FR2716402A1 - Razor shaving head incorporating heating element - Google Patents

Razor shaving head incorporating heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2716402A1
FR2716402A1 FR9402063A FR9402063A FR2716402A1 FR 2716402 A1 FR2716402 A1 FR 2716402A1 FR 9402063 A FR9402063 A FR 9402063A FR 9402063 A FR9402063 A FR 9402063A FR 2716402 A1 FR2716402 A1 FR 2716402A1
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France
Prior art keywords
head
heating
shaving device
heat
members
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Granted
Application number
FR9402063A
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French (fr)
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FR2716402B1 (en
Inventor
Des Garets Christian
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR9402063A priority Critical patent/FR2716402B1/en
Publication of FR2716402A1 publication Critical patent/FR2716402A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2716402B1 publication Critical patent/FR2716402B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26BHAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/38Details of, or accessories for, hair clippers, or dry shavers, e.g. housings, casings, grips, guards
    • B26B19/3806Accessories
    • B26B19/382Built-in accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26BHAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/38Details of, or accessories for, hair clippers, or dry shavers, e.g. housings, casings, grips, guards
    • B26B19/3873Electric features; Charging; Computing devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26BHAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/40Details or accessories
    • B26B21/48Heating means

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)

Abstract

The razor consists of a body and a head provided with a cutting unit, having a mobile or immobile blade arranged w.r.t. the head. The characteristic of the unit is that it contains a cutting unit (3) which is in contact with a heating unit (4). This heating unit is joined up to an electric battery source (8) or heat source (10) disposed in the inside of the body (1) of the unit. The heating unit (4) can be in the form of a resistance wire through which passes an electric current that heats up the wire due to the Joule effect.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un dispositif permettant d'apporter plus de douceur et de confort aux usagers d'organes coupants tels que notamment des rasoirs mécaniques, du type jetable ou non , ou électriques. The present invention relates to a device making it possible to provide more softness and comfort to the users of cutting members such as in particular mechanical razors, of the disposable type or not, or electric.

On connait les bienfaits de l'utilisation de la chaleur sur l'épiderme ; en effet, la chaleur dégagée superficiellement sur la peau produit une action émolliente, conduisant à la fois à une dilatation des pores et un ramollissement de l'épiderme enserrant le poil, qui favoriseront par la suite la coupe du poil sur une longueur plus grande par le passage d'une ou plusieurs lames. We know the benefits of using heat on the epidermis; in fact, the heat released superficially on the skin produces an emollient action, leading to both a dilation of the pores and a softening of the epidermis enclosing the hair, which will subsequently promote the cutting of the hair over a greater length by the passage of one or more blades.

Classiquement, l'usager d'un rasoir mécanique a l'habitude de se mouiller le visage avec de l'eau chaude, avant d'étaler une couche de mousse à raser, pour obtenir à la fois l'effet émollient recherché et pour meilleure application et efficacité de la mousse à raser. Conventionally, the user of a mechanical razor has the habit of wetting the face with hot water, before spreading a layer of shaving foam, to obtain both the desired emollient effect and for better application and effectiveness of shaving foam.

L'expérience montre que la sensation de chaleur s'estompe rapidement au cours du rasage, provenant naturellement d'un échange de chaleur avec le milieu environnant (peau, mousse...) qui ne peut pas être compensé par un nouvel apport de chaleur durant les opérations de rasage. Experience has shown that the sensation of heat quickly fades during shaving, which comes naturally from an exchange of heat with the surrounding environment (skin, foam, etc.) which cannot be compensated by a new supply of heat. during shaving operations.

La présente invention vise donc à pallier ces inconvénients en proposant un dispositif chauffant, adaptable sur l'organe coupant, qui permette l'action émolliente des calories échangées tout au long du rasage. The present invention therefore aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a heating device, adaptable to the cutting member, which allows the emollient action of the calories exchanged throughout the shaving.

A cet effet, le dispositif comprenant un corps et une tête pourvue d'un organe coupant, notamment en forme de lame mobile ou immobile par rapport à la tête, se caractérise en ce qu'il comporte au moins un organe coupant au contact d'au moins un organe chauffant, en liaison avec au moins un accumulateur d'énergie électrique ou calorifique, disposé au sein du corps dudit dispositif. To this end, the device comprising a body and a head provided with a cutting member, in particular in the form of a blade movable or immobile relative to the head, is characterized in that it comprises at least one cutting member in contact with at least one heating element, in connection with at least one accumulator of electric or calorific energy, disposed within the body of said device.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures
- la figure 1 est une vue en plan et en coupe, d'un rasoir pourvu d'un organe chauffant ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en élévation latérale, à plus grande échelle, de la tête d'un rasoir ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en plan d'une tête de rasoir électrique pourvue du dispositif selon l'invention;
- la figure 4 est une vue en plan et en coupe d'un rasoir pourvu d'un accumulateur d'énergie thermique ;
- la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'une tête de rasoir électrique selon un autre type, pourvue du dispositif selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the appended drawings which illustrate an embodiment thereof devoid of any limiting character. In the figures
- Figure 1 is a plan view and in section, of a razor provided with a heating member;
- Figure 2 is a side elevational view, on a larger scale, of the head of a razor;
- Figure 3 is a plan view of an electric razor head provided with the device according to the invention;
- Figure 4 is a plan view in section of a razor provided with a thermal energy accumulator;
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of an electric razor head according to another type, provided with the device according to the invention.

Selon un exemple préféré de réalisation, le dispositif de rasage objet de l'invention, comporte essentiellement un corps 1, et une tête 2 éventuellement pivotante par rapport au corps, recevant les organes coupants 3. La tête suivant le type de rasoir, électrique ou mécanique, dispose d'une lame ou d'un jeu de lames, respectivement mobile ou immobile, au sein de cette dernière. According to a preferred embodiment, the shaving device which is the subject of the invention essentially comprises a body 1, and a head 2 possibly pivotable relative to the body, receiving the cutting members 3. The head according to the type of razor, electric or mechanical, has a blade or a set of blades, respectively mobile or stationary, within the latter.

On prévoit par ailleurs de pourvoir la tête 2, dans sa totalité ou simplement au niveau d'une ou des lames 3, d'au moins un dispositif chauffant 4 de section variée, notamment à résistance, qui par effet JOULE, obtenu par le passage d'un courant électrique, génère un dégagement de chaleur se transmettant particulièrement par conduction, au travers de l'organe coupant 3 ou de la grille 5 de la tête 2. Ces organes chauffants 4 sont notamment placés en dessous ou autour des lames 3 et à leur contact, dans des cavités 6 pratiquées dans la tête 2, lors de son moulage. It is also planned to provide the head 2, in its entirety or simply at the level of one or more blades 3, with at least one heating device 4 of varied section, in particular resistance, which by JOULE effect, obtained by the passage of an electric current, generates a release of heat transmitted particularly by conduction, through the cutting member 3 or the grid 5 of the head 2. These heating members 4 are in particular placed below or around the blades 3 and on contact with them, in cavities 6 made in the head 2, during its molding.

Les connexions électriques 7 entre les organes chauffants 4 et la batterie 8 d'accumulateurs ou les piles, sont assurées si la tête 2 est montée pivotante sur le corps 1, par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité de contacts 9, disposés sur chacune des pièces en mouvement relatif, préférentiellement au niveau de la pièce intermédiaire formant charnière ; la liaison électrique est effectuée par frottement entre les contacts. Le montage ainsi réalisé n'entrave pas les mouvements d'oscillation de la tête 2 par rapport au corps 1, la libre adaptation de la position de la tête 2 et des lames 3 à la morphologie du visage étant l'une des caractéristiques la plus fondamentale pour un rasage au plus près. The electrical connections 7 between the heating elements 4 and the accumulator battery 8 or the batteries are ensured if the head 2 is pivotally mounted on the body 1, by means of a plurality of contacts 9, arranged on each of the parts in relative movement, preferably at the level of the intermediate part forming a hinge; the electrical connection is made by friction between the contacts. The assembly thus produced does not hamper the oscillating movements of the head 2 relative to the body 1, the free adaptation of the position of the head 2 and of the blades 3 to the morphology of the face being one of the most characteristic fundamental for a closer shave.

Dans une application au rasoir électrique, les organes chauffants 4 sont de forme similaire aux organes coupants 3 disposés généralement sous une grille 5 et auprès des couteaux. In an application with an electric razor, the heating members 4 are similar in shape to the cutting members 3 generally arranged under a grid 5 and near knives.

L'alimentation électrique nécessaire au chauffage des résistances, généralement constituée à partir de piles 8, ou d'accumulateurs rechargeables, est préférentiellement incorporée au sein du manche ou du corps 1 du rasoir. Ce manche est avantageusement revêtu d'un matériau isolant ou d'une pluralité d'ailettes, afin que l'utilisateur ne soit pas gêné par l'accumulateur 10 thermique logé en son âme. The electrical supply necessary for heating the resistors, generally formed from batteries 8, or rechargeable accumulators, is preferably incorporated within the handle or the body 1 of the razor. This handle is advantageously coated with an insulating material or a plurality of fins, so that the user is not hampered by the thermal accumulator 10 housed in its core.

De même, on intègre au sein du manche, la pluralité de conducteurs 7 électriques, nécessaires au raccordement entre les organes chauffants 4 et les piles ou accumulateurs et on interpose si nécessaire dans le circuit un interrupteur, un témoin de marche, un témoin de charge pour une meilleure commodité d'utilisation de l'appareil. A titre d'exemple, un bouchon disposé à l'extrémité du manche et pourvu d'un contact double peut permettre l'établissement du circuit, un cran déplacé en rotation ou en translation délimitant l'état du rasoir.Similarly, there is integrated within the handle, the plurality of electrical conductors 7, necessary for the connection between the heating elements 4 and the batteries or accumulators and interposed if necessary in the circuit a switch, a run indicator, a charge indicator for better convenience of using the device. For example, a plug placed at the end of the handle and provided with a double contact can allow the establishment of the circuit, a notch displaced in rotation or in translation delimiting the state of the razor.

Selon un autre exemple de réalisation, l'énergie est stockée sous forme de chaleur latente, dans un corps 10 composé d'éléments notamment eutectiques, le transfert de chaleur entre cet élément 10 et les organes chauffants 4 s'effectuant par conduction au travers d'un pont thermique entre ces derniers. Le corps eutectique se recharge au sein d'un bloc adapté, pourvu notamment d'un moyen de chauffage, qui peut à la fois servir de support au corps 1 du rasoir.  According to another exemplary embodiment, the energy is stored in the form of latent heat, in a body 10 made up of notably eutectic elements, the transfer of heat between this element 10 and the heating elements 4 taking place by conduction through 'a thermal bridge between them. The eutectic body is recharged within a suitable block, provided in particular with a heating means, which can both serve as a support for the body 1 of the razor.

Il demeure bien entendu que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits et représentés ci-dessus, mais qu'elle en englobe toutes les variantes.  It remains to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described and shown above, but that it encompasses all variants thereof.

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS 1 - Dispositif de rasage comprenant un corps et une tête pourvue d'un organe coupant, notamment en forme de lame mobile ou immobile par rapport à la tête, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un organe coupant (3) au contact d'au moins un organe chauffant (4), en liaison avec au moins un accumulateur d'énergie électrique (8) ou calorifique (10), disposé au sein du corps (1) dudit dispositif. 1 - Shaving device comprising a body and a head provided with a cutting member, in particular in the form of a movable or immobile blade relative to the head, characterized in that it comprises at least one cutting member (3) in contact with 'at least one heating element (4), in connection with at least one accumulator of electrical energy (8) or heat (10), disposed within the body (1) of said device. 2 - Dispositif de rasage selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la tête (2) dans sa totalité ou simplement au niveau d'une ou des lames (3), dispose d'au moins un dispositif chauffant (4) de section variée, notamment à résistance, qui par effet JOULE, obtenu par le passage d'un courant électrique, qui génère un dégagement de chaleur se transmettant particulièrement par conduction au travers de l'organe coupant (3) ou de la grille (5) de la tête (2). 2 - Shaving device according to claim 1 characterized in that the head (2) in its entirety or simply at the level of one or more blades (3), has at least one heating device (4) of varied section, in particular resistance, which by JOULE effect, obtained by the passage of an electric current, which generates a release of heat transmitted particularly by conduction through the cutting member (3) or the grid (5) of the head (2). 3 - Dispositif de rasage selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les organes chauffants (4) sont notamment placés en dessous ou autour des lames (3) et à leur contact, dans des cavités (6) pratiquées dans la tête (2), lors de son moulage. 3 - Shaving device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating members (4) are in particular placed below or around the blades (3) and in contact with them, in cavities (6) formed in the head (2), during its molding. 4 - Dispositif de rasage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les connexions électriques (7) entre les organes chauffants (4) et la batterie (8) d'accumulateurs ou les piles, sont assurées si la tête (2) est montée pivotante sur le corps (1), par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité de contacts (9), disposés sur chacune des pièces en mouvement relatif, préférentiellement au niveau de la pièce intermédiaire formant charnière. 4 - Shaving device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical connections (7) between the heating elements (4) and the battery (8) of accumulators or batteries, are ensured if the head ( 2) is pivotally mounted on the body (1), by means of a plurality of contacts (9), disposed on each of the parts in relative movement, preferably at the level of the intermediate part forming a hinge. 5 - Dispositif de rasage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les organes chauffants (4) sont de forme similaire aux organes coupants (3) disposés généralement sous une grille (5) et auprès des couteaux.  5 - Shaving device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating members (4) are similar in shape to the cutting members (3) generally arranged under a grid (5) and near the knives. 6 - Dispositif de rasage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le manche du corps (1) est revêtu d'un matériau isolant, ou d'une pluralité d'ailettes. 6 - Shaving device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the handle of the body (1) is coated with an insulating material, or a plurality of fins. 7 - Dispositif de rasage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'énergie nécessaire aux organes chauffants (4) est stockée sous forme de chaleur latente, dans un corps (10) composé d'éléments notamment eutectiques, le transfert de chaleur entre cet élément (10) et les organes chauffants (4) s'effectuant par conduction au travers d'un pont thermique entre ces derniers. 7 - Shaving device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy necessary for the heating members (4) is stored in the form of latent heat, in a body (10) composed of elements, in particular eutectic, the heat transfer between this element (10) and the heating elements (4) taking place by conduction through a thermal bridge between the latter. 8 - Dispositif de rasage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le corps eutectique (10) se recharge au sein d'un bloc adapté, pourvu notamment d'un moyen de chauffage, qui peut à la fois servir de support au corps (1) du rasoir.  8 - Shaving device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the eutectic body (10) is recharged within an adapted block, provided in particular with a heating means, which can both serve as a support to the body (1) of the razor.
FR9402063A 1994-02-23 1994-02-23 Improvements made to a shaving device. Expired - Fee Related FR2716402B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9402063A FR2716402B1 (en) 1994-02-23 1994-02-23 Improvements made to a shaving device.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9402063A FR2716402B1 (en) 1994-02-23 1994-02-23 Improvements made to a shaving device.

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FR2716402A1 true FR2716402A1 (en) 1995-08-25
FR2716402B1 FR2716402B1 (en) 1996-03-29

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1535708A1 (en) * 2003-11-26 2005-06-01 WAHL GmbH Cutting tool for electric hair clippers
DE202004002937U1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-07-07 Richter, Ada Hair removal device, e.g. dry shaver, has cutting head with cutting blade; cutting head and/or blade can be heated by heating device that can be set by regulator to skin-friendly temperature, in particular between 36, 42 degrees centigrade
WO2006039318A1 (en) 2004-10-01 2006-04-13 The Gillette Company Shaving razors and razor cartridges
WO2006065625A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 The Gillette Company Shaving razors and razor cartridges
US7202446B2 (en) * 2003-03-13 2007-04-10 Radiancy Inc. Electric shaver with vibrating head
EP2045052A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2009-04-08 Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd Shaver
WO2010017253A1 (en) * 2008-08-06 2010-02-11 The Gillette Company Heated shaving razor
US20100037463A1 (en) * 2008-08-18 2010-02-18 Michael Maichel Combination Shaving and Trimming Device
US7743506B2 (en) 2005-10-11 2010-06-29 The Gillette Company Heated shaving razors
US8319152B2 (en) * 2003-03-13 2012-11-27 Radiancy Inc. Shaver with hair preheating
US20150266190A1 (en) * 2014-03-21 2015-09-24 L.P.I. Consumer Products, Inc. Blade heating system for a razor
CN105829039A (en) * 2013-12-20 2016-08-03 吉列公司 Heated shaving razor
US9469039B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2016-10-18 The Gillette Company Heated shaving razors
US9707690B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2017-07-18 The Gillette Company Llc Heated shaving razor handle
US9751228B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2017-09-05 The Gillette Company Llc Shaving cartridges having thermal sensors
US9839476B2 (en) 2011-06-22 2017-12-12 Ictv Brands, Inc. Hair removal and re-growth suppression apparatus
US20190061185A1 (en) * 2016-01-18 2019-02-28 Advaldo de Souza Ferraz Filho Improvements made to the operating concept of a heat depilation device
EP3524396A1 (en) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-14 BIC Violex S.A. Rotary razor
EP3546160A1 (en) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-02 The Gillette Company LLC Heated shaving razor
US20220016794A1 (en) * 2019-09-11 2022-01-20 Dorco Co., Ltd. Razor assembly for razor with induction heating system
US11247357B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2022-02-15 The Gillette Company Llc Heating delivery element for a shaving razor
US11558931B2 (en) 2016-06-22 2023-01-17 The Gillette Company Llc Personal consumer product with thermal control circuitry
US11577417B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2023-02-14 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with a pivoting portion
US11590669B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2023-02-28 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with movable members
US11607820B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2023-03-21 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with movable members
US11691307B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2023-07-04 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with a pivoting portion
US11766795B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2023-09-26 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with a pivoting portion
US11780105B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2023-10-10 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with a pivoting portion
US11806885B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2023-11-07 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with movable members
US11945128B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2024-04-02 The Gillette Company Llc Razor handle with a pivoting portion
USD1021248S1 (en) 2018-03-30 2024-04-02 The Gillette Company Llc Shaving razor cartridge

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DE602004019155D1 (en) 2004-07-06 2009-03-05 Radiancy Inc IMPROVED ELECTRIC SHAVING
ES2317003T3 (en) 2004-07-06 2009-04-16 Radiancy Inc. ELECTRIC TRASURADORA UNDERSTANDING AN ELEMENT THAT ELIMINATES THE REMAINS AND ITS USE.

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GB416023A (en) * 1932-02-01 1934-09-03 Aeg Improvements in razors
FR991281A (en) * 1949-05-14 1951-10-03 Heating block for safety razors
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH87232A (en) * 1920-03-02 1921-04-16 Schuler Bruno Heatable safety razor.
US1552026A (en) * 1923-07-12 1925-09-01 Barra Charles Safety razor
GB416023A (en) * 1932-02-01 1934-09-03 Aeg Improvements in razors
FR991281A (en) * 1949-05-14 1951-10-03 Heating block for safety razors
GB2004447A (en) * 1977-09-05 1979-03-28 Mabuchi Motor Co Heating apparatus
DE2801845A1 (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-07-19 Joerg Munder Wet razor with replaceable blade - has heating element fitted in region of blade support

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7202446B2 (en) * 2003-03-13 2007-04-10 Radiancy Inc. Electric shaver with vibrating head
US8319152B2 (en) * 2003-03-13 2012-11-27 Radiancy Inc. Shaver with hair preheating
EP1535708A1 (en) * 2003-11-26 2005-06-01 WAHL GmbH Cutting tool for electric hair clippers
DE202004002937U1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-07-07 Richter, Ada Hair removal device, e.g. dry shaver, has cutting head with cutting blade; cutting head and/or blade can be heated by heating device that can be set by regulator to skin-friendly temperature, in particular between 36, 42 degrees centigrade
WO2006039318A1 (en) 2004-10-01 2006-04-13 The Gillette Company Shaving razors and razor cartridges
JP2008514366A (en) * 2004-10-01 2008-05-08 ザ ジレット カンパニー Shaving razor and razor cartridge
JP4819058B2 (en) * 2004-10-01 2011-11-16 ザ ジレット カンパニー Shaving razor and razor cartridge
US7681320B2 (en) 2004-12-15 2010-03-23 The Gillette Company Shaving razors and razor cartridges
WO2006065625A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 The Gillette Company Shaving razors and razor cartridges
US7743506B2 (en) 2005-10-11 2010-06-29 The Gillette Company Heated shaving razors
US8528213B2 (en) 2005-10-11 2013-09-10 The Gillette Company Heated shaving razors
EP2045052A4 (en) * 2006-07-20 2010-10-06 Panasonic Elec Works Co Ltd Shaver
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