DE2263326A1 - EXTENSIBLE SKELETON CONSTRUCTION FOR BUILDING BUILDINGS - Google Patents

Description

Expandable skeleton construction for high-rise buildings The invention refers to an expandable skeleton construction for high buildings, in particular Steel skeleton construction with installation spaces for various installation devices Art.

Up to now, you usually only have a building to fulfill one at the time of construction planning, erected and in a corresponding Way their skeletal constructions are dimensioned and executed. The possibility of one Later building expansion was at best during the construction planning by an uneconomical Overdimensioning of the supporting skeleton construction taken into account. Usually one is therefore forced in buildings of conventional design when an extension is required or change requests with regard to use or obsolescence the technology occur, either the demolition of the entire building or extensive renovation work to carry out with considerable interventions in the structure, during such work-yourself partial use of the building is impossible. Furthermore, it has usually been the case up to now not possible, installation facilities, namely supply and disposal systems, including heating and air conditioning without interfering with the building structure and without restrictions on the use of the parts of the building affected by such interference to expand and modernize, unless there is also time here the so-called installation shafts that exist in more advanced buildings made of concrete and / or steel oversized.

The invention is therefore based in the broadest sense on the object a versatile skeleton system made up of standardized components for high-rise buildings to create that on economical way and practically without interruption the building use a subsequent addition of floors to an already existing buildings, i.e.

an increase in the overall height, but also an expansion of the total usable building floor area and / or an increase in the payload at the same time Enlargement of the installation space for installation equipment allows, while also the rooms of the existing building both in plan and in height should be changeable.

The above object is achieved by a skeleton construction according to the invention is characterized by supports with one of the respective height of the structure independent base body, which has vertical installation spaces inside and / or outside and its statically effective cross-section when extending the structure vertically and / or increase of the payload on the outer circumference through floor-to-ceiling, cross-section compliant Reinforcement profiles can be enlarged while leaving out the installation spaces and through Space framework panels combined with the supports at storey height, their horizontal Installation spaces merge or open into the vertical installation spaces of the supports and with these a coherent, flexible installation space for the installation equipment form. An important advantage of the construction according to the invention is that that with subsequent addition of further floors and / or increase of the payload the load-bearing capacity of existing supports through "addition" of reinforcement profiles can subsequently be increased from the outside without changing the support base or even has to be removed or an intervention in the vertical installation spaces for the installation facilities and thus an impairment of the same takes place.

The fact that the support base body also increases when the building volume is increased in the vertical and / or increase the payload on the outer circumference with a recess the vertical installation spaces for the installation equipment reinforced the necessary intervention in the structure is reduced to a minimum, while the necessary structural changes or supplementary work on the Basic support bodies are limited to a spatially limited part of the entire building so that the entire building can be used during this expansion work is practically not interrupted. The by adding floors to one existing buildings or by increasing the building volume horizontally absolutely necessary expansion of the installation spaces for the "growing" installation equipment is advantageously achieved in that the supports themselves with vertical installation spaces are provided, which are combined in the horizontal installation spaces with the supports Skip space timber-frame panels. In other words, it arises in a more beneficial way Way of the installation spaces in the support base body a direct connection to the horizontal installation spaces within the. Space truss panels and thus a "Growing" installation space for the installation equipment. This is particularly true also for the individual support, if this cross-section on the outer circumference Reinforcement profiles are added, which advantageously reduce the installation space for installation equipment leave out, but at the same time increase their volume.

The total installation space for the installation equipment is thereby kept flexible or expandable according to the increase in the building volume. The invention - thus in the most economical way - an "organic" Growth of level structures with skeleton structures in the horizontal as well as in the perpendicular xi allows, whereby the-expansion of the building volume; as required, can take place at separate time intervals. There are only the foundations for the base body of the props to be adapted to the expected target. The ones with the Support-connected space frame panels also make it relatively easy to create of spaces with 'changeable Height and variable floor plans, because Rgumfachwerkplatten are by combining appropriately sized node pieces and bars very variable with regard to the span, load capacity and thus their type of use.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the support base body can even as a three-dimensional framework with a polygonal, roughly triangular or square plan and vertical stems in the polygon corners and formed so that the vertical Installation space for the installation equipment is inside, while expansion of the structure in the vertical and / or increase the payload the individual vertical Stems can be supplemented by reinforcement profiles on the outer circumference. The invention is thus advantageously expandable to skeletal structures that exclusively or are partially composed of space frame supports and space frame panels.

Expediently, they are designed to be one floor high Support base body or the vertical struts of a space framework-like support base body a symmetrical, polygonal cross-section, and the reinforcement profiles are attached to the corners of such a cross-section. This gives you the Outer circumference of the support body, numerous installation spaces z. *. for pipelines, their cross-section through the reinforcement profiles attached to the corners of the column base is enlarged accordingly.

The cross-section of the support base body is advantageous essentially from FIG U-shaped profile rails composed so that the legs of the U-profile rails pointing outwards and the installation spaces for the installation equipment and reinforcement profiles limit, the latter being arranged symmetrically on the support base body. Man thereby achieves particularly large cross-sections PUr the installation spaces, for example Pick up pipelines in a protected manner. You can do this, even if in the installation spaces of Pipes mounted on the support base body are available, the reinforcement profiles subsequently attached and connected to the base of the column. For example it is possible on a lower floor by adding more floors necessary to carry out static reinforcement of the supports without the Pipelines on the lower floor are affected. Conversely, you can, for example, in the course of a building expansion, the pipelines Reinforce in the support installation spaces without affecting the load-bearing capacity of the supports.

The support base body expediently consists of four over its length welded together U-profile rails and turns out to be essentially square Cross-section, while the reinforcement profiles have a Winekl-shaped cross-section have the cross section of the cavity between the legs of two adjacent U-profile rails, whereby the leg depth of the U-profile rails and the angular reinforcement profiles can be the same or different.

Several such angular reinforcement profiles can become one Sentence can be nested and connected to each other, and several such Sets can be attached symmetrically to the support base.

The connecting elements of the space frame panels exist on the supports expediently from fork-shaped parts, each in a U-profile rail of the support base body engage and are attached to the legs of the U-profile rail. This fork-shaped Parts save the installation space for e.g. installation pipes in an advantageous way and can be arranged at practically any angle to the axis of the supports. They also advantageously enable the subsequent pulling in of installation pipes, for example in the installation spaces of the support base, i.e. extensions of the Into the tallati ons facilities without impairing the relevant timber framework panel or their connection elements are possible.

The connecting elements of the space frame panels on the supports can also consist of plates whose plan is approximately the cross-section of the cavity between corresponds to the legs of the adjacent U-profile rails, these Plates in each case between the abutting edges of the storey-high support base body and / or reinforcement profiles are switched on. This hinders this plate-shaped Connection elements do not require additional reinforcement profiles in the lower Floors if the building volume is extended vertically or the payload is increased.

Another embodiment of the invention is that in the inner cavity the support base or in an installation space for the installation equipment during the expansion of the building, lifting devices for lifting components such as a space frame plate or a winter roof are installed. Because the interior cavity of the support base is centrally located and independent of the load and expansion the load-bearing cross-section remains the same in all cases, it is advantageous for the installation of lifting devices or hoists, which are located in the topmost Supports are located. By means of these lifting devices, e.g. a Lift the room framework plate that was mounted on an existing ceiling and after sub-construction with a new support system or after completion of the Lower the new supports onto them. Furthermore, you can with the help of such lifting devices in the case of a building extension, also support a so-called winter construction roof, one at a time Floor height rushes ahead and accordingly with the construction progress of the whole Structure wanders upwards. This winter construction roof can advantageously be made from one Form space frame plate, with the same dimensions as a load-bearing Roof or ceiling panel, so that the winter construction roof is the final roof panel Can be used after the lifting equipment has previously been removed and supported by supports have been replaced.

The inner cavity of the support base body is expedient in each case Gradually with concrete at floor level, e.g. through side entry openings filled in, whereby the load-bearing capacity of the supports in the event of a subsequent enlargement the overall height, the useful load and its own weight is increased accordingly It is important that the concrete lining of the inner cavity of the support base can take place subsequently, through the mentioned entry openings that be closed again by welding after the filling process.

The ones that can be installed in the installation spaces of the supports and space framework panels Installation facilities, such as pipes for heating and hot water supply, Downpipes for rainwater and waste water, ventilation ducts, hot water storage elements in the form of profiled containers or other tube bundles can be dismantled from There are elements with dividing t-spots in the area of the connection levels of the supports.

The invention will then be described in more detail with reference to the drawings of several exemplary embodiments explained. 1 shows a schematic side view of an expandable Skeleton construction according to the invention, consisting of "growing" supports and on these connected space framework panels; Fig. 2 is a plan view of a The space frame plate of the construction shown in FIG. 1, supported by four supports; Fig. 3 several cross-sectional views of a 'twachsendent' column, consisting of a Supports - (; round body made of four U-profile rails welded together, the increase angular reinforcement profiles are added to its load-bearing capacity; Fig. 4 a cross-sectional view of a support with connection elements for a space framework plate, wherein pipelines of various types are built into the support; Fig. 5 a Front view or top view of an exclusively composed of three-dimensional frameworks Skeleton construction; 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional framework Support body used in Figure 5, e.g. the one in the left Polygon corner shown vertical stem of the space frame on the outer circumference by angularXge Reinforcement profiles are added; Fig. 7 is a schematic partial plan view of a Crawler framework plate with a support also designed as a space framework triangular plan and vertical stems with a circular cross-section passing through Reinforcement profiles with curved cross-section are added.

Figure 1 shows schematically from the side part of a vertical and horizontal expansion8 £ ¢ gen skeletal construction, resulting from "growing" stutzen la -le, 2a - 2d, 3a - 3c, 4a and 4b and 5 as well as space framework panels attached to them 6 - 10 composed. The type of support, for example one of the space frame panels 6 with a square plan on four supports la resp.

2a is indicated in FIG. The space frame panels in question here consist in a known manner of rods and knot pieces, the latter with concentric extending threaded bores are provided for receiving threaded bolts, which rotatable and actuated by means of key sockets in the conical The ends of the rods are supported, the exact connection of the rods of such a space frame plate on a support is based on figure. 4 'still explained.

In a first construction stage, for example, the space frame panels 6 can Roof and ceiling panes of a building, for example a factory building, the statically effective cross-sections of all supports la -4a the cross-section the support 5 correspond to that in Figure 1 in a corresponding manner for support a space frame plate 6 is dimensioned. However, a subsequent increase of the structure and / or an increase in the payload, which is supported by the supports Ia - 4a and 5 is to be taken to ensure that the foundations 11 for these supports are accordingly to be measured according to the projected construction goal. Characteristic of the invention It is now skeleton construction that, depending on requirements, in temporally separated construction stages, further floors one after the other by arranging the space frame panels 7,8,9,10 etc. are provided on associated supports lb - 4b, lc - 3c, ld and 2d or le can. The necessary enlargement of the statically effective cross-section the supports can on the outer circumference of the same by floor-high cross-section conform Reinforcement profiles of various types are made.

If the support base body 12 (see Fig. 31), for example four U-profile rails 13 welded together over their length, so that one receives a substantially square support base body cross-section, can angular reinforcement profiles or

Rails 14 in the manner shown in Figure 3 on the support base body 12 apply symmetrically, for example by welding, screwing by means of high-strength steel screws and / or by riveting. The cross-section corresponds to of the angular reinforcement profiles 14 between the cross section of the cavity 15 the legs 16 of two adjacent U-profile rails 13.

Depending on the predicted load on a column, for example in Figure 1 is the largest for the support la, something for the supports Ib and 2a is less, numerous angled reinforcement profiles 14, 14a, 14b, etc. Nested together to form a set and with each other and with the support base 1? get connected. In this way, those in FIGS. 1 and 3 are clearly obtained recognizable growing «supports, with the necessary reinforcement without Impairment of the support base body 12 and the installation spaces 25 for installation pipes and the like. Can be carried out, which will be discussed in more detail below.

It should also be noted that the reinforcement profiles are preferably made of consist of the same material as the base body to ensure the same thermal expansion values, to obtain specific strength values etc.

An example of a connection of a space frame plate to a Support is shown in FIG. The space frame panels are made up of Node pieces 17 and rods, some of which are indicated at 18, 19 and 20. Furthermore, such space framework panels have a so-called upper chord and lower chord. The rods 19 extending from the upper chord contain fork-shaped connection elements Parts 21 which are welded on the other hand to the ends of the rods 19 and on the other hand Engage in a U-Prof rail 13 of the support base body 12 and on the legs 16 of the U-profile rails are attached.

The rods 20 extending from the lower chord, however, have connection elements triangular plates 22 on the legs 16 of two adjacent U-Pro rails 13 are welded on. The plates 22 contain for connection with the rods 20 threaded holes 23 into which the connecting bolts, not shown the rods 20 are screwed in by means of key sockets 24. The installation location of this In the exemplary embodiment, plates 22 are located between the front edges of the floor-to-ceiling angular Reinforcement profiles 14.

An extension of a structure in the vertical and / or in the Horizontal by adding more floors to an existing structure or by attaching further space framework panels in the horizontal to the already existing ones At the same time, space frame panels require installation facilities to "grow" with them of various types and their installation spaces, if you have extensive renovation work Avoid and the building use practically full even during the expansion work wants to receive. For this purpose, the points constant over the respective height of the structure permanent support base body 12 vertical installation spaces 25 (see. Fig. 3!) between the legs 16 of each U-profile rail 13, which extends over the entire height of the structure extend and their cross-section when adding reinforcement profiles 14, 14a, 14b etc. correspondingly enlarged, as shown in FIG. 3 at the bottom right by dash-dotted lines Lines is indicated. In the case of "growing" supports, they also enlarge accordingly the installation spaces 25 to accommodate additional required installation elements, which are due to the enlargement. This effect will be amplified, though the leg depth of the reinforcement profiles 14, 14a, etc. is greater than that of the U-profile rails 13 is measured. In these installation spaces, for example, as indicated in FIG. 4, downpipes 26 and 27 for rainwater or dirty water as well as pipes 28 and 29 for the cold and hot water or heating installed will. In the same way, further pipelines can be accommodated, e.g. pressurized water lines for sprinkler systems in department stores etc., additional supply lines e.g. in laboratory data> air ducts etc. Each finished support is enclosed by space-enclosing Plate elements 30 comprised the expedient also form a fire protection.

When reinforcing the statically effective column cross-section by Only these plate elements need to be added to the appropriate reinforcement profiles outward moved or replaced by new ones. The fork-shaped Parts 21, which comprise the individual pipelines, are either oversized, to create enough leeway for the installation of further pipelines, or they are replaced by larger ones when the building is expanded. It should also be noted that the Pipelines 26 to 29 separation points in the area of the connection levels of the support base body or have reinforcement profiles.

The installation spaces 25 of all supports open into the horizontal ones Installation spaces of the space frame panels.

This makes it possible to create branches on the vertical pipes in the installation spaces of the supports on horizontal pipelines (not shown) within of the large-area installation spaces of the space framework panels, so that one Great flexibility in terms of installation systems of all kinds. Below also include air ducts for air conditioning systems, hot water storage elements in the form of profiled containers or tube bundles, etc. In particular, this makes it possible to the supply and disposal lines including heating and air conditioning when expanding the building volume accordingly, both in the Vertical as well as horizontal.

Since the bounded by the U-profile rails 13 interior cavities Support base body 12 can remain constant over the entire height of the building advantageous ifl the inner cavities of the respective uppermost support base body during Install (hydraulic) lifting devices not shown in the building extension, by means of the one Raumfachwetkplatte, which is previously mounted on an already finished ceiling can be raised to installation height. If such a space frame slab is designed as a so-called winter construction roof, each one floor height ahead, so you can go to the floor below keep working. It is useful> at the edge of this wandering winter construction roof vertically To connect room panels that are higher than the height of one floor and for example, covered with tarpaulins, form a closure for the room or rooms, in which work should continue regardless of the weather.

To increase the load-bearing strength of the supports, the of the U-profile rails 13 delimited the inner cavity of the support base body, e.g. through Lateral openings, not shown, each stepped with concrete at floor level be filled.

In Figures 5-7 it is indicated that the support base body can even be designed as a space framework. According to Figures 5 and 6 show the support base body on a square plan, although round with vertical Stems in the square corners in the form of square tubes 40. In the left part of the figure 6 is also indicated that these vertical legs in the form of square tubes 40 is an extension of the building volume in the vertical on the outer circumference over their respective Length by angular reinforcement profiles 41 in accordance with the embodiment Figure 3 can be reinforced. The square tubes 40 are through horizontal and Diagonal bars 42 connected to one another with screw connections (compare FIG. 5!). The vertical Einha uraum for the installation devices, which in Figure 5 and 6 illustrated for example by the pipelines 43 lies within here the square tubes 4o and inevitably goes into the horizontal installation spaces of the space framework panels 44, which are carried by the Raumfachw'erk supports 45.

The space frame supports 45 know from a space-enclosing cladding 46 should be included. It goes without saying that in this modification all vertical Square tubes 40 and possibly also horizontal and diagonal bars above each one floor height are reinforced accordingly if the building is in the Vertical extended and / or the payload is increased.

In Figure 7 it is shown schematically that the support base body as Space framework can also have a triangular plan and its vertical Stems can be formed from round tubes 47 in the polygon corners. The bracing each vertical round tube 47 is made here by, for example, three reinforcement profiles 49 with an arcuate cross-section, analogously to the embodiment according to FIG. 6. The vertical Installation space for the installation equipment is also within the vertical round tubes 47, analogous to the Ausführungsbeiaptel according to Figure 6. The space frame plate with a triangular grid is indicated schematically at 48.

When using space frame supports, the extension of the vertical Installation spaces for installation facilities are not critical as a space frame construction provides large clear cross-sections for these purposes.

Claims (11)

Claims 9 Expandable skeleton construction for high-rise buildings, in particular Steel frame construction with installation spaces for various installation devices Type, characterized by supports (1-5,45) with one of the respective height of the Structure-independent base body (12; 40,42), the inside and / or outside vertical Has installation spaces (25) and its statically effective cross-section when expanded of the structure in the vertical and / or increasing the payload on the outer circumference Floor-to-ceiling reinforcement profiles (14, 14a, 14b, 41) with a recess the installation spaces (25) can be enlarged and with the supports (1-5; 45) at floor level combined space framework panels (6-10; 44), the horizontal installation spaces of which in the vertical installation spaces of the supports merge or merge and with these one form coherent flexible installation space for the installation equipment. 2. skeleton structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the support base (40, 42; 47) itself as a space framework with a polygonal, about three angular or square plan and vertical stems (40, 47) in the polygon corners and is designed so that the vertical installation space for the installation facilities (43) lies on the inside and, if the structure is expanded, in the vertical and / or elevation the payload the individual vertical stems (40, 47) through reinforcement profiles (41,49) can be added on the outer circumference. 3. Skeleton construction according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the column base body (12), designed in the length of a floor height or the vertical stems (40) of a three-dimensional framework Support body have a symmetrical, polygonal cross-section and the reinforcement profiles (14,41) are attached to the corners of such a cross-section. 4. skeleton construction according to claims 1 3, characterized in that the cross section of the support base body (12) is composed of essentially U-shaped profile rails (13) in such a way that the legs (16) of the U-profile rails (13) point outwards and the installation spaces ( 25/15) for the installation devices (26-29) and reinforcement profile, the latter being arranged symmetrically on the support base body. 5. skeleton construction according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the support green body (12) consists of four U-profile rails welded together over their length (13) consists, has a substantially square cross-section and the reinforcement profiles (14,14a, 14b) have an angular cross-section that corresponds to the cross-section of the Cavity (15) between the legs (16) of two adjacent U-profile rails (13), where the leg depth of the U-profile rails and the angular Reinforcement profiles is the same or different. 6. skeleton structure according to claim 5, characterized in that several angular. Reinforcement profiles (14,14a, 14b) into one set are nested and interconnected> and several such sentences are symmetrical are attached to the support base body (12). 7. skeleton construction according to claims 4-6, characterized thereby, that the connecting elements of the space frame panels (6-10) on the supports (1-5) fork-shaped parts (21) exist, each in a U-profile rail (13) of the Support body (12) engage and on the thighs (16) the U-profile rail (13) are attached. 8. skeleton construction according to claims 4-6, characterized in that that the connecting elements of the space frame panels (6-10) on the supports (1-5) Panels (22) are made; whose plan is approximately the cross section of the cavity (15) between corresponds to the legs (16) of the adjacent U-profile rails (13), and that these plates (22) each between the abutting edges of the storey-high pillars base body (12) and / or the reinforcement profiles (14) are switched on. 9. Skeleton construction according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the support base body is in the inner cavity (12) or in an installation space for the installation equipment during the expansion of the building Lifting devices for lifting components such as a space frame plate or a winter construction roof are installed. 10. Skeleton construction according to one or more of the. previous Claims, characterized> that the inner cavity of the support base body (12) each at floor level with concrete in steps / (e.g. through side entry openings) is fillable. 11. skeleton construction according to claims l-10, characterized in that that the mountable in the installation spaces (25) of the supports and space frame panels Installation facilities such as pipelines (29,28) for heating and hot water supply, Downpipes (27, 26) for rainwater and waste water, ventilation ducts, hot water storage elements in the form of profiled containers or other tube bundles made of removable elements with separation points in the area of the connection levels of the supports. Blank page