) of the bar (3), and so that the end parts (24a) of the vertical wings (21) contact opposite stripes of the lower surface (4c) of said proximal section (4a). The vertical wings (21) are configured to flex in opposite directions when the first link piece (17) is inserted onto the vertical walls (16a) of the proximal section (4a) of the end part (4) of the bar (3 ).

The embodiment illustrated in Figures 11-12 differs from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9-10 in that, according to what Figures 11-12 show, the connection body (5) comprises two vertical projecting parts (5a ) separated from each other by a blind axial recess (5b) open upwards and closed inferiorly by a support wall (5c) formed by the distal section (4b) of the distal end part (4). The blind axial recess (5b) divides the horizontal step (20c) in the vertical rear wall (20b) of the vertical distal recess (20) into two parts, and extends axially at least through the distal section (4b) of the end part (4) of the bar (3). It further differs in that the vertical distal recess (20) of the second link piece (18) comprises a complementary vertical recess (20a) that extends in an axial direction from an open intermediate part of a rear vertical wall (20b) of the recess. axial (20) and which is intended to fit into the intermediate recesses (37) of the second semicircular plates (30,31). The blind axial recess (5b) and the complementary vertical recess (20a) are sized so that as a whole they have a horizontal section equal to the horizontal section of the support wall (5c) formed by the distal section (4b) of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3).

Figures 21-36 show embodiments of connection nodes that comprise connection elements (1) and connection systems that have characteristics of the connection elements and connection systems previously described with reference to Figures 1-20 and 20A.

Thus, Figures 21-23 show a first embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connecting disc (1) of Figure 1 (first embodiment of the connecting element) as a connecting element to which a bar is attached. (3) (see figure 21) or several bars (3) (see figures 22, 23) that are fixed to the connection element (1). Each bar (3) is coupled to the connection disc (1) by means of two link pieces (17, 18) according to the first connection system (200) illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, for the realization of a first system flat.

Figures 24-26 show a second embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connecting disc (1) of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) as a connecting element to which a bar (3) is attached. ) (see figure 24) or several bars (3) (see figures 25, 26) that are fixed to the connection element (1). Each bar (3) is coupled to the connection disc (1) by means of a link piece (11) according to the third connection system (200) that is illustrated in Figures 13 and 14, to create a second flat system. .

Figures 27-28 show a third embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connection element (1) of Figures 3, 4 and 5, to which at least two bars (3) are attached. At least one of the bars (3) is fixed to the connecting element (1) through two link pieces (17, 18) by means of the first connection system (200) illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, and at least another bar (3) is fixed to the connection element (1) through two link pieces (17, 18) by means of the second connection system (200) illustrated in figures 11 and 12, for the realization of a first system space.

Figures 29-30 show a fourth embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connection element (1) of Figures 6, 7 and 8, to which at least two bars (3) are attached. At least one of the bars (3) is fixed to the connecting element (1) through a link piece (11) by means of the third connection system (200) illustrated in Figures 13 and 14, and at least another bar (3) is fixed to the connection element through a link piece (11) by means of the second connection system (200) illustrated in Figures 15 and 16, to create a second spatial system.

Figures 31-33 show a fifth embodiment of the connection node (300). Figure 31 shows an exploded view in top perspective of the fifth embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connecting disc (1) of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which a bar (1) is attached. 3) which is fixed to the connection element by means of a link piece (12) according to the fifth connection system (200) illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, for the realization of a first single-layer -convex- system. Figure 32 shows a side view of the fifth embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connecting disc (1) of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which several bars (3) are attached that They are fixed to said connecting disc (1) through respective linking pieces (11) according to the fifth joining system (200) illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, for the realization of a first single-layer -convex- system. Figure 33 shows a lower perspective view of the fifth embodiment of the joining knot (300) for the realization of the first single-layer (convex) system according to Figures 31 and 32.

Figures 34-36 show a sixth embodiment of the connection node (300). Figure 34 shows an exploded view in top perspective of the sixth embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connecting disc (1) of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which a bar (1) is attached. 3) which is fixed to the connection element (1) by means of the link piece (11) according to the sixth connection system (200) illustrated in Figures 19 and 20, for the realization of a second single-layer -concave- system. Figure 35 shows a side view of the sixth embodiment of the connecting knot (300) that comprises the connecting disc (1) of Figure 2 (second embodiment of the connecting element) to which several bars (3) are attached that They are fixed to said connecting disc (1) through respective link pieces (11) according to the sixth joining system (200) illustrated in Figures 17 and 18 for the realization of the second single-layer - concave - system. Figure 36 shows a lower perspective view of the sixth embodiment of the connecting knot (300) for the realization of the second concave monolayer) according to Figures 34 and 35.

In this text, the words first, second, third, etc. They have been used to describe different devices or elements; It should be considered that the devices or elements are not limited by these words since these words have only been used to distinguish one device or element from another. For example, the first device could have been named second device, and the second device could have been named first device without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. On the other hand, the terms lower, upper, transverse, axial, radial, etc. They have been used to describe the positions of the devices and elements based on the views that appear in the drawings that form an integral part of this memory, and these terms can be replaced by analogous terms based on other equivalent positions of the views.

In this text, the word "understands" and its variants (such as "understanding", etc.) should not be interpreted in an exclusive way, that is, they do not exclude the possibility that what is described includes other elements, steps, etc.

On the other hand, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments that have been described but also encompasses, for example, the variants that can be carried out by the average person skilled in the art (for example, regarding the choice of materials, dimensions , components, configuration, etc.), within what is clear from the claims.

Claims (12)

1. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures that includes at least a connecting element (100), at least one bar (3) attached to the connecting element and at least at least one link piece (11, 17-18) to immobilize each bar (3) attached to the connecting element (100), characterizedbecause The connection element (100) comprises radial windows (2); at least one of the bars (3) comprises an end part (4) from which a connection body (5) emerges with a free end (5d) that passes through one of the windows (2), the end part (5d) of the bar (3) is configured to be immobilized in the window (2) passed through the connection body, by means of at least one link piece (11, 17-18) connected to the end part (4) of the bar ( 3). 2. Connection knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection element (100) comprises a disc (1). 3. Connection knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection element (100) further comprises at least one first upper semicircular plate (25) and at least one first lower semicircular plate (26), each first semicircular plate (25, 26) comprising a straight edge and a semicircular edge, the first upper semicircular plate (25) being coupled to the first lower semicircular plate (26) by means of tabs (27) provided on the straight edge of the first lower semicircular plate (26) that pass through two diagonally opposite windows (2) of the disc (1) and that fit into respective complementary notches ( 28) on the straight edge the first upper semicircular plate (25), each first semicircular plate (25, 26) comprises a plurality of radial windows (2) analogous in shape and arrangement to the windows (2) of the disc (1). 4. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 3, characterized in that The disc (1) comprises a central opening (29) in the shape of a cross, through which a central flange (27) of the lower semicircular plate (26) penetrates, fitting into a complementary notch (28) of the semicircular plate (25). ) superior. 5. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that each of the lower first semicircular plates (25, 26) comprises an intermediate window (2) provided with a first radial groove (2a) perpendicular to the straight edge of the respective first semicircular plate (25, 26) and open towards the semicircular edge of the first semicircular plate (25, 26), It comprises at least one second upper semicircular plate (30) and at least one second lower semicircular plate (31) coupled to each other by means of respective second tabs (32a, 32b, 32c, 32d) provided on the straight edge of the second semicircular plate (30). ) lower, which pass through two windows (2) diagonally opposite each other of the disc (1) and which fit into respective second complementary notches (33) in a straight edge of the upper second semicircular plate (30), each second semicircular plate comprising ( 30, 31) a straight edge and a semicircular edge, each second semicircular plate (30, 31) comprises a plurality of windows (2) analogous in shape and arrangement to the windows (2) of the disc (1), The straight edge of the second upper semicircular plate (30) comprises a complementary intermediate notch (33) that extends radially into a central through groove (34) that radially penetrates the body of the second upper semicircular plate (30) from the edge straight of the second semicircular plate (30), The central groove (34) of the second upper semicircular plate (30) and the radial groove (2a) of the first upper semicircular plate (25) are dimensioned so that the central groove (34) and the radial groove (2a) embrace respective surfaces of the body of the respective other upper semicircular plate (25, 30), The second lower semicircular plate (31) comprises a second central flange (32c, 32d) composed of two projections separated from each other by an intermediate recess (35) that penetrates into the body of the second lower semicircular plate (31) from the straight edge towards the semicircular edge of the second lower semicircular plate (31), The intermediate recess (35) of the second lower semicircular plate (31) and the radial groove (2a) of the first lower semicircular plate (26) are dimensioned so that the intermediate recess (35) and the radial groove (2a) embrace respective surfaces of the body of the respective other lower semicircular plate (26, 31). 6. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate window (2) of each of the first upper (25) and lower (26) semicircular plates is centered on a radius perpendicular to the straight edge of the upper (25) and lower (26) semicircular plates, The radial groove (2a) of the intermediate window (2) of each first semicircular plate (25) originates in a central position of the outer edge of the intermediate window (2) and extends along said radius. 7. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate window (2) of each of the first upper (25) and lower (26) semicircular plates is laterally offset from a radius perpendicular to the straight edge of the upper (25) and lower first semicircular plates (26), The radial groove (2a) of the intermediate window (2) of each first semicircular plate (25) originates on a lateral side of the outer edge of the window (2) and extends along said radius. 8. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 7, characterized in that The two diagonally opposite windows (2) of the disc (1) each comprise a lateral groove (36) that extends across the diameter of the disc (1) from a lateral side of the window (2) towards the center of the disc. (1), The windows (2) are each arranged on one side of the corresponding lateral slot (36). 9. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 1, characterized in that The connecting element (100) comprises a disc (1) provided with windows (2); Each bar (3) comprises an end part (4) from which a lower connection body (5) emerges with a free end (5d), the end part (4) presenting an axial recess (6) transversely neighboring the body of connection (5), The connecting body (5) comprises a distal wall (7) into which a first axial recess (8) opens, extending axially into an intermediate part of a first vertical wall (9) that axially delimits the axial recess (6). , The distal end part (4) of the bar (3) is provided with a first transverse recess (10) adjacent to a transverse side of the connecting body (5) and transverse with respect to the first vertical wall (9), and crosses the first axial recess (8), the link piece (11) comprises an angular body (12) comprising a main body (12b) and a cantilevered step (12a) sized to fit into the first axial recess (8) of the connecting body (5), a pair of legs (13) emerging from the angular body (12) opposite to the main body (12b) of the angular body (12) and separated from each other by an intermediate space (13b), The pair of legs (13) is sized to fit into the first transverse recess (10) of the distal end part (4) of the bar (3), the legs (13) having free ends (13a) widened and sized to protrude from the sides of the first transverse recess (10) contacting the side of the end part (4) of the bar (3) opposite to the axial recess (6). 10. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 1, characterized in that each bar (3) comprises a distal end part (4) axially emerging from a vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3) and with a free end (5d), the end part (4) presenting a lower surface (4c ) that is flush with the lower surface (3c) of the bar (3) and an upper face lowered with respect to the upper surface (3b) of the bar (3), The distal end part (4) comprises a proximal section (4a) adjacent to the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3) and which has a first plateau (14) as well as a distal section (4b) with a second plateau (15) and in which the free end (5d) of the end part (4) is located, the proximal section (4a) has two vertical recesses (16) transversely opposite and adjacent to the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3) comprising the vertical recesses (16) respective vertical walls (16a), the first plateau (14) is at a lower height than the height of the upper surface (3b) of the bar (3), and the second plateau (15) is at a lower height than the first plateau (14), From the second plateau (15), a connecting body (5) emerges vertically, having a height at least equal to the height of the upper surface (3b) of the bar (3) and a width less than the width of the second plateau. (fifteen), The connection body (5) has a transverse recess (10) opposite the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3) and located at a height greater than the height of the first plateau (14), The connecting knot (300) further comprises a first link piece (17) and a second link piece (18), comprising the second link piece (18) a proximal surface (18a) facing the vertical transverse wall (3a) of the bar (3), a distal surface (18b) axially opposite the proximal surface (18a), a lower surface (18c) and an upper surface (18d ), a horizontal projection (19) axially emerging from a lower part of the proximal surface (18a) with an upper surface (19a) recessed with respect to the upper surface (18d) of the second link piece (18) and a lower surface (19c ) that is flush with the lower surface (18c) of the second link piece (18), and with a proximal surface (19b), the horizontal projection (19) having a width in a transverse direction such that its side walls (19d) are flush vertically with the vertical walls (16a) of the proximal section (4a) of the end part (4) of the bar (3) a vertical distal recess (20) provided on the distal surface (18b) and defined between two vertical projections (18e ) of the second link piece (18) and sized to embrace at least a proximal part of the connecting body (5) of the end part (4) of the bar (3), and where the second link piece (18) is sized so that its lower surface (18c) and the lower surface (19c) of the horizontal projection (19) respectively rest at least partially on the first plateau (14) and so that its surface proximal (19b) is in contact with the vertical transverse wall (3a), the first link piece (17) comprising two lower vertical wings (21) joined by a horizontal bridge (22) and a vertical recess (23) defined between the vertical wings (21) and the horizontal bridge (22), where The vertical wings (21) comprise respective end parts (24) oriented towards each other and with free edges (24a) facing each other that define an entrance passage (23a) between them. The vertical recess (23) is sized so that the vertical wings (21) embrace the respective side walls (19d) of the second link piece (18) and the vertical walls (16a) of the vertical recesses (16) of the proximal section (4a) of the end part (4) of the bar (3), and so that the end parts (24a) of the vertical wings (21) contact opposite stripes of the lower surface (4c) of said proximal section (4a ). 11. Union knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to claim 10, characterized in that The connecting body (5) comprises two vertical projecting parts (5a) separated by a blind axial recess (5b) open upwards and closed inferiorly by a support wall (5c), the blind axial recess (5b) extending axially at least through the distal section (4b) of the extreme part (4) of the bar (3), the distal recess (20) of the second link piece (18) comprises a complementary vertical recess (20a) extending in an axial direction from an open intermediate part of a vertical wall (20b) of the axial recess (20), The blind axial recess (5b) and the complementary vertical recess (20a) are sized so that they have equal horizontal sections, an area in which the blind axial recess (5b) and the complementary vertical recess (20a) coincide. 12. Joining knot (300) for the construction of structures, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is entirely made of wood.