FR2698518A1 - Direct seed drill for a direct seeding process. - Google Patents

Abstract

a) Direct seeding for a direct seeding process. b) seed drill characterized in that the coulters (102) are made in the form of coulter elements placed in a detachable and interchangeable manner in the fixing members (101) and instead of coulters (102) coulters can be fixed in the form of discs formed by coulter elements on the respective fixing members (101), according to a block diagram of a direct seed drill with scissor-shaped coulters.

Description

"Direct seed drill for a seeding process

rect ".

  The present invention relates to a

  rect for a direct seeding process (zero and / or minimum tillage) with a frame, tanks and

  at least three and preferably four trans-

  versales of couloirs arranged in staggered rows and orga-

  fasteners with plow shares, the plowshares

  planter with deep guide rollers

  which regulate the penetration depth of the coulters

in the smooth soil.

  Such a direct drill is for example known

  according to the documents DOS 32 00 225 and DOS 32 16 376.

  The invention also relates to seeders for distributing seeds according to the zero and / or minimum tillage method, also known as direct seeds or seeds with reduced soil treatment. The purpose of such direct seeders is to introduce the seed into the seed. unworked soil after harvest with cereal straw or maize foliage or stubble still on the soil surface Straw or foliage

  can also be chopped; we can also

  troduce in the upper layer of the soil The operation

  sowing can be carried out on

  flat (eg for the mechanical treatment of

  weeds) and for soils in the

  which have been buried masses of plants, the pail-

  and the roots or mass of foliage then lying in the upper surfaces near the neck.

  soil (mixed with soil particles).

  Depending on the type of product and yield, for example, cereals yielding between 4 and 10 tonnes of straw per hectare and in the case of maize up to 40 tonnes

  tonnes of plant mass per hectare.

  However, it has been found that the direct drill, known is particularly suitable when there has been no prior treatment of soil In particular when there is a very large mass of plants to

  the surface of the soil or in particular where that mass

  of plants has been worked in a layer close to the surface, there may be stuffing of the machine

  and disordered introduction of seeds.

  The present invention aims to conceive

  see a machine universally usable to also allow its use in the case of soils covered with large masses of plants or soils whose upper layer is cluttered with masses

  of plants mixed with soil.

  To this end, the invention relates to a direct drill of the type defined above, characterized in that the coulters are made in the form of ploughs elements detachably and interchangeably placed in the fasteners and instead of coulters on can fix plow-shaped plowshares constituted by plow elements on the respective fasteners. These means make it possible for the machine to simply exchange the coulter elements, to ensure, in a particularly simple manner, excellent work efficiency, under the most demanding operating conditions.

  difficult, for soils congested with large masses of

  Vegetable aunts The farmer can then with one and the same machine from which it is enough to change the coulter elements, use the direct seeder to

  all the works envisaged and in all the conditions

  The farmer does not then need different seeders. He can thus use a direct seeder, normally equipped with scissors, with disc-shaped coulters so that the direct seeder and its disc-shaped coulters can be used. serve under optimal working conditions and good conditions of attack, to place the seed even if the soil is congested with a large mass of materials

  organic compounds or if this mass is at least

  integrated in the surface layer.

  The document FR-622 929 describes a planter which comprises the same attachment of the share, a pad of pulled plow and a share of double disc The machine thus

  known is in no way suitable for

  direct cement The double-disc shaped plow is also not suitable for introducing a large quantity of organic matter into the soil because the disk-shaped plow shown in this document is not able to ensure an excellent deposit of seed. in

  brutal conditions Direct seeding

  The present invention is not described in this state of the art. Double-disc coulters known from this document are relatively thin and

  therefore, such discs are not suitable

  not for the conditions of brutal use of the

direct seeding process.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the respective disk-shaped soc is designed so that the groove is mainly created by a disk. By this means, it has proved in an astonishing manner that a disk-shaped plow thus produced, creates a sufficiently clean groove even in

  the most difficult conditions of use,

  to receive the seed under different conditions

  lifting timers It is expected that for a company to disperse

  composed of several disks, these disks are

  arranged so that the furrows are formed mainly

  by a single disk, in order to obtain condi-

optimal conditions.

  To take into account the strict conditions, it is expected that at least the disc forming the groove

  has a thickness of at least 3 mm.

  To enable rapid exchange of

  ploughing elements, it is envisaged that the soc members likely to be mounted on the fastener, can be mounted on this or these bodies with the aid of

means of fast connection.

  To make it possible to use the direct drill even more universally, it is planned to mount on the fasteners, in a detachable and interchangeable manner, complementary elements, to the

  choices such as coulters, wool

  in bar or rotary harrow elements To achieve a good distribution of seeds in the furrows, it is expected that the coulters have at their disposal

  bottom end, below the exit of the

  menses, bouncing organs These organs allow a distribution in width of the seed

in the furrow.

  An advantageous articulation of the coulters is obtained because they are articulated on the chassis by means of fasteners in the form of parallelograms.

  comes to a simple adjustment of the penetration depth

  the coulters in the soil if the coulters are

  in the ground with an adjuster

  center acting on the parallel-shaped fasteners

  lelograms, jointly regulating their depth of

  So that the coulters are guided in the soil at a regular depth, the depth of penetration of the coulters into the soil being defined by

  a corresponding height of the guide roller of pro-

  melter provided behind the coulter, can be adjusted

  Regarding the type of product, the rollers provided behind the coulters have a width allowing them to rest on the ground next to the furrows so that the coulters are carried and guided to a regular depth by these rollers.

  We arrive at a deep, regular guidance

  tying coulters under the most

  difficult because the guide rollers in

  the coulters associated with the coulters have, at their outer periphery, pressure rods provided at a distance,

  and between these pressure bars, there is a gap

  and the rollers are arranged, in plan view, with a certain angle at an angle to the direction of movement, behind the plough. Thanks to these means, that is to say the pressure rollers arranged, in order to

  in plan, at an angle to the direction of displacement

  behind each soc, one obtains

  taking advantage of a pressure roller, that the pressure elements which it carries on its periphery, distributed

  interval, forming a free space between

  pressure, and even in the most difficult conditions, to a regular guidance at depth and that the seed seeds deposited

  in the furrow are covered with earth.

  To ensure that the drill does not have to be tamped, a coulter spacing equal to at least

50 cm.

  In addition, according to one embodiment,

  the coulters, there is at least one driven rotor, with motor-driven teeth which move above the ground, the direction of rotation being preferably selected so that the underside of the rotor rotates in the direction of travel. in this way, seeds can also be introduced into soils confined with plants or plant residues, even if these products are accumulated in piles, because the working rotor distributes the plants and plant residues in a regular manner to the soil surface The rotor thus ensures a regularization of the mass of plants on the soil surface or in the upper soil layer.

  The present invention will be described in a manner

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a side view in a schematic diagram of a direct drill with plowshares

scissors shape.

  Figure 2 shows a seed drill with a

  chisel-shaped chisel member and a pebble pebble

  depth for a drill according to FIG.

  in side view and on an enlarged scale.

  Figure 3 shows the sectional roller according to

  direction III-III, on an enlarged scale.

  FIG. 4 is a view along IV-IV of the wheel

  the water. FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the roller or coulters pulled into the ground by the coulter, in

top view.

  Figure 6 shows the position of the pressure roller in the lower zone or furrow according to the

figure 5.

  Figure 7 is a top view of the

downstream work.

  Figure 8 is a side view and to scale

  enlarged downstream work item.

  Figure 9 is a view along the IX-IX direction of the work element. Figure 10 shows the drill of Figure 1

  equipped with plowshares.

  FIG. 11 is a view like that of the

  Figure 2 of a soc with a disk-shaped element.

  FIG. 12 is a view similar to that of

  Figure 11 of a share with a disk element.

  Figure 13 shows in top view and se-

  In a schematic diagram, a seed drill with a

two-disc element.

  FIG. 14 is a side view according to a

  schematic diagram of Figure 13.

  FIG. 15 is a side view of a ploughshare

  seeder equipped with cultivator elements.

  Figure 16 is a side view of a parser

  seeder with a scissor-shaped plow.

  The seed drill consists of a frame 1 carrying the tanks 2 and 3 The chassis 1 is supported on the ground by rolling wheels 4 At the front end of the chassis is a pendulum wheel 4 'and the traction device 6 in the form of a drawbar

  which allows a tractor to pull the planter out of

face of the ground.

  Chassis 1 has four successive rows

  sives 7 shares arranged staggered, movable in a

  vertical plane thanks to parallelogram

  my 8 The coulters 7 are guided in the ground to a

  The central adjustment device 11 makes it possible to modify the depth of penetration of the coulters 7 in a central manner.

the soil 10.

  The coulters 7 comprise a fastener 101 and a coulter 102 The coulter 1 02 has a fastener 103 which is placed in the pocket-shaped opening 104 of the fastener 101 in a manner that is easily detachable and interchangeable. The

  means of rapid closure in the form of a stud 105

  The roller 9 placed behind the coulter 7 comprises a circular fixing disk 121. The fixing disk 121 has a peripheral edge 122, folded down. its edge

  device folded 122 carry elements of pres-

  tooth-shaped configuration 123 distributed over an interval B; between the teeth 123 we have each time an interval

  The distance A between the teeth 123 corre-

  at the interval A between 80 and 160 mm

  tests have shown that a 120 mm A gap

  is best for most applications

  roller 9 has a width B of 180 mm; the es-

  know that a width of 120 mm was sufficient

  The teeth 123 are fixed only by one end.

  attached to the attachment disc 121 and have on the

  tee, a free end 125 directed outwards.

  At their free ends 125, there is always a

  claw member 126 curved outwardly

  In addition, the teeth 123 are inclined at an angle α, open outwardly relative to the axis of rotation 128 of the roller 9, when viewed

  of their attachment point 127 Teeth 123 constitute

  thus kill a free open volume 129 in the form of a pot; this volume is open to the outside from

  on the fixing side The pressure roller 9 is dis-

  placed in plan view at an angle 8, obliquely to the direction of displacement 19 The angle 8 is at least 5 and at most 150; tests have shown that an angle between 5 and 12 *, including an angle "substantially equal to 80 had the greatest advantages The teeth 123 can be elastically and / or elastically attached to the fixing disc 121 The fixing disc can itself be elastic which gives an elastic fixation to

teeth 123.

  The pressure roller 9 is laterally offset

  With this in mind, the pressure roller 9 must be arranged with respect to the coulter 7 so that the

  claw elements 126 of the pressure roller

  9 can not tear or touch the seeds seed 119 deposited in the groove 120 This means that the elements 126 in the form of claws must

  find laterally offset outwards by

  port to the groove axis 120, at a certain distance from

this one.

  The pressure roller 9 operates as follows:

  The roller 9 which is supported by its rim

  beaten 122 and the teeth 123 on the smooth ground on either side of the groove 120, a regular guidance is carried out in depth even for changing soil conditions This is true both for working in hard ground or, as 4 and 5, when the seed drill is used on a relatively soft ground, the drill coulter 7 traces with its tip 16 a relatively wide groove 121 in the soil After having made the groove 120, but before the roller 9 does not cover the groove 120 again with soil, the seed seeds 119 are deposited at the bottom of the groove 120 The roller 109 being disposed at an angle to the direction of displacement 119, the teeth 123 and the claws 126 scratch and push the

  earth 130 in the groove 120 to fill it with new

  At the same time, the folded edge 122 pushes the earth 131 ejected next to the groove 120 or the sidewall la-

  lateral 132 of groove 120 again in groove 120.

  This ensures that seed seeds 119 are

  green enough earth 120 In addition, the teeth

  123 and possibly the parts of plants, relative

  The long legs attached to the coulter 1 are pressed against the smooth ground and hold it so that when the coulter 7 is moved, the parts of the ground attached to the

  soc 7 are driven by the share 7.

  Coulters coulters 7 are provided

  seed inputs 12 and fertilizer inputs 13 se-

  trimmed so that seed and fertilizer are deposited

  separately in the grooves made by the coulters 7.

  Behind the last row of coulters 7 is a downstream processing rotor constituting the downstream processing element 13 The downstream processing element 13 consists of a chassis 14 This downstream processing element 13 is driven in rotation around An axis of rotation 15 directed transversely to the direction of travel The downstream processing element 13 comprises a support member 16 rotatably mounted in the form of a support tube. The envelope of the support tube 10

  door of the reported parts 18 The parties

  18 are tooth-shaped as shown in the figure.

  Figure 3 The teeth-shaped extensions 18 are

  juxtaposed transversely to the moving direction

  The downstream element 13 is rotated by a hydraulic motor 20 constituting

  the training source, via a

  chain drive 21 The direction of rotation 22 of the

  the downstream element 13 is such that this element 13 rotates at its inner side, in the direction of displacement 19 as indicated by the arrow 22. The extensions 18 which are embodied as drive members are designed so that the downstream working element 13 drives the straw and plants backwards and at the same time allows

  straw or plants spread on the ground, of pas-

be below.

  The downstream working element 13 is mounted movable in height in a vertical plane on the chassis 1 of the drill through the frame 14.

  fixing arm 23 and joints 24

  Adjustment elements 25 make it possible to adjust the height of the element working downstream 13 relative to the ground 10 between the frame 1 of the drill and the frame 14 of

  the element working the soil, there is at least one

  pulling fate 26 which offsets part of the weight of the downstream element 13 so that in case

  this element meets with pebbles or other

  On the ground, it can easily escape upwards. The hydraulic cylinder 27 lifts the downstream working element 13 at the end of the field.

  The downstream element 13 is driving

  born at a rotational speed of 100-400 revolutions per minute

  nute and preferably 160-180 revolutions per minute; it

  corresponds to a relatively low rotation speed

  The diameter A of the support tube 16 is of the

  with a size of 120-250 mm, preferably 160 mm

  diameter of the circular trace B of the outer end

  27 of extensions 18 is of the order of 240-

500 and preferably 300-350 mm.

  The frame 14 of the downstream element 13 has above the element 13 a beam

  transverse 28 carrying the attachment arms 24

  downstream element 13 extends across the width

working of the drill.

  The functioning of the working element

  downstream 13 will be described below in a more detailed manner.

  cut with the help of figure 8. The straw and / or the plants 29 grouped and displaced by the plow shares 7 are taken by

  the downstream element 13 This element 13

  a small embankment of straw or possibly

  earth mixed with straw, in front of him

  ments 18 take the straw and the parts of

  This small slope 30 and, as shown in Figure 3, move these products in the direction of rotation 22

  against the direction of movement 19 over the

  working part 13 to resubmit

  on the surface of the soil 10, behind the

  valiant 13 as shown in Figure 3 The taking of the straw and plant parts 29 by

  the extensions 18 in the slope 30 ensures a separation

  The straw and the plant parts 30 and the earth 31, which may be there. The straw and the plants 29 are taken as already indicated by the extensions 18 to be projected behind, and to be deposited on the surface 10 of the straw. soil to form a regular layer 32, loosened while the soil 31 of the straw and plants 29 pass under the element

  working 13 The working element 13 divides

  this soil 31 at the surface 10 of the soil, and in the furrows which have not been, if necessary, closed sufficiently by the rollers 9 downstream of the coulters 7 The furrows are covered with soil

  by these elements working downstream.

  In summary, we find that the Coulter-shaped coulters 7 trace

  grooves 121 in the soil to receive the seed 119.

  The rollers 9 downstream of the seed coulters 7 at least partially close the grooves 120 by covering the seed seeds 119 deposited in the grooves 120 with soil. Then, the plants or plant remains, mixed with the earth, which are partly in-

  packed and / or in small pile, are taken by the rotor 13.

  above the ground surface, and whose elements

  18 in the form of teeth are driven by a motor, es-

  above the seed seed 119 deposited in the soil 10 The taking of the plants and plant residues ensures at least partially a separation between the plants

  At the same time, a deposit relating to

  The downstream rotor or element 13 separates the plants and the plant residues when they are in a pile, that is to say that the mass of the plant and plant remains at the soil surface. straw and green material is separated from the earth

  and both are distributed relatively

  uniformly, that is to say that the

  straw or the mass of plants is deposited separately

  trimmed from the ground, above the ground surface The fact that the rotor 13 is adjustable so that it drives

  of the earth in the furrow 20 to close with certi

  study furrow 20 and cover with earth the seeds of

  seed 119 placed in the furrow, creates conditions

  optimum emergence conditions for seed

  The rotor 13 pushes the straw or the mass of plants mixed with the earth, in front of him; the rotor 13 makes a separation of this mixture so that practically only the earth is transferred into the grooves and that

  the straw and the mass of plants is taken by the rock

  to be filed in a relatively regular manner

  over the seeds thus deposited.

  The frame 14 or the crossbar 28 may also

As shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible to receive height guide wheels or rollers 33 to maintain the downstream processing element 13 at the desired level with respect to the ground surface. The drill according to FIGS. 1 to 10, whose seed shares 7 comprise coulters 102, is preferably provided for directly seeding an unworked soil. To use the same seed drill on a soil whose surface or upper layer of soil has received large masses of plants, without risking

  a jam, the coulters 102 must be replaced

  placed by disks 106 as shown in FIGS.

  res 10 and 11 For this, it is necessary to detach the stud or

  the pin 105 constituting a quick fastening means

  The coulter-shaped coulter elements 102 can

  then be removed from the fastener 101.

  Then, the disk 106 and the attachment piece 107 are put into place in the pocket-shaped recess 104 of the fixing member 101.

  a thickness of at least 3 mm This disc 108 is

  The stock forming disk 108 traces a groove 120 in the soil for the seed seeds 119 On the inner side of the share, we have

  attached the squeegee 109 to the attachment piece 107.

  This makes it possible to equip the seed drill di-

  rect normally equipped with coulters 102 with dis-

  The direct seed drill can thus be

to be used universally.

  Figure 12 shows another fastener

  101 of the disc-shaped shank member 110.

  This disk-shaped element 110 is distinguished from the disk-shaped element 106 according to FIG. 11 in that the fastener 111 is extended downwards in the form of a coulter 112 which deepens the groove.

drawn by the disk 108.

  The coulter 113 according to the example of

  13 and 14, unlike the disk elements 106 and 110 according to FIGS. 11 and 12, comprises a disk element 114 with two disks 115, 116 also fixed on the fastener 107, not shown, which is located in the dwelling 104 of

  The two disks 115, 116 are

  posed relative to each other so that the furrow

  practically only one of the

  115 The other disk 116 is practically

in the wake of the disc 115.

  In addition, the fastener 101 may receive

  see a soc scorer 76 according to Figure 15 This soc 76 is mounted in place of coulter 101 or other elements of ply on the fastening body The soc 76 comprises

  flaps or moldings 78 laterally projecting

  Under the seed outlet, there is a rebound member 79 for spreading the seeds. The coulter 76 is releasably and interchangeably attached to the stanchion and is locked by a quick-locking means in the form of a stud or pin. With their flaps 78, the coulters 76 cut the ground to a

  some depth and shave the plants.

  lets 78 of the score scorer 76 thus ensure at the same time

  that seeding, a mechanical treatment of

  The working rotor 13 according to FIG. 1 is set at a single working depth so that the extension or the tips of the teeth penetrate slightly into the ground, that is to say at a depth of 1 to 3 cm. that the plants cut by the coulters 76

  are torn off the ground 10 and projected to the rear

  re, with a sharp separation of plan parts

and land.

  According to FIG. 16, the fixing member 101

  coulters have coulters in the form of coulters

  These coulter-shaped fittings 80 have, transversely to the direction of movement, a rear width of 50 cm.

  In the order of 8 cm below the exit of the seed, at the back of coultre 80 is a rebounding member 81 for

spread the seeds in width

in the groove 120.

Claims (18)

R E V E N D I C A T IO N S   1) Direct seed drill for a sowing process   direct cementing (zero and / or minimum tillage) with a frame (1), reservoirs (2, 3) and at least three and preferably four transverse rows of staggered layers (102) and fasteners ( 101) provided with plow shares (7), the plowing shares (7) having guide rollers of   depth (9) that regulate the depth of penetration   coulters in the smooth soil, characterized in that   the coulters (102) are made in the form of   parts of a plow placed in a detachable and inter-   changeable in the fasteners (101) and the   place coulters (102) can be fixed coulters in form-   of records (108, 115, 116) constituted by elements   parts (106, 110, 114) on the fastening members respectively (101).   2) Direct seed drill according to claim 1,   characterized in that the disk-shaped soc, res-   (108, 115, 116) is formed so that the grooves (120) are drawn essentially by a disc (108, 115).   3) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   disc-shaped plow (106, 110, 114) consists of one or more discs (108, 115, 116), the discs being arranged so that the groove (120) is   drawn mainly by one of the disks (106, 115).   4) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   disc (108, 115) which traces the groove (120) is   at an angle between 5 and 150, preferably   80 in relation to the direction of displacement.   cement. ) Direct seed drill according to one or more   preceding claims, characterized in that the   disc-shaped disk (108, 115, 116) is   made of a stainless material.   (6) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that   minus the disc (108, 115) of the plow that traces the furrow   (120) has a thickness of at least 3 mm.   7) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   elements of soc (102, 108, 114, 76, 80) susceptible   to be mounted on the fastening member (101) is   using a quick-closing means (105) on the fasteners (101).   8) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   fasteners (101) receive in a detachable manner and   interchangeable, at choice, a coultre (102),   knife-shaped pieces of wood,   knives (80) or grower elements (76).   9) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   knife-shaped coulters (80) or plowshares   tivator (76) have at their lower end, in   under the exit of the seeds, the organs of (79, 81).   ) Direct seed drill according to one or more   preceding claims, characterized in that the   coulters (7) are articulated to the frame (1) by   fastening means (8) in the form of parallelograms   my. 11) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that   (7) are adjustably adjustable in common with respect to their depth of penetration into the ground (10) by a central adjusting device (11) acting on   the fasteners (8) in the form of parallelograms.   12) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   depth guide rollers (9) associated with the coulters (7) have a width such that during sowing, they rest on the ground of share and   other furrows traced by the coulters.   13) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   depth guide rollers (9) associated with the seed coulters (7) have at their outer circumference pressure rods (123) associated with the gap and between the pressure rods (127) there is a free space (124), the roll being arranged in plan view   at an angle to the di-   movement, behind the coulter.   14. Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   pressure elements (123) have a bent fixing rod which is fixed on a hub portion. ) Direct seed drill according to one or more   preceding claims, characterized in that the   hub portion is a fastening disk (121)   circular on which the elements of pres- sion (123).   16. Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   fastening disk (121) has a flanged edge (122).   17) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   pressure elements (123) are only fixed by a   end and have another free end (125).   18. Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   pressure members (123) have at their free ends (125) each a claw member (126) curved outwardly. 19) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   roll (9) has a width (B) of at least 180 mm   and preferably 220 mm.   20) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   roll (9) is shifted laterally with respect to the axis of the coulter.   21) Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   The share of coulters is at least equal to 50 cm.   22. Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that   the seed coulters (7) is at least one   tor (13), driven, with teeth   engine-raised above the ground and whose sense of   rotation is preferably chosen so that the   the rotor rotates in the direction of travel.   23. Direct seed drill according to one or more of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   soil-working rotor (13) has a diameter of at least 20 cm and the envelope surface of the rotor carries teeth or extensions.