FR2643129A1 - CONDUIT SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR FOR MINOTERIES - Google Patents

Abstract

The system of conduits, in particular for pipes in flour mills, is used to allow flow in the same direction and / or to achieve a change of direction and / or the distribution and / or the stopping of essentially powdery or granular products. flowing in the pipes. The spherical shaped parts are formed by at least two spherical or spherical shell envelopes 1a, 2a connected together and connected to each other by a flanged seal 8 allowing elastic displacement and formed on one of the spherical envelopes by a rim of snap 8a and on the other spherical envelope connected to the first, by a groove 8b in which the connector 8a fits. Application to the production of orientable conduits for pulverulent materials.

Description

CONDUIT SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR FOR

MILLS

  The present invention relates to a duct system, in particular for pipes in flour mills, used to allow the flow in the same direction and / or to achieve a change of direction and / or the distribution and / or stop of products essentially

  powdery or granular materials that flow into

  in which each conduit of this conduit system has an inner passage chamber, while at least two openings are connected to the inner chamber,

  at least one entrance opening and at least one opening

  outlet, which are arranged inside the ducts one or more inserts allowing the passage and / or change of direction of the products flowing in the pipe and / or which block the passage and o the outer casing is spherical or has spherical portions. So-called discharge pipes, which are common in flour mills, generally have top marks

  down, and must be connected to each other

  your ways. There are pipe fittings that are only suitable for a change of direction of the material flowing in the pipe. Among these are the assembly elements of tubes with a relatively simple structure and which allow a change of direction only according to determined angles of inclination, the so-called elbow connectors and elbow connectors articulated according to a

adjustable angular direction.

  Also known among these is a mode of realization.

  corresponding to a type of joint

  spherical. In this known structure, the seal is constituted

  killed by an outer spherical envelope that can turn on an inner spherical envelope. To fix it according to the desired angular position, a collar of

clamping, arranged outside.

  So-called panty hose is used to distribute or group together pulverulent products or

  grained from two locations and which are trans-

  carried in the piping. The distribution of the trans-

  worn can be modified by means of directional plates or adjustable flaps-which are arranged in the hose with panties. There is also known an embodiment in which the guide plate or the shutter can be placed in a position such that one or the other outlet of the pipe or the

  bifurcated exit comes in closed position.

  Stop pipes in flour mills also work according to the above principle. The pipe connections of mills known to date are generally characterized by the use of ducts constructed

  with various elements to solve technical problems.

  different types. For example, such ducts can be found in the product catalog of the German company

Jacob.

  Known piping fittings are made of metal, generally in welded construction except for articulated couplings. Metal fittings have large masses because of the large diameters required in the milling and milling industry and

  it is certain that they can only be connected to

  mites of pipes provided with flanges. This requires the use

  additional connecting elements and, in addition, a sealing element is required to prevent the exit

  powdered product transported.

  The object of the invention is to propose a system of ducts based on modular elements which consists of economically feasible elements that are easy to install.

  mount, functionally connected to each other and interchangeably

  ble. The object of the invention is to provide, with the same elements of a single duct system, an assembly of pipes satisfying all the requirements of the ministries such as the change of direction, the distribution, the meeting, the return in another direction of the material transported in the piping, as well as the supervision of

  this and the taking of samples.

  The idea of the invention is based on the knowledge that when a spherical body is disposed as an insert and inserted into a spherical shell, the casing and the insert can rotate together. this way. It may be arranged, somewhere on the bowl and the insert, one or more common passage openings, at least one can advantageously pass through the center of the sphere. If the spherical envelope is rotated on the spherical insert, the outlet openings thereof close. However, we can always find

  least one position for which the openings of the enve-

  Spherical loppe and insert can be brought

  by rotating into a common passage position.

  It is also known that the envelope and the spherical element

  They can be divided into two identical parts, so that the axis of their passage apertures form, with the plane of the section, an angle not perpendicular to it. Under these conditions, the two half-elements constituted by the parts of the spherical insert and of the spherical envelope are rotated together in the plane of the section and, while the spherical envelope and the spherical insert do not do not move relative to each other in the two half-elements, the angle formed by the axes of their openings is modified with respect to the initial state. Thus, we can realize the change of direction

  pipes connected to the outlet openings of the enve-

  loppe shaped spherical shell.

2643129.

  If one of the two half-elements is held while the other is subjected to a complete rotation, the opening of

  output of the half-element subjected to rotation describes a path

  circular plane, the plane thereof being parallel to the plane of the section and the radius of the circular path depending on the angle formed by the plane of the section and the axis of the opening. The radius of the circular path is larger as the angle formed by the plane of the section and the axis of the opening deviates further from the angle

law.

  We also know, from what has just been said, that

  the angle formed by the plane of the section and the axis of the opening

  determines the maximum angular deviation of the positions

  possible for the pipe connected to the spherical envelope.

  The axes of the passage opening and the connecting pipes

  the apertures can be adjusted in any angular position by rotation in the plane of the section of the two half-elements applied against each other, in

  the limits of the maximum angular difference.

  According to the idea of the invention, the spherical inserts inside the spherical shell-like envelope can also be moved by the shell as well as independently of it and their openings can determine a closed or open position. It is on this knowledge that the conformation of the ducts rests

  distribution, change of direction and

  killed by an envelope shaped like a spherical shell and by

  spherical inserts.

  The duct system according to the invention fulfills this purpose, in particular for pipes in flour mills, where it serves to allow the flow to continue in the same direction and / or to effect a change of direction.

  and / or the distribution and / or shutdown of the essential

  powder or granules that flow into the

  yauteries, in which each duct of the duct system comprises an inner passage chamber, to which are connected at least two openings, or at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, while being arranged at the inside the ducts one or more elements that allow the passage and / or a change of direction of the products flowing in the pipe and / or block the passage and o the outer casing is spherical or contains shaped parts spherical. The duct is made in such a way that the spherical portions are constituted by at least two spherical or spherical shell shells connected together, the spherical shells being connected between

  they have a flanged joint allowing an elastic movement

  and on the other spherical envelope connected to the first by a groove in which the flange, the dimensions and the shapes of the flange and the

  groove are combined with one another and

  mutual, the spherical envelopes constituting the conduit have common or intersecting axes of rotation and one or more rotation surfaces forming, with the axes of rotation, preferably equal angles, but not straight, which constitute at the same time a separation plane while an interchangeable insert is provided in the inner chamber of the spherical shell, the inserts have externally a spherical surface fitting spherical shells and a same rotational surface and internally one or more cavities of passage, that the interchangeable insert is attached to the spherical shell by a removable connecting member and that, if appropriate, a suitable crank, perpendicular to the rotational surface and intended for

  modify the reciprocal positions of the connection openings

  entrance and exit, is mounted in one of the

  spherical loppes connected to the other and provided with an insert. According to another embodiment of the duct system according to the invention, the crank penetrates through the spherical envelope in a seat of the insert and the rotation plane of the crank is parallel to the plane of

  the rotational surface of the spherical envelope.

  The spherical envelopes have, for their opening

  connections, a tubular collar-shaped fastening assembly for connection to the pipe, this tubular collar-shaped fastener assembly has an axial cut and one or more bores or tappings and an assembly bolt exerting a compression force is engaged in drilling or tapping to tighten

  the connection opening on the pipework.

  According to another embodiment of the duct system according to the invention, it suitably comprises an insert element disposed with a 90 'offset in one of the spherical envelopes in order to block the opening of

outlet connection.

  According to another characteristic of the duct system according to the invention, an insert fitting a branched spherical envelope provided with a double connection opening and allowing flow in a direction or an insert element allowing the meeting and / or or the split in two directions is part of the envelope

  spherical which has only one opening of connection

entry fee.

  The spherical shell may have a suitable viewing aperture for monitoring flowing products and / or a temporary tubing for deriving these

  products in the spherical envelope.

  According to yet another embodiment of the invention,

  any spherical envelope provided with a flange may be assembled with any spherical envelope provided with a groove when

  have the same sphere diameter.

  The passage cavity between the elements connected to a single direction of passage is of cylindrical shape, while the passage cavity of the dual distribution passage tweezers has a shape resulting from the intersection of cylinders whose axes of rotation are

cut in a common plane.

  The flanged joints now assembled the spherical envelopes may comprise a fastening ring provided with a

  drilling receiving the assembly element.

  Spherical envelopes and inserts are preferably made of resilient plastics material.

  Other goals, features and benefits will appear

  read the description of various modes of

  embodiment of the invention, made in a nonlimiting manner and with reference to the appended drawing, o: - Figure la shows in section a possible embodiment of a conduit according to the invention, which passage conduit with change of direction comprises spherical envelopes at 45/90 ';

  FIG. 1b shows in section a portion of the adjustment

  flanged half of a duct of Figure la; - Figure 2 shows a half-section of an embodiment of a conduit according to the invention having spherical shells 22.5 / 45, and a change of direction bend; - Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a conduit according to the invention consisting of a branched spherical envelope at 90 'for joining products;

  FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a duct constituting

  killed by a branched spherical envelope to gather products; FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a conduit of

  passage and stop with change of direction

  consisting of spherical envelopes

orientated & 45/90 ';

  FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a conduit of

  exchange of material consisting of a branched spherical envelope at 90 ';

  FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a conduit of

  exchange of matter consisting of a spherical envelope branched at 60 '; Figure 8 is a sectional view of a product distribution, exchange and stop pipe consisting of a branched spherical shell at 60 '; FIG. 9 is a plan view of the insert element in the lower part of the duct constituted by spherical envelopes branched at 60 'along the reproduced IX-IX section plane of FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a half-sectional view of a bend of

  change of direction with an opening

look;

  FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the temporary organ

  evening of branching and sampling

  samples consisting of enve-

  Spherical loppes oriented at 45/90 "- Figure 12 represents in perspective some of the

  embodiments of the invention.

  The essence of the invention, namely the continuous variation

  the angle between the connected pipes, within defined angular limits and any direction of the space, is represented by means of the

  change of direction shown in Figure la.

  The duct is constituted by two half-units fitted on one another, namely the 45/90 spherical envelope with groove and the spherical envelope 1b, also at 45/90 with flange. An insert and insert 5a at 45/90 'to a single

  branch is arranged in each of the two spherical envelopes

  la and 2a and builds on their inner wall. The or-

  4a is located on the spherical envelope 1a, while the outlet connection opening 4b is disposed on the spherical shell 2a and that the openings are connected to the ends of the pipes by a spigot-shaped connection. necklace. In the position shown, the rotation axes 14a and 14b of the spherical envelopes 1a and 2a are common. The material (or the products transported) then continues its course through the inner chamber without

change direction.

  The hemispherical envelopes 1 and 2a, including the inserts or inserts therein, adjust simultaneously in planes common to the rotational surface

  inner 13a and the outer rotational surface 13b.

  The two half-elements that constitute the conduit are completely symmetrical, apart from the flanged seal 8. The inserted elements 5a are advantageously held in position by means of a removable fastening element 9, such as a stud or a screw, to avoid a

  twist inside the spherical envelopes la and 2a.

  The assembly of the half-elements assembled in advance is

  made by means of the flanged seal 8. The flange 8a of the

  Spherical flap with flange 2a can be snapped into the groove 8b formed in the wall of the spherical groove envelope. The spherical casings 1a and 2a are made of a plastic material allowing a variation of elastic shape and their adaptation can thus be performed with relative ease. The two half-elements are rotated in the desired direction with respect to each other on the rotation surfaces 13a and 13b, and are then held together by means of screws engaged in the bores 8c.

  fixing eyelets 8d in order to prevent their rotation intem-

  -timed. The flanged seal 8 is shown in the dissociated state in FIG. 1b in correspondence with the "A" portion of the

figure the.

  Both reported elements 5a each include a

  seat 11 for the establishment of a crank 10 perpendicular

  culairement to the rotation surfaces 13a or 13b in the direction of the axis of rotation positioned at the point of intersection of the axes of rotation 14a and 14b spherical envelopes la and lb. The crank 10 is shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 and it allows to bring the upper half-element

  containing the insert 5a on the rotating surfaces

  13a and 13b in the position shown in phantom

discontinuous in the figure.

  The axes of rotation 14 and 14b, which initially coincided and, therefore, the passage cavities 6a and the inlet connection opening 4a and the opening of

  output connection 4b take perpendicular positions

  between them. This change of direction duct makes it possible to obtain a change of direction of at most 90 '. The angle of change of direction can be chosen at will between 0 and 90 ', depending on the importance of the rotation to be performed. The maximum opening of the angle of change of direction depends on the angle formed by the connection openings 4a and 4b with the rotation surfaces 13a and 13b parallel to each other. It is exactly 45 'in the case of this duct, which allows a maximum change of direction of 90'. The added designation 45/90 indicates, for the spherical casings 1a and 2a and for the insert 5a, the angle between the planes of the connection openings 4a and 4b and the rotation surfaces 13a and 13b, on the one hand , and the maximum aperture

  allowed by the rotation, on the other hand.

  The opening allowed by the rotation is always double the angle mentioned above, in our example 2 x 45 ', that is to say 90'. Of course, any value that is appropriate for structural reasons can be chosen. In the light of experience, all the requirements imposed in practice can be satisfied by means of the aforementioned elements, consisting of 22.5 / 45 'directional bends and ducts.

branched at 60 'and 90'.

  Figure 2 shows another embodiment suitable for a smaller change of direction. Its structure and mode of operation are fully in line with

  the description of Figure 1. The axis of rotation 14a of

  the inlet connection opening 4a and the rotational axis

  14b of the outlet connection opening are

  staggered at 45 'between them. The spherical envelope

  22.5 / 45 'groove lc and the spherical shell 2c flanged, which is connected to the first at the same angle,

  as well as the elements also reported at 22.5 / 45

  placed in their interior, are juxtaposed on the inner surface of rotation 13a and externally on the surface

rotation i3b.

  The maximum change of direction can represent in this case 45 '. The conformation of the flanged seal 8 and the arrangement of the removable fastening element 9 agree with what has just been said. On the half-view, the tubular connection fitting 7, in the form of a collar, is clearly visible. The spherical casings 1c and 2c, applied against the ends of the tube, can be tightened using

  7d assembly bolts screwed into threads 7c.

  Figure 3 shows a conduit with outlets in three directions. A single outlet connection opening 4b belongs to one of the half-elements, that is to say to

  the spherical envelope 45/90 'with groove at the bottom.

  A double connection opening 4c is disposed on the spherical envelope 3b branching 90 'of the upper half-element. According to this arrangement, the conduit serves to gather products and can be used to distribute products, in the inverted position, when the branching is

directed downstream.

  The directions of rotation axes 14b and 14c of

  double connection openings 4c arranged in the housing

  Branched spherical loppe 3b can not be permuted. The plane of common rotation of the two half-elements is constituted by the inner rotational surface 13a, thanks to which

  the two half-elements can undergo a complete rotation.

  The axis of rotation 14d is perpendicular to the surface of

rotation 13a.

  The reported element 5a known and the element with two branches

  5d to 45 'are fixed by means of the removable connecting element 9 on the spherical envelope 1a and on the envelope

  spherical 3b, as indicated above.

  The inner chamber 13 comprises a passage cavity

  simple 6a and a double passage cavity 6b.

  Figure 4 also shows a conduit for joining products. Its structure and method of operation

  are consistent with the description in Figure 3. A difference

  resides in the angle constituted by the axes of rotation 14b and 14c of the double connection openings 4c of the upper half-element which is, in this case, 60 '. As a result, the upper half-element has a spherical envelope

  branched at 60 3a and an attached element 5a with two branches.

  Here too, the two half-elements can undergo a complete rotation 360 'on the rotation surface 13a, around

the axis of rotation 14d.

  FIG. 4 clearly shows the slot 7a of the collar-shaped tubular fastener 7 for the connection openings 4c, which facilitates mounting of the conduit on the pipe ends. The collar-shaped tubular fastener 7 can be held after its

  tight fitting by bolts, as already described.

  It emerges from the illustrated embodiments that it is unnecessary to use gaskets for pipe and pipe assemblies, in order to avoid

  the output of the pulverulent material transported. The opening

  connections 4a, 4b and 4c of the spherical envelopes

  la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a and 3b made of plastic

  elastic are mounted elastically on the pipes.

  FIG. 5 shows a stop pipe which constitutes a variant of the change-over passage duct shown in FIG. 1. The branch-connected element 5a 45/90 is likewise arranged in the spherical envelope 45/90 'groove, however, this element 5a is shifted 90' in the upper half-element relative to the spherical shell 2a 45/90 flange and thus closes the outlet connection opening 4b. If this conduit must

  be used durably for blocking, the reporting element

  5a can be fixed using the crank 10.

  This conduit is also suitable for performing a periodic blocking during service. The element 5a should thus be fixed only during the assembly period; after the

  removal of the connecting element 9, the opening of connection

  4b is closed by printing to the

  5a rotated 180- about the axis of rotation 14d by means of the crank 10 engaged in the seat 11 of the insert 5a. Repeated opening or blocking can

  to take place at any time. For the implementation of the

  a sliding slot lc can be provided on the housing.

  spherical loppe 2a. The conduit, according to this variant, is also suitable for a change of direction, that is to say to connect pipes oriented in different directions. Fig. 6 shows a product exchange conduit at 90 and Fig. 7 a product exchange conduit with a branch at 60 '. The first corresponds to the product meeting conduit of Figure 3 and the last one to that of

Figure 4 with reverse mounting.

  In these cases, the two connection openings 4c are directed downstream. The transportation of the inflowing product into the conduit through the inlet connection opening can

  be oriented towards one or other of the connection openings

  4c. The upper half-element is, in both variants, constituted by identical spherical enclosures 45/90 * identical with grooves and by an insert 5a 45 / 90O

  to a branch that is attached to their interior.

  The spherical envelope branched at 90 3b serves as half

  lower element 3b in FIG. 6; the same is true for the branched spherical envelope 60 3a in FIG. 7. In both variants, any connection opening 5c

  can be closed by means of the insert 45/90 5a.

  With the crank 10, the insert 5a can be rotated around the axis of rotation 14d so as to switch the connection openings 4c of the state

  -30 open in the closed state and vice versa.

  Similarly, on the conduits used in this way, the half-elements can rotate relative to each other on the rotating surface 13a and can therefore, here too,

  establish a tubular assembly in a desired direction.

  Of course, the spherical envelope la and the element

  5a fixed on it rotate together when changing direction.

  FIG. 8 represents a path that can be used to

  satiomndiverses. Its external form agrees with that of

  product exchange line 60 'shown in FIG. 7.

  However, the upper half-member has a distribution insert 5f, also 45/90 ', in the spherical envelope 45/90' with a groove. This insert is shown on the right of the figure after removal of the spherical envelope.

  that the. On the lower half-element, the lower insert of

  5g distribution is arranged in the spherical envelope rami-

  at 60 3a. One thus forms, at the bottom as at the top, a

  double pass cavity 6b in the duct.

  The distribution inserts 5f and 5g are made in such a way that the upper distribution insert 5f can

  to be brought into any position through the

  10 by rotation about the axis of rotation 14d, which allows to obtain the desired product distribution between the two lower connection ports 4c. Thus, the distribution of products flowing through the inlet connection opening 4a can be achieved in any

what proportion between 0 and 100%.

  This also means that the conduit can be used as a stopper. All the material flows then, after closing one or the other opening of

  output 4c, through the other open opening 4c.

  FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the distribution insert 5g housed in the spherical envelope 3a along the section plane IX-IX of FIG. 8, which coincides with the inner rotational surface 13a. The contours of the lower distribution insert 5g and the contours of the outlet connection openings 4c can be seen in the plane of the inner rotational surface 13a. The double passage cavity 6b is formed between them. FIG. 9 exclusively shows the lower distribution insert 5g fixed in the state where the distribution of the products towards the outlet connection openings 4c corresponds to a

distribution of 50/50%.

  It will be noted that the product exchange ducts of FIGS. 6 and 7 are also suitable for distributing the products. For this purpose, the insert 5a must be brought into the branched spherical envelope 3a or 3b in an average position between the two connection openings 4c corresponding to the desired distribution ratio, using the crank 10. FIG. 10 represents a variant of the turn-off bend already shown in Figure 2 and which is provided with a manhole opening 12 to monitor the material or products that flow. The eye opening 12 on the spherical shell 2c flange can be opened by rotation of the insert 5c. Position after

  rotation is shown in broken lines.

  FIG. 11 represents a modification of the passageway with change of direction shown in FIG. 1

  to allow the taking of samples. An opening

  sample collection procedure 17 is provided for the

  spherical veloppe the groove, according to this figure.

  The sampling opening 17 is closed in the normal operating position by the insert 5a and the material or

  products flow freely between the opening of

  input device 4a and the connection opening of

tie 4b.

  For sample collection, the insert 5a can be rotated by means of the crank 10 so that the outlet connection opening 4b is closed. At the same time, the flow of material through the temporary tubing 15, placed in the sampling aperture, is released. The temporary tubing 15 is shown in broken lines. The insert 5a is returned to its initial position at

the end of the sampling.

  In Figures 12 to 15, there is shown in perspective the main types of the duct system. We can see, on all types, the contour of the rotating surface

  13b at the connection point of two half

elements.

  FIG. 12 represents the bent direction change element consisting of the spherical envelopes 22, 5 and 45, and FIG. 13 the conduit transmitting a change of direction 45/90 'constituted by the spherical envelopes 1a and 2a with connection openings. 4a and 4b directed

  exactly perpendicular.

  Fig. 14 shows a branched or branched duct at 60 'and Fig. 15 a variant at 90' thereof. An important advantage of the duct system according to the invention is due to the fact that the ducts can be constituted in a modular way by interlocking and interchangeable elements which assume different

  positions. The ducts are suitable for mounting in any

  door which position and the angle between the pipes can be any. Neither the branch ducts nor the distribution ducts require a vertical arrangement

or almost vertical.

  The duct system can be economically realized. The various structural elements lend themselves to mass production and can be mounted and installed easily. It is not necessary for laying that the connected pipes have flanges, as is the case for most ducts currently used for connections in flour mills. The self weight of the ducts according to the invention is relatively small because the spherical envelope, as well as the elements reported therein, are made of plastic. It

  results in an absence of deterioration by corrosion.

  The application of a special seal between the pipe and the end of the pipes is not necessary because it is possible to obtain a tight seal thanks to the direct collar connection and the pulverulent material transported

  can not escape. The ducts do not require any

  tretien during service. Maintenance and repair require only a few spare parts because the parts are interchangeable.

  The control of the ducts can be carried out by

  control and an electric motor or a pneumatic cylinder allows, for example, to switch the positions inside the conduit or to change the mutual positions of the two half-elements. Automation is thus easy to achieve and one only has to worry about crank control.

  The invention can be used in a wide field.

* It was developed primarily for applications

  in the milling and milling industry, for the trans-

  port of ground products; but it can also be used profitably for other pulverulent or granular materials. The elements of this system can also

  be used profitably in trituration

  and to prepare animal foods or when producing synthetic fertilizers for the connection of

  pipes and for the change of direction, the distribution

  tion and blocking of transported products.

  Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown but it is capable of numerous variants accessible to the man of

  art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

  1.- Duct system, especially for pipework in flour mills, used to allow flow in the same direction and / or to effect a change of direction and / or the distribution and / or stoppage of essentially powdery products or granular material flowing in the pipes, wherein each duct of this duct system has an inner passage chamber, while at least two openings are connected to the inner chamber, at least one of which is an inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, which are arranged inside the ducts one or more inserts allowing the   passage and / or the change of direction of the products is   in the tubing and / or which block the passage and o 1s the outer casing is spherical or has spherical-shaped parts, characterized in that the spherical-shaped parts are constituted by at least two spherical or spherical shell connected casings together (la, ic, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b), in that the spherical shells (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) are connected together by a flanged seal (8) allowing an elastic displacement and constituted on one of the spherical envelopes (2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) by a   snap-on flange (8a) and on the other spherical envelope   that (la, lc) connected to the first, by a groove (8b) in which the flange (8a) fits, in that the dimensions and the shapes of the flange (Sa) and the groove (8b) are conjugated between them and allow mutual rotation, in that the spherical envelopes (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) constituting the duct have common or intersecting axes of rotation (14a, 14b, lc) and one or a plurality of rotation surfaces (13a, 13b) forming, with the axes of rotation (14a, 14b, 14c), preferably equal, but not straight, angles of angles which at the same time constitute a separation plane while an insert ( 5a, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) is provided in the inner chamber (13) of the spherical shell (1a, 1c, 2a, 2c, 3b), in that the inserts (Sa, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) externally have a spherical surface fitting spherical shells (la, lc; 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) and a same rotational surface (13a, 13b) and in one or more passage cavities (6a, 5b), in that the interchangeable insert (5a, 5c, 5e, 5d, 5f, 5g) is attached to the spherical shell (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) by a removable connecting element (9) and that, if appropriate, a suitable crank (10) perpendicular to the rotation surface (13a, 13b) and intended to modify the reciprocal positions of the openings connecting the inlet and outlet (4a, 4b, 4c), is mounted in one of the spherical envelopes (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) connected to the other and provided   an insert (5a, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g).   2.- duct system according to claim 1, characterized in that the crank (10) penetrates through the spherical envelope (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) in a seat (11) of the element reported (5a, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) and the plane of rotation of the crank (10) is parallel to the plane of the rotational surface (13a, 13b) of the envelope   spherical (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b).   3.- conduit system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spherical envelopes (la, lc, 2a,   2c, 3a, 3b) have, for their connection openings,   4a, 4b, 4c) of a collar-shaped tubular fastening assembly (7) for connection to the pipe, in that said collar-shaped tubular fastening assembly (7) has an axial cut ( 7a) and one or more holes or tappings (7c) and in that an assembly bolt (7d) exerting a compressive force is engaged in the drilling or tapping (7c) to tighten   the connection opening (4a, 4b, 4c) on the pipework.   4.- Duct system according to any one of   Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises   suitably an insert (5a) arranged with a 90 'offset in one of the spherical envelopes (1a, 2a,   3b) in order to block the connection opening of tie (4b, 4c).   5.- Duct system according to any one of   Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an element   reported (5a) adapting to a spherical envelope   (3a, 3b) provided with a double connection opening   (4c) and allowing the flow in one direction or an insert (5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) allowing the meeting and / or the distribution in two directions is part of the spherical envelope (la, lc) which only has one   only input connection opening (4a).   6.- Duct system according to any one of   Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a   eye opening (12) for monitoring the flow of   material and / or a temporary tubing (15) for   derive the matter that flows into the spherical envelope that (2a).   7.- Duct system according to any one of   Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that any   spherical shell (2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) provided with a flange (8a)   is likely to come together with any   spherical lump (la, lc) provided with a groove (8b) when   they have the same sphere diameter.   8.- Duct system according to any one of   Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cavity of   passage (6a) between the inserts (5a, 5c) with a single direction of passage is cylindrical, while   that the passage cavity (6b) of the doubly   (5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) has a shape resulting from the intersection of cylinders whose axes   rotation (14b, 14c) intersect in a common plane.   9.- Duct system according to any one of   Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the seals   flange now assembled the spherical envelopes (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) comprise a fixing eyelet (8d)   provided with a bore (8c) which receives the connecting element.   10.- Duct system according to any one of   Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the envelopes   spheres (la, lc, 2a, 2c, 3a, 3b) and the   (5a, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g) are made of plastics elastic tick.