FR2579245A1 - Movable working bracket and construction method by superposition of precast concrete panels using this bracket - Google Patents

Abstract

The construction of a wall is carried out by superposition of precast concrete panels P1, P2 in successive cycles, starting from the bottom. A sliding mounting bracket CO is supported via a support member OS and a fastening slide CA fixed temporarily to a supporting panel P1 which has been previously fixed in its final position. The bracket is prevented from tilting by means of a guiding slide CG which is also fixed to this panel. After having mounted a new panel P2 by means of this bracket and having fixed this panel in a permanent manner, these slides are lifted and slide on a guiding upright MG of the bracket, and are then fixed to this new panel. The bracket is then lifted and is guided by this guiding upright sliding in these slides. The invention applies in particular to the construction of silos without intermediate supports over their height.

Description

Mobile work console and method of overlay construction of prefabricated concrete panels using this console
The invention relates in particular to the construction of a building by superposition of prefabricated concrete panels, and more specifically the construction of a vertical wall of the building, this wall consisting essentially of prefabricated carrier panels succeeding vertically and substantially joined edge to edge.

 The building to be constructed is for example a grain silo whose section is circular or orthogonal, for example square, and whose walls are vertical. The prefabricated panels are for example rectangular. They are connected to each other, to the foundations and to a blanket, so as to stiffen the building. The connections between panels can be made for example by the so-called Silotrefle process and described in French Patent 71/41629 published under No. 2 161 298.

 A known method for constructing such a building in successive levels from the ground comprises a succession of assembly cycles, each of these cycles making it possible, with respect to one of said walls, to mount and fix a panel above it. of the panel previously fixed by said links To describe such a cycle will be called hereinafter "lateral" and "normal" horizontal directions which extend parallel and perpendicular to the wall that is to be built and will be called "initial "the situation that exists at a moment can be considered as the beginning of a cycle. In this situation a so-called prefabricated panel is fixed in definitive position on the ground or on the already constructed part of the building and constitutes a support panel for this cycle. A floor is built in support on the upper edge of this panel and will constitute intermediate support. A new panel is mounted and secured from this floor above it and the top edge of the backboard. After each assembly of a new panel a console, ie a mobile scaffolding, is suspended on the outside by hooks bearing on the upper edge of this new panel, and allows for the external finishes of this panel . It can also be provisionally fixed to this panel by pins that pass through it and allow to remove the hooks while leaving the console in place during the construction of the floor above this panel. Such a console extends according to the three directions of space, that is to say in the said normal direction from a face of this panel, vertically on at least a portion of the height of this panel, and laterally on at least one part of the width of this panel, for example on almost all this width, to form work platforms. To move it from one level to the next, it is suspended at least temporarily to a hoist which can be constituted by a construction crane lifting the console by means of cables.

 This known method has the disadvantage of being dangerous. Indeed, a failure of the lifting gear or the rupture of a cable causing a fall of the console on the ground. It is the same if the attachment of the console at the top edge of the panel was poorly made and comes to let go. In addition, this process requires the construction of intermediate supports.

 The present invention aims to allow a much less dangerous construction by a simple and economical process that does not require intermediate supports.

 The method according to the invention is characterized in that said prefabricated panels are each provided with fixing points to allow fastenings to this panel, these points forming at least one vertical alignment which comprises a support point at the bottom of a part upper end of this panel, a hooking point little above this support point, a guide point near the upper edge of this panel and a set point even closer to this edge, - said console being a console of mounting panels and comprising, a vertical amount of guide along each said vertical alignment, - each said guide amount guiding a hooking slide and a guide slide which slide on the height of this amount without being able to apart and are each provided with temporary fixing means for attaching them to said attachment points and guide respectively, - this amount being further provided in its upper part of a setting cylinder whose movable element can be moved in said normal direction and carries fastening means for fixing it to said control point of the panels, - this amount being provided at its lower end with a support member fixed to this amount and adapted to automatically cling to the slider to temporarily support the weight of the console by the slider, the support member being further provided with fixing means for fixing it to said support point, - said initial situation of the mounting cycle having the following provisions - an upper part of the mounting bracket protrudes vertically above the upper edge of the backing board to a height sufficient to reach the trimming point of a new panel above it support panel, and a lower portion of this bracket extends vertically on said upper portion of this support panel for to fix this console to this panel to enable it to withstand the tilting forces, - the support member is fixed to the support point of the support panel and / or the attachment slider is fixed at the point of hooking of the support panel, said support member being hooked to this slide, to support the mounting bracket, - the guide slide is fixed to the guide point of the support panel to prevent tilting of the mounting bracket - the assembly cycle of a new panel comprising the following steps - setting up of this new panel by a lifting device by placing the lower edge of this new panel resting on the upper edge of the support panel with possibility tilting of this new panel around the upper edge a support panel, - fixing of the movable element of the adjustment cylinder to the adjustment point of the new panel, - adjustment of the verticality of the new panel with the help of the adjustment cylinder. ge, - connection of this panel to the rest of the building to fix it in final position, - removal of the fixing of the guide slider to the guide point of the support panel, lifting of this slider along said guide post and fixing of this slider to the guide point of the new panel, the mounting bracket being held by means of the adjustment jack and the support member, - removal of the fixing of the latching slider to the attachment point and its attachment to the support member fixed to the support point of the support panel, lifting of this slider and attachment of this slider to the point of attachment of the new panel, - removal of the connection which was made between the amount of guidance and the new panel by means of the adjusting ram, - suspension of the mounting bracket to a hoist, - removal of the attachment of the support member to the support point of the support panel, - the lifting the c by this hoist, the console being guided by the guide sliders and hooking, this lifting being continued until the support member is hooked automatically to the latching slider, - this member of The support is subsequently attached to the support point of the new panel to establish the initial situation of a subsequent mounting cycle.

 The present invention also aims at the safe and convenient realization of a job such as a surface treatment on a vertical wall.

 And it also relates to a movable console working on a vertical wall, this bracket being characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one vertical amount of guide guiding a slider and a guide slider that slide on the height of this amount without being able to deviate from it and are each provided with temporary fastening means to the wall, this amount being further provided in its upper part with other temporary fixing means to the wall and a support member which is attached to its lower end and is adapted to automatically engage the coupling slider to temporarily support the weight of the console by the slider, this support member being further provided with means for attachment to the wall.

 With the aid of the attached figures, will be described below, by way of non-limiting example, how the invention can be implemented. It should be understood that the elements described and shown may, without departing from the scope of the invention, be replaced by other elements providing the same technical functions. When a same element is represented in several figures, it is designated by the same reference sign.

 Figures 1 to 5 show side views of a wall being constructed and a mounting bracket for this construction by the method according to the invention, at successive stages of this construction.

 Figure 6 shows an enlarged view of the console of Figure 1, in section through a transverse vertical plane.

 Figure 7 shows a front view of the hooking slide and the support member of this console, hooked to one another.

FIGS. 8 and 9 represent top views of this slider and this member, respectively in section along planes VIII-VIII and
IX-IX.

 Figures 10 and 11 show the adjustment slider of this console, in front view and from above, respectively.

 The construction of a vertical wall is as follows.

 According to Figure 1 a first panel P1 comprising the previously mentioned fixing means is mounted and fixed in its final position by conventional means.

 A CO mounting bracket which will be described later is mounted on the ground and applied against one side, for example outside of this panel.

It is linked to this one by means of AC snap sliders and CG guide which will be described later, and which are fixed to points of attachment and guidance of the panel. The console is then lifted by a hoist such as a construction crane, with guidance by these sliders, until an OS support member attached to the bottom of the console CO comes to hold on to the slider. This member is then fixed to a support point of the panel, which establishes said initial situation of a first current mounting cycle allowing the mounting of the following panel P2 (FIG. 3) with a view to its fixing. .

 In this first cycle, shown in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, the first panel P1 is said support panel and it is a second panel P2 which is the new panel. A second assembly cycle will allow the mounting of a third panel P3 (Figure 6) which will then be the new panel, the support panel being constituted by the second panel.

According to the process according to the invention, the prefabricated panels P1, P2, P3 are prefabricated with fixing points arranged in two vertical alignments. Each of these alignments allows fastenings to this panel at a support point at the bottom of said upper part of this panel, at a point of attachment a little above this support point, at a guide point near the top of the panel. this top and at a set point even closer to this top
The mounting bracket CO comprises two vertical guide posts such as MG designed to be arranged along these two alignments.

Each of these amounts is provided with two slides that slide on the height of the upright without being able to spread and provided with temporary fastening means such as PFA for fixing them to the fixing points of the panels. More specifically there is a CA snap slider, and a CG guide slider adapted to be fixed to said attachment and guiding points, respectively.

The amount MG is further provided with an adjustment jack VR, the movable member 10 of this jack carrying PFR fastening means. The amount is still provided at its lower end with an OS support member fixed to this amount and adapted to automatically catch the AC snap slider to temporarily support the weight of the console by the slider. This support member is also provided with PFS fixing means adapted to be fixed to said support point.

In said initial situation of the mounting cycle, the support member OS is fixed to the support point of the support panel. Or else the CA slider is attached to the attachment point of the support panel, said support member OS being attached to this slider. These two provisions can also be used together. Their common goal is that the OS support member performs its function which is to support the CO mounting bracket. In addition, the guide slide CG is fixed to the guide point of the support panel to prevent tilting of the mounting bracket.

After the introduction of the new panel P2 is made a setting connection by implementation of PFR fastening means of the adjustment cylinder CR to fix the movable member of the latter at the adjustment point of this panel. After adjusting the verticality and fixing of this new panel, the cycle comprises the following steps: - Removal of the fixing of the CG guide slider to the guide point of the support panel, lifting of this slider along said guide post MG and attaching this slider to the guide point of the new P2 panel. (During these operations, the mounting bracket CO is maintained via the adjustment ram VR and the support member OS).

- Removal of the attachment of the CA snap sling at the attachment point and its attachment to the support member OS fixed to the support point of the support panel P1, lifting the slider and fixing the slider to the point hooking of the new P2 panel.

- Removal of the connection that was made between the MG guide amount and the new P2 panel through the adjustment cylinder VR. It seems preferable that the adjustment cylinder remains attached to the guide post during assembly. In this case it is the attachment of the movable element of the cylinder to the panel through the PFR means is removed.

- Suspension of the C0 mounting bracket to a hoist.

- Removal of the fixation of the OS support member at the support point of the support panel.

- Lifting the console by this hoist. (During this operation the console is guided by the CG guide sliders and AC snap). This lifting is continued until the support member OS clings automatically to the latching slider CA.

- This support member OS is subsequently attached to the support point of the new panel and the suspension of the lifting gear console can be removed to release this machine for other possible tasks.

 Preferably said means for fixing the prefabricated panels P1, P2, P3 are constituted at each point of attachment by a plurality of nuts fixed in the concrete and distributed in said lateral direction so as to economically allow secure fixing without permanent projection on the concrete. .

 Still more preferably, the adjustment ram VR is connected to the guide post MG via an adjusting slider CR which can be fixed at various heights of this upright to allow the use of the same said CO console for mounting panels. of various heights, the PFR fastening means of this jack to the panels then constituting at the same time fastening means of this slider.

 The bracket CO is shown in FIG. 6. It is made of steel and comprises two guide posts such as MG provided with said sliders and support members, a cantilever frame 50 and work platforms 52, 54 , 56 and 58 attached to these amounts. For example, it has a height of about 7 meters.

 Preferably, according to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the hooking slider CA carries a hook 12 forming a C in a plane with a housing at the bottom and a lateral opening above this housing. This hook is articulated about a horizontal axis 13 perpendicular to this plane of C, and hangs below this axis so as to automatically return to a hooking position when it has been removed. It has downwardly an oblique latching ramp 14 disposed beneath this housing and rising on the side of said lateral opening. Said support member OS carries above it a fastening rod 16 parallel to this axis and adapted to be housed in said housing, and the distance between said attachment and support points is chosen so that the rod 16 is in this housing when the AC coupling sliders and the OS support member are respectively fixed to these points.The support member OS household below this rod 16 sufficient space so that when the fixing of the AC slider is removed and the slider down to the support member, said lateral opening of the hook 12 arrives at the level of this rod so as to allow to tilt the hook out of its hooking position and to reassemble without hooking again this stall rod to achieve said removal of the attachment of the org support pin to the slider. The support member OS is hooked again to this slider CA at the end of said lifting operation of the console by a lateral thrust exerted on the hooking ramp 14 of this hook by this rod 16.

 Preferably the hinge axis 13 of the hook extends in said normal direction.

 Preferably the hook 12 further comprises a stall ramp 18 above said housing and said lateral opening. This ramp is oblique in the same direction as said hooking ramp 14 to make this hook out of its hooking position during the descent of said hooking slider CA. This hook is further provided with a control lever 2Q extending laterally on the opposite side to this lateral opening, the holding of this hook out of its hooking position when it is lifted being ensured by a pull of this lever. to the top.

 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7, the fixing means of the support member OS comprise a plate PFS applicable against said prefabricated panels P1, P2, P3 and hollowed on its lower edge with a lateral succession of notches 22 This member is fixed to the support panel by screws passing through these notches and screwed into said nuts. This allows lifting the mounting bracket after a partial unscrewing of these screws to avoid or limit the fall of the CO console in case of failure of said hoist.

 Preferably the fastening means of each of said sliders comprise a plate PFA, PFR applicable against said prefabricated panels and drilled holes 24, 26 for the passage of screws screwed into said nuts of these panels.

 Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the guide post MG is constituted by a section steel section with horizontal section I. More precisely, this profile comprises an inner chord 28, and an outer chord 30 extending according to said lateral direction. These chords are joined by a core 32 extending in said normal direction, the inner chord being on the side of said prefabricated panel. Each of said CR sliders comprises a C-shaped horizontal section PC part surrounding the two edges of this inner chord and passing between this chord and the prefabricated panel, the core of the amount passing through the opening of the C.This door part, on either side of this core, two nuts 34 cooperating with two screws 36 which extend in said normal direction to adjust the clearance for sliding and guiding the slide.

 Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the adjustment cylinder VR is a jack with two screws and two nuts 40. The screws extend in the said normal direction and are rotatably mounted on two branches 42 of the said movable element of the jack. These branches carry said PFR fastening means to the panel and is supported laterally on both sides of said C-shaped PC part. The nuts are fixed on two lateral extensions of this part.

 The guide slider CG is similar to the slider CA shown in Figures 7 and 8, except that it has neither hook nor hook axis, nor housing for this axis, and it is also similar to the adjustment slider shown in Figure 10 and 11 except that its fixing plate is fixed to its said C-shaped piece and not to the movable member of a jack.

 Preferably, in accordance with FIGS. 10 and 11, each of said hooking and adjustment sliders CR is provided at its upper part with an operating ring 44 enabling it to be lifted by means of a rope from the top of the console.

 When the last panel of a vertical wall has been fixed, the console can be brought directly back to the ground by said hoist such as a construction crane, a fall protection can be provided by cables stretched from the top of the building is built.

 The hoist could be constituted not by a construction crane but for example by a winch or other traction means fixed on the guide post and pulling a cable attached to the bottom of the console via a return fixed at any point on the guide slides for example. This means of elevation would have the advantage of making the maneuver independent. We could say then that the console would be self-raising while maintaining perfect maneuverability.

 The mode of use of the console remains essentially the same as described above when it is for example to perform a surface treatment on a vertical wall already built and provided with fixing points as described.

Claims (12)

1 / Method for the construction by superposition of prefabricated concrete panels, to form a vertical wall of a building by prefabricated carrier panels (P1, P2, P3) succeeding one another vertically, the width of these panels extending in a horizontal direction lateral and their thickness in a normal horizontal direction, - this method comprising the prefabrication of these panels and at least one mounting cycle starting from an initial situation in which a said prefabricated panel (P1) is fixed in the final position on the ground or by connection to the already constructed part (P1) of the building and constitutes a support panel for this cycle, this cycle comprising the following steps: - provisional fixation of a console (CO) on this support panel, - setting place of a new said prefabricated panel (P) above the support panel (P1), - fixing of this new panel in its final position resting on the upper edge of the support panel , so as to allow this new panel to constitute a support panel during a following cycle, - and lifting the console (CO) to allow its attachment to this new panel and establish the initial situation of a new assembly cycle, - this method being characterized in that said prefabricated panels (P1> P2, P3) are each provided with fixing points to allow fastenings to this panel these points forming at least one vertical alignment which comprises a point of support at the bottom of an upper part of this panel, a little attachment point above this support point, a guide point near the upper edge of this panel and a set point even closer to this edge, said console (CO) being a panel mounting console and having a vertical guide post (MG) along each said vertical alignment, each said guide post guiding a hooking slide (CA) and a slide of guidance (C G) which slide on the height of this amount without being able to deviate from it and are each provided with temporary fixing means (PFA) for fixing them to said attachment points and guide respectively, - this amount being provided further in its upper part of a trimming ram (VR) whose movable element (10) can be moved in said normal direction and carries fixing means (PFR) for fixing it to said control point of the panels, - amount being still provided at its lower end with a support member (OS) fixed to this amount and adapted to automatically catch the coupling slider (CA) to temporarily support the weight of the console by the slider, this support member being further provided with fixing means (PFS) for fixing it to said support point, - said initial situation of the assembly cycle comprising the following provisions - an upper part of the mounting bracket ge (CO) protrudes vertically above the upper edge of the backing panel to a height sufficient to reach the trimming point of a new panel above this backing panel, and a bottom portion of this console s extends vertically on said upper part of this support panel to allow this bracket to be fixed to this panel to enable it to withstand the tilting forces, - the support member (OS) is fixed to the support point of the panel and / or the hooking slider (CA) is fixed to the attachment point of the support panel, said support member (OS) being attached to this slider, to support the mounting bracket (CO), - the guide slide (CG) is fixed to the guide point of the support panel to prevent tilting of the mounting bracket, - the assembly cycle of a new panel (P2) comprising the following steps - setting up of this new panel by a hoist by putting the inferior edge of this new panel resting on the upper edge of the support panel (P1) with possibility of inclination of this new panel around the upper edge a support panel, - fixing the movable element (10) of the cylinder setting point (VR) at point of adjustment point of new panel (P2), - adjustment of verticality of new panel (P2) using adjustment cylinder (VR), - connection of this new panel to the rest of the building to fix it in final position, - removal of the fixing of the guide slide (CG) to the guide point of the support panel, lifting of this slide along said guide post (MG) and fixing of this slider at the guiding point of the new panel (P2), the mounting bracket (CO) being held through the adjusting ram (VR) and the support member (OS), - removing the mounting of the slide hooking (CA) at the point of attachment and its attachment to the support member (OS) fixed at the point of s support of the support panel (P1), lifting of this slider and fixing of this slider to the point of attachment of the new panel (P2), - removal of the connection which was made between the guide post (MG) and the new panel (P2) via adjusting cylinder (VR), - Suspension of mounting bracket (CO) to lifting gear, - Removal of support member (OS) attachment at support point of the support panel, - lifting of the console by this hoist, the console being guided by the guide slides (CG) and hooking (CA), this lifting being continued until the body of support (OS) is automatically hooked to the hooking slider (CA), - this support member (OS) is subsequently attached to the support point of the new panel. 2 / A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said adjusting ram (VR) is connected to the guide post (MG) by means of a trimming slider (CR) which can be fixed at various heights of this amount to allow the use of the same console (CO) for mounting panels of various heights, the fastening means of the cylinder to the panels then constituting at the same time means for fixing this slider. 3 / A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said hooking slider (CA) carries a hook (12) forming a C in a plane with a housing at the bottom and a lateral opening above this housing, this hook being articulated about a horizontal axis (13) perpendicular to this plane of C, and during below this axis so as to automatically return to a hooking position when it has been removed, this hook having to at the bottom an oblique hooking ramp (14) arranged below this housing and rising towards the side of said lateral opening, - said supporting member (OS) carrying above it a parallel hanging rod (16). to this axis and adapted to be housed in said housing, - the distance between said attachment points and support being such that this rod (16) is in this housing when the coupling sliders (CA) and the body of support (OS) are respectively attached to these points - the a support member (OS) providing sufficient space below this rod (16) so that, when the attachment of the slider (CA) is removed and this slider descends towards the support member, said lateral opening the hook (12) arrives at the level of this rod so as to allow the hook to tilt out of its hooking position and to reassemble without hooking again this hooking rod to achieve said removal of the hooking of the support member to the attachment slider, - this support member (OS) automatically coming to hook again to this slider (CA) at the end of said lifting operation of the console by a lateral thrust exerted on the hooking ramp (14) of this hook by this rod (16). 4 / A method according to claim 3, characterized in that said hook (12) further comprises a stall ramp (18) above said housing and said lateral opening, this ramp being oblique in the same direction as said ramp hooking mechanism (14) for bringing the hook out of its hooking position during the lowering of said hooking slider (CA), this hook being further provided with a control lever (20) extending laterally from the opposite side to this lateral opening, the maintenance of this hook out of its hooking position when the back is provided by pulling the lever upwards. 5 / A method according to claim 4, characterized in that said hinge axis (13) of the hook extends in said normal direction. 6 / A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for fixing the prefabricated panels (P1, P2, P3) are constituted at each attachment point by a plurality of nuts fixed in the concrete and distributed along said lateral direction so as to economically allow a secure fixation without permanent projection on the concrete. 7 / A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fixing means of said support member (OS) comprise a plate (PFS) applicable against said prefabricated panels (P1, P2 ' P3) and hollowed on its lower edge with a lateral succession of notches (22) so as to fix this member to the support panel by screws passing through these slots and screwed into said nuts and so as to allow lift the mounting bracket after only partially unscrewing these screws to avoid or limit the collapse of the console (CO) in case of failure of said hoist. 8 / A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the fastening means of each of said sliders comprise a plate (PFA, PFR) applicable against said prefabricated panels and pierced with holes (24, 26) for the passage of screws screwed into said nuts of these panels. 9 / A method according to claim 2, characterized in that said guide post (MG) is constituted by a steel section I horizontal section with an inner chord (28) and an outer chord (30) extending in said lateral direction and joined by a web (32) both extending in said normal direction, the inner chord being on the side of said prefabricated panel, - each of said sliders (CR) comprising a workpiece (PC) with a horizontal section in the form of C surrounding the two edges of the inner frame and passing between this frame and the prefabricated panel, the soul of the amount passing through the opening of the C, this part carrying, on either side of this soul, two nuts ( 34) cooperating with two screws (36) which extend in said normal direction to adjust the clearance for sliding and guiding the slide. 10 / A method according to claim 6, characterized in that said adjustment jack (VR) is a jack with two screws and two nuts (the screws extending in said normal direction and being rotatably mounted on two legs (42) of said mobile element of the cylinder, these branches carrying said fixing means (PFR) to the panel and laterally supported on both sides of said piece (PC) C-shaped, the nuts being fixed on two lateral extensions of this piece. 11 / A method according to claim 2, characterized in that each of said sliders - (CA) and adjustment (CR) is provided at its upper part with an operating ring (44) to lift it to using a rope from the top of the console. 12 / movable mobile working console on a vertical wall, this bracket being characterized in that it comprises at least one vertical guide upright (MG) guiding a hooking slider (CA) and a guide slider (CG) which sliding on the height of this amount without being able to deviate and are each provided with temporary fixing means (PFA) to the wall, this amount being further provided in its upper part with other temporary fixing means (PFR) to the wall, and a support member (OS) which is attached to its lower end and which is adapted to automatically engage the coupling slider (CA) to temporarily support the weight of the console by the slider, this support member being also provided with temporary fixing means (PFS) to the wall.