FR2766514A1 - DEVICE FOR DEPLOYING A SHUTTER, PARTICULARLY IN MOTOR VEHICLES - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR DEPLOYING A SHUTTER, PARTICULARLY IN MOTOR VEHICLES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2766514A1 FR2766514A1 FR9809357A FR9809357A FR2766514A1 FR 2766514 A1 FR2766514 A1 FR 2766514A1 FR 9809357 A FR9809357 A FR 9809357A FR 9809357 A FR9809357 A FR 9809357A FR 2766514 A1 FR2766514 A1 FR 2766514A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- deployment device
- component
- weight compensation
- compensation element
- deployed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D3/00—Hinges with pins
- E05D3/06—Hinges with pins with two or more pins
- E05D3/14—Hinges with pins with two or more pins with four parallel pins and two arms
- E05D3/145—Hinges with pins with two or more pins with four parallel pins and two arms specially adapted for vehicles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
- E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
- E05F1/12—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
- E05F1/1292—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a gas spring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
- F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/404—Function thereof
- E05Y2201/416—Function thereof for counterbalancing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/536—Hoods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/548—Trunk lids
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Un dispositif de déploiement, en particulier pour des volets dans des automobiles, comprend un mécanisme d'accouplement (3; 5) sur une pièce de base, par l'intermédiaire duquel le déplacement du mécanisme d'accouplement est transmis au composant à déployer (1), et un élément de compensation de poids (9) qui assiste le déplacement de déploiement du composant (1). Un élément de force (15) qui exerce un couple de rotation attaque l'un au moins des organes du mécanisme d'accouplement (3; 5).A deployment device, especially for shutters in automobiles, comprises a coupling mechanism (3; 5) on a base part, through which the movement of the coupling mechanism is transmitted to the component to be deployed ( 1), and a weight compensation element (9) which assists the deployment displacement of the component (1). A force element (15) which exerts a rotational torque drives at least one of the members of the coupling mechanism (3; 5).
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de déploiement, enThe present invention relates to a deployment device, in
particulier pour des volets dans des automobiles, qui comprend un mécanisme d'accouplement sur une pièce de base, par l'intermédiaire duquel le mouvement du mécanisme d'accouplement est transmis au composant à déployer, et un élément de compensation de poids qui particular for shutters in automobiles, which comprises a coupling mechanism on a base part, by means of which the movement of the coupling mechanism is transmitted to the component to be deployed, and a weight compensation element which
assiste le mouvement de déploiement du composant. assists the component deployment movement.
On connaît un composant à déployer, lequel peut être déployé sur une pièce de base par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme d'accouplement "'"'t 11 ' interposé. Une application technique possible concerne en particulier les volets dans des automobiles. Les automobiles qui présentent des vitres avant ou arrière fortement bombées nécessitent un tel mécanisme d'accouplement, afin de pouvoir faire passer le volet proprement dit autour de la bordure inférieure de la vitre lors du mouvement d'ouverture. On peut également citer comme autre possibilité A component is known to be deployed, which can be deployed on a base part by means of a coupling mechanism "'"' t 11 'interposed. One possible technical application relates in particular to shutters in automobiles. Cars with heavily curved front or rear windows require such a coupling mechanism, in order to be able to pass the shutter itself around the lower edge of the window during the opening movement. We can also cite as another possibility
d'application les fenêtres, ou similaires. windows, or the like.
Un problème réside souvent dans le fait que l'on dispose souvent d'un A problem often lies in the fact that one often has a
volume structurel limité pour les éléments de compensation de poids. limited structural volume for weight compensation elements.
Circonstance aggravante, la ligne d'action des forces de l'élément de compensation de poids passe très près du centre de rotation lorsque le composant à déployer est en position fermée, de sorte que le couple de déploiement de l'élément de compensation de poids pour un Aggravating circumstance, the line of action of the forces of the weight compensating element passes very close to the center of rotation when the component to be deployed is in the closed position, so that the deployment torque of the weight compensating element for a
déplacement de déploiement est très faible. deployment displacement is very small.
L'objectif de la présente invention est de trouver une solution au The objective of the present invention is to find a solution to the
problème qui vient d'être exposé. problem which has just been exposed.
Conformément à l'invention, ce problème est résolu par le fait que sur l'un au moins des organes du mécanisme d'accouplement attaque un According to the invention, this problem is solved by the fact that on at least one of the members of the coupling mechanism attacks a
élément de force qui exerce un couple de rotation. force element which exerts a torque.
D'autres développements avantageux ressortent du reste de la présente Other beneficial developments emerge from the remainder of this
demande.request.
L'invention sera expliquée plus en détail à l'aide de la description des The invention will be explained in more detail using the description of
figures qui va suivre.figures which will follow.
La figure 1 montre l'état de la technique; les figures 2 à 4 montrent le dispositif de déplacement avec un élément additionnel de force ou de couple; les figures 5 à 8 montrent des exemples de réalisation pour les points d'attaque et les lignes d'action des forces de l'élément de compensation de poids; et les figures 9 à 13 montrent le dispositif de déplacement avec une Figure 1 shows the state of the art; Figures 2 to 4 show the displacement device with an additional element of force or torque; FIGS. 5 to 8 show exemplary embodiments for the points of attack and the lines of action of the forces of the weight compensation element; and Figures 9 to 13 show the displacement device with a
transmission additionnelle.additional transmission.
La figure 1 montre un composant 1 à déployer, par exemple un volet dans un véhicule automobile. Un mécanisme d'accouplement 3; 5 à plusieurs éléments déplace le composant à déployer en rotation et en translation jusque dans sa position finale 1'. Les trajectoires des points d'articulation individuels des éléments de l'accouplement et d'un élément de compensation de poids 9 sont représentées. Comme on peut clairement le voir, la ligne d'action de l'élément de compensation de FIG. 1 shows a component 1 to be deployed, for example a flap in a motor vehicle. A coupling mechanism 3; 5 with several elements moves the component to be deployed in rotation and in translation until in its final position 1 ′. The paths of the individual articulation points of the coupling elements and of a weight compensation element 9 are shown. As can be clearly seen, the line of action of the compensation element of
poids passe très près d'un centre de rotation du composant à déployer. weight passes very close to a center of rotation of the component to be deployed.
On peut ici prévoir que la ligne d'action de l'élément de compensation de poids 9 soit dirigée sous un angle obtus par rapport au composant à It can here be provided that the line of action of the weight compensation element 9 is directed at an obtuse angle relative to the component to be
déployer 1.deploy 1.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation correspondant à la figure 2, on emploie un élément de force 15 qui produit un couple de rotation au niveau d'un point d'articulation 11 d'un élément d'accouplement sur la pièce de base 13. Comme élément de force possible, on peut utiliser un ressort à bras. En variante, on peut aussi utiliser un ressort spiralé ou un In a first embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2, a force element 15 is used which produces a torque at a hinge point 11 of a coupling element on the base part 13. As element of possible force, one can use a spring with arm. Alternatively, a spiral spring or a
autre ressort à torsion.another torsion spring.
On peut en outre prévoir, conformément à la figure 3, d'employer un élément de force additionnel 17, dont la ligne d'action recoupe la ligne d'action de l'élément de compensation de poids 9. Comme élément de Provision may also be made, in accordance with FIG. 3, for employing an additional force element 17, the line of action of which overlaps the line of action of the weight compensation element 9. As an element of
compensation de poids, on utilise de préférence un ressort à gaz. weight compensation, preferably use a gas spring.
L'élément de force additionnel peut être un ressort mécanique, ou encore The additional force element may be a mechanical spring, or else
un ressort à gaz.a gas spring.
Selon une variante non représentée, l'élément de force attaque au moins According to a variant not shown, the force element attacks at least
entre deux organes du mécanisme d'accouplement. between two parts of the coupling mechanism.
Une solution particulièrement simple est montrée à la figure 4, dans laquelle un point de raccordement du ressort à gaz a été déplacé aussi A particularly simple solution is shown in Figure 4, in which a gas spring connection point has also been moved
loin qu'il en résulte un bras de levier important pour le ressort à gaz. far from it results an important lever arm for the gas spring.
Pour des raisons d'étroitesse de l'espace structurel, si l'on ne peut pas envisager cette possibilité, on ajoute alors, à titre d'alternative au ressort à gaz, un ressort de compression additionnel 19 monté par exemple en série, comme à la figure 5, afin d'augmenter le taux d'élasticité et par For reasons of narrowness of the structural space, if this possibility cannot be envisaged, an additional compression spring 19 mounted, for example in series, is then added, as an alternative to the gas spring, as in FIG. 5, in order to increase the rate of elasticity and by
conséquent la force du ressort de l'élément de compensation de poids 9. therefore the spring force of the weight compensating element 9.
La figure 6 montre la solution optimale pour ce qui concerne le point d'attaque de l'élément de compensation de poids. Dans ce contexte, on cite également la figure 7, dans laquelle l'organe d'accouplement 3 du mécanisme d'accouplement a été prolongé et sur lequel attaque l'élément de compensation de poids 9. En variante, on se reportera à la figure 8, dans laquelle le point d'attaque des forces a également été déplacé et l'élément de compensation de poids attaque l'organe d'accouplement 5 Figure 6 shows the optimal solution for the point of attack of the weight compensation element. In this context, FIG. 7 is also cited, in which the coupling member 3 of the coupling mechanism has been extended and on which the weight compensation element 9 attacks. As a variant, reference will be made to FIG. 8, in which the point of attack of the forces has also been moved and the weight compensating element attacks the coupling member 5
par exemple au milieu.for example in the middle.
Le mécanisme d'accouplement connu de l'état de la teclhnique sert exclusivement à déplacer le composant à déployer. La figure 9 montre un mécanisme d'accouplement comprenant une transmission supplémentaire pour l'élément de compensation de poids. Un levier de renvoi 21 est fixé sur le composant 1 à déployer. Selon le point d'articulation du levier, on emploie un élément de compensation de poids The coupling mechanism known from the state of the art is used exclusively for moving the component to be deployed. Figure 9 shows a coupling mechanism comprising an additional transmission for the weight compensation element. A return lever 21 is fixed on the component 1 to be deployed. Depending on the articulation point of the lever, a weight compensation element is used
qui exerce une force de traction ou une force de poussée. which exerts a pulling force or a pushing force.
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 10, un point d'articulation 23 de l'élément de compensation de poids 9 est guidé dans une glissière 25, et le point d'articulation ou le coulisseau est relié via un levier 27 à un élément de montage sur la pièce de base 13. L'élément de compensation de poids, le coulisseau et le levier précité forment un entraînement à bielle. Exprimé autrement, on peut donc prévoir qu'au moins un point d'articulation de l'élément de compensation de poids 9 soit réalisé sous forme d'un élément de montage unidirectionnel, et que le point In the embodiment of FIG. 10, an articulation point 23 of the weight compensation element 9 is guided in a slide 25, and the articulation point or the slide is connected via a lever 27 to an element for mounting on the base part 13. The weight compensation element, the slide and the aforementioned lever form a connecting rod drive. Expressed differently, it can therefore be provided that at least one articulation point of the weight compensation element 9 is produced in the form of a unidirectional mounting element, and that the point
d'articulation se déplace avec l'augmentation de l'angle d'ouverture. joint moves with increasing opening angle.
La figure 11 montre une modification de la figure 10. À nouveau, l'élément de compensation de poids 9 comprend un point d'articulation mobile dans une glissière, et s'appuie à l'autre extrémité sur le composant à déployer, de sorte que l'élément de compensation de poids, conjointement avec la glissière, le composant à déployer et le FIG. 11 shows a modification of FIG. 10. Again, the weight compensation element 9 comprises a movable articulation point in a slide, and rests at the other end on the component to be deployed, so that the weight compensation element, together with the slide, the component to be deployed and the
mécanisme d'accouplement, forme un autre mécanisme. coupling mechanism, forms another mechanism.
D'après la figure 12, on peut également employer un levier rotatif 29 qui attaque d'une part le composant à déployer 1 et d'autre part l'élément de compensation de poids 9. Cependant, le centre de rotation peut être rendu indépendant du mécanisme d'accouplement 3; 5, et réalisé sur un organe d'accouplement. De même, on peut prévoir au moins un organe accouplement qui est réalisé sous forme d'un levier à deux bras, et qui According to FIG. 12, it is also possible to use a rotary lever 29 which attacks on the one hand the component to be deployed 1 and on the other hand the weight compensation element 9. However, the center of rotation can be made independent of the coupling mechanism 3; 5, and produced on a coupling member. Likewise, at least one coupling member can be provided which is produced in the form of a lever with two arms, and which
attaque l'élément de compensation de poids à une extrémité. attacks the weight compensation element at one end.
Une augmentation particulière de la force effective de l'élément de compensation de poids 9 peut être obtenue avec le dispositif de la figure 13. En plus du mécanisme d'accouplement 3; 5, on emploie et un A particular increase in the effective force of the weight compensating element 9 can be obtained with the device of FIG. 13. In addition to the coupling mechanism 3; 5, we use and a
mécanisme à genouillère 31 pour l'élément de compensation de poids. toggle mechanism 31 for the weight compensation element.
Selon la direction de flexion du mécanisme à genouillère, on peut employer pour l'élément de compensation de poids une force de traction Depending on the bending direction of the toggle mechanism, a pulling force can be used for the weight compensation element
ou une force de poussée.or a pushing force.
[ii11111 1 I 1l- ll ii [ 1[ *.I. ui. [ii11111 1 I 1l- ll ii [1 [* .I. ui.
Selon une autre caractéristique, il est prévu plusieurs éléments de force According to another characteristic, several force elements are provided
dont les lignes d'action se recoupent. whose lines of action overlap.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, l'élément de compensation de poids 9 agit sur la transmission à genouillère 31, laquelle attaque à son tour le mécanisme d'accouplement According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the weight compensation element 9 acts on the toggle transmission 31, which in turn attacks the coupling mechanism
9 ou le composant à déployer 1.9 or the component to be deployed 1.
Par ailleurs, d'après la figure 12, le levier de renvoi 29 qui est associé au composant à déployer 1 pennet d'augmenter la longueur efficace de levier. Bien entendu, ces solutions individuelles peuvent être également utilisées Furthermore, according to FIG. 12, the return lever 29 which is associated with the component to be deployed 1 pennet to increase the effective length of the lever. Of course, these individual solutions can also be used
en combinaison.in combination.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997131507 DE19731507A1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 1997-07-22 | Setting-up device for flaps on vehicles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2766514A1 true FR2766514A1 (en) | 1999-01-29 |
Family
ID=7836545
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9809357A Pending FR2766514A1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 1998-07-22 | DEVICE FOR DEPLOYING A SHUTTER, PARTICULARLY IN MOTOR VEHICLES |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19731507A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2766514A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020046315A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Mobility, Inc. | Lifting apparatus |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10018732A1 (en) * | 2000-04-15 | 2002-07-11 | Volkswagen Ag | Ejector device for a flap arrangement comprises a two-armed lever rotatably positioned on a flap and a housing in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation |
| GB2384524B (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2004-01-14 | Itw Ltd | Cam-assisted lid hinge |
| EP1400648A3 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2007-04-25 | ISE Industries GmbH | System for opening and closing of lids, especially of tailgates of motor vehicles |
| DE10250761B4 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2004-08-19 | Edscha Ag | vehicle hinge |
| DE102005006932B4 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2008-01-31 | Edscha Ag | Hinge for a vehicle flap |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2271422A (en) * | 1941-05-26 | 1942-01-27 | Ferro Stamping & Mfg Company | Hinge assembly |
| GB699967A (en) * | 1950-01-06 | 1953-11-18 | Briggs Mfg Co | Improvements in and relating to hinge means for hingedly connecting a swinging closure to a vehicle body |
| US4679841A (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1987-07-14 | Automobiles Peugeot | Counterbalancing device for hatchback lid on a road vehicle |
| DE9211919U1 (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-01-13 | Lunke & Sohn AG, 58455 Witten | Hinge for hoods, lids or flaps, especially on motor vehicles |
| DE4242062A1 (en) * | 1992-12-13 | 1994-06-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Boot-lid hinge on car body - has gas cylinders adjacent to swing arms attached to lid at points offset inwards from those to body |
-
1997
- 1997-07-22 DE DE1997131507 patent/DE19731507A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-07-22 FR FR9809357A patent/FR2766514A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2271422A (en) * | 1941-05-26 | 1942-01-27 | Ferro Stamping & Mfg Company | Hinge assembly |
| GB699967A (en) * | 1950-01-06 | 1953-11-18 | Briggs Mfg Co | Improvements in and relating to hinge means for hingedly connecting a swinging closure to a vehicle body |
| US4679841A (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1987-07-14 | Automobiles Peugeot | Counterbalancing device for hatchback lid on a road vehicle |
| DE9211919U1 (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-01-13 | Lunke & Sohn AG, 58455 Witten | Hinge for hoods, lids or flaps, especially on motor vehicles |
| DE4242062A1 (en) * | 1992-12-13 | 1994-06-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Boot-lid hinge on car body - has gas cylinders adjacent to swing arms attached to lid at points offset inwards from those to body |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020046315A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Mobility, Inc. | Lifting apparatus |
| CN112639241A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-04-09 | 西门子交通股份有限公司 | Lifting device |
| JP2021535972A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-12-23 | シーメンス モビリティー, インク.Siemens Mobility, Inc. | Lifting device |
| CN112639241B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2023-05-26 | 西门子交通股份有限公司 | Lifting device |
| US11761251B2 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2023-09-19 | Siemens Mobility, Inc. | Lifting apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19731507A1 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
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