FR2546552A1 - Thermally insulating multilayer shell provided with means for recovering solar energy in order to delimit, at least partially, a habitable volume - Google Patents

Abstract

The shell comprises several roof slopes having an external glass layer with parts of the solar collector type and parts of the glasshouse type. The external glass panels 51 rest on self-draining metal members 20 forming rafters and have their adjacent edges connected by hinged seals 54 along the edges of the shell. Protection elements 40 extend under the glass panels at least along the edges of the shell and end at the drainage channels of the rafters 20. The rafters also support absorber elements 43, 44 and internal insulation.

Description

Multi-walled envelope thermally insulated and provided with solar energy recovery means for
at least partially define a living space.

The present invention relates to a
thermally insulated multi-walled enclosure and
provided with solar energy recovery means for
delimit a living space at least in part
laterally and superiorly.

Usually to fulfill the
functions of walls and roofs of a building and to fulfill the functions of solar energy collectors,
different structures are used.

An object of the invention is to realize
a multi-function envelope constituting the walls and
the roof which delimits a habitable volume and integrating the means of solar energy recovery.

The object of the invention is also to produce an envelope comprising a minimum number of elements which can be arranged simply and allowing
variations in form.

The object of the invention is also to produce a light envelope capable in particular of
of installed on the terrace of an existing building.

In accordance with the invention, the envelope
behaves
several panels connected together
to others1 of different inclination and whose wall
exterior is made of glass, with parts to configure
tion of solar collectors and configuration parts
Greenhouse,
- a plethora of metal profiles
self-aligning chevrons1 regularly spaced
from each other in each section of the envelope and each extending between two edges adjacent to the envelope, perpendicular to these edges, each section having a core with an upper support sole and two lower wings bordering two drainage channels of each side of the soul,
- glass panels forming the outer wall of the envelope, each side of the envelope comprising several glass panels arranged side by side and resting on the upper flanges of the chevron profiles with interposition of seals,
- articulated seals each formed in two parts which are respectively mounted on the adjacent edges of two glass panels along an edge of the envelope and which are connected to each other,
protective elements extending under the glass panels, at least along the edges of the envelope, and ending at their ends at the level of the drainage channels of the rafters supporting these glass panels,
- absorber elements each arranged under a glass panel and carried by the rafters on which this glass panel rests, and
an insulation situated on the inside of the envelope and supported by said rafters.

 The protective elements extending under the glass panels along the edges of the envelope may be under-roofing plates resting on the lower wings of the rafters and forming, for example, the bottom plates of collectors.

 In a greenhouse-type configuration, these protective elements can be constituted by gutters arranged directly above the edges of the envelope.

 An originality of the envelope according to the invention lies in the use of an outer wall in the form of a prismatic canopy to delimit a habitable volume. Such a canopy allows optimal capture of solar energy either in active form (collectors) or in passive form (greenhouse, lighting). By its nature and its lightness, the envelope finds a particularly advantageous use on the terrace of a building, which obviously does not exclude the possibility of placing it directly on the ground.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the description given below for information but not limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 is a general schematic view illustrating part of an envelope according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a partial view illustrating the mounting of a sensor part of the envelope of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is an enlarged scale view showing, in section and on an enlarged scale, a chevron section of the ltenvelopppe of FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 is a detail view showing, in section, a portion with a greenhouse configuration of the envelope of FIG. 1,
FIG. S is a detail view showing an angle of a part with a tight configuration of the envelope of FIG. 1,
FIGS. 6A to 6D are detailed views which illustrate in section and on an enlarged scale an articulated inter-glazing seal forming part of the envelope of FIG. 1, and
- Figure 7 is a detail view showing in part the assembly uiie fewletre dalls the envelope of Figure 1.

 FIG. 1 illustrates a prismatic envelope 10 in accordance with the invention placed on the terrace 11 of a building 12. The envelope 10 has an outer glass wall and delimits laterally and superiorly a living space 13, for example at two levels . As illustrated in Figure 1, one envelope 10 is hexagonal whose two ends are vertical. As a variant, the number of panels can of course be other than six and the end panels can be inclined relative to the vertical.

 The envelope 10 is supported by carrying arches 14 which are inside the envelope and which bear on each side of the latter on the edges of the terrace 11. The arches 14 are fixed longitudinal beams 15 arranged at the edges of the envelope 10. The arches 14 also support a ridge 16 which extends all along the envelope 10.

 The beams 15 form the support beams of chevron profiles which are arranged perpendicular to the edges of the envelope 10 and which constitute the basic structural elements thereof. On these rafters are fixed the external glass panels, absorbers for the production of domestic hot water and for heating, under-roof panels, insulating panels and the other constituent elements of the casing 10, in particular the windows. of facade 17 or of roof 18 and interior finishes.

 On the south side, the casing 10 incorporates solar collectors which can be of the water circulation or air circulation type.

 FIG. 2 illustrates the stages of mounting part of the casing 10 comprising means for collecting water.

 On each beam 15 located at an edge of the casing 10 are fixed chairs 19 intended for the fixing of metal chevron profiles 20, for example of aluminum. These are regularly spaced in each section of the envelope and are arranged perpendicular to the edges.

Each rafter 20 is of the self-draining type, extends over the entire width of a section of the envelope and has a central core 21, a bottom flange 22 from which two wings 23, 24 which border channels run out. 25, 26 on each side of the core 21 and an upper flange 27. The profile of a rafter 20 is illustrated in FIG. 3. We see, in the lower flange 22, two longittinal grooves 28, 29 opening laterally on each side of the rafter and a longitudinal groove 30 opening on the underside of the sole 22. Another longitudinal groove 31 is formed in the upper sole 27 and opens on the upper face thereof .Two additional grooves 32, 33 are formed longitudinally in the bottom flange 22 and open at the bottom of the drainage channels 25, 26. The grooves 28 to 33 have side walls with a sawtooth profile (see detail A) in order to constitute threads to connect by screw different elements of the envelope 10 to the rafters 20. The wings 23, 24 have parts 23a, 24a parallel to the core 21, laterally bordering the drainage channels 25, 26 and extended by parts 23b, 24b with a U-profile inclined at 900 and open towards the core 21. These U-shaped parts project outwards and their upper branches are extended by flanges 23c, 24c which are slightly inclined downwards and towards the core 21. Longitudinal notches 23d, 24d are formed in the vicinity of the top and the e-térieur coast of the branches of the U-shaped parts 25b, 24b. Finally, the rafter 20 has longitudinal ribs 34, 35, located on each side of the core 21 and at substantially the upper branches of the U-shaped parts 23b, 24b of the wings 23, 24.

 The connection of two rafters 20 at an edge of the structure is carried out by cutting the ends of these rafters. The end of the lowest chevron is cut to form a V-shaped notch while the end of the highest chevron is cut at an angle so that its lower part enters the notch. another chevron. Thus, the drainage channels of the upper rafter end overhanging the drainage channels of the lower rafter and a continuity of drainage is ensured along each slope of the casing 10 without requiring specific connection pieces at the corners. It is therefore very easy to accommodate different values of the angle between two sides of the envelope without the need for a stock of different angle fittings.

 The rafters 20 being fixed, the mounting of the sensors can be carried out. First of all, sub-roofing plates 40 are laid, for example in lacquered galvanized steel, the curved edges of which rest on the wings 23, 24 of the rafters and are clipped onto the edges Z3c, 24c. A complementary fixing can be provided by means of plates 41 which bear on the plates 40 and the ribs 34, 35 and of screws 42 penetrating into the threads 32, 33. Absorbers formed as known per se from a network of parallel tubes 43 in them, welded to a metal plate 44 and connected at their ends to manifolds 45, are then put in place, an absorber occupying the space available between two rafters in a section of the structure. The absorbers are supported by means of the tubes collectors 45 which pass through passages 46 formed in the webs of the rafters 20 and are fixed to these by means of sleeves.

 Then, the upper soles 27 of the rafters 20 are covered by seals 50 before the installation of the tempered glass panels 51 bearing on the sides of the soles 27. The glass panels are held in place by plates 52 and screws 53 which penetrate into the threads 32, 33. Along the edges of the casing, the seal between the glass panels 51 is achieved by means of an articulated interlacing seal 54 described below in detail with reference to figures-s 6A to 6D. Note that at a ltenvsloppe edge, the roofing plates 40 overlap, the end portion of the highest plate 40 overhanging the end portion of the adjacent plate 40 located below.

This arrangement makes it possible to guard against possible infiltration of moisture at the level of the inter-glazing joints, the plates 40 returning to the drainage channels of the rafters 20.

 We have considered above the mounting of a part of the envelope 10 with the integration of a water circulation sensor allowing the production of sanitary hot water or heating. In other parts of the envelope 10 exposed to the South, or as a variant, it is possible to integrate sensors with air absorbers into the envelope. In this case, the sub-roofing plates 40 are replaced for example by pre-patinated and stiffened zinc plates which are fixed on the wings 23, 24 of the rafters and delimit with insulating panels situated on the inside of the envelope 10 of the volumes in which air can circulate. The communication with the living space is carried out by air inlets and outlets which open into covers of the purlins 15, the air circulation being ensured, either by direct thermo-siphon, or by accelerated thermo-siphon, or again by controlled ventilation.

 In all cases, the envelope 10 is not packed in. its set of absorbers and certain parts, in particular at least those exposed to the Nords have a configuration of the greenhouse type.

 In the case of a greenhouse type configuration (Figures 4 and 5), on each wing 23, 24 of the rafters 20 is mounted a complementary profile 60 with a part 61 in the form of a ruler provided at its lower part with two longitudinal wings 62 , 63 which extend perpendicularly to the part 61 on the same side thereof. The wings 62, 63 have at their ends bulges 62a, 63a on their opposite faces and are spaced from one another by a distance which corresponds to that separating the branches of the U-shaped parts 23b-, 24b from the wings 23, 24 chevrons 20. Thus, each section 60 can be fixed on a chevron 20 by simple clipping on a U-shaped part of this chevron, the bulges 62a, 6 3a penetrating into the notches 23d, 24d. Of course, other means of mounting the profiles 60 on the rafters 20 can be used, that described above having the advantage of being quick and simple. The profile 60 once mounted on the rafter 20 has its upper edge substantially at the same level as the sole 27. On this upper edge is placed a rubber seal 68 with a lip 65 which is inclined downward towards the core 21 of the rafter to end in line with the drainage channel located on the side of this Joint 64.

As before, the glass panels 51 are mounted in abutment on the soles 27 with interposition of the seal 50, but these panels also rest on the seals 64ce which ensures a double seal between the glass panels and the rafters. The sealing between adjacent edges of the glass panels along the edges of the envelope is ensured by the articulated inter-glazing joints 54. In the absence of under-roofing plates and to protect against possible infiltration of humidity at each inter-glazing joint 54, a folded sheet 65 can be mounted at this level (shown only in FIG. 5) forming a gutter and extending over the joint 54 over the entire length of the latter between rafters. The sheet 65 is fixed at each end by a self-tapping screw 66 penetrating into a rib 67 with a C profile which has the profile 60 from the side facing the rafter 20. The gutters 65 thus make it possible to return any moisture in the rafters' drainage channels. It will be noted in FIG. 5 that at their ends the profiles 60 are cut to allow passage and fixing of the gutters 65.

 We will now refer to FIGS. 6A to 6D which illustrate the articulated interlacing 54. This is in two parts 55, 56 each constituted by rubber profiles. The profile 55 (see fig. 6A) has a sole 55a which laterally has a groove 55b for mounting on the edge of the glass panel 51. On the side opposite to the groove 55b, the sole 55a has a concave curved profile 55e and extends at its face opposite its base by a flexible lip 55d provided at its end with a rib 57 in the shape of a T. The profile 56 (see fig. 6B) has a sole 56a which laterally has a groove 56b for its mounting on the edge of a glass panel 51. On the side opposite to the groove 56b, the sole 56a is extended from its base by a lip 56c curved upwards, the curvature of the lip 56c being slightly less than that of the concave surface 55c. On its face opposite its base, the sole 56a has a groove 58 with a T-profile complementary to that of the rib 57. To form the seal 54, the profiles 55 and 56 are brought together with their bases in the extension one on the other (fig. 6C). The lip 56c is applied against the concave surface 55c while being slightly deformed and the rib 57 is embedded in the groove 58. As illustrated in FIG. 6D, there can be an inclination between the panels 51 joined by the joint 54 variable mutual without deterioration of the seal; the lip 56c can indeed slide on the concave surface 55c while remaining applied against this surface and the lip 55d can deform while preserving 11 embedding of the rib 57 in the groove 58. A double barrier is thus ~ formed against the humidity infiltration. In FIGS. 6C and 6D, the positions of the lips 56c have been shown in dashed lines. and 55d at rest, that is to say before assembly of the sections 55 and 56.

 In Figure 7, there is shown in part the mounting of a front window 17 in an envelope such as that of Figure 1. On the rafters 20 is mounted a profile 70 similar to the profile 60 but of reduced width. The profile 70 has on one side two wings 72, 73 allowing the clipping of this profile on a U-shaped part of a wing 23 (or 24) of the rafter.

The upper edge of the profile 70 is provided with a seal 74 identical to the seal 64. The frame 75 of the window 17 is supported, on the one hand, on the sole 27 of the chavron 20 with interposition of the seal 50 and, on the other hand, on the profile 70 with interposition of the seal 74 (which again ensures a double seal). In Figure 7, there is also shown a part of the opening frame 76 with double glazing 77. The open position of the frame 76 is shown in dashes.

 On the interior side, the structure 10 is completed by insulation, 80 and an interior facing al (only shown in FIGS. 1,4 and 7). The attachment of the insulation means on the rafters 20 can be carried out by means of studs cooperating with the threads 28, 29 and / or 30. For example, it is possible to use insulating panels of the “sandwich” type, the outer wall of which can serve as an air sensor bottom or can replace the roofing plates 40 if it has the necessary tightness. More traditionally, wooden rafters 82 can be used which are fixed to the rafters 20 by screws 83 penetrate into the threads 30, and between which glass wool 80 can be placed.

In the case of a configuration with a skin circulation sensor, the gap between the insulation 80 and the roofing sheets can be filled with additional insulation, for example rock wool. Similarly, in the case of the greenhouse configuration and in the non-illuminating parts, an additional insulator can be put in place between the insulation 80 and the outer glass wall. To the passive insulation "provided by the presence of insulation, an" active "insulation is added by means of the fresh air flow of ventilation passing through the insulating wall recovering the losses of the insulation before entering the living space.

 As already indicated, the mounting of the envelope 10 on the terrace of a new or pre-existing building is a particular preferred application of the invention. This avoids periodic repair of the waterproofing of the terraces, and reduces the heat losses from the terraces, we create a solar heating and domestic hot water installation capable of supplying the building in whole or in part, and we create living volumes on one or more levels on land ~ already built.

These various advantages obviously do not exclude the possibility of other uses of the envelope according to the invention. In general, various modifications or additions may be made to the embodiment described above of an envelope according to the invention without thereby departing from the protective framework defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. Thermally insulated multi-walled envelope provided with means for recovering solar energy to delimit a habitable volume at least partially laterally and above the surface, characterized in that it comprises:  - several panels connected to each other, of different inclinations and whose outer wall is made of glass, with parts in the configuration of solar collectors and parts in the greenhouse configuration,  a plurality of self-draining metal profiles forming chevrons (20), regularly spaced from each other in each section of the enclosure (10) and each extending between two edges adjacent to the enclosure, perpendicular to these edges, each profile having a core (21) with an upper support flange (27) and two lower wings (23, 24) bordering two drainage channels (15, 26) on each side of the core,  - glass panels (51) forming the outer wall of the envelope, each section of the envelope comprising several glass panels arranged side by side and resting on the upper flanges (27) of caps profiles (20) with interposition of seals (50),  - articulated seals) each formed in two parts (55X56) which are hulled respectively on the adjacent edges of two glass panels (51) along an edge of the envelope and which are connected one to the other. the other,  - protective elements (40,65) extending under the glass panels (51), at least along the edges of the envelope, and ending at their ends at the level of the drainage channels (25,26) of the rafters ( 20) supporting these glass panels,  - absorber elements (43, 44) each disposed under a glass panel (51) and carried by the rafters (20) on which this glass panel rests, and  - an insulation (80) located on the inside of the envelope and supported by said rafters (20). 2. Envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective elements are under-roofing plates (40) which each extend under a glass plate and which are supported by the wings (23, 24) of the rafters ( 20), the roofing plates overlapping at their ends situated along the edges of the envelope. 3. Envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective elements are gutters (65) which each extend between two rafters (20) at the level of an edge of the envelope (10) 4. Envelope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wings  (23, 24) rafters (20) comprise means for fixing complementary profiles (60) on the upper edges of which the glass plates are supported with the interposition of a seal  (64), so as to achieve a double seal  (50.64) between the rafters and. the glass panels in the greenhouse-shaped parts of the envelope. 5. Envelope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one  (56) of the parts forming the articulated interleaving joint comprises a curved lip (56c) which can slide against a concave surface (55c) of the other part (55) while remaining applied against this surface. 6. Envelope according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one (55) of the parts forming the articulated interleaved anoint (54) comprises a flexible lip (55d) provided at its end with a rib ( 57) built into a complementary groove (58) of the other part (56) of the seal. 7. Envelope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is supported by means of beams or purlins (15) which are located at the edges, on which the rafters (20) are fixed. and which are carried by arches (14) external to the envelope (10). 8. Envelope according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is placed on a terrace (11) of a building (12).