US11558931B2 - Personal consumer product with thermal control circuitry - Google Patents
Personal consumer product with thermal control circuitry Download PDFInfo
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- US11558931B2 US11558931B2 US16/838,060 US202016838060A US11558931B2 US 11558931 B2 US11558931 B2 US 11558931B2 US 202016838060 A US202016838060 A US 202016838060A US 11558931 B2 US11558931 B2 US 11558931B2
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- thermal
- control unit
- emitting element
- energy emitting
- switching element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0202—Switches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/40—Details or accessories
- B26B21/405—Electric features; Charging; Computing devices
- B26B21/4056—Sensors or controlling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/40—Details or accessories
- B26B21/48—Heating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
Definitions
- the present disclosure provides for a personal consumer product having an electrically driven energy emitting element.
- Products having electrically driven heating features are prevalent. Such products can be found in cars, homes, and offices. Many such heaters require that they quickly reach a requested or preset target temperature but do not significantly exceed the temperature. It is commonly expected that heating devices are safe, especially for personal consumer products.
- thermal fuses or circuit breakers are typically used in products of sufficient size to house these electrical components without detracting from the desired form factor of the product.
- Another approach to increase the safety of a heating device is to use control circuitry for temperature regulation, with the control circuitry using an input from a temperature sensor.
- the heating element may undesirably experience excessive heating.
- Yet another approach to increasing the safety of heating devices is to control the generated heat through the use of self-limiting heating elements that have a positive temperature characteristic, sometimes referred to as “PTCs,” which increase in electrical resistance as temperature increases.
- PTCs positive temperature characteristic
- a constant voltage source e.g., a battery
- This technique can be used, for example, for a heated car mirror, certain hair stylers, and other household appliances.
- PTC-based devices are self-limiting, they can undesirably take a relatively long period of time to reach the steady state temperature, as providing power to the PTC element slows down as it comes closer to the steady state temperature.
- a personal consumer product comprising a power source and an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with the power source.
- the personal consumer product further comprises a first thermal control circuit comprising a first thermal sensor positioned to sense a temperature of the energy emitting element and a first control unit in electrical communication with the first thermal sensor.
- the first thermal control circuit also comprises a first switching element in electrical communication with the first control unit, the first switching element switchable by the first control unit between a conducting state and a non-conducting state to electrically isolate the energy emitting element from the power source.
- the first switching element is switched by the first control unit to the non-conducting state when a first sensed temperature of the energy emitting element exceeds a first thermal threshold.
- the personal consumer product further comprises a second thermal control circuit comprising a second thermal sensor positioned to sense the temperature of the energy emitting element and a second control unit in electrical communication with the second thermal sensor.
- the second thermal control circuit further comprises a second switching element in electrical communication with the second thermal sensor, the second switching element switchable by the second control unit between a conducting state and a non-conducting state to electrically isolate the energy emitting element from the power source.
- the second switching element is switched to the non-conducting state by the second control unit when a second sensed temperature of the energy emitting element exceeds a second thermal threshold.
- a method for controlling the temperature of an energy emitting element of a personal consumer device comprises supplying power to the energy emitting element from a power source, wherein a first thermal sensor is positioned proximate to the energy emitting element to sense the temperature of the energy emitting element and generate a first thermal sensor output, and a second thermal sensor is positioned proximate to the energy emitting element to sense the temperature of the energy emitting element and generate a second thermal sensor output.
- the method also comprises receiving the first thermal sensor output at a first control unit, wherein the first thermal sensor output corresponds to the temperature of the energy emitting element sensed by the first thermal sensor.
- the method also comprises electrically isolating the energy emitting element from the power source when the temperature of the energy emitting element sensed by the first thermal sensor exceeds a first thermal threshold.
- the method also comprises receiving the second thermal sensor output at a second control unit, wherein the second thermal sensor output corresponds to the temperature of the energy emitting element sensed by the second thermal sensor.
- the method also comprises electrically isolating the energy emitting element from the power source when the temperature of the energy emitting element sensed by the second thermal sensor exceeds a second thermal threshold.
- a personal consumer product comprises a power source, a user input device, and an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with the power source.
- the personal consumer product comprises a first thermal control circuit comprising a first thermal sensor positioned to sense a temperature of the energy emitting element and a first control unit in electrical communication with the first thermal sensor and the user input device, wherein the user input device is to provide a user control signal to the first control unit.
- the first thermal control circuit also comprises a first switching element in electrical communication with the first control unit, the first switching element switchable by the first control unit between a conducting state and a non-conducting state to electrically isolate the energy emitting element from the power.
- the first switching element is switched by the first control unit to the non-conducting state when a first sensed temperature of the energy emitting element exceeds an adjustable first thermal threshold, wherein the adjustable first thermal threshold is based on the user control signal.
- the personal consumer product also comprises a second thermal control circuit comprising a second thermal sensor positioned to sense the temperature of the energy emitting element and a second control unit in electrical communication with the second thermal sensor.
- the second thermal control circuit further comprises a second switching element in electrical communication with the second thermal sensor, the second switching element switchable by the second control unit between a conducting state and a non-conducting state to electrically isolate the energy emitting element from the power source.
- the second switching element is switched to the non-conducting state by the second control unit when a second sensed temperature of the energy emitting element exceeds a second thermal threshold.
- FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary personal consumer product having a heating element
- FIG. 2 depicts an exploded view of the heating element shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting an example personal consumer product having an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with a power source;
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting another example of a personal consumer product having an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with a power source;
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting another example of a personal consumer product having an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with a power source;
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram depicting yet another example of a personal consumer product having an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with a power source;
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting an operation of an example of a personal consumer product
- FIG. 8 is a circuit schematic for an example of a personal consumer product
- FIG. 9 is a circuit schematic for another example of a personal consumer product.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit schematic for yet another example of a personal consumer product.
- the present disclosure provides for personal consumer products having an energy emitting element controlled by one or more thermal control circuits.
- Various nonlimiting embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of the function, design and operation of the personal consumer products.
- One or more examples of these nonlimiting embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
- Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are nonlimiting example embodiments and that the scope of the various nonlimiting embodiments of the present disclosure are defined solely by the claims.
- the features illustrated or described in connection with one nonlimiting embodiment may be combined with the features of other nonlimiting embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
- an exemplary personal consumer product 100 having a heating element is depicted in accordance with one nonlimiting embodiment of the present disclosure. While the personal consumer product 100 is depicted as a wet-shaving razor, such depiction is for illustrative purposes only. Other examples of personal consumer products may include, without limitation, epilators or other hair cutting and/or epilating household devices, toothbrushes, laser hair removal devices, and so forth. Further, while a heating element 110 is depicted, in other embodiments the personal consumer product may additionally, or alternatively, include other types of energy emitting elements. Example energy emitting elements may include light emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, vibrating or oscillating components, and so forth.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- the personal consumer product 100 may include a shaving razor cartridge 104 mounted to a handle 102 .
- the shaving razor cartridge 104 may be fixedly or pivotably mounted to the handle 102 depending on the overall desired cost and performance.
- the shaving razor cartridge 104 may be permanently attached or removably mounted to the handle 102 .
- the shaving razor cartridge 104 may have a housing 108 with one or more blades 106 mounted thereto.
- the handle 102 may hold a power source (not shown) that supplies power to the heating element 110 .
- Many personal consumer products in accordance with the present disclosure may be battery driven, with some using a rechargeable battery that may be recharged while the personal consumer product is not in use.
- the heating element 110 may comprise a metal, such as aluminum or steel.
- the heating element 110 may be a compound of a metallic skin plate and a ceramic bar which carries electrically conducting tracks, with sensors and connection terminals being part of a control circuit in order to electrically connect the heating element 110 to one or more thermal control circuits (i.e., a primary circuit and a redundant circuit) via a flexible conducting band 112 .
- the one or more thermal control circuits may regulate current flow through the heating element 110 based on the detection of certain events, such as an excessive temperature event.
- the transformation of the electrical energy of a power source into thermal energy of the heating element 110 may be done by a resistive layer printed on the surface of a ceramic substrate, such as using thick-film technology.
- the heating element 110 may comprise a skin contacting surface 118 that delivers heat to a consumer's skin during a shaving stroke for an improved shaving experience.
- the heating element 110 may be mounted to either the shaving razor cartridge 104 or to a portion of the handle 102 .
- electrical energy of the power source may be transformed into thermal energy using other techniques, with such thermal energy being a byproduct of light generation or a byproduct of mechanical vibration, for example.
- the thermal control circuitry described herein may redundantly detect for excessive heat events and responsively isolate the energy emitting element from the power source to allow for the energy emitting element to cool.
- the heating element 110 may have a bottom surface 134 opposing the skin contacting surface 118 ( FIG. 1 ).
- a perimeter wall 136 may define the bottom surface 134 .
- One or more legs 138 may extend from the perimeter wall 136 , transverse to and away from the bottom surface 134 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates four legs 138 extending from the perimeter wall 136 .
- the legs 138 may facilitate locating and securing the heating element 110 during the assembly process.
- An insulating member 140 may be positioned within the perimeter wall 136 .
- the insulating member 140 may comprise a ceramic or other material having high thermal conductivity and excellent electrical insulator properties.
- the insulating member 140 may have a first surface (not shown) that faces the bottom surface 134 of the heating element and a second surface 144 opposite the first surface.
- the perimeter wall 136 may help contain and locate the insulating member 140 .
- the insulating member 140 may be secured to the bottom surface 134 by various bonding techniques generally known to those skilled in the art. It is understood that the perimeter wall 136 may be continuous or segmented (e.g., a plurality of legs or castellations).
- the second surface 144 of the insulating member 140 may comprise a conductive heating track 146 that extends around a perimeter of the insulating member 140 .
- a first electrical circuit track 148 may also extend generally along a perimeter of the second surface 144 .
- the first electrical circuit track 148 may be positioned inside of a boundary defined by the heating track 146 .
- the first electrical circuit track 148 may be spaced apart from the heating track 146 .
- the first electrical circuit track 148 may comprise a pair of thermal sensors 150 and 152 that are positioned on opposite lateral ends (e.g., on left and right sides) of the second surface 144 of the insulating member 140 .
- the thermal sensors 150 and 152 may be NTC-type thermal sensors (negative temperature coefficient).
- the first electrical circuit track 148 and the thermal sensors 150 and 152 may be components of a first thermal control circuit serving to detect for excessive heating events of the first electrical circuit track 148 .
- the second surface 144 of the insulating member 140 may further comprise a second electrical circuit track 158 that may be spaced apart from the heating track 146 and the first electrical circuit track 148 .
- the second electrical circuit track 158 may comprise a pair of thermal sensors 160 and 162 that are positioned on opposite lateral ends (e.g., on left and right sides) of the second surface 144 of the insulating member 140 .
- the thermal sensors 160 and 162 may be NTC-type thermal sensors.
- the second electrical circuit track 158 and the thermal sensors 160 and 162 may be components of a second thermal control circuit serving to redundantly detect for excessive heating events.
- the thermal sensors 150 and 152 may independently output a signal related to the temperature of the heating element 110 to a first control unit and the thermal sensors 160 and 162 may independently output a signal related to the temperature of the heating element 110 to second control unit.
- the output signal may be in the form of the thermal sensor's electrical resistance that varies in relation to temperature.
- the first electrical circuit track 148 may include a single sensor and the second electrical circuit track 158 may include a single sensor, with each sensor positioned generally central to the second surface 144 of the insulating member 140 .
- the sensor of the second electrical circuit track 158 may be considered redundant to the sensor of the first electrical circuit track 148 .
- a single sensor positioned in the middle of the heating element would not be necessary to provide temperature information at certain points along the heating element, such as at the lateral ends. Therefore, in accordance with certain implementations and due to the limited thermal conductance along the heating element 110 , the sensors 150 , 152 , 160 , and 162 are positioned at opposite lateral ends of the heating element 110 .
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting an example personal consumer product 300 having an energy emitting element 316 in selective electrical communication with a power source 330 .
- the power source may be a battery which may deliver up to 6 Watts of power for the duration of a typical shave and which accommodates enough energy to allow for multiple shaves.
- a power source is a rechargeable battery, such as a Lithium-Ion cell with a nominal voltage of 3.6 V and a capacity of 680 mAh.
- the resistance of the energy emitting element 316 may be about 2.5 Ohms.
- Other types of personal consumer products may utilize different types of power sources and other types of energy emitting elements may have different resistance levels.
- a first thermal sensor 350 is positioned to sense a temperature of the energy emitting element 316 .
- the first thermal sensor 350 is in electrical communication with a first control unit 370 .
- the first control unit 370 may be positioned within the handle 102 ( FIG. 1 ) and connected to the first thermal sensor 350 via the flexible conducting band 112 ( FIG. 1 ).
- a first switching element 372 is in electrical communication with the first control unit 370 .
- the first thermal sensor 350 , the first control unit 370 , and the first switching element 372 may comprise a first thermal control circuit which serves to monitor the sensed temperature of the energy emitting element 316 and detect overheating events.
- the switching of the first switching element 372 between the conductive and non-conductive state utilizes a pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the first switching element 372 when the first thermal threshold is exceeded, the first switching element 372 is switched to a non-conductive state for a predetermined period of time before being switched to a conductive state.
- the power being delivered to the energy emitting element 316 is reduced to allow the energy emitting element 316 to cool.
- the first thermal threshold may be set or selected using any of a variety of techniques.
- the first thermal threshold is preset for the personal consumer product 300 during manufacturing, such that it is not adjustable.
- the first thermal threshold may be user-adjusted. For instance, a user may interact with a user input device 390 to select one of a plurality of thermal thresholds, or otherwise adjust the thermal threshold for the first control unit 370 .
- the user input device 390 may vary, but in some embodiments the user input device 390 comprises an interactive element, such as a button, a dial, a switch, a keypad, a slider, or the like to allow a user to interact with the first control unit 370 .
- the user may be presented with a grouping of presets (i.e., such as “low and high”, or “low, medium, and high”) or the user may be able to incrementally adjust the first thermal threshold between a minimum temperature value and a maximum temperature value.
- presets i.e., such as “low and high”, or “low, medium, and high”
- a second thermal sensor 360 is positioned to also sense a temperature of the energy emitting element 316 .
- the second thermal sensor 360 is in electrical communication with a second control unit 380 .
- the second control unit 380 may be positioned within the handle 102 ( FIG. 1 ) and connected to the second thermal sensor 360 via the flexible conducting band 112 ( FIG. 1 ).
- a second switching element 382 is in electrical communication with the second control unit 380 .
- the second switching element 382 may be switchable by the second control unit 380 between a conducting state and a non-conducting state.
- the second thermal sensor 360 , the second control unit 380 , and the second switching element 382 may comprise a second thermal control circuit which, similar to the first thermal control circuit, serves to monitor the sensed temperature of the energy emitting element 316 for overheating events.
- the second switching element 382 When the second switching element 382 is in the non-conductive state, the energy emitting element 316 is electrically isolated from the power source 330 .
- the second switching element 382 is switched by the second control unit 380 to the non-conducting state when a second sensed temperature of the energy emitting element 316 exceeds a second thermal threshold.
- various control techniques may be utilized which serve to reduce the temperature of the energy emitting element 316 .
- the second thermal control circuit When an overheating event is detected by the second thermal control circuit (i.e., the second thermal threshold is exceeded), the power being delivered to the energy emitting element 316 is reduced or ceased to allow the energy emitting element 316 to cool.
- the second thermal control circuit may generally be redundant to, or a back-up of, the first thermal control circuit, such that should a component of either the first thermal control circuit or the second thermal control circuit fail to operate, the other of the first thermal control circuit or the second thermal control circuit continues to monitor for excessive heat events and takes action should an excessive heat event occur.
- the first thermal threshold and the second thermal threshold may be independently set. In some embodiments, the thermal thresholds are set at substantially the same temperature whereas in other embodiments one is set at a level higher than the other. For embodiments utilizing the user input device 390 and having a preset maximum temperature value for the first thermal threshold, the second thermal threshold may be set to be higher than the maximum temperature value.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting another example of a personal consumer product 400 having an energy emitting element 416 in selective electrical communication with a power source 430 .
- This embodiment is generally similar to the consumer product 300 depicted in FIG. 3 , except each of the first and second thermal control circuits comprise multiple thermal sensors.
- each of the thermal sensors of the first thermal control circuit (depicted as first thermal sensor 450 and fourth thermal sensor 452 ) may be positioned at lateral opposing ends of the energy emitting element 416 .
- each of the thermal sensors of the second thermal control circuit (depicted as second thermal sensor 460 and third thermal sensor 462 ) may also be positioned at lateral opposing ends of the energy emitting element 416 .
- thermal sensor arrangement is similar to the arrangement depicted in FIG. 2 , for example.
- the thermal sensor arrangement may be due to the limited lateral thermal conductance of the energy emitting element 416 .
- the use of multiple thermal sensors 450 , 452 , 460 , and 462 may allow for additional and finer control of the energy emitting element 416 , as additional thermal information may be provided to each of a first control unit 470 and a second control unit 480 .
- the first and fourth thermal sensors 450 and 452 are each positioned to sense a temperature of the energy emitting element 416 . Each of the first and fourth thermal sensors 450 and 452 are in electrical communication with the first control unit 470 .
- a first switching element 472 is in electrical communication with the first control unit 470 . The first switching element 472 may be switchable by the first control unit 470 between a conducting state and a non-conducting state based on signals received from the first thermal sensor 450 and/or the fourth thermal sensor 452 , which may be in the form of a change in resistance, for example.
- the first control unit 470 detects an overheating event based on signals received from either of the first or fourth thermal sensors 450 and 452 , the power being delivered to the energy emitting element 416 is reduced to allow the energy emitting element 416 to cool.
- the second and third thermal sensors 460 and 462 are also positioned to sense a temperature of the energy emitting element 416 .
- Each of the first and second thermal sensors 460 and 462 are in electrical communication with the second control unit 480 .
- a second switching element 482 is in electrical communication with the second control unit 480 .
- the second switching element 482 may be switchable by the second control unit 480 between a conducting state and a non-conducting state based on signals received from the second thermal sensor 460 and/or the third thermal sensor 462 , which may be in the form of a change in resistance, or other type of signal.
- the second control unit 480 detects an overheating event based on signals received from either of the second or third thermal sensors 460 and 462 , the power being delivered to the energy emitting element 416 is reduced to allow for the energy emitting element 416 to cool.
- the second thermal control circuit of FIG. 4 may generally be redundant to, or a back-up of, the first thermal control circuit, such that should a component of either the first thermal control circuit or the second thermal control circuit fail to operate, the other of the first thermal control circuit or the second thermal control circuit continues to monitor for excessive heat events and takes action should an excessive heat event occur.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting another example of a personal consumer product 500 having an energy emitting element 516 in selective electrical communication with a power source 530 .
- a second control unit 580 comprises a first comparator 584 and a second comparator 586 .
- first and fourth thermal sensors 550 and 552 may each be positioned to sense a temperature of the energy emitting element 516 .
- Each of the first thermal sensor 550 and the fourth thermal sensor 552 are in electrical communication with a first control unit 570 .
- a first switching element 572 is in electrical communication with the first control unit 570 .
- the first switching element 572 may be switchable by the first control unit 570 between a conducting state and a non-conducting state based on signals received from the first thermal sensor 550 and/or the fourth thermal sensor 552 .
- the first control unit 570 may perform other functions or tasks associated with the operation of the personal consumer product 500 , such as managing a user interface, battery charging, voltage monitoring and so on.
- second and third thermal sensors 560 and 562 are each positioned to also sense a temperature of the energy emitting element 516 .
- the second thermal sensor 560 is in communication with the first comparator 584 and the third thermal sensor 562 is in communication with the second comparator 586 .
- the first comparator 584 and the second comparator 586 are each in communication with a second switching element 582 , which may be switchable by either of the first or second comparator 584 , 586 between a conducting state and a non-conducting state.
- the power being delivered to the energy emitting element 516 is reduced to allow for the energy emitting element 516 to cool.
- the first and second thermal sensors 650 and 660 are in electrical communication with a first control unit 670 .
- the first control unit 670 may be a microcontroller, for example.
- the first control unit 670 may be in communication with a second control unit 680 .
- a first switching element 672 is in electrical communication with the first control unit 670 .
- the first switching element 672 may be switchable by the first control unit 670 between a conducting state and a non-conducting state based on signals received from the first thermal sensor 650 .
- a second switching element 682 is in electrical communication with the second control unit 680 .
- the second switching element 682 may be switchable by the second control unit 680 between a conducting state and a non-conducting state based on signals received from the first control unit 670 .
- the second control unit 680 may hold the second switching element 682 in a conductive state for a predetermined period of time.
- the second control unit 680 may function as a retriggerable timer that holds the second switching element 682 in a closed position for the predetermined period of time once it receives an activation signal from the first control unit 670 .
- the energy emitting element 616 will remain in electrical communication with the power source 630 .
- second control unit 680 If the second control unit 680 does not receive a signal from the first control unit 670 during the predetermined period of time, second control unit 680 will transition the second switching element 682 to a non-conductive state (i.e., open the switch) at the end of the period of time, thereby electrically isolating the energy emitting element 616 from the power source 630 and allowing the energy emitting element 616 to cool.
- the second control unit 680 will transition the second switching element 682 to a conductive state so that the energy emitting element 616 will again be in electrical communication with the power source 630
- a flow chart 700 depicts an example operation of a personal consumer product in accordance with one non-limiting embodiment.
- power is supplied to an energy emitting element from a power source.
- the energy emitting element may be, without limitation, a heating element, a LED, or a vibrating element.
- the power may be supplied by a battery, or other suitable power source.
- a first control unit receives a first thermal sensor output that corresponds to the temperature of the energy emitting element.
- the first thermal sensor output may be, for example, a voltage level that fluctuates based on the temperature of the first thermal sensor.
- the first thermal sensor may be positioned proximate to the energy emitting element such that it generates an output proportional to, or at least correlated to, the temperature of the energy emitting element.
- a second control unit receives a second thermal sensor output that also corresponds to the temperature of the energy emitting element.
- the second thermal sensor may be positioned proximate to the energy emitting element such that it also generates an output proportional to, or at least correlated to the temperature of the energy emitting element.
- the first thermal threshold may be preset or user-selected, as described above.
- the process determines whether the sensed temperature at the second thermal sensor exceeds a second thermal threshold. If it is decided at block 706 that the first threshold has not been exceeded, the process loops back to block 702 . If it is decided at block 712 that the first threshold has not been exceeded, the process loops back to block 702 . If, however, it is decided at block 706 that the first thermal threshold has been exceeded, or if it is decided at block 712 that the second thermal threshold has been exceeded, then the process advances to block 708 . At block 708 the energy emitting element is electronically isolated from the power source, as an excessive heating event is occurring.
- the process then loops back to block 704 and 710 so that it may be determined whether the excessive heating event remains. If the excessive heating event is no longer occurring, the process will loop back to block 702 and power will again be supplied to the energy emitting element.
- the circuit schematic 800 includes a first (i.e., primary) thermal control circuit and a second (i.e., redundant) thermal control circuit, similar to the block diagram shown in FIG. 3 .
- An energy emitting element 816 is in selective electrical communication with a power source 830 through each of a first switching element 872 , shown as MOSFET transistor T 1 , and a second switching element 882 , shown as MOSFET transistor T 2 .
- the first switching element 872 is controlled by a first control unit 870 and the second switching element 882 is controlled by a second control unit, shown as a voltage comparator 880 .
- the energy emitting element 816 Since the first switching element 872 , the energy emitting element 816 , and the second switching element 882 are in a series arrangement, if either of the first switching element 872 or the second switching element 882 is placed into a non-conductive state then the energy emitting element 816 is electrically isolated from the power source 830 .
- a first thermal sensor 850 and second thermal sensor 860 are each positioned proximate to the energy emitting element 816 and are each a component of the first thermal control circuit and the second thermal control circuit, respectively.
- the first thermal sensor 850 feeds an input to a measuring port P 2 of the first control unit 870 that is representative of the sensed temperature, as the first thermal sensor 850 changes resistance with temperature.
- a precision resistor R 1 is used to convert this resistance change into a voltage change which may be processed by first control unit 870 to monitor for excess heating events.
- the first control unit 870 may selectively switch the first switching element 872 between the conductive and non-conductive states via an actuation port P 8 depending on whether a threshold temperature has been reached or not, based on the input voltage at port P 3 .
- the energy emitting element 816 may generally be held at a constant temperature.
- the first control unit 870 may also manage other operations of the personal consumer product, such as by illuminating LEDs 832 and 834 , monitoring the position of a power switch 836 , and controlling a power supply switch 838 (shown as MOSFET transistor T 3 ) that provides power to the redundant thermal control circuitry, for example.
- the first control unit 870 switches the power supply switch 838 to a conductive state by drawing port P 1 to ground, which provides power to the second thermal circuit (i.e., the voltage comparator 880 ).
- the second thermal circuit i.e., the voltage comparator 880
- the second thermal circuit will work properly, as the voltage difference between the inverting and non-inventing inputs (as described in more detail below) do not depend on the supply voltage.
- the second thermal sensor 860 feeds a signal to the second control unit, shown as a voltage comparator 880 , which is representative of the sensed temperature, as the second thermal sensor 860 changes resistance with temperature.
- Resistors R 3 and R 4 are arranged in a voltage divider and selected to place an input voltage at the non-inverting input (+) of the voltage comparator that defines a temperature threshold.
- the second thermal sensor 860 and resistor R 5 are also arranged as a voltage divider to provide an input voltage to the inverting input ( ⁇ ) of the voltage comparator 880 that corresponds to the sensor temperature.
- the voltage presented to the inverting input ( ⁇ ) of the voltage comparator 880 is lower than the voltage at the non-inverting (+) input of the voltage comparator 880 . Accordingly, the output voltage of the voltage comparator 880 is substantially equal to the VBAT voltage level, which sets the second switching element 882 in a conducting state so that current can flow through the energy emitting element 816 , assuming that the first switching element 872 is also in a conductive state.
- the output of the voltage comparator 880 will change from high to low due to the lowered resistance of the second thermal sensor 860 , which causes the second switching element 882 to open.
- the heating element 816 will then be isolated from the power source 830 allowing it to cool.
- the second thermal sensor 860 will also cool and increase its resistance. Once its resistance has reached a certain level, the output of voltage comparator 880 will change from low to high, which causes the closing of the second switching element 882 and places the heating element 816 back into electrical communication with the power source 830 .
- FIG. 9 shows a circuit schematic 900 for another example of a personal consumer product, which is similar to the block diagram shown in FIG. 4 .
- An energy emitting element 916 is in selective electrical communication with a power source 930 through each of a first switching element 972 , shown as MOSFET transistor T 1 , and a second switching element 982 , shown as MOSFET transistor T 2 .
- the first switching element 972 is controlled by a first control unit 970 and the second switching element 982 is controlled by a second control unit, shown as a first voltage comparator 984 and a second voltage comparator 986 .
- the first control unit 970 and the first switching element 972 are part of a first thermal control circuit that also includes a first thermal sensor 950 and a fourth thermal sensor 952 .
- the first and second voltage comparators 984 and 986 and the second switching element 982 are part of a second thermal control circuit that also includes a second thermal sensor 960 and a third thermal sensor 962 .
- first thermal sensor 950 second thermal sensor 960 , third thermal sensor 962 , and fourth thermal sensor 952 are positioned proximate to the energy emitting element 916 . Similar to the circuit schematic depicted in FIG. 8 , the first thermal sensor 950 and the fourth thermal sensor 952 each provide inputs to measuring ports P 3 and P 8 , respectively, of the first control unit 970 that are representative of the sensed temperature based on the resistances of the first thermal sensor 950 and the fourth thermal sensor 952 . Precision resistors R 1 and R 2 are used to convert the resistance of these sensors into voltages which may be processed by the first control unit 970 .
- the first control unit 970 may selectively switch the first switching element 972 between non-conducting and conducting states via an actuation port P 8 depending on whether a threshold temperature has been reached. Through this first thermal control circuit, the energy emitting element 916 may generally be held at a constant temperature. In addition to this temperature control function, the first control unit 970 may also manage other operations of the personal consumer product, such as illuminating LEDs 932 and 934 , monitoring the position of a power switch 936 , and controlling a power supply switch 938 that provides power to the redundant thermal control circuitry, for example.
- the second thermal sensor 960 provides an input to the first voltage comparator 984 and the third thermal sensor 962 provides an input to the second voltage comparator 986 .
- the resistances of each of these thermal sensors vary based on the temperature.
- Resistors R 3 and R 4 are arranged in a voltage divider and selected to place an input voltage at the non-inverting input (+) of each of the first and second voltage comparators 984 and 986 to define a temperature threshold.
- the second thermal sensor 960 and resistor R 5 are arranged as a voltage divider to provide an input voltage to the inverting input ( ⁇ ) of the first voltage comparator 984 .
- the third thermal sensor 962 and resistor R 6 are arranged as a voltage divider to provide an input voltage to the inverting input ( ⁇ ) of the second voltage comparator 986 .
- the input voltage at the inverting inputs ( ⁇ ) of the first and second voltage comparators 984 and 986 therefore vary based on the temperature (i.e., resistance) of the second thermal sensor 960 and the third thermal sensor 962 , respectively.
- the resistance of the second thermal sensor 960 and/or the third thermal sensor 962 will decrease to a level which causes the output of the corresponding voltage comparator 984 and/or 986 to change from high to low thereby causing the second switching element 982 to open.
- the heating element 916 will be isolated from the power source 930 allowing it to cool and allowing the second thermal sensor 960 and/or the third thermal sensor 962 to increase in resistance. Once the resistance of the second thermal sensor 960 and/or the third thermal sensor 962 has increased to a certain level, the originally triggered voltage comparator(s) 984 and/or 986 will change from low to high to close the second switching element 982 and place the heating element 916 back into electrical communication with the power source 930 , assuming that the first switching element 972 is also in a conductive state.
- FIG. 10 shows a circuit schematic 1000 for another example of a personal consumer product, which is similar to the block diagram shown in FIG. 6 .
- multiple thermal sensors and multiple switching elements are used to provide redundancy, but the control unit is not redundant.
- a second thermal sensor 1060 is redundant to a first thermal sensor 1050 and a second switching element 1082 is redundant to a first switching element 1072 .
- the first thermal sensor 1050 which changes its resistance based on sensed temperature, feeds a voltage to a measuring port P 3 of a first control unit 1070 that is representative of the sensed temperature with a precision resistor R 1 converting the resistance change into a voltage change that may be processed by the first control unit 1070 .
- the first control unit 1070 may selectively switch the first switching element 1072 between a conductive and non-conductive state via an actuation port P 9 depending on whether a threshold temperature has been reached or not as determined by the voltage at measuring port P 3 .
- an energy emitting element 1016 may generally be held at a constant temperature.
- the first control unit 1070 may also manage other operations of the personal consumer product, such as illuminating LEDs 1032 and 1034 , and monitoring the position of a power switch 1036 , among other operations.
- a monostable multivibrator 1080 (sometimes called a one-shot multivibrator) serves as a second control unit that is used to control the operational state of the second switching element 1082 . Due to operationally different software processes in the first control unit 1070 that control the respective first switching element 1072 and the second switching element 1082 , certain process redundancy may be achieved, as a failure of one process may not directly lead to a failure of the other process.
- the monostable multivibrator 1080 receives a control signal from the actuation port P 1 of the first control unit 1070 .
- the monostable multivibrator 1080 generates an output that is used to control the second switching element 1082 , which is a p-MOSFET transistor in the illustrated embodiment.
- the second switching element 1082 is closed (i.e., in a conductive state) allowing current to flow through the energy emitting element 1016 .
- the output of the monostable multivibrator 1080 is switched on for a defined time period after receiving an input signal on the input of the monostable multivibrator 1080 . This input signal is periodically provided by the first control unit 1070 via the activation port P 1 .
- the duration of the output signal of the monostable multivibrator 1080 is defined by a timing circuit comprising a resistor R 3 and a capacitor C 1 .
- the duration of the output signal of the monostable multivibrator 1080 may be slightly longer than the period of the trigger signal created by the activation port P 1 of the first control unit 1070 .
- the output of the monostable multivibrator 1080 remains low to maintain the second switching element 1082 in a conductive state.
- the monostable multivibrator 1080 will provide an output that will switch the second switching element 1082 to an open (i.e., non-conductive) state to isolate the energy emitting element 1016 from the power source.
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
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US16/838,060 US11558931B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2020-04-02 | Personal consumer product with thermal control circuitry |
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US15/189,289 US10652956B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2016-06-22 | Personal consumer product with thermal control circuitry and methods thereof |
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US16/838,060 Active 2037-09-01 US11558931B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2020-04-02 | Personal consumer product with thermal control circuitry |
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