FR2591847A1 - MACHINE FOR WORKING EARTH EQUIPPED WITH THE BACK OF SOIL LEVELING TOOLS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine for working the soil, equipped at the rear with tools for leveling the soil. The machine 1 comprises, mounted on an age 2, teeth 4 tracing hollows 5 in the earth and hollow discs 6, 7 rotating, mounted in pairs and whose convex surfaces are turned towards each other and which are offset in the direction of travel of the machine. Application: preparation of soil for sowing and leveling of furrows. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)

Description

The invention relates to a machine for working the earth, equipped

  working tools raising small ridges or "walls" or leaving behind hollows or "lines", especially cultivator teeth and equalizing tools, placed behind the teeth, which cleared as much as possible formed crests by the cultivator teeth and have the form of rotary mounted hollow discs and whose hollow surface is inclined forward towards the lines to work at an acute angle

forward.

  When working the land with cultivators or similar earth-working machines with tooth-shaped tools, deep rays and high ridges or walls between the rays are naturally produced. These rays and walls are inconvenient for subsequent work or cultivation. It is known to produce a kind of harrow or harrier (patent FR-1,360,746) whose teeth are arranged so as to disintegrate again as widely as possible the ridges. formed and to reject the clods in the formed rays. In the machine known from patent application DE-B-2 055 566, the teeth each have an inclination for obtaining a distribution as regular as possible formed ridges. In the presence of a large amount of straw or stubble, the curry closes however. In addition, its leveling and mixing effect is not sufficient. In addition to these tools for leveling or leveling teeth, there are also known equalizer tools in the form of harrows equipped with disks. In the case of these harrows

  known disks (utility model DE-U-81 01 438), an incon-

  However, this is a major lateral pull on the frame or age of the earthworking machine. To compensate as much as possible for this lateral traction, it has been tried to bear the disc harrow on inclined full wheels. This does not always succeed, however, as lateral forces change as the working depth varies. This is why we have also tried to match, by a modification of the angle, the support effect offered by the solid wheels to

  lateral forces appearing in each case. This is however

  It is inconvenient and expensive and makes the machine very difficult to pull. This is why a disc harrow is often placed behind an additional disc harrow with lateral pulling in the opposite direction. In this way, the forces counterbalance each other. But, anyway, it is very complicated to equalize the rays and walls or ridges. This embodiment is therefore associated with a high weight, which can raise problems for the devices and hydraulic circuits of the tractor. Disc harrows on one side have smaller weight problems, but in addition to the lateral pulling effect they also have the disadvantage

  to leave behind, during subsequent work passes

  quentes, new ridges and rays. In general, the complication of the disc harrows is very high because the discs only work in the vicinity of the ridges or walls and have practically no contact with the ground in the vicinity.

  area of rays and furrows. Because of the disadvantageous

  of the totality of the disks, the operation of the machine itself to work the earth undergoes besides a

strong negative influence.

  A machine to work the land and that makes

  the purpose of the utility model DE-LI-77 36 543 is to eliminate

  these disadvantages. Between the grower's teeth and behind them there are each time disks, arranged in isolation or in groups, which are intended to level the ridges or walls. The disks are rotatably mounted and, according to a particular embodiment, they must also be constituted by cru-x disks. In

  the case of a realization of this kind of machine to work

  the land and when it has flat disks, it is disadvantageous that the farmer is easily raised and tends to be blocked, because all the disks are

  arranged in a row. In the case of carrying out

  so many hollow discs, it is added the difficulty that these hollow discs rotate together downwards so that when the meeting of clumps and similar blocks, these

  fix between the hollow discs which stops the discs

  c. The hollow discs are thus prevented from acting, they become clogged and the farmer stops working. In addition, when the discs stop turning, the cultivator is easily lifted at its rear end, which also has a significant adverse influence on its mode.

Action.

  The invention therefore aims to provide a machine for working the land that is compact, easy to lift, easy to use, devoid of lateral traction and works equally well for mixing and leveling simultaneously

but without clogging.

  The problem is solved according to the invention,

  because the hollow discs are mounted with their own

  vexity surface directed towards each other and being offset with respect to each other in the direction of movement of the machine. The discs are thus reliably prevented from interfering with each other, and in particular it is prevented that clods and the like are not

  trapped between these discs. This results in the full

  the effect of the machine and obtaining a surface advantageously equalized of the plowed land. It is furthermore advantageous that such an earth working machine operates surprisingly easy to move because the hollow discs are rotatably mounted and this prevents jamming by trapping straw, stubble and other materials. Because of this advantageous arrangement and arrangement, a lateral pull is also entirely avoided!

  because the forces are balanced so that, because of the

  the crests or walls formed are appropriately distributed and judiciously rejected in the rays, leaving behind the machine a flat tilled ground and having been judiciously prepared for

following his work.

  The arrangement according to which the working plane of the hollow discs is located above the work surface of the tools is particularly advantageous, since this ensures that

  the peak built by the tools of work is only partially

  or moved so that a field surface is obtained in the plane assembly. Individual hollow discs are conveniently grouped together

  a pair forming a unitary unit attached to age.

  According to an advantageous embodiment, each group of two hollow disks, which acts on neighboring ridges or walls, is arranged to form a V whose tip is directed rearwardly. These two hollow disks regularly distribute the crest or wall and discharge a regular part of this ridge that they return in the furrow. Such an arrangement has, with respect to the structure corresponding to hollow discs acting on a single ridge or wall, the advantage of a

  regular distribution of loads and efforts on age.

  Advantageously, the hollow discs are arranged

  so that their axes are inclined towards the earth, the

  and the extent of this inclination of the axes of the disks

  hollow being advantageously modifiable. We can thus modify

  willingly, according to the nature of the earth, the effect

  hollow discs and match them to the particulars

  rites of the treated field. We can modify in particular

  It is simple to adjust the axis of the disks because these disk shafts can pivot about a pivot point and can thus be fixed in several positions. It is thus possible to provide in advance three, four or a greater number of positions, which guarantee the ease of operation or the ease of movement of the machine and the advantageous efficiency of the work of this machine intended according to the invention. work the land.

  From a construction and technical point of view

  tion or work, the structure according to which two hollow disks are each grouped into a pair forming a work module is, as has already been described above, advantageous. These discs are fixed together on age. The depth of penetration of the hollow disks acting on the crests can be varied at the same time, since these disks are mounted on age, according to the invention, so that their height is adjustable and their operation is effected. advantageously via a fixing device and adjustment. The arrangement in pairs and the

  The possibility of setting these pairs guarantees a deep

  precise and safe working tools.

  An advantageous possibility of functioning

  cile of the machine to work the land is also

  achieved by virtue of the embodiment according to the invention

  tion, and that the hollow discs with inclined axes are mounted so as to be pivotable via

  an arm around a predetermined pivot point.

  Thus, in case of occurrence of an overload, the hollow discs oscillate each time automatically or deviate laterally to immediately resume their

optimal position.

  In the case of large loads due, for example, to the presence of stones in the earth, one surely avoids to damage the tools of equalization because the hollow discs are charged by spring, individually or in groups and are articulated on age so that they can move up and / or towards the side. In a corresponding embodiment, it is ensured that after having departed, the equalization or leveling tools also automatically resume their working position,

  under the effect of springs made correspondingly.

  Depending on the structure of the land and the area of use

  tion, it may be advantageous to add to such a machine to work the earth other tools of work or to add also to these working tools machines or

  follower devices. It is provided for this purpose according to the invention.

  to add to the age bearing the hollow discs or at a separate age devices for attaching trailing devices or an additional three-point hitch. Of this

  way, you can hang almost any

  or a follower device, advantageously a spinner roll with a trailed bar or alternatively a sweeping roll or compressor with an in-line seeding machine. With such a combination, it is possible in a working passage to obtain a flat seedbed and recompacted or

  obtains a tilled soil in a passage of the tray.

  Depending on the field of application, it may be advantageous or even quite necessary to use cultivators working on two rows, that is to say, machines plowing over a very short distance. Of

  such machines plowing over short distances have in part

  The advantage of having a low weight, which allows them to use in combination or association with other machines. To ensure the ease of operation of such a machine, it is now provided according to the invention to complete the hollow discs, mounted offset from each other to fragment the peaks discharged by the teeth of a first cultivator, adding these discs a second cultivator having two rows of teeth placed one behind the other, advantageously

  a farmer with plowshares with a large share of

  page. In such machines, the particular arrangement of the hollow discs offset from each other is particularly positive, because the ridges or walls poured by such machines are particularly high and the cultivator teeth associated with a small number

  rows of teeth must loosen and pour out

  a lot of land. Thanks to the hollow discs of the invention, it is advantageously possible to level these ridges again so as to obtain overall

a uniform surface of the field.

  The addition of the hollow discs, offset relative to each other, has a cultivator having two rows of teeth located one behind the other can also be realized when the rows of teeth are V-shaped A solution advantageously usable both in the case of two-row cultivators and corresponding multi-row machines, the one in which the hollow discs are mounted on a separate age having the possibility of axial adjustment. This embodiment offers the possibility of supplementing without difficulty of the existing cultivators and to use them, according to the peculiarities of each case, with or without hollow disks with action of leveling. The age receives, in this solution, simply the hollow discs, while the cultivator remains, as indicated already elsewhere,

  unmodified and is therefore usable for other purposes.

  The invention is characterized in particular by the fact that it offers a machine to work the ground, machine equipped with leveling tools to avoid the grooves of the furrows and the crests of the walls, which guarantees

  obtaining a regular surface of the earth but

  at the same time without clogging while realizing

  mixing effects and equalization or leveling effects

  LEMENT. In addition, the ease of operation of the machine is advantageous, particularly for heavy land. For the first time, we also offer a machine which, thanks to the leveling tools, not only

  to undertake a distributive action or an equalizing

  at the same time, but at the same time to exert

  gage and fragmentation. The short structure of the machine makes it possible to add additional elements or machines to it without unduly straining the traction force of the circuit

  or hydraulic device of the tractor.

  Other peculiarities and advantages of the object

  of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description of

  illustrative and not limiting, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, with indication of the necessary and various features

  parts involved. This detailed description is made

  with reference to the accompanying drawing in which: FIG. 1 is a rear view of the ground machine, FIG. 2 is a side view of this machine, FIG. 3 shows an equalizing or leveling tool with a grounding device. overload protection, FIG. 4 is a top view of a detail of an earth-working machine, comprising a tool, in the form of disks for leveling or equalizing the earth, FIG. perspective view of the disk-shaped equalizing or leveling tools, FIG. 6 is a side view of a ground machine having a three-point hitch disposed rearward, and FIG. side of the ground machine, having pivotable hollow discs. The machine 1 to work the earth, shown in Figure 1, has, in addition to tools 3, 4 working set at age 2 and which allow to obtain the lines 5 and crests or walls 8, hollow discs 6, 7 disposes

between tools 3 and 4.

  As indicated, the hollow discs 6, 7 are placed between the tools 3, 4 and behind them so as to be able to act on the ridge 8 so as to disperse it and partially push the corresponding earth into the groove or

line 5.

  The tools 3, 4 shown here are constituted

  by farmer's teeth, which include in their extre-

  The tip 11 penetrates the earth deeper than the hollow discs 6, 7, as can be seen more clearly in particular in FIG. 2. In the zone of the external teeth 9

  cultivator, there are also discs 12 of delimitation

  tion, which rotate sideways in front of the double-core plow 10 and are intended to obtain that the earth, spilled each time in the area of the external tools, is well returned in the direction of the axis of the machine 1. Of this

259 1,847

  way, we obtain using disks 12 a delimitation

  precise working width of such a machine 1.

  FIG. 2 shows, in front of the machine 1, the unworked earth, and in the area of the cultivator teeth 9 or the tools 3 and 4, the soil 16 worked on the cultivator and finally, behind the hollow discs 6 and 7, the soil 17 flattened. In FIG. 2, behind the hollow discs 6 and 7 are provided additional tools or machines, and in the embodiment shown, it is a ramming roller 20 and a trailing bar 21 which are fixed at age 2 by a fixing device 22. FIG. 2 clearly shows the arrangement and the arrangement of the hollow disks 6, 7, assembled in pairs and which are

  fixed or hung by a common stanchion 19 at age 2.

  When working with soils containing stones, it is advantageous to use a device 24

  Overload safety device, shown in Figure 3.

  With the aid of a pivot point 27 mounted offset and a load made by means of a spring 26, it is possible to pivot the strut 29 with the hollow disks 6, 7 which are fixed thereto or arranged, when these discs hit a big stone or another corresponding obstacle. Figure 3

  clearly shows a regulating device permitting

  both to fix at variable heights the two hollow disks 6, 7 in order to work or equalize in the same way

  desired peaks 8 shown in Figure 1.

  Figure 4 shows a top view of an arrangement of two hollow discs 6, 7 showing two hollow discs acting on adjacent peaks 8. It is therefore an embodiment that differs from that shown in Figure 1 because here are shown in the form of a combined unit, the hollow discs corresponding to neighboring ridges. According to FIG. 1, the hollow disks 6, 7 acting on a peak 8 have their curved convex surfaces 29 facing each other, whereas the hollow surfaces 30 are turned towards the lines 5, which makes it possible to obtain that the earth removed from the ridges 8

259 1847

  in addition, the axes 32 of the hollow disks 6, 7 are inclined as well towards the pair 15, 16, 17 as in the direction

moving the machine.

  In addition to the possibility of shifting each of the hollow disks 6, 7, it is also possible to shift, with respect to the neighboring group, the various groups acting on adjacent ridges 8, so as to surely prevent a

  mutual influence of the various groups.

  According to FIG. 5, it is possible to modify the inclination

  the 32 axis disc by setting each time, through the

  intermediate pins 34, 35 in the desired position, the axis 32 being pivotable about the point of pivoting. FIG. 5 further shows a possibility of placing two hollow disks 6, 7 according to the desired mutual offset distance. Figure 5 clearly shows that because of the shift chosen, it is not possible to prevent a movement of the earth by the two discs whose curved surfaces

  convex 29 are rotated towards each other.

  FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which, deviating from what is shown in FIG. 2, a special rear three-point hitch 38 is provided.

  to allow for possible hooking in a corresponding way

  machines located behind the main machine.

  FIG. 4 shows the angle A <formed by the individual hollow discs 6, 7 and the axis of the machine in order to achieve safe transport of the earth from the ridge or wall 8

in line 5.

  The farmer shown in Figure 7-corres-

  In any case, the hollow discs 6, 7, having the role of leveling tools, are fixed on an additional age 39 which can be adjustable in height with the aid of FIG. an articulated parallelogram 40 comprising an adjustment device 41 so as to be able to modify the depth of the work exerted by the hollow discs 6 and 7 according to the particularities of the ground to be worked. The individual hollow discs 6, 7 are pivotally mounted, with their 32 inclined axes, via

  an arm 33 around a predetermined point 31 of rotation.

  They can thus, in case of overload laterally deviate and then rotate automatically to return to their usual position. FIG. 2 shows a two-row cultivator which has, between the tools 20, 21 additional and

  the two rows 43, 44 of teeth / hollow disks 6, 7

  to be mutually staggered. The solution according to

  FIG. 7 is analogous to the fact that it can exist perpendicularly

  the longitudinal axis of the machine, several pairs of hollow discs and the various hollow discs 6, 7 are mounted on a particular age so that the cultivator can be used each time with or without this age. additional depending on the equalizing effect of the discs

hollow 6, 7 is necessary or not.

  So we see that, to work the land with tools in the form of points, the machine has, to equalize the hollows (or lines) and the peaks (or walls)

  produced by the teeth, leveling or leveling tools

  in the form of rotary mounted hollow discs. The hollow discs are fixed, individually or in groups, on an age behind the sharp tools of work. The curved surfaces of the discs are rotated toward each other and the hollow discs are inclined and staggered to age so that the hollow surfaces of the ridges in the lines can surely be rejected by their hollow surfaces to equalize the surface of the grooves. The hollow discs always work above the working plane of the teeth and are mutually offset in the direction of movement of the machine, so that

  the clods and other clusters can not prevent the

of these hollow discs.

  It goes without saying that, without departing from the scope of the invention,

  many modifications can be made to the machine to work the earth, equipped with its back

leveling elements.

Claims (14)

  1. Machine for working the land, equipped with working tools raising small ridges or walls or leaving behind hollows or rays, especially cultivator teeth and leveling or leveling tools, placed behind the teeth, which as far as possible rid the ridges formed by the grower's teeth and have the form of rotary mounted hollow discs and whose hollow surfaces, inclined forward towards the lines to work, form an acute angle forward, machine characterized in that the hollow discs (6, 7) whose curved convex surfaces (29) are directed toward each other are mutually offset in the direction of moving the machine.   2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working plane of the hollow discs (6, 7) is located above the work plane of the tools (3, 4) of this machine.   3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that two hollow disks (6, 7) are grouped together   once in a pair forming a unitary unit attached to age (2).   4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that two hollow discs (6, 7), which work on adjacent ridges, are each arranged in a V shape.   whose tip is directed towards the rear.   5. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes (32) of the hollow discs (6, 7) are inclined   in the direction of the earth (15, 16, 17).   6. Machine according to claim 1 and the claim   5, characterized in that the inclination can be modified   and the offset of the axes (32) of the hollow discs.   7. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the axes (32) of the hollow discs can pivot about a point (36) of pivoting and can thus be fixed in several positions.   Machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hollow discs (6, 7) are mounted in such a way that their inclined axes (32) can pivot by means of   an arm around a predetermined point (31) of rotation.   9. Machine according to claim 1, characterized   in that the hollow discs (6, 7) are loaded, individually   or in groups, by springs and in that they are articulated on age (2) so as to be able to move towards   up or sideways or in both directions.   10. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that devices (22) for attaching tools (20, 21) placed behind the main machine or a hitch (38) three points additional are fixed on the age (2) or on a age (39) separated.   11. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow discs (6, 7), individually or in pairs, or their strut (19) is or are adjustable in height   through a device (25) adjustment.   12. Machine for working the land, equipped with   workmen raising small ridges or walls or leaving behind hollows or rays, especially   grower's teeth and equalizing tools, positioned   the teeth, which as far as possible rid the ridges formed by the cultivator's teeth and have the shape of rotary mounted hollow discs and hollow surfaces   are inclined forward towards the rays   at an acute angle to the front, machine   characterized in that the hollow discs (6, 7) mutually   are associated with a farmer with two rows of   teeth (43, 44) located one behind the other,   to a farmer with plowshares (10) wide cutting effect.   13. Machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the rows of teeth (43, 44) are V-shaped.   Machine according to claim 1 or claim   12, characterized in that the hollow discs (6, 7) are associated with a separate age (39) capable of adjusting central.